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PRIMARY FOUR P.4 EXAMS – FREE DOWNLOAD – UGANDA

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All our resources are free to download as many times as you want., kindly share this download page with other teachers or students, so as to make education free for all., download all the primary four p.4 exams below. click on each link to download the item., p.4 sst revision test 2020 exam_teacher.ac.

P.4 sst Int ens 1 EXAM_TEACHER.AC

P.4 sst exam_teacher.ac, p.4 sst 1 exam_teacher.ac, p.4 set 3 mtc exam_teacher.ac, p.4 set 3 mtc 1 exam_teacher.ac, p.4 set 3 english exam_teacher.ac, p.4 set 3 english 1 exam_teacher.ac, p.4 set 2 sst exam_teacher.ac, p.4 set 2 scienc exam_teacher.ac, p.4 set 2 mtc exam_teacher.ac, p.4 set 2 mtc 1 exam_teacher.ac, p.4 set 2 english exam_teacher.ac, p.4 recess revision work gayaza junior exam_teacher.ac, p.4 r.e int 1 exam_teacher.ac, p.4 math int end set 1 exam_teacher.ac, p.4 english recess exam_teacher.ac, p.4 eng revision test 2020 exam_teacher.ac, back to main page: all uganda  school resources page, download more primary school notes.

• Primary One P.1 Notes
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• Primary Five P.5 Notes
• Primary Six P.6 Notes
• Primary Seven P.7 Notes

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• Primary Seven P.7 Exams

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• P.7 SCHEMES
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• FORM 1 BIOLOGY
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• FORM 1 KISWAHILI
• FORM 1 MATHS
• FORM 1 PHYSICS
• FORM 1 AGRICULTURE
• FORM 2 AGRICULTURE
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Unit 1: Place value

Unit 2: addition, subtraction, and estimation, unit 3: multiply by 1-digit numbers, unit 4: multiply by 2-digit numbers, unit 5: division, unit 6: factors, multiples and patterns, unit 7: equivalent fractions and comparing fractions, unit 8: add and subtract fractions, unit 9: multiply fractions, unit 10: understand decimals, unit 11: plane figures, unit 12: measuring angles, unit 13: area and perimeter, unit 14: units of measurement.

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P4 Maths: Mrs Sutherland: Fractions Assignment [08/03/2021]

8th March 2021

P4 Maths: Mrs Sutherland: TJ Textbook Work [Page 141]

P4 maths: equivalent fractions textbook work [page 188-189], p4 maths: equivalent fractions challenge activity [purple triangles], p4 maths: mrs sutherland: fractions of a quantity.

1st March 2021

P4 Maths: Mrs Sutherland: Fractions [Page 139]

P4 maths: mrs sutherland: fractions [page 138], p4 maths: mental maths exercises [page 14], p4 maths: fractions of a quantity [purple triangles], p4 maths: fractions of a quantity [page 185-187], p4 maths: fraction walls [orange rectangles].

22nd February 2021

P4 Maths: Fraction Walls [Purple Triangles]

P4 maths: identifying fractions booklet, p4 maths: mrs sutherland: adding and subtracting money up to £1 [page 79].

8th February 2021

P4 Maths: Mrs Sutherland - Adding and Subtracting Money up to £1 [Page 78]

P4 maths: money word problems [rectangles orange group], p4 maths: revision of money [rectangles orange group].

1st February 2021

P4 Maths: Mrs Sutherland: Mental Maths Exercises [Page 18]

P4 maths: equivalent fractions assignment [08/03/2021], p4 maths: big maths "beat that" activity [08/03/2021], p4 maths: mrs sutherland: mental maths [page 15], p4 maths: mrs sutherland: fractions [page 140], p4 maths: fractions of a quantity [orange rectangles], p4 maths: big maths "beat that" activity [01/03/2021], p4 maths: mrs sutherland: fraction wall, p4 maths: big maths "beat that" activity [08/02/2021], p4 maths: mrs sutherland: mental maths [page 13], p4 maths: money up to £20 exercises [page 76-77], p4 maths: mental maths *parts b and c* [page 12], p4 maths: money word problems [triangles purple group], p4 maths: revision of money [triangles purple group], p4 maths - using coins [mrs sutherland's group].

