how to start a opposing viewpoints essay

• How to Cite
• Language & Lit
• Rhyme & Rhythm
• The Rewrite
• Search Glass

How to Write an Opposing Viewpoint Essay

An opposing viewpoint essay calls for a student to investigate a topic and evaluate the evidence supporting one side of an argument. This type of essay calls for extensive research of literature and, at times, empirical research through surveys and interviews. Opposing essays cover controversial topics, such as environmental policy, media violence, illegal immigration, genetic engineering, and globalization. The essay should leave no doubt about the writer's argument.

Introduction

Set the context by addressing the topic in a general manner. Include background information and explicate the debate. Review the topic and explain why it is important. Why should the reader care about the issue?

Present a concise thesis statement.

Transition into the body of the essay with a logical, clear progression. Summarize the ideas presented in the introductory section.

Body and Conclusion

Limit each paragraph in the body of the essay to one main idea. Connect the body of each paragraph to your thesis statement. Provide at least three detailed examples per paragraph that explain why the evidence supports the thesis.

Discuss opposing viewpoints of each paragraph's main idea. Explain how the opposing arguments do not align with your thesis (rather than dismissing them outright). Consider the other points of view when collecting anecdotal and statistical evidence.

Overcome objections by covering both sides of the issue. Consider arguments against your thesis. Signal refutations with transition words such as "but," "however," or "although."

Synthesize the information to leave a lasting impression on the reader. Link the last paragraph to the introduction and reiterate a key word or phrase used in the beginning. Conclude with a quotation from a primary reference, redefine a key term, or set your argument in a larger context by demonstrating how your paper falls within a larger area of concern or by posing further questions.

• Proofread carefully for grammar and spelling errors.
• Double-check your source information and documentation.

Things You'll Need

• Purdue University: Purdue Online Writing Lab: The Argumentative Essay
• Alamo Colleges: Writer and Grammar Resources: Argumentative Techniques

Nicole Newman is a Dartmouth College associate who works in Tiltfactor Laboratory, Dartmouth's premier game design center. Her research has included investigating the digital humanities through "Writing as a Dimensional Artifact" and "Evolution of the Ghetto: The Decline of America’s Inner Cities," a research initiative on urban design.

Part 2: Situation and Analysis

7 Opposing Viewpoints

Handling opposing viewpoints.

Because an argument implies differing points of view on the subject, you must be sure to acknowledge those opposing ideas. Avoiding ideas that conflict with your own gives the reader the impression that you may be uncertain, fearful, or unaware of opposing ideas. Thus it is essential that you not only address counterarguments but also do so respectfully.

Try to address opposing arguments earlier rather than later in your essay. Rhetorically speaking, ordering your positive arguments last allows you to better address ideas that conflict with your own, so you can spend the rest of the essay countering those arguments. This way, you leave your reader thinking about your argument rather than someone else’s. You have the last word.

Acknowledging points of view different from your own also has the effect of fostering more credibility between you and the audience. They know from the outset that you are aware of opposing ideas and that you are not afraid to give them space.

It is also helpful to establish the limits of your argument and what you are trying to accomplish. In effect, you are conceding early on that your argument is not the ultimate authority on a given topic. Such humility can go a long way toward earning credibility and trust with an audience. Audience members will know from the beginning that you are a reasonable writer, and audience members will trust your argument as a result. For example, in the following concessionary statement, the writer advocates for stricter gun control laws, but she admits it will not solve all of our problems with crimes:

Such a concession will be welcome by those who might disagree with this writer’s argument in the first place. To effectively persuade their readers, writers need to be modest in their goals and humble in their approach to get readers to listen to the ideas. Certain transitional words and phrases aid in keeping the reader oriented in the sequencing of a story. Some of these phrases are listed here:

Phrases of Concession

Opposing Argument Examples

As you read, look for the following:

• What is the author’s thesis?
• What key points does the author use to argue the thesis?
• How does the author use reasoning, research and/or examples to affirm his viewpoint?
• How does the author attempt to refute opposing arguments?

“The Case Against Torture,” by Alisa Soloman

In  “The Case Against Torture,” author and professor Alisa Soloman enumerate the reasons torture should never be practiced or justified in a civil society.

Click on the link to view the essay:  “The Case Against Torture” by Alisa Soloman

“The Case for Torture” by Michael Levin

In  “The Case for Torture,”  philosophy professor Michael Levin argues the circumstances under which torture may be justified in a civil society.

Click on the link to view the essay:  “The Case for Torture” by Michael Levin

Bias in Writing

Everyone has various biases on any number of topics. For example, you might have a bias toward wearing black instead of brightly colored clothes or wearing jeans rather than formal wear. You might have a bias toward working at night rather than in the morning, or working by deadlines rather than getting tasks done in advance. These examples identify minor biases, of course, but they still indicate preferences and opinions.

Handling bias in writing and in daily life can be a useful skill. It will allow you to articulate your own points of view while also defending yourself against unreasonable points of view. The ideal in persuasive writing is to let your reader know your bias, but do not let that bias blind you to the primary components of good argumentation: sound, thoughtful evidence and a respectful and reasonable address of opposing sides.

The strength of a personal bias is that it can motivate you to construct a strong argument. If you are invested in the topic, you are more likely to care about the piece of writing. Similarly, the more you care, the more time and effort you are apt to put forth and the better the final product will be.

The weakness of bias is when the bias begins to take over the essay—when, for example, you neglect opposing ideas, exaggerate your points, or repeatedly insert yourself ahead of the subject by using Itoo often. Being aware of all three of these pitfalls will help you avoid them.

Key Takeaway

• You should let your reader know your bias, but do not let that bias blind you to the primary components of good argumentation: sound, thoughtful evidence and respectfully and reasonably addressing opposing ideas.

ATTRIBUTIONS

• Content Adapted from Composition II. Authored by : Alexis McMillan-Clifton.  Provided by : Tacoma Community College.  Located at :  http://www.tacomacc.edu .  Project : Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.  License :  CC BY: Attribution

English 102: Journey Into Open Copyright © 2021 by Christine Jones is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book

• Customer Reviews
• Extended Essays
• IB Internal Assessment
• Theory of Knowledge
• Literature Review
• Dissertations
• Essay Writing
• Research Writing
• Assignment Help
• Capstone Projects
• College Application
• Online Class

Addressing Opposing Point of Views in an Argumentative Essay

by  Antony W

January 16, 2023

Argumentative essay writing is about persuading your readers to accept your stand on an issue or subject as being right regardless of their opinion on the topic.

