english business thesis

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The role of English in business and trade – Kamil Zakrzewski – MA Thesis

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The Handbook of Language and Globalization

Salikoko S Mufwene

... ISBN: 978-1-405-17581-4 Page 3. 32 Salikoko S. Mufwene literature, should help us sort out myths and facts about how English is actually spreading and whether it is justified to expect the consequences of the process to be uniform all over the world. ...

Travis Selmier

Michał B. Paradowski

World Englishes

ABSRACTThis paper provides an overview of research on the emergence of creoles and pidgins, how these are related to ‘indigenized Englishes,’ and whether these evolutions have occurred in fundamentally different ways from other colonial English varieties such as North American and Australian Englishes. The findings of this research strongly suggest that, from an ecological perspective, similar processes of language contact are crucial to the development of not only creoles and pidgins and world Englishes, but to all languages. In this perspective, creoles and pidgins should not be disenfranchised as examples of ‘abnormal’ varieties, but instead recognized as instances of natural language evolution.

Salikoko S. Mufwene

Agata D . De

This article first explores the evolution of the English language particularly the influence of Celtic, Latin, German, and French. Second, it considers the resultant irregularities with respect to orthography: graphotactic and morphological but most importantly phonological. Third, the use of English as a lingua franca is discussed alongside English as a foreign language, cognate languages, artificial languages, other vehicular languages besides English, pidgin English, and English creole. Fourth, the issue of man-machine communication is examined in terms of speech recognition, phonetic transcription, conversion from documents to speech, dictionaries with audio pronunciation, and programs for oral translation. Last, support is provided for the adoption of phonetic English as the official language of the United States.

Megan S Mercado

This paper summarizes the development and classification of Cameroon Pidgin English and Camfranglais, two mixed languages in Cameroon. Pidgin is one of the source languages for Camfranglais, providing an interesting case of a mixed language influencing another mixed language.

Prof. Dr. Dr. Paul Oluwole-Olusegun

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Business English as a Part of Teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) to Economic Students

Jurnal Education and Economics (JEE), Vol.02, No.02 (April-Juni) 2019

10 Pages Posted: 26 Feb 2020

Tira Nur Fitria

Institut Teknologi Bisnis AAS Indonesia

Date Written: April30 8, 2019

Business English is one of the examples of the English for a Specific Purpose, In the case of Business English, it is largely used in international trade by many whose primary spoken or written language in English. In a globally connected world, Business English is becoming increasingly important as more and more companies need their staff to be multi-lingual language. The goal of any Business English Course is to allow its users to effectively communicate with others in a business environment, whether that communication is in correspondence, face to face meetings, or other methods. Therefore, a Business English Language may include topics such as business English reading, letters, and resumes, business phrases, or terms of sale, advertising, and marketing. Related to the definition of Business English or English for Business Purposes, it shares the important elements of needs analysis, syllabus design, course design, and the selection and development of materials with all ESP fields of work. Teaching Business English (English for Business) requires a teacher’s awareness of the subject matter. ESP combines the subject matter and English language teaching skills. The role of a teacher at this stage is managing to adapt teaching skills and strategies for teaching Business English.

Keywords: English for Specific Purposes (ESP), Business English, Learner/Student’s Needs, Authentic Materials

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Tira Nur Fitria (Contact Author)

Institut teknologi bisnis aas indonesia ( email ).

Jalan Slamet Riyadi 361 Windan Makamhaji Kartasura Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah 577161 Indonesia

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This is a collection of some recent PhD theses from Business and Management. Please note that this is not a comprehensive list of all doctorate degrees from this School.

This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.

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Business English

Mike nelson’s business english lexis site.

This website is dedicated to the lexis of Business English and is based on research carried out in my thesis:   Nelson, M. (2000) A Corpus-Based Study of Business English and Business English Teaching Materials. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Manchester: University of Manchester .  The site was inspired by Averil Coxhead’s great  Academic Word List  site as I wanted teachers and learners of Business English to have a similar place to go to see the most significant words of  Business English. In my research, I created a 1 million word Business English Corpus (BEC) and the word lists you see on this site are based on it and comparisons made to general English using the BNC Sampler corpus as a reference. Please see the breakdown of the BEC corpus here. Feel free to use the data that is supplied here (with usual references) and also the materials I have developed based on the results. I will be adding to the site, so please come back every now and then. 

An overview of the work: What is business English?