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SCI/P/4: PRIMARY FOUR SCIENCE

PRIMARY FOUR SCIENCE This Course is about Primary Four Science and it is mandatory to take it after completing Primary …

PRIMARY FOUR SCIENCE

Download science notes here, course currilcum.

• SCI/P/4: PLANT LIFE Details 1 year
• The course for studying Plant Life. This course is taken in Primary Four in Ugandan Syllabus.
• SCI/P/4: GARDEN TOOLS Details 1 year
• This Unit is about tools used in the garden.
• SCI/P/4: GROWING CROPS Details 1 year
• This unit is about Growing crops in Science Primary Four.
• SCI/P/4: TRANSPLANTING Details 1 year
• This Unit is about transplanting in crop growing.
• SCI/P/4: WEEDING Details 1 year
• This unit is about Weeding, Mulching and Pruning among others.
• SCI/P/4: CROP PESTS AND DISEASES Details 1 year
• This Unit is about Crop pests and diseases.
• SCI/P/4: CROP ROTATION Details 1 year
• This Unit is about Crop rotation and Harvesting.
• SCI/P/4: WEATHER CHANGES Details 1 year
• This unit is about weather and how it works. it is studied in Primary four.
• SCI/P/4: WATER CYCLE Details 1 year
• This Unit is about Water and how it works.
• SCI/P/4: PERSONAL HYGIENE Details 1 year
• This Unit is about Personal Hygiene.
• SCI/P/4: OUR FOOD Details 1 year
• This Unit is about foods as studied in Science.
• SCI/P/4: DEFICIENCY DISEASES Details 1 year
• This Unit is about deficiency diseases with well explained notes examples and images
• SCI/P/4: PROPER HANDLING OF FOOD Details 1 year
• This unit handles topics like bad and good eating habits, food contamination, preservation and poisoning as well as food security
• SCI/P/4: MAJOR ORGANS OF THE BODY Details 1 year
• This unit explains the major organs of human body
• SCI/P/4: RESPIRATION Details 1 year
• This unit is about respiration and blood circulation.
• SCI/P/4: EXCRETION Details 1 year
• This Unit is about Excretion for example the skin, Teeth among others.
• SCI/P/4: SANITATION Details 1 year
• This Unit is about Sanitation and Germs
• SCI/P/4: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Details 1 year
• This Unit is about the diseases that affect human health.
• SCI/P/4: WORM INFECTION Details 1 year
• This Unit is about worms that affect our lives.
• SCI/P/4: VECTORS AND DISEASES Details 1 year
• This unit is about Vectors and diseases in Primary Four Science.
• SCI/P/4: PARASITES Details 1 year
• This Unit is about Parasites and how they are spread.
• SCI/P/4: ACCIDENTS, POISONING AND FIRST AID Details 1 year
• This Unit is about Accidents and First Aid
• SCI/P/4: FRACTURE Details 1 year
• This Unit is about fractures and other bone disorders.
• SCI/P/4: RABBIT KEEPING Details 1 year
• This Unit is about Rabbits and their diseases.

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P.4 Homework

P4 english week1, p4 english week2, p4 english week3, p4 english week4, p4 english wk4, p4 sst wk1-2, self study material, p4 sst recess set2, p4 homework 18th may.

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Primary 4 Syllabus

Aligned with the latest 2021 Singapore MOE Math syllabus and endorsed by Education Alliance of Finland. Hundreds of hours of learning content for all topics covered in P4 to get your child build a strong Math foundation!

In P4, your child will expand their problem-solving toolbox by learning heuristics, such as drawing diagrams and looking for patterns.

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Overview of primary 4 math syllabus.

Here are the P4 topics and skills that are covered our system. The 2020 Primary 4 Math Syllabus can be divided into 3 main branches – Numbers, Measurement and Geometry and finally, Statistics.