Unlike a college reflection essay and an expository essay , argumentative writing allows you to remain biased and provide your point of view to your audience, provided your arguments are convincingly logical, reasoned, informed, ethical, and ultimately right and persuasive.

However, argumentative essays need more than your ability to present your stance, or claim, and use relevant, objective evidence to defend your position.

You also need to address the opposing point of views in your argument and there are reasons why.

Why Is It Important to Address Opposing Point of Views in an Argumentative Essay?

As you write your argumentative essays, you’ll come across sensible arguments that challenge your very own.

We call these counterclaims , and they’re significant in persuasive essay writing. Remember, you’ve taken a stand on one position, but your readers know that the other position exists.

In some cases, your audience may even prefer the opposing view to yours until you convince them that your point of view is better or more truthful than the position they currently hold.

So it’s important to address the opposing point of view in your argument as a balancing act. It’s understandable that you don’t want to undermine your argument. But you can’t as easily dismiss the validity of the opposing views or ignore them straight outright.

Again, essays that don’t include counterclaims are generally weak and less persuasive.

When reading such an essay, it’s acceptable to make the assumption that you considered only one side of the subject or issue, even if you looked into both areas in the real sense. 

You end up undermining your very own argument, eventually making the essay less effective in communicating your message.

Also by including counterclaims, or the opposing point of views in your argumentative essay, you show your target audience that you invested your time in researching the two sides of an issue.

By doing so, you’re not only able to match your argument to the corresponding counterclaim. You are also able to strengthen your own argument.

When Should Address Opposing Point of Views in an Argumentative Essay?

First address your position on an issue, making sure you provide sufficient objective and reasonable evidence to support your claim. Then, you can work on the counterclaim thereafter.

Of course, you don’t want to go into great details when it comes to addressing the opposing point of views in your essay.

What you have to do instead is to state that you recognize the counterclaim to be accurate, but only to some degree.

Then, you’ll point out what’s wrong with it, using the strongest points or evidence possible so that you don’t weaken your argument.

The Right Way to Address the Opposing Views

When it comes to addressing the opposing point of views in your argumentative essay, you have to do so carefully so that your essay doesn’t end up weak.

The rule of thumb is to be objective and respectful . Also, be distinctive, making sure you make your audience know that this is clearly not your argument. It makes sense to be fair and making sure you address the issue accurately.

Recognizing the opposing point of view isn’t enough. You also have to refute them by showing that your logic clearly supersedes or negates the opposition.

In this case, start with the opposing view, follow that up with a refutation relevant to your argument, and then give concrete evidence to support your refutation.

How to Address Opposing Point of Views in Your Argumentative Essay

Like in a criminal trial, there’s far less conviction and satisfaction if you don’t consider the opposing claims in your argumentative essay.

In other words, you can’t leave objections unanswered and evidence from counterclaims swept under a rag and expect to make your stance convincing.

You have to look into the other side of the issue carefully to convince and satisfy your audience.

1. Research Both Sides of the Argument

We insist on looking at both sides of an argument because your audience may initially not accept your point of view on an issue.

So you need to research both sides before you start to write an argumentative essay .  It’s important that you don’t limit yourself to sympathetic sources.

Instead, find sources that both agree and disagree with your argument. Check the authors’ rationale and implementation of evidence so that you can easily understand the opposing view.

2. Understand the Opposing Point of View

Now that you have a clue on what the opposing point of views look like, you should find out why people would hold those positions in the first place.

Are there evidences they look at to arrive to their conclusions? How exactly do they interpret the evidence?

To put this in another way, understanding the opposing point of views will make it easy for you to figure out why your audience may likely disagree with your argument in the first place.

3. Prove Your Position to Be True

When it comes to dealing with counterarguments in argumentative essay,  the burden of proof is wholly on you. So don’t just state the opposing view, refute them.

Tell your audience that as much as you recognize the counterclaims as true, they have shortcomings that make them generally weak. Use your strongest points to refute those positions.

Include evidence such as quotes from experts, research studies, statistics, and literary materials to back your argument. Don’t leave readers’ excuse to chance.

Final Thoughts

Arguments that look into both sides of an issue are often stronger and convincing.

Balanced and properly articulated, such essays give your argument more strength and draw in the attention of your readers easily.

Even your readers are more than likely to show respect for the efforts you put in place to give your most reasonable views on the issue. And if you can persuade them well, they’ll be more than willing to consider your position on an issue, even if they didn’t agree with you initially. 

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

Opposing Viewpoints and Position Papers

• Introduction
• Background Information
• Databases - Find Articles
• Streaming Media
• Additional Resources

About This Guide

The purpose of this LibGuide is to display resources that will help you respectfully and thoughtfully write papers and create assignments that address topics with opposing viewpoints and varying positions. 

In addressing difficult or divisive topics, let us look to the example of Supreme Court Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Antonin Scalia, who - despite having vastly differing beliefs - maintained a close and respectful friendship. 

"We are two people who are quite different in their core beliefs, but who respect each other's character and ability." - Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, on her friendship with Justice Antonin Scalia

Top 5 Resources

• Gale in Context: Opposing Viewpoints Gale in Context: Opposing Viewpoints covers social issues such as capital punishment, immigration, and marijuana use. This research database supports science, social studies, current events, and language arts classes by providing differing views with the goal of helping learners to develop critical-thinking skills and to draw their own conclusions about issues. Gale in Context: Opposing Viewpoints is also recommended for debaters and includes frequently studied and debated issues, pro/con viewpoints, reference articles, interactive maps, and infographics.
• Social Issues POWERSEARCH This link opens in a new window The Social Issues PowerSearch searches the following databases simultaneously: Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts , Sociological Abstracts , Worldwide Political Science Abstracts , Social Services Abstracts , and PAIS International .
• Race Relations Abstracts Race Relations Abstracts contains thousands of bibliographic records from various magazines and journals relevant to the study of race relations.
• Access World News Research Collection Access World News Research Collection covers news and current events on the local, regional, national, and international levels. Access thousands of newspapers, blogs, newswires, journals, broadcast transcripts, and videos. The library subscription includes Dallas Morning News, Dallas Metropolitan Collection, Arlington Morning News, and multiple news sources from across Texas.

Relevant Guides

• Next: Sources >>
• Last Updated: Oct 30, 2023 3:12 PM
• URL: https://libguides.utdallas.edu/opposing-viewpoints-and-position-papers

• Research Guides

Opposing Viewpoints

• Quick Start
• How to Search
• Search Limiters
• Advanced Searches
• Work With Your Results
• Additional Help
• Citation This link opens in a new window
• Plagiarism This link opens in a new window
• What is Opposing Viewpoints?
• How do I get There?
• Databases vs. the Internet
• Choosing a Topic
• Viewpoint Essays

Opposing Viewpoints is a great database if you are writing an argument/persuasive paper, or if you doing research on a current and controversial topic.

