essays and aphorisms by arthur schopenhauer pdf

Essays and aphorisms

By arthur schopenhauer.

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Schopenhauer believed that human action is determined not by reason but by 'will', and his writing demonstrates his innovative-and pessimistic-attitude towards human conduct.

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Selections from the author's Parerga und paralipomena.

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One of the greatest philosophers of the nineteenth century, Schopenhauer (1788-1860) believed that human action is determined not by reason but by 'will' - the blind and irrational desire for physical existence. This selection of his writings on religion, ethics, politics, women, suicide, books and many other themes is taken from Schopenhauer's last work, Parerga and Paralipomena, which he published in 1851. These pieces depict humanity as locked in a struggle beyond good and evil, and each individual absolutely free within a Godless world, in which art, morality and self-awareness are our only salvation. This innovative - and pessimistic - view has proved powerfully influential upon philosophy and art, directly affecting the work of Nietzsche, Wittgenstein and Wagner among others.

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Essays Of Schopenhauer

by Arthur Schopenhauer

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Essays and Aphorisms (Penguin Classics) Paperback – May 30, 1973

• Print length 240 pages
• Language English
• Publisher Penguin Classics
• Publication date May 30, 1973
• Grade level 12 and up
• Reading age 18 years and up
• Dimensions 7.74 x 5.06 x 0.6 inches
• ISBN-10 0140442278
• ISBN-13 978-0140442274
• See all details

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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Penguin Classics; Revised ed. edition (May 30, 1973)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 240 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0140442278
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0140442274
• Reading age ‏ : ‎ 18 years and up
• Grade level ‏ : ‎ 12 and up
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7.74 x 5.06 x 0.6 inches
• #89 in Individual Philosophers (Books)
• #211 in Modern Western Philosophy
• #484 in Essays (Books)

About the author

Arthur schopenhauer.

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Customers find the book style good, with good aphorisms that offer interest to the reader. They also say it's marvelous and true.

"...This book is great literature as well as original philosophy , the writing is so incredibly clear, crystal clear, actually - a straightforward, easy-..." Read more

"...pessimistic thinker but he is nonetheless interesting and engaging in his points of view ...." Read more

"...The aphorisms are good though and they offer much interest to the reader of Nietzsche as well as being valuable in their own right." Read more

"...The book is great because it is simply a collection of a smart man's thoughts ...." Read more

Customers are mixed about the readability. Some mention that the translation is very readable, crystal clear, and elegant. However, others say that the kindle version is pretty tough to read, with very few textual notes and confusing sentences.

"...is great literature as well as original philosophy, the writing is so incredibly clear , crystal clear, actually - a straightforward, easy-to-follow,..." Read more

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Arthur Schopenhauer

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• Studies in Pessimism Arthur Schopenhauer 111 downloads

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• Schopenhauer: Essays and Aphorisms Summary

by Arthur Schopenhauer

These notes were contributed by members of the GradeSaver community. We are thankful for their contributions and encourage you to make your own.

Written by people who wish to remain anonymous

Arthur Schopenhauer's essays and maxims have surpassed the test of time because they are still relevant in the contemporary world. Schopenhauer had a tremendous life experience, and his essays analyzed human existence and its purpose. For instance, the reader realizes that Schopenhauer had firsthand experience with life. Schopenhauer's diligence on philosophical matters played a critical role in enabling him to develop life principles that govern human existence.

Schopenhauer discusses the significance of unity and its power. He illustrates his point using a big diamond and a concrete army. For instance, if a massive diamond is split into small pieces, it loses value. Similarly, if an army is scattered, it loses its power and can easily be defeated. Schopenhauer urges teachers to teach children the significance of unity in human life. The children should be taught the reality of life gradually to strengthen their minds and the ability to be critical thinkers.

‘On Reading and Books’

Schopenhauer argues that reading other people's books degrades a human's ability to be a critical thinker and make own judgment. According to Schopenhauer, when a person reads, he repeats the mental process of the author. Similarly, when a child learns to write, he exactly does what the teacher instructs him to do, but not by his own doing. Consequently, a person who spends the whole day reading loses the aptitude to think as an individual but thinks from the perspective of the different authors.