P4 Math: Numbers

The Primary 4 (P4) topics that are covered under Numbers are Whole Numbers, Multiplication, Division, Factors and Multiples, Fractions and Decimals. The following shows the breakdown of the skills in topic:

Whole Numbers

• Compare and order numbers
• Understand place values up to 10 000
• Round numbers to the nearest 10, 100 and 1 000
• Estimate the value of an equation

Multiplication

• Multiply a 4-digit number by 1-digit
• Multiply up to 3-digits by 2 digits
• Multiply up to 3-digits by 10

• Divide a 4-digit number by 1-digit

Factors & Multiples

• Check if a 1-digit number is a factor of a given number within 100
• Find common factors between 2 numbers
• Check if a number is a multiple of a given 1-digit number
• Find common multiples of 2 1-digit numbers

• Compare and order whole numbers and fractions
• Compare fractions with a common denominator
• Add fractions with different denominators
• Subtract fractions with different denominators
• Find a part of a set of objects
• Convert mixed numbers to improper fractions and vice versa

• Understand place values of tenths
• Understand place values of hundredths
• Understand place values of thousandths
• Convert a decimal to a fraction and vice versa
• Compare and order decimals
• Rounding decimals to the nearest whole number, 1 decimal place and 2 decimal places

Operation of Decimals

• Add decimals up to 2 decimal places
• Subtract decimals up to 2 decimal places
• Multiply decimals up to 2 decimal places by 1-digit
• Divide decimals up to 2 decimal places by 1-digit
• Divide a whole number by a whole number

P4 Math: Measurement and Geometry

The Primary 4 (P4) topics that are covered under Measurement and Geometry are Time, Angles, Line symmetry, 2D Shapes, Area and Perimeter. See the following for the breakdown of skills in each topic:

• Read the 24-hour clock
• Find the duration of an event
• Measure time in seconds
• Find starting time / ending time

• Identify symmetric figures
• Check if a straight line is a line of symmetry
• Complete a symmetric figure with respect to a given line of symmetry

• Name an angle
• Measure angles in degrees
• Relate quarter, half 3/4 and complete turns to angles in degrees
• Find angles between 2 directions on a 8-point compass

Area & Perimeter

• Find the length of a side of a square
• Find the dimension of a rectangle
• Find the area of rectilinear figures

• Know the properties of a square
• Know the properties of a rectangle

P4 Math: Graphs

The Primary 4 (P4) topics that are covered under Statistics include Data Analysis. Refer below for the breakdown of the skills in this topic.

Data Analysis

• Complete a table with given data
• Read and interpret line graphs

Sample P4 questions and video explanations

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• Explanation 2

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What we saw at polls and watch parties on Indiana's primary Election Day

IndyStar reporters spent Election Day talking to voters, candidates and poll workers. Here's what we saw and heard throughout the day and as results rolled in. This coverage is free as a public service. If you don't already, please consider  subscribing to IndyStar  to support local journalism.

11:30 p.m.: About 19% of registered voters in Hamilton County cast ballots, according to early data

Data compiled by the Hamilton County Election Board shows about 19% of registered voters in the county voted Tuesday. Early numbers show 51,896 voters cast ballots in the primary election, with 36,636 of them cast on Election Day.

— Holly Hays

10:05 p.m.: Prelim numbers show fewer than 15% of registered voters in Marion Co. voted

Early numbers compiled by the Marion County Election Board show just 13% of the county's registered voters cast ballots in Tuesday's primary election.

As of 10 p.m. Tuesday, 85,682 ballots had been received, according to the board's website, of the 632,919 registered voters in the county. (Certified election results won't be ready until May 21, according to the board.) More Republican ballots were pulled than Democratic — 46,757 and 38,667, respectively.

9:40 p.m.: Here's who's winning Indiana's Congressional primary races

Several of Indiana's nine Congressional districts saw contested races in at least one of the parties. Here's how those are shaping up:

More: Here's who is winning Indiana's primaries for U.S. House

9:20 p.m.: Braun accepts GOP gubernatorial nomination, thanks supporters

"When you run these campaigns, it's about fleshing out what the important issues are. And you have thick skin to get through it. And then you have to be very forgiving and don't hold any grudges if you're going to actually get something done," Braun said. "That's how we take this state to the next level, and I can't wait to do that."

9 p.m.: AP calls 6th Congressional District for Shreve

The Associated Press declared Jefferson Shreve the winner of the Republican primary for Indiana's 6th Congressional District Tuesday night.

Shreve, who ran for mayor of Indianapolis in 2023, led the seven Republican candidates with 28% of the vote followed by state Rep. Mike Speedy and political newcomer Jamison Carrier both with about 22% of the vote, according to unofficial results.