A database is just a big, digital collection of records with a search interface, allowing you to search a large collection of information quickly for records that match your search criteria.

In the case of Opposing Viewpoints and many of our other databases, the records are individual articles from printed magazines, newspapers, and journals (sometimes called 'academic journals' or 'scholarly journals'). In addition to articles, you'll also find images, videos, statistics, audio files, and more.

Let's say you have an assignment that requires you to find an article that fits certain conditions: published in a scholarly journal, published within the last five years, etc. With Opposing Viewpoints, you can easily limit your search to make sure your results fit all of your assignment criteria.

Use the 'Search Limiters' tab in this guide to find out how to use the Advanced Search screen to your advantage.

• Access the Databases This handout details how find the databases on the library website.

Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints is an online library of current event topics: the facts as well as the arguments of each topic's proponents and detractors. Opposing Viewpoints' unique features include viewpoint article frameworks that allow students to explore each topic's many facets and exclusive electronic access to Thomson Gale's Information Plus series featuring statistics and government data placed in context.  HELP SHEET | VIDEO TUTORIAL

The databases are the best place to start looking for articles, for many reasons:

They have more stuff:  

• You can't find everything on the Web with a Google search. Many scholarly articles and publications are not available for free online, and can only be accessed through subscription databases like the ones we offer at SanJac.

They're reliable:

• Using websites for research can be risky if you don't thoroughly evaluate web sources for accuracy, substance, authority, currency, and other considerations. When you use sources from the databases for your research, you can be confident you are using vetted, scholarly sources.

They make it easy to limit your results:

• The database makes it easy to limit your results to articles that fit your assignment criteria, such as articles from a journal, or articles less than two years' old. Use the Limit Your Results tab in this guide for tips.

They're free:

• If you search for articles using Google or Yahoo, you may be asked to pay for the full text of an article. You will never be charged for an article in the library databases. Even if you find an article that we don't have full-text access to through the databases, the librarians can always order it for you - free of charge - through interlibrary loan.

They have great features:

• The databases have student-friendly features that websites don't have, like citation formatting, free account and folder features, search alerts, and email features. For more information on these features, check out the "Working with Your Results" tab in this guide. 

They're convenient:

• Search the databases 24 hours a day from wherever you have Internet access.

There are a couple of different ways you can use Opposing Viewpoints to choose a topic.

1. If you don't have an idea of what you want to write about or speak on, then the Browse Issues button is for you. Clicking on Browse Issues will bring up an alphabetical list of broad topics covered by the database.

When you choose a topic this way, you'll see a webpage with lots of resources collected devoted to that topic. You can look at the resources according to the type (magazines, academic journals, etc.), or you can click on the 'Search within page' box on the right to type in a more specific keyword to your topic.

2. If the topic you want isn't listed under Browse Issues, use the search box on the main screen to see if there's a topic page for an issue you're interested in. You can type in a search phrase, and the database will suggest some other terms. Click on any of those, or just hit "Search" to see what is available on the topic you typed in.

When you search the Opposing Viewpoints database, one of the first things you'll see come up in your search results are Featured Viewpoints and  Viewpoints:

So what is a Viewpoints essay, and how is it different from other things you'll find in this database?

Viewpoints essays argue about a topic from a clear standpoint or side of the issue. Usually you'll find two of them relating the same issue, but arguing from two different points of  view. In this way, the purpose of Viewpoints are to give a balanced perspective to controversial topics :

So if you're writing a persuasive/argument paper, you could use one Viewpoint essay to provide support for your side of the argument, and the counterpoint Viewpoint essay for ideas on refuting opposing arguments.

Viewpoints essays are not periodicals like magazine, newspaper, or journal articles that are published regularly for a general or scholarly audience.

Viewpoints essays are written or compiled by the staff at Gale, the company that publishes the book series and the database. Sometimes they are reprints of articles or reports:

Viewpoints in the database are the same as chapters you'd find in the Opposing Viewpoints book series.  We have nearly 500 of them across all three libraries , so you may have run across them before. If you find a book in our library catalog that's part of the Opposing Viewpoints series, and the book is checked out or missing, you could try to find the same content in the database.  

If you are using the Opposing Viewpoints database in order to look for Viewpoints essays  only , there's an easy way to narrow your search. At the searchbox at the top right of the homepage, click on "Viewpoints" instead of "All," and enter your search terms:

Now your search results will  only be Viewpoints essays (not any of the other types of sources you can find in this database). If you have too many, use the limiting options on the left to make your search results more specific to your topic:

A word of caution: some professors think Viewpoints are OK to use as sources for research papers, and some professors do not. Always check your assignment and with your professor to make sure you know what sources will be accepted for your own research paper.

• << Previous: Quick Start
• Next: How to Search >>
• Last Updated: Aug 8, 2024 7:54 AM
• URL: https://sjcd.libguides.com/opposingviewpoints

https://www.sanjac.edu/library | Central Library: 281-476-1850 | Generation Park Campus: 281-998-6150 x8133 | North Library: 281-459-7116 | South Library: 281-998-6150 ext. 3306

Opposing Viewpoints: Database Tips

• Search Support
• Writing Help
• Platform Tools
• Video Tutorials and Webinars

Access Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints

Gale in Context: Opposing Viewpoints

Gale In Co n text: Opposing Viewpoints is a database with content about today's hottest social issues, from capital punishment to immigration to marijuana. This database supports science, social studies, current events, and language arts research. Informed, differing views help us practice critical-thinking skills and draw new conclusions.

Opposing Viewpoints includes viewpoints, reference articles, infographics, news, images, video, audio, and more . A category on the National Debate Topic provides quick and easy access to content on frequently studied and discussed issues. Periodical content covers current events, news and commentary, economics, environmental issues, political science, and more.

Access Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints by clicking the icon below:

What is a Viewpoint in this database?

Each viewpoint essay starts with an  Article Commentary  that includes information about the essay's  author(s) , position summary, main points, and questions to consider. Having this information at the start sets you up to be a critical thinker.

It's important to know the credentials of the author, their expertise, and potential biases in order to assess their credibility and understand why they take the perspective that they do. The brief position summary and  questions to consider  offer you a preview and help to focus your thinking as you read the essay.  (definition taken from South College)

In the Article Commentary highlighted in blue, you can find the authors credentials and affiliations to help you, the reader, evaluate any potential bias in this essay

You'll also find  questions to consider  with each viewpoint essay, These questions are designed to focus your reading. They help you make deeper connections between ideas, consider what you believe, and actively apply the information you are learning. 