‘The Emptiness of the Existence’

Schopenhauer compares human life to a picture in a rough mosaic that must be looked at from a distance to ascertain its beauty. The author focuses on the vanities of life and the efforts human beings apply to achieve nonexistent material possessions. The paradox of life is that a man looks back and notices lost opportunities that he cannot recapture to improve his present. Therefore, Schopenhauer asks, 'What is the purpose of expectations in human life?' Consequently, the author reminds readers to optimize opportunities in their lives to avoid regretting in the future.

On Women, Thinking for Oneself, Religion and Metaphysics of love.'

On women, Schopenhauer argues that women pay the debt of life by incurring the pain of childbearing. In thinking for oneself, the human mind's value depends on personal development and individual judgment. On religion, Schopenhauer argues that people's way of worship must be respected, no matter how they conduct themselves. On the metaphysics of love, Schopenhauer expounds that not anything inventively stunning can survive without genuineness.

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Schopenhauer: Essays and Aphorisms study guide contains a biography of Arthur Schopenhauer, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

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Schopenhauer: Essays and Aphorisms essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Schopenhauer: Essays and Aphorisms.

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ESSAYS OF SCHOPENHAUER

Related Papers

The Journal of Nietzsche Studies

Richard Findler

Heythrop Journal-a Quarterly Review of Philosophy and Theology

James Luchte

Language, Logic, and Mathematics in Schopenhauer

Michel-Antoine Xhignesse

Schopenhauer's invective is legendary among philosophers, and is unmatched in the historical canon. But these complaints are themselves worthy of careful consideration: they are rooted in Schopenhauer's philosophy of language, which itself reflects the structure of his metaphysics. This short chapter argues that Schopenhauer's vitriol rewards philosophical attention; not because it expresses his critical take on Fichte, Hegel, Herbart, Schelling, and Schleiermacher, but because it neatly illustrates his philosophy of language. Schopenhauer's epithets are not merely spiteful slurs; instead, they reflect deep-seated theoretical and methodological commitments to transparency of exposition.

Man and World

Guenter Zoeller

Henk GJ Rebel

Ultimate Reality and Meaning

ON THE WILL IN NATURE (Posthumous Edition) - by Arthur Schopenhauer

Edouard d'Araille

This is a re-edited version of the original article on Schopenhauer's philosophy published in the 'Westminster Review' in 1853. The author of 'Iconoclasm in German Philosophy' has read a number of works by Arthur Schopenhauer - listed at the top of the article - which has enabled him to appreciate the Weltanschuung of this philosophical author. The article is an excellent achievement in encapsulating the complex thought of a deep thinker in effective English prose. The article is famous for the fact that it was single-handedly responsible for kickstarting the appreciation of Schopenhauer's philosophy in the United Kingdom, at a time when he had already become famous in Germany. Interestingly though, it took forty years for Schopenhauer (1788-1860) to gain fame in his own country and only during the last decade of his life did he become a widely appreciated author. In his own view this was because his own philosophy was at odds with the reigning philosophy of his day - Hegelianism - and he was never ready to dilute or deform his own thought-system in order to conform with the 'State Philosophy', as he called it. This article is an eye-opener and it should be borne in mind that Schopenhauer was a great Anglophile - he had attended public school in England (albeit briefly), read the English newspapers daily and held up as the finest master of prose the philosopher David Hume - and English fame was something that was a great honour for him.

Lenart Škof

Shawn Douglas

Oxford Handbook of Nietzsche

and Keywords The chapter offers a critical analysis of Nietzsche's objections to Schopenhauer's philoso phy. While the influence of Schopenhauer on Nietzsche is widely documented, the author's intention here is to ask how Schopenhauer might respond to Nietzsche's inter pretation of his philosophy and his critical challenges and hence, ultimately, to assess the force of Nietzsche's objections. The chapter considers Nietzsche's central challenge, be ginning with his account of Mitleid (compassion or pity) and, from there, opens out to the analysis of psychology, history, and the affirmation of life. It also considers two ways in which Nietzsche arguably steps out from under Schopenhauer's influence: his "historical philosophy" and his style or philosophical attitude.

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