More: Jefferson Shreve wins 6th Congressional District GOP primary

— Brittany Carloni

8:45 p.m.: AP calls 5th Congressional District for Spartz, Carson wins in 7th

In the 5th Congressional District, with about 77% of votes counted, Republican incumbent Victoria Spartz leads with about 39% of the vote with state Rep. Chuck Goodrich at 33% of the vote and Max Engling with 10% of the vote, according to preliminary election results.

In the 7th Congressional District, incumbent André Carson had 91% of the vote with 69% of votes counted, shortly after the race was called by the Associated Press at 8:05 p.m. He will likely go on to win the November election too, due to the Democratic-leaning make up of the county.

More: AP calls GOP primary for 5th Congressional District for Victoria Spartz

More: Rep. André Carson wins 7th District Democratic primary

8:30 p.m.: Doden and Chambers release statements, say they've called to congratulate Braun

Republican gubernatorial candidates Eric Doden and Brad Chambers have both released statements saying they've conceded the race for the party's nomination to Sen. Mike Braun.

"I entered this race because I believe Indiana is a great state, but that with the right leadership, it could be even better," Chambers said. "I hope U.S. Sen. Braun will be the leader Indiana needs and act ambitiously to create more opportunities that will lift up every Hoosier.”

Doden shared a four-part written statement to X (formerly Twitter). "Today I have an even stronger belief in the greatness of the people of Indiana," he wrote.

"Tonight is merely a step along the way in our calling to make Indiana even better," Doden wrote. "God has given us a peace and a renewed energy that this is not the end of a journey, or the beginning of one, but the continuation of one that will bring many good things."

Related: In-depth profiles of all of Indiana's Republican candidates for governor

7:35 p.m.: Crouch concedes governor's race: 'It's been an incredible journey'

Lt. Gov. Suzanne Crouch conceded the Republican governor's race to Sen. Mike Braun.

"It's been an incredible journey," she said, thanking supporters. “As a party, we need to unite behind him to ensure that we keep Indiana on the road to victory in November by electing Mike Braun as the next governor of the state of Indiana."

— Alexandria Burris

7:20 p.m.: AP calls Democratic primary race for U.S. Senate for McCray

With about 13% of the vote tallied, Valerie McCray has a 30-percentage-point lead over former state Rep. Marc Carmichael.

The Republican nomination is  assured for lone candidate U.S. Rep. Jim Banks .

More: Associated Press calls Democratic race for U.S. Senate for Valerie McCray

7:15 p.m.: AP calls GOP governor's primary for Braun

With nearly 13% of votes counted across Indiana, Sen. Mike Braun has about 39% of the vote, which is 18 percentage points ahead of  Lt. Gov. Suzanne Crouch . Former  commerce Secretary Brad Chambers  is close behind Crouch, with nearly 18% of the vote so far.

More: Associated Press calls Indiana governor's race for Sen. Mike Braun

7 p.m.: Indiana polls are officially closed

As the clock strikes 7, all polls have closed across the state. IndyStar will have reporters stationed at candidates' watch parties and providing context as results are posted.

Check back here for election results as they come in .

6 p.m.: Polls close across majority of state

Polls have officially closed across the majority of the state (all eyes on you now, Central Time Zone).

5:30 p.m.: Carmel voters weigh in on gubernatorial primary

Kate Bechtel, 69 of Carmel, said she comes out to vote no matter what the issues are because “it’s my civic duty.” She said she had to do a lot of research to decide to vote for in the Republican gubernatorial primary. “There were a lot of ads and misinformation out there.”

Bechtel decided to vote for Brad Chambers and said she feels great about that. She liked that he built a business — “That takes hard work and shows honesty and integrity, something you don’t get much of in politics these days.”

Jim Brown, 50 of Carmel, said when he’s voting in the primaries, he’s looking for the right people who want what’s best for the community. He voted for Lt. Gov. Suzanne Crouch for the Republican gubernatorial candidate, feeling her policies aligned the most with his beliefs.

Brown said there was really only one Governor candidate who he was against: Sen. Mike Braun. “Some of his ideas I don’t think are good for the state, they feel more self-centered.”

— Sarah Bowman

5:25 p.m.: Braun to reporters at watch party: 'I feel real good'

— Tony Cook

Severe weather could arrive in Indy area as polls close and could create rush-hour headaches

Severe weather is expected to hit the Indianapolis metro area before polls close Tuesday afternoon. Storms, which include heavy rain and large hail, are expected to hit the western suburbs between 5 and 6 p.m. and are likely to create issues during rush-hour traffic, said Sam Lashley, a meteorologist for the National Weather Service in Indianapolis.