• Next: Search Support >>
• Last Updated: Mar 6, 2024 12:38 PM
• URL: https://libguides.citytech.cuny.edu/opposingviewpoints

• How It Works
• Prices & Discounts

The Power of Opposing Views in Crafting Effective Arguments in Your Essay

Table of contents

Share this article

Achieve Academic Success with Expert Assistance!

Crafted from Scratch for You.

Ensuring Your Work’s Originality.

Transform Your Draft into Excellence.

Perfecting Your Paper’s Grammar, Style, and Format (APA, MLA, etc.).

Calculate the cost of your paper

Get ideas for your essay

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• How to write an argumentative essay | Examples & tips

How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.

You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.

The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.

Argumentative writing at college level

At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.

In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.

Examples of argumentative essay prompts

At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.

Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.

• Don’t just list all the effects you can think of.
• Do develop a focused argument about the overall effect and why it matters, backed up by evidence from sources.
• Don’t just provide a selection of data on the measures’ effectiveness.
• Do build up your own argument about which kinds of measures have been most or least effective, and why.
• Don’t just analyze a random selection of doppelgänger characters.
• Do form an argument about specific texts, comparing and contrasting how they express their thematic concerns through doppelgänger characters.

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

• Academic style
• Vague sentences
• Style consistency

See an example

An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.

There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

Toulmin arguments

The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:

• Make a claim
• Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim
• Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim)
• Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives

The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.

Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:

• Claim that unconscious bias training does not have the desired results, and resources would be better spent on other approaches
• Cite data to support your claim
• Explain how the data indicates that the method is ineffective
• Anticipate objections to your claim based on other data, indicating whether these objections are valid, and if not, why not.

Rogerian arguments

The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:

• Discuss what the opposing position gets right and why people might hold this position
• Highlight the problems with this position
• Present your own position , showing how it addresses these problems
• Suggest a possible compromise —what elements of your position would proponents of the opposing position benefit from adopting?

This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.

Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:

• Acknowledge that students rely too much on websites like Wikipedia
• Argue that teachers view Wikipedia as more unreliable than it really is
• Suggest that Wikipedia’s system of citations can actually teach students about referencing
• Suggest critical engagement with Wikipedia as a possible assignment for teachers who are skeptical of its usefulness.

You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.

Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .

Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.

Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.

In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.

Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.

This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.

Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services

Discover proofreading & editing

An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.

No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.

Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.

The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

College essays

• Choosing Essay Topic
• Write a College Essay
• Write a Diversity Essay
• College Essay Format & Structure
• Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay

 (AI) Tools

• Grammar Checker
• Paraphrasing Tool
• Text Summarizer
• AI Detector
• Plagiarism Checker
• Citation Generator

An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.

In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, July 23). How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips. Scribbr. Retrieved September 9, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/argumentative-essay/

Is this article helpful?

Jack Caulfield

Other students also liked, how to write a thesis statement | 4 steps & examples, how to write topic sentences | 4 steps, examples & purpose, how to write an expository essay, "i thought ai proofreading was useless but..".

I've been using Scribbr for years now and I know it's a service that won't disappoint. It does a good job spotting mistakes”

Essay Papers Writing Online

The importance of writing argumentative essays in education.

If you want to create a convincing argumentative essay, follow these essential steps:

1. Choose a Controversial Topic: Select a topic that sparks debate and has two opposing sides.

2. Research Thoroughly: Gather credible sources to support your arguments and counterarguments.

3. Develop a Strong Thesis: Clearly state your position in a concise and debatable thesis statement.

4. Outline Your Argument: Organize your points logically and plan the structure of your essay.

5. Write with Conviction: Craft each paragraph with strong evidence and persuasive language.

6. Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge opposing views and refute them to strengthen your argument.

7. Conclude Effectively: Summarize your key points and leave a lasting impression on your readers.

Follow these steps to create a compelling argumentative essay that will engage your audience and showcase your writing skills.

Understanding the Topic

Before you start writing your argumentative essay, it is crucial to fully grasp the topic you are dealing with. Take the time to research and gather information about the issue from reliable sources. This will help you form a solid foundation for your arguments and ensure that you have a thorough understanding of the subject matter.

When analyzing the topic, consider different perspectives and viewpoints that exist around it. Identify the key components of the issue and determine the main arguments that are being made. This will enable you to present a well-rounded view in your essay and address potential counterarguments effectively.

Additionally, it is essential to define the scope of the topic and establish the boundaries of your argument. Be specific and focused in your approach to avoid ambiguity and ensure clarity in your writing. By understanding the topic thoroughly, you will be better equipped to craft a compelling argumentative essay that engages readers and persuades them to consider your point of view.

Researching Key Points

Once you have chosen a topic for your argumentative essay, the next step is to research key points that will support your argument. This involves conducting thorough research to gather evidence and data that will strengthen your position.

Identify Reliable Sources: Start by identifying credible sources such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites. Make sure to use sources that are current and relevant to your topic.

Analyze and Evaluate Information: As you gather information, critically analyze and evaluate the sources to determine their credibility and reliability. Consider the author’s credentials, the publication date, and any potential biases.

Organize Your Research: Create an outline or a structured plan to organize your research findings. This will help you stay focused and ensure that you include all the necessary information in your essay.

Take Notes: While researching key points, take detailed notes to keep track of important information and ideas. Note down key statistics, quotes, and arguments that you can use to support your thesis.

Use Different Perspectives: Explore different perspectives on the topic to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issue. Consider counterarguments and opposing viewpoints to address them effectively in your essay.

Stay Objective: It’s important to remain impartial and objective during the research process. Base your arguments on facts and evidence rather than personal opinions or emotions.

By thoroughly researching key points, you can develop a strong argumentative essay that persuasively presents your position on the topic.

Present the Key Arguments: In the body of your argumentative essay, elaborate on your main points. Each paragraph should focus on a single argument and provide supporting evidence or examples to back it up. Make sure to address opposing views and counterarguments to strengthen your stance.

Logical Organization: Structure your essay in a logical manner by following a clear progression of ideas. Start with an introduction that introduces the topic and presents your thesis statement. Then, develop your arguments in the body paragraphs, ensuring a smooth transition between each point. Conclude the essay with a strong summary that reinforces your main arguments.

Evidence and Examples: Support each argument with relevant evidence and examples to make your points convincing and persuasive. Use credible sources, statistics, quotations, and real-life examples to back up your claims. Make sure to explain how the evidence supports your argument to make your essay more compelling.