EXAMPLES OF ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS LEXIS

The 100 most ‘key’ words in the Business English Corpus

Positive Business English Key Words : words that occur with unusual frequency in the BEC

Negative Keywords in the BEC : Words that occur with unusual INfrequency in the BEC

The 100 most frequent words in the Business English Corpus (lemmatised)

Analysis of the positive keywords in the BEC

Analysis of the negative keywords in the BEC

Analysis of two-word phrase s

Semantic associations in Business English: A corpus-based analysis

Wordly experience : article in the Guardian on the thesis

What is business English? Key word analysis of the lexis and semantics of business communication

See the full thesis

Semantic groups commonly associating with business lexis

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An Analysis of Business English Translation Research in China

• Conference paper
• First Online: 28 March 2018
• Cite this conference paper

• Xue Yu 3 &
• Shili Ge 4  

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics ((SPBE))

2773 Accesses

CiteSpace II is used to draw the scientific knowledge map of China’s business translation research. The literature of business translation studies from 2012 to 2016 in CNKI database are used as data source. Research on hotspots and fronts is realized by analyzing keywords frequency and burst terms. It is found that the research hotspots include Business English, cultural differences, translation techniques, and so on. Translation teaching is receiving more and more attention. The research fronts include Skopos theory, foreign business correspondence, metaphor, Business English translation teaching, higher vocational education and foreign trade English.

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Research on the Construction of Business English Education Translation Platform Based on “Internet+”

The Evolution of the Global Language Service Market

On Business English E-C Translation Model Based on Equivalence Theory

Fang, M. (2012). Thirty years of application translation studies (1980–2010). Shanghai Journal of Translators , (2), 22–27.

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Xu, J., & Xia, R. (2013). Analyzing the ten-year developments of business translation research in China (2002–2011). Foreign Languages in China, 10 (4), 11–18.

Li, H. (2014). Visualization and analysis of hotspots and fronts in international translation studies. Chinese Translators Journal, 35 (02), 21–26.

Zhao, X. (2016). Cultural differences in Business English translation and countermeasures. Ability and Wisdom , (27), 255.

Hu, D., & Wang, J. (2009). Understanding of translation teaching based on market demand and its countermeasures. Foreign Language World , (04), 43–47.

Zhu, J., & Cai, J. (2013). The evolution path and forefront hot issues of e-educology of foreign languages: Knowledge map analysis based on CSSCI data. Technology Enhanced Foreign Language Education , (02), 13–18.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Graduate Education Innovation Plan of Guangdong Province (2015JGXM-MS22), the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, China (2017A020220002) and the fund of Center for Translation Studies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (CTS2014-13).

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School of English for International Business, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China

Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Research and Service, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China

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Correspondence to Shili Ge .

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Department of Business Systems and Analytics, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Madjid Tavana

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Srikanta Patnaik

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Yu, X., Ge, S. (2018). An Analysis of Business English Translation Research in China. In: Tavana, M., Patnaik, S. (eds) Recent Developments in Data Science and Business Analytics. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72745-5_45

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Harvard University Theses, Dissertations, and Prize Papers

The Harvard University Archives ’ collection of theses, dissertations, and prize papers document the wide range of academic research undertaken by Harvard students over the course of the University’s history.

Beyond their value as pieces of original research, these collections document the history of American higher education, chronicling both the growth of Harvard as a major research institution as well as the development of numerous academic fields. They are also an important source of biographical information, offering insight into the academic careers of the authors.

Spanning from the ‘theses and quaestiones’ of the 17th and 18th centuries to the current yearly output of student research, they include both the first Harvard Ph.D. dissertation (by William Byerly, Ph.D . 1873) and the dissertation of the first woman to earn a doctorate from Harvard ( Lorna Myrtle Hodgkinson , Ed.D. 1922).

Other highlights include:

• The collection of Mathematical theses, 1782-1839
• The 1895 Ph.D. dissertation of W.E.B. Du Bois, The suppression of the African slave trade in the United States, 1638-1871
• Ph.D. dissertations of astronomer Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (Ph.D. 1925) and physicist John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (Ph.D. 1922)
• Undergraduate honors theses of novelist John Updike (A.B. 1954), filmmaker Terrence Malick (A.B. 1966),  and U.S. poet laureate Tracy Smith (A.B. 1994)
• Undergraduate prize papers and dissertations of philosophers Ralph Waldo Emerson (A.B. 1821), George Santayana (Ph.D. 1889), and W.V. Quine (Ph.D. 1932)
• Undergraduate honors theses of U.S. President John F. Kennedy (A.B. 1940) and Chief Justice John Roberts (A.B. 1976)

What does a prize-winning thesis look like?

If you're a Harvard undergraduate writing your own thesis, it can be helpful to review recent prize-winning theses. The Harvard University Archives has made available for digital lending all of the Thomas Hoopes Prize winners from the 2019-2021 academic years.