“Everybody should just be on alert and have multiple ways to get warning information,” Lashley said, adding that storms will continue until around 8 or 9 p.m. “If you hear thunder, get indoors, get to a safe spot.”

Indianapolis is under a tornado watch this evening . Cities and towns west of Central Indiana, including Terre Haute and Brazil, were under a tornado warning around 4:45 p.m.

Stay weather aware: Tornado watch issued for parts of Indiana. Hail, damaging winds possible. What to expect

— Kristine Phillips

5:15 p.m.: First-time voter says he 'didn't even consider' Biden's age while casting primary ballot

Liam Hoffman, 18, a recent high school graduate, voted in his first election at Bethlehem Lutheran Church, 52nd Street and Central Avenue.

He said he pulled a straight Democratic ticket, specifically to register support for Joe Biden.

“A lot of his views align with mine,” Hoffman said, citing student loan forgiveness. “He’s the best chance to get some things changed.” 

Hoffman said Biden’s age was not an issue for him.

“I didn't even consider it,” he said.

Three other voters in the polling place in the Democratic-leaning neighborhood said they pulled Republican ballots even though they are democrats or Independents so they could vote against Mike Braun for governor.

— John Tuohy

5:10 p.m.: 'I figured I would try and choose the least-bad option'

Robert Jackson, 63, stopped by John Boner Community Center to cast a ballot in the Democrat primary. Jackson said he’s a loyal Democrat. He doesn’t have faith or confidence in Donald Trump. “The Democrat party's work(ed) hard to get African Americans and other people of color to where they are now. I don't want to see their work in vain."

Erin Turner, 32, also pulled a Democrat ballot. “Because we’re really red, I feel it’s important to vote blue when you have the opportunity.”

She'd like to see more Democrats on the ballot. “I just feel like we’re going to continue to be red in that realm, just based on the number of candidates there were for that. Democrats don’t really have a choice. It’s just like, well, there was one person. That’s all you get.”

Mike Matta, 33, wants to be heard. He usually votes Democrat, but that doesn’t get him very far in a red state. So this time, he pulled a Republican ballot in the primary.

“Knowing that our governor and senators and all that sort of stuff are probably going to be Republican, I figured I would try and choose the least-bad option," he said. He picked Nikki Haley for president (who dropped out of the race after qualifying for Indiana's ballot) and Brad Chambers for governor.

4:45 p.m.: Brad Chambers would help boost Indiana’s industries, former Democratic voter says

At the Jewish Community Center on the north side, the polling center was nearly empty by late afternoon, with one or two voters walking in every few minutes. Several voters either didn’t want to talk or didn’t want to share their names and voting decisions publicly, citing broad polarization concerns.

But Andy Helmbock, 42, said he voted for Brad Chambers for governor, saying the Republican candidate’s background in business would boost the state’s industries, including biotechnology, construction and manufacturing. On the campaign trail, Chambers, founder and CEO of Buckingham Companies, described himself as a political outsider and business leader who can grow Indiana’s economy.

“He’s had a thumbprint on a lot of pulse of businesses,” said Helmbock, who said he was a Democrat but now identifies as an Independent. He added that rising costs of living in coastal states would make Indiana, under Chambers’ leadership, an attractive place for businesses.

Chris Seigel, 68, didn’t want to share whom he voted for. He did say he believes Mike Braun will be Indiana’s next governor, although he has little confidence in the Republican frontrunner. Seigel also said he cares deeply about female reproductive rights, and the issue dictated how he voted this election. He described himself as pro-choice.

4:30 p.m.: Join us for a live discussion of some of the primary's marquee races

IndyStar is going live at 6 p.m. for a panel discussion of some of the election's biggest races so far. Hosted by the Star's government and politics editor Kaitlin Lange, the panel will include Statehouse reporters Brittany Carloni and Kayla Dwyer and opinion editor James Briggs.

Also joining us for the panel are Abdul-Hakim Shabazz, political commentator and publisher of  indypolitics.org , and Democratic strategist Lindsay Haake, whose clients include Democratic Attorney General candidate Destiny Wells.