Engage the Reader: Keep your audience engaged by using varied sentence structures, transitions, and vivid language. Use persuasive techniques such as rhetorical questions, anecdotes, and emotional appeals to capture the reader’s attention and make your essay more impactful.

Creating a Thesis Statement

One of the most crucial elements of crafting a compelling argumentative essay is creating a strong thesis statement. Your thesis statement is the central argument that you will be defending or proving throughout your essay. It should be clear, concise, and specific, setting the tone for the rest of your paper.

When crafting your thesis statement, make sure to clearly state your position on the topic and provide a brief overview of the main points you will be discussing to support your argument. Avoid vague or general statements and strive to make your thesis statement debatable and thought-provoking.

Remember that your thesis statement should guide the reader through your essay, providing a roadmap for what to expect and highlighting the key points you will be addressing. It is the foundation upon which your argumentative essay will be built, so take the time to craft a compelling and effective thesis statement that will set the stage for a persuasive essay.

Structuring the Essay

When structuring an argumentative essay, it is important to follow a clear and logical format. A well-structured essay will help you present your arguments effectively and persuade your audience. Here are some key steps to structuring your argumentative essay:

• Introduction: Start with a strong introduction that provides background information on the topic and clearly states your thesis statement.
• Body Paragraphs: Organize your arguments in separate paragraphs. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point and include evidence to support your argument.
• Counterarguments: Acknowledge opposing views in your essay and counter them with compelling evidence and logical reasoning.
• Conclusion: Summarize your key points and restate your thesis in the conclusion. Leave your readers with a strong closing statement that highlights the importance of your argument.

By structuring your essay in this way, you can effectively communicate your ideas and persuade your audience to agree with your viewpoint. Remember to use clear and concise language throughout your essay to make your argument compelling and convincing.

Developing Arguments

With a clear understanding of your topic and a strong thesis statement in place, the next step is to develop compelling arguments to support your position. Here are some key strategies to help you build a convincing argumentative essay:

By following these steps and crafting strong arguments, you can create a compelling argumentative essay that persuades your readers and effectively conveys your viewpoint.

Related Post

How to master the art of writing expository essays and captivate your audience, convenient and reliable source to purchase college essays online, step-by-step guide to crafting a powerful literary analysis essay, unlock success with a comprehensive business research paper example guide, unlock your writing potential with writers college – transform your passion into profession, “unlocking the secrets of academic success – navigating the world of research papers in college”, master the art of sociological expression – elevate your writing skills in sociology.

• News and articles
• Find us Find nearest IDP offices IDP Australia IDP Bahrain IDP Bangladesh IDP Cambodia IDP China IDP Egypt IDP Ghana IDP Hong Kong IDP India IDP Indonesia IDP Iran IDP Jordan IDP Kenya IDP Korea IDP Kuwait IDP Lebanon IDP Malaysia IDP Mauritius IDP Middle East IDP Nepal IDP New Zealand IDP Nigeria IDP Oman IDP Pakistan IDP Philippines IDP Saudi Arabia IDP Singapore IDP Sri Lanka IDP Taiwan IDP Thailand IDP Turkey IDP UAE IDP Vietnam IDP Corporate
• English English Simplified Chinese
• Study in Canada
• What is educational counselling
• How does counselling work?
• Why work with IDP
• Meet the counsellors
• Get support with Arrive & Thrive
• IDP Live App
• Popular programs accepting students
• Refer a friend
• Life in Canada
• Provincial guides British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island
• What students in Canada have to say
• Cost of living calculator
• Find a course
• Choosing the right course
• Fastlane courses
• Find a Scholarship
• University Rankings - THE
• University Rankings - CUG
• What is IELTS?
• Why take IELTS with IDP?
• How to prepare for IELTS
• Book an IELTS test
• Immigration services
• Find nearest IDP offices
• IDP Australia
• IDP Bahrain
• IDP Bangladesh
• IDP Cambodia
• IDP Hong Kong
• IDP Indonesia
• IDP Lebanon
• IDP Malaysia
• IDP Mauritius
• IDP Middle East
• IDP New Zealand
• IDP Nigeria
• IDP Pakistan
• IDP Philippines
• IDP Saudi Arabia
• IDP Singapore
• IDP Sri Lanka
• IDP Thailand
• IDP Vietnam
• IDP Corporate
• Language Switcher
• English - US
• Simplified Chinese

From inspiring a global mindset to enhancing your career prospects, studying abroad opens doors for a world of opportunities. 

Lost in a maze of choices and don't know where to begin? IDP helps you navigate study abroad options with ease.

Now that you’ve shortlisted your dream course and university, get a head start with our expert tools and support to fast-track your application process.

Got an offer from a university you applied to? Now, let's help you take the next steps towards making your study abroad dream a reality.

Ready to embark on your study abroad adventure? Let’s help set you up for the journey ahead.

Touch down in your new home and pave your own path to success. Learn how to make the most of your study abroad experience.

• IDP Education /
• A simple formula for discus...

A simple formula for discussing two opposing views in your IELTS essay

On this page.

Topics covered

Once you know the kinds of tasks you might face, it’s possible to make a general outline or map for each into which you can organize your ideas. Having an outline will give you some breathing room to focus on your answer during this time sensitive test as you only have about 40 minutes to write the essay.

Those of you who have been preparing already know that there are 4 question types that often appear on the exam*.

*Note, most other essays ask direct questions (usually 2) about a subject and you should answer each of those questions in separate paragraphs making sure you include an introduction and conclusion. They will likely be some form of the above essays.

** I have already provided a simple formula for agree/disagree essays here .

In this blog we will look at how to organize discussion essays or essays that present two opposing views and ask for your opinion. This sample outline isn’t the definitive or only way to put a discussion essay together, but I hope that by looking at the example, you will see the basic essentials of an essay format (introduction, body, conclusion, including support/examples) and understand, generally, what to do in order to get the score you need to succeed.

CAUTION: Before we begin, you should remember that when you are asked to discuss two opposing views, you must put yourself in the shoes of the people who hold each opinion - seeing the issue from both sides of the fence. If you don’t, you will limit your score.

Now, while you look at the response to the following task, see if you can identify what each sentence does before you look at the outline below.

Some people believe that the best way to control accidents on city streets is to lower the speed limit but others think there are more important issues that need attention before roads can be safe.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Paragraph One – Introduction

Here is the map or outline explaining how the above essay was created:

Paragraph Two – Body

Paragraph Three – Body

Paragraph Four – Body

Paragraph Five – Conclusion

In this example, the opinion of the writer is different than the two given opinions but it is also possible to agree with one or both of the opinions provided as well. In this case, you would use the same outline and give further or different support in the fourth paragraph.