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• What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

Published on September 14, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on April 16, 2024.

A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master’s program or a capstone to a bachelor’s degree.

Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation , it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete. It relies on your ability to conduct research from start to finish: choosing a relevant topic , crafting a proposal , designing your research , collecting data , developing a robust analysis, drawing strong conclusions , and writing concisely .

Thesis template

You can also download our full thesis template in the format of your choice below. Our template includes a ready-made table of contents , as well as guidance for what each chapter should include. It’s easy to make it your own, and can help you get started.

Download Word template Download Google Docs template

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

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Table of contents

Thesis vs. thesis statement, how to structure a thesis, acknowledgements or preface, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review, methodology, reference list, proofreading and editing, defending your thesis, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about theses.

You may have heard the word thesis as a standalone term or as a component of academic writing called a thesis statement . Keep in mind that these are two very different things.

• A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay , and should clearly and concisely summarize the central points of your academic essay .
• A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to complete. It is generally a degree requirement for Master’s programs, and is also sometimes required to complete a bachelor’s degree in liberal arts colleges.
• In the US, a dissertation is generally written as a final step toward obtaining a PhD.
• In other countries (particularly the UK), a dissertation is generally written at the bachelor’s or master’s level.

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The final structure of your thesis depends on a variety of components, such as:

• Your discipline
• Your theoretical approach

Humanities theses are often structured more like a longer-form essay . Just like in an essay, you build an argument to support a central thesis.

In both hard and social sciences, theses typically include an introduction , literature review , methodology section ,  results section , discussion section , and conclusion section . These are each presented in their own dedicated section or chapter. In some cases, you might want to add an appendix .

Thesis examples

We’ve compiled a short list of thesis examples to help you get started.

• Example thesis #1:   “Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807” by Suchait Kahlon.
• Example thesis #2: “’A Starving Man Helping Another Starving Man’: UNRRA, India, and the Genesis of Global Relief, 1943-1947″ by Julian Saint Reiman.

The very first page of your thesis contains all necessary identifying information, including:

• Your full title
• Your full name
• Your department
• Your institution and degree program
• Your submission date.

Sometimes the title page also includes your student ID, the name of your supervisor, or the university’s logo. Check out your university’s guidelines if you’re not sure.

Read more about title pages

The acknowledgements section is usually optional. Its main point is to allow you to thank everyone who helped you in your thesis journey, such as supervisors, friends, or family. You can also choose to write a preface , but it’s typically one or the other, not both.

Read more about acknowledgements Read more about prefaces

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

• Academic style
• Vague sentences
• Style consistency

See an example

An abstract is a short summary of your thesis. Usually a maximum of 300 words long, it’s should include brief descriptions of your research objectives , methods, results, and conclusions. Though it may seem short, it introduces your work to your audience, serving as a first impression of your thesis.

Read more about abstracts

A table of contents lists all of your sections, plus their corresponding page numbers and subheadings if you have them. This helps your reader seamlessly navigate your document.

Your table of contents should include all the major parts of your thesis. In particular, don’t forget the the appendices. If you used heading styles, it’s easy to generate an automatic table Microsoft Word.

Read more about tables of contents

While not mandatory, if you used a lot of tables and/or figures, it’s nice to include a list of them to help guide your reader. It’s also easy to generate one of these in Word: just use the “Insert Caption” feature.

Read more about lists of figures and tables

If you have used a lot of industry- or field-specific abbreviations in your thesis, you should include them in an alphabetized list of abbreviations . This way, your readers can easily look up any meanings they aren’t familiar with.

Read more about lists of abbreviations

Relatedly, if you find yourself using a lot of very specialized or field-specific terms that may not be familiar to your reader, consider including a glossary . Alphabetize the terms you want to include with a brief definition.

Read more about glossaries

An introduction sets up the topic, purpose, and relevance of your thesis, as well as expectations for your reader. This should:

• Ground your research topic , sharing any background information your reader may need
• Define the scope of your work
• Introduce any existing research on your topic, situating your work within a broader problem or debate
• State your research question(s)
• Outline (briefly) how the remainder of your work will proceed

In other words, your introduction should clearly and concisely show your reader the “what, why, and how” of your research.