Here is a template for the discussion essay that you can use to help you practice and learn how to organize your ideas for the exam.

More essay formulas to come! I hope you find them useful. Good luck and have fun with your preparations.

DISCUSSION ESSAY – 5 PARAGRAPH FORMULA TEMPLATE

Paragraph One - Introduction

Sentence 1: ___________________________________________________________________________ Introduce the main subject.

Sentence 2: ___________________________________________________________________________ State the two opposing views.

Sentence 3: ___________________________________________________________________________ State your opinion in the matter.

Sentence 4: ___________________________________________________________________________ Briefly outline what you are going to write about in the paragraphs that follow.

Paragraphs Two and Three and Four– the Body of Support

Sentence 1 (topic sentence): ___________________________________________________________________________ Tell the reader what this paragraph is about by stating the first view point.

Sentence 2: ___________________________________________________________________________ Assume that the reader doesn’t know anything about this topic and discuss why some people might have this view.

Sentence 3: ___________________________________________________________________________ Give a real life or made up example that supports this view.

Paragraph Three – Repeat the above for the other viewpoint

Sentence 1 (topic sentence): ___________________________________________________________________________ Tell the reader what this paragraph is about by stating the second view point.

Paragraph Four – Repeat above for your viewpoint

Sentence 1 (topic sentence): ___________________________________________________________________________ Tell the reader what this paragraph is about by stating your view point (whether you have a different opinion OR you agree with one more than the other OR how you might agree with both).

Sentence 2: ___________________________________________________________________________ Discuss why you have this view.

Sentence 3: ___________________________________________________________________________ Give a real life or made up example that supports your view.

Sentence 1: ___________________________________________________________________________ Rephrase or summarize the different opinions on the topic.

Sentence 2: ___________________________________________________________________________ State which opinion is better or more important in your view.

By Angela Rutherford

One account for all your study abroad needs

Create your profile and unlock a wide array of features including personalised recommendations, fast-tracked applications and much more.

Book your IELTS test

Watch the story of lifelong dreams, passion and determination that truly reflects the journey of our IELTS test takers. IELTS is the breakthrough to a world of full of incredible.

Related articles

How to write an apology letter

• June 07, 2024

Do Native English-Speakers Have to Take the IELTS Test?

IELTS Academic vs General Training: What’s the Difference?

Is the IELTS exam really that hard?

Expand your IELTS vocabulary - Transportation

Eight Ways to Improve Your IELTS Listening Score

Common Task 2 topics

Expand your IELTS Vocabulary – Environment

Why Have My IELTS Results Been Delayed?

What are the Best Marketing Schools for International Students Studying in Canada?

Search for articles.

Dive into our extensive collection of articles by using our comprehensive topic search tool.

Feeling stuck? Let our expert counsellor help you.

Can't decide on the university and course? Our experienced counsellors are here to guide and support you through each stage of your study abroad journey. Reach out today!

Library Tutorials

• Library Resources How-To Videos
• How to use GALILEO
• How to use ABI/INFORM Complete
• How to use Academic Search Complete
• How to use ACM Digital Library
• How to use African American Biographical Database
• How to use American Antiquarian Society (AAS) Historical Periods Collection
• How to use Ancestry Library Edition
• How to use Business Source Complete
• How to use CINAHL Complete
• How to use Civil Rights Digital Library
• How to use Cochrane Library
• How to use CQ Researcher Plus Archive
• How to use Credo Reference
• How to use Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
• How to use eBooks on EBSCOhost (GALILEO)
• How to use ERIC
• How to use Films on Demand
• How to use Films on Demand Nursing Collection
• How to use Georgia Historic Newspapers Archive
• How to use JSTOR
• How to use Literary Reference Center
• How to use Literature Online (LION)
• How to use Literature Resource Center
• How to use MEDLINE with Full Text
• How to use MLA International Bibliography
• How to use NoveList K-8 Plus
• How to use NoveList Plus
• How to use Opposing Viewpoints in Context
• How to use Project Muse
• How to use ProQuest Central
• How to use ProQuest Ebook Central
• How to use ProQuest News & Newspapers
• How to use ProQuest Research Companion
• How to use R2 Digital Library (Electronic Nursing Books)
• How to use Statistical Abstract of the United States
• How to find a Journal
• How to request a book from another MGA library
• How to request a book from another USG instititution (GIL-Express)
• Research Tutorials
• Return to Research Guide Home

What is Opposing Viewpoints?

Traditionally available as a series of books, Opposing Viewpoints in Context is now available as a database. This series presents both sides of arguments on controversial topics and provides a complete one-stop source for information on social issues. Access viewpoint articles, topic overviews, statistics, primary documents, links to websites, and full-text magazine and newspaper articles.

• Coverage Dates: varies
• Update Frequency: varies
• Audience: College students, High School students, Teachers

(Information from GALILEO)

Direct Link to Opposing Viewpoints

• Opposing Viewpoints in Context Presents various sides of controversial topics and social issues. Full text.

Opposing Viewpoints Materials

• Opposing Viewpoints Search Tips
• Opposing Viewpoints Video Tutorials

Opposing Viewpoints Video Resources

• Opposing Viewpoints Overview/Tutorial

Search Results

Topic Pages and Documents

• Where to Start When You Need a Research Topic

Opposing Viewpoints Tutorial

Opposing Viewpoints Basics

Where to Start a Research Project?

• << Previous: How to use NoveList Plus
• Next: How to use Project Muse >>
• Last Updated: Jul 25, 2024 10:15 AM
• URL: https://guides.mga.edu/tutorials

478-471-2709 for the Macon campus library | 478-934-3179 for the Roberts Memorial Library at the Cochran campus | 478-275-6772 for the Dublin campus library

478-374-6833 for the Eastman campus library | 478-929-6804 for the Warner Robins campus library | On the Go? Text-A-Librarian: 478-285-4898

Middle Georgia State University Library

Book an Appointment With a Librarian

• Last Updated: Aug 29, 2024 10:04 AM
• Clark College Libraries
• Research Guides
• Find Opposing Views (Pros and Cons)
• Find Articles & Books

Find Opposing Views (Pros and Cons): Find Articles & Books

• Basic Search Tips
• Advanced Search Tips
• Pro-Con Websites

Focus Words: The Secret to Finding Opposing Viewpoints

The secret to finding articles on opposite sides of an issue are to include focus words in your search. Focus words are just words will zoom in on specific viewpoints, or look for articles that discuss controversies.

The example shows searching the topic words climate change and the focus word controversy :

 Use the lists below to find focus words that looks useful for your topic and try them. Be aware that controversial topics are often tied to political opinions or agendas.

Find Articles in Magazines, Journals & Newspapers

Good databases to start with:.

Weekly articles focusing in-depth on a single "hot topic" issue.

Weekly articles focusing in-depth on a single "hot topic" issue. Topics are taken from the headlines and include social, political, environmental, health, education, science and technology issues. URL: https://cqpress-sagepub-com.clarkcollege.idm.oclc.org/cqresearcher/

Articles from journals, magazines, and newspapers for all academic disciplines.

Articles from journals, magazines, and newspapers for all academic disciplines. This collection includes the following full-text content, in addition to thousands of searchable cited resources: 3,618 active, full-text, non-open access journals and magazines 3,099 active, full-text, peer-reviewed, non-open access journals 1,298 active, full-text, peer-reviewed, non-open access journals with no embargo 2,444 active, full-text, non-open access journals indexed in Web of Science or Scopus  This database is hosted on EBSCO platform and includes Academic Search Premier. URL: https://clarkcollege.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://research-ebsco-com.clarkcollege.idm.oclc.org/c/vqwdh7/search/advanced/filters?db=a9h

Articles from academic journals, popular magazines, and newspapers.

Articles from academic journals, popular magazines, and newspapers. By default this ProQuest link searches Research Library, Family Health Database, National Newspapers, and ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry; full text and graphics available. Explore ProQuest's Youtube Channel for a series of training videos. URL: https://clarkcollege.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/advanced

Focus Words

• Conservative Viewpoint
• Liberal Viewpoint

conservative conservative opinions evangelical GOP political right republican right wing

democrat left wing liberal liberal opinions political left

The library has specific books that cover hot topics and pro/con arguments. Search for your topic and one of the series names:

• Opposing Viewpoints
• Current Controversies
• Taking Sides

• Next: Basic Search Tips >>
• URL: https://clark.libguides.com/find-opposing-views

facebook   twitter   blog youtube maps

Online Resources: Opposing Viewpoints

• Blackboard Access
• Library Website Access
• Business Insights
• Medical Subject Headings
• Search Ebook Central
• Book Details
• Read Online
• Print to PDF
• Cite Ebook Central
• Book Annotations
• Full Download
• Chapter Download
• Accessibility
• Move ebrary Bookshelf to Ebook Central Bookshelf
• EBSCO: Business Searching Interface
• Films on Demand
• Gale Academic OneFile
• Opposing Viewpoints
• Chronicle of Higher Education
• Leadership Quarterly
• Searching Westlaw
• Headnotes and Key Numbers

About Opposing Viewpoints

Opposing viewpoints in context.

Opposing Viewpoints is an online library of current event topics.  It is useful for all majors for finding information on contemporary social issues such as censorship, immigration, stem cell research, terrorism and many more.  The sources in this database allow you to explore the various sides of an issue. 

You can search by keywords in Opposing Viewpoints, but the easiest way to get started is to use the Browse Issues feature.

The contents include:

• Pro and con viewpoint articles, especially helpful for debate assignments and persuasive essays.
• Full-text magazines, academic journals, and newspapers.
• Statistical tables, charts and graphs.
• Podcasts, including NPR programs .

Accessing Opposing Viewpoints

Do I have to log in?

If you are using a campus computer or campus WiFi, you should be able to directly access the resource. If you are off-campus, you  will be prompted to log in using your Single Sign-On username and password. Contact the library if you have any problems accessing the resource.

Searching in Opposing Viewpoints

Basic Search :

Click the “ Browse Issues ” button (placement will vary depending on how large your screen is, as shown in above examples) to browse the topic list of subjects, OR

You may do a specific search by entering a term(s) in the search box.  A search assist function suggests topics as you type in a search term. Topic pages will appear in bold and italicized.

Advanced Search : This search allows you to search in multiple fields, like article title, subject, author, or company name. Add rows to your search to make it as specific as you want. You can also limit this type of search by document type, date, and source type.

Learn the basics about how to navigate Opposing Viewpoints by watching Gale's video:

Search Results

When you conduct a search, in the top section of your results page, you'll find a breakdown of all of the types of content the search found and the number of each type of content. Click on a content type (e.g. Videos) to go directly to those resources. 

Scroll through the center section of the page to view each of the titles your search returned, grouped by type.  In addition to the title, the source (e.g. NPR Morning Edition) and date of each item are also listed.  Dates can be very important if you're looking for the most recent information on your topic.

You also have the ability, on this page, to limit (reduce the number of) your results to Full Text Documents (you can read the entire document in the database) as well as apply other limiters (e.g. Date Published, Subjects) using the buttons on the right side of the page under the heading "Filter Your Results."

If you select a topic from the Browse Issues list, you will be taken to the topic page for the selected issue (see below).

Topic Pages in Opposing Viewpoints

When you select a topic from the Browse Issues list, you will be directed to the topic page. Topic pages include an overview article on the topic and links to relevant resources about the issue.

You can connect to many of these types of resources from a topic page:

• Position essays (Viewpoints)
• News stories
• Academic journals
• Podcasts (audio)
• Related topics
• Reference materials

Using Opposing Viewpoints: Finding and Narrowing a Topic

Opposing Viewpoints is also a good place to start your research or to find a topic.

This video will help you narrow your topic and select sources.

Library Database References

• Ebook Central
• Films On Demand
• Gale & Opposing Viewpoints

**When using a generated citation, you must double check it for accuracy! It’s not unusual for a database to have an error in a citation!**

Database information is typically not included in most references because sources can be found in multiple platforms. The goal of a citation is to allow the reader to find the source, not to tell them how to find the source . Meaning a particular article may be found in Ebsco, or Gale, on the publisher's website. Database information is only included if they have "original, proprietary content and works of limited circulation" (Business Insights, Proquest dissertations & theses, Cochrane database of systematic reviews). URLs are usually not included because the reader would need to login to access the source, but your professor may request that you include them.

The citation tool above results in this for an article:

Peters, R., & Quinn, M. (2018). Agrowtopia: Cultivating Community, Consciousness and Capital on Campus. Journal of Case Studies , 36 (3). Retrieved from https://bi.gale.com/global/article/GALE|A597895516/48398b0d65e763958fb4d0e51125f445?u=centpenn_itc1#

The correct citation will not include the database information because the article can be found in other databases or through an online search. If there were a DOI, the DOI url would be included. If there were page numbers, they would be included after the issue number. Since there isn't a DOI, or page numbers, and the URL would take the reader to a login page the URL is not included. The reference ends after the volume number.