Read more about introductions

A literature review helps you gain a robust understanding of any extant academic work on your topic, encompassing:

• Selecting relevant sources
• Determining the credibility of your sources
• Critically evaluating each of your sources
• Drawing connections between sources, including any themes, patterns, conflicts, or gaps

A literature review is not merely a summary of existing work. Rather, your literature review should ultimately lead to a clear justification for your own research, perhaps via:

• Addressing a gap in the literature
• Building on existing knowledge to draw new conclusions
• Exploring a new theoretical or methodological approach
• Introducing a new solution to an unresolved problem
• Definitively advocating for one side of a theoretical debate

Read more about literature reviews

Theoretical framework

Your literature review can often form the basis for your theoretical framework, but these are not the same thing. A theoretical framework defines and analyzes the concepts and theories that your research hinges on.

Read more about theoretical frameworks

Your methodology chapter shows your reader how you conducted your research. It should be written clearly and methodically, easily allowing your reader to critically assess the credibility of your argument. Furthermore, your methods section should convince your reader that your method was the best way to answer your research question.

A methodology section should generally include:

• Your overall approach ( quantitative vs. qualitative )
• Your research methods (e.g., a longitudinal study )
• Your data collection methods (e.g., interviews or a controlled experiment
• Any tools or materials you used (e.g., computer software)
• The data analysis methods you chose (e.g., statistical analysis , discourse analysis )
• A strong, but not defensive justification of your methods

Read more about methodology sections

Your results section should highlight what your methodology discovered. These two sections work in tandem, but shouldn’t repeat each other. While your results section can include hypotheses or themes, don’t include any speculation or new arguments here.

Your results section should:

• State each (relevant) result with any (relevant) descriptive statistics (e.g., mean , standard deviation ) and inferential statistics (e.g., test statistics , p values )
• Explain how each result relates to the research question
• Determine whether the hypothesis was supported

Additional data (like raw numbers or interview transcripts ) can be included as an appendix . You can include tables and figures, but only if they help the reader better understand your results.

Read more about results sections

Your discussion section is where you can interpret your results in detail. Did they meet your expectations? How well do they fit within the framework that you built? You can refer back to any relevant source material to situate your results within your field, but leave most of that analysis in your literature review.

For any unexpected results, offer explanations or alternative interpretations of your data.

Read more about discussion sections

Your thesis conclusion should concisely answer your main research question. It should leave your reader with an ultra-clear understanding of your central argument, and emphasize what your research specifically has contributed to your field.

Why does your research matter? What recommendations for future research do you have? Lastly, wrap up your work with any concluding remarks.

Read more about conclusions

In order to avoid plagiarism , don’t forget to include a full reference list at the end of your thesis, citing the sources that you used. Choose one citation style and follow it consistently throughout your thesis, taking note of the formatting requirements of each style.

Which style you choose is often set by your department or your field, but common styles include MLA , Chicago , and APA.

Create APA citations Create MLA citations

In order to stay clear and concise, your thesis should include the most essential information needed to answer your research question. However, chances are you have many contributing documents, like interview transcripts or survey questions . These can be added as appendices , to save space in the main body.

Read more about appendices

Once you’re done writing, the next part of your editing process begins. Leave plenty of time for proofreading and editing prior to submission. Nothing looks worse than grammar mistakes or sloppy spelling errors!

Consider using a professional thesis editing service or grammar checker to make sure your final project is perfect.

Once you’ve submitted your final product, it’s common practice to have a thesis defense, an oral component of your finished work. This is scheduled by your advisor or committee, and usually entails a presentation and Q&A session.

After your defense , your committee will meet to determine if you deserve any departmental honors or accolades. However, keep in mind that defenses are usually just a formality. If there are any serious issues with your work, these should be resolved with your advisor way before a defense.

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation shouldn’t take up more than 5–7% of your overall word count.

If you only used a few abbreviations in your thesis or dissertation , you don’t necessarily need to include a list of abbreviations .

If your abbreviations are numerous, or if you think they won’t be known to your audience, it’s never a bad idea to add one. They can also improve readability, minimizing confusion about abbreviations unfamiliar to your reader.

When you mention different chapters within your text, it’s considered best to use Roman numerals for most citation styles. However, the most important thing here is to remain consistent whenever using numbers in your dissertation .

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical first steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation , such as:

• Your anticipated title
• Your abstract
• Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review , research methods , avenues for future research, etc.)

A thesis is typically written by students finishing up a bachelor’s or Master’s degree. Some educational institutions, particularly in the liberal arts, have mandatory theses, but they are often not mandatory to graduate from bachelor’s degrees. It is more common for a thesis to be a graduation requirement from a Master’s degree.

Even if not mandatory, you may want to consider writing a thesis if you:

• Plan to attend graduate school soon
• Have a particular topic you’d like to study more in-depth
• Are considering a career in research
• Would like a capstone experience to tie up your academic experience

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