Peters, R., & Quinn, M. (2018). Agrowtopia: Cultivating community, consciousness and capital on campus. Journal of Case Studies, 36 (3).

In Business Insights there is a good chance you will be retrieving items that are not articles, but reports and other data. These sources do not have the citation tool option. These reports might not be found elsewhere so the name of the database is included, along with the retrieval date if they update over time and are not archived.

Author. (Year, Month day of publication). Title of the report [Type of report]. Database name .

OR , if the content updates and you should include the retrieval date:

Author. (Year, Month day of publication). Title of the report [Type of report]. Retrieved date, from Database name.

For example:

GlobalData. (2019, March). Starbucks Corp - Financial and strategic analysis review.  Business Insights.

New Constructs. (2022, February 19). Meta Platforms Inc. (FB) [Investment report]. Retrieved March 11, 2022, from Business Insights.

Starbucks Corp. [Company profile]. (2019). Business Insights. Retrieved February 13, 2020, from Business Insights.

McDonald's Corp. (2020).  [McDonald's Corp. interim - last 5 periods Income statement] . Retrieved February 18, 2020, from Business Insights.

** When using a generated citation, you must double check it for accuracy! It’s not unusual for a database to have an error in a citation!**

Database information is not included in most references because sources can be found in multiple platforms. The goal of a citation is to allow the reader to find the source, not to tell them how to find the source . Meaning a particular article may be found in Ebsco, or Gale, on the publisher's website. Database information is only included if they have "original, proprietary content and works of limited circulation" (Proquest dissertations & theses, Cochrane database of systematic reviews). URLs are not included because the reader would need to login to access the source.

In Credo, either use the citation tool at the top of the page or find the APA citation following each entry.

Copy and paste the citation, and then make any necessary corrections.

This is how a citation from a reference work is generally structured.

Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work (edition). Publisher name.

This is what the copied citation looks like using the citation tools in Credo:

Almost correct, but it does not need the URL in 7th edition APA. This is how it should look:

Posluszny, D., Spencer, S., & Baum, A. (2007). Post-traumatic stress disorder. In S. Ayers, A. Baum, C. McManus, & et. al. (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

The following example, is if there is no author.

Hormone therapy. (2016). In Merriam Webster's Medical Dictionary . Merriam-Webster. 

Book and ebook citations are treated the same. They require the following elements: author(s), year of publication, book title, book edition (if applicable), and publisher name. Ebook Central does not need to be listed as the database.

Author's last name, initials. (year of publication).  Title of book: With only capitalization of first word of title and subtitle and any proper nouns. Publisher. DOI or URL

Change the format in the drop-down box to APA. The citation ends after the publisher's name because there is no DOI and the URL will not work without logging in. "Dark Knight" is one of Batman's most well-known nicknames, and the name Batman is also a proper noun, so all three words should be capitalized. You also don't need to include the business structure information (Limited). The corrected citation is:

Brooker, W. (2012). Hunting the Dark Knight: Twenty-first century Batman. I.B. Tauris & Company.

Database information is not included in most references because sources can be found in multiple platforms. The goal of a citation is to allow the reader to find the source, not to tell them how to find the source . Meaning a particular article may be found in Ebsco, or Gale, on the publisher's website. Database information is only included if they have "original, proprietary content and works of limited circulation" (Proquest dissertations & theses, Cochrane database of systematic reviews). URLs are usually not included because the reader would need to login to access the source.

When you click the Cite tool button the popup screen provides citations in a variety of styles. Scroll down to find the APA citation. Copy & paste it into your paper and then correct it for 7th edition style if necessary. Articles should follow this format:

Author's last name, first initial. middle initial. (Year). Title of article.  Title of Journal, volume# (issue#), pages-pages. DOI or URL

In the example below, the first word of the subtitle (after the colon) should be capitalized, but the 'of' in the Journal title should not be.

Corrected citation:

Dury, R. (2016). COPD and emotional distress: Not always noticed and therefore untreated. British Journal of Community Nursing , 21 (3), 138–141. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2016.21.3.138

Business reports are treated differently because these reports might not be found elsewhere; in this situation the name of the database is included. If the information updates over time and is not be archived, include the retrieval date.

Citation example of corrected MarketLine report in Business Source Premier:

MarketLine. (2019, October 28). Company profile: Netflix, Inc. Business source Premier .

[You'll find the date on the first page of the PDF, bottom left.]

Films on Demand does have a Citation tool available directly below the video frame. 

HOWEVER--Films on Demand citations for APA are usually incomplete and should not include a URL (APA citations should only have a retrieval date if the content might change).

You can start with the citation from Films on Demand, but you will need to correct it and finish it yourself with help from a style guide, a librarian, and/or your professor.

Here is an example citation from a Films on Demand video:

As you can see, the video director or producer is missing.  However, that information is easily available in the database. 

In the image below you can see, in the Details section, that the video producer is Java Films. 

A correct APA citation for this film would be:

Java Films (Producer). (2014). The mobile revolution [Video]. 

Many videos in Films on Demand are divided into segments, and sometimes you might only use a segment in a project/presentation. 

To cite a segment: Add the segment name and number to the citation

Java Films (Producer). (2014). Disruptive technology [segment 13]. In The mobile revolution [Video].

Articles should follow this basic format:

This is the citation that Gale displays:

Volkow, N. D., & Blanco, C. (2020). Medications for opioid use disorders: clinical and pharmacological considerations. Journal of Clinical Investigation , 130 (1), 10+. Retrieved from https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A612694392/AONE?u=centpenn_itc1&sid=AONE&xid=64436e81.

It should be:

Volkow, N. D., & Blanco, C. (2020). Medications for opioid use disorders: Clinical and pharmacological considerations. Journal of Clinical Investigation , 130 (1), 10-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI134708    

The page numbers indicated (10+) weren't correct. Downloading the article you are able to find the page range on the PDF, and there was a doi provided.

Contact the Library

The Library is open Monday, Tuesday, Thursday,  & Friday from 10AM - 5PM and Wednesday from 1PM - 8PM.

If you need help from the librarian or need to access the library resources outside of those hours let us know!

Call or text 717-728-2500 or email [email protected] to make an appointment.

Remember the Learning Hub is also open with lots of great faculty and staff willing to help with tutoring, advising, and general questions.

Chat with a Librarian

Library director.

• << Previous: Kanopy
• Next: PubMed >>
• Last Updated: Jan 25, 2024 2:52 PM
• URL: https://guides.centralpenn.edu/onlineresources