4 p.m.: ‘Rain, sleet or shine, I’m ready to go’

There's only a couple people voting at the IPS Service Center on Walnut Street.

Tiera Betts, 36, said she likes candidates from both political parties. She's a veteran, so she said she'll prioritize whoever can benefit veterans the most.

"It just depends on what I feel when I open the door," Betts said, laughing.

Suzanne Crouch stands out to her; Betts said she admires how Crouch handled the pandemic. On the other hand, she likes how U.S. District 7 Rep. André Carson "makes sure veterans get their benefits.”

Regardless, voting is important, she said.

“I know my grandparents got hosed down trying to vote, got chased by dogs trying to vote," Betts said. "So whenever it’s time to vote, rain, sleet or shine, I’m ready to go.”

— Nadia Scharf

4 p.m.: Turnout slow at Lucas Oil Stadium a few hours before polls close

There were more construction workers in the parking lot of Lucas Oil Stadium than voters mid-afternoon. At least one of those workers, 52-year-old Phil Rosenkrans, sauntered over and became a voter – the only voter the polling place saw in half an hour.

Though he finds the premise of being restricted to one party's ballot puzzling and stifling, he nonetheless chose a Republican ballot, as he usually does. On the six-way governor's race, there was just one piece of information he knew: He wanted to pick someone other than U.S. Sen. Mike Braun.

He knew so little about the other candidates, though, that he picked a name at random toward the middle of the list and couldn't recall what the name was.

"Too many people had too many negative things to say about him," he said. "I just knew I didn't like him."

The last Republican governor he liked, actually, was Mitch Daniels. He remembers that the economy was good and the roads got fixed up. Daniels certainly represents a bygone era of Indiana politics where mudslinging was taboo, unlike this election: "He was the dude."

— Kayla Dwyer

3:30 p.m.: 'We need somebody who's not afraid to represent for Indiana'

Community building and hometown pride are important for mother-daughter duo Karyn Lander, 47, and Camille Lander, 20.

The pair voted at Lawrence North High School today. Camille graduated from the school in 2022, and she said she looks for candidates who have the community’s best interests in mind, just like she does.

Her and her mother kept an especially close eye on the race for Senate, as they’re keen to find someone who will stick up for the Hoosier state.

“We need somebody who’s not afraid to represent for Indiana,” Camille Lander said.

As to why they decided to show out for the primary election, Karyn Lander said it’s because they’re voting for the people who “decide who’s going to be on the ballot.”

Even if the turnout is smaller than a general election, Camille Landers said, that raises the stakes that much higher.

“The one that’s seen as less important is the one you got to watch out for,” Camille said.

— Jade Thomas

3:15 p.m.: Voter turnout in HamCo already exceeding that of 2022 primary

According to Hamilton County officials, more than 25,200 voters had cast ballots by 3 p.m. on Tuesday, exceeding the number of Election Day voters in the 2022 primary . An additional 3,955 absentee ballots and 11,248 early ballots had been received. Hamilton County sits in the state's 5th Congressional District, where incumbent Republican Victoria Spartz faces a challenge from State Rep. Chuck Goodrich, R-Noblesville, and others.

More: Here's who is running against Spartz and Goodrich in Indiana's 5th Congressional District

In Marion County, officials reported 46,362 ballots had been cast by Tuesday afternoon.

3:05 p.m.: Republican voters say they're looking for candidates that represent their politics

AJ Bucher, 25, said he didn’t think any candidate on the ballot currently represented him very but voted for Curtis Hill in the Republican primary for governor because he seemed like the most right-leaning candidate.

“He feels the least mainstream GOP to me,” Boucher said outside of the Pike Township Fire station 62.

Ryan McCroskey, 47, said he likes current Gov. Eric Holcomb and said there were plenty of candidates to choose from for the Republican primary but eventually chose Brad Chambers.

“I’ve actually met him in person and he just seemed the most real and most sincere to me,” McCroskey said.

— Caroline Beck

3 p.m.: 'You never know, one vote might tip the scale'

In Fishers on Tuesday, voters cast their ballots in an 1800s-era log cabin on the western edge of the city near the White River. Campaign signs for Lt. Gov. Suzanne Crouch, a Republican gubernatorial candidate, and Max Engling, a 5 th  Congressional District Republican candidate, greeted voters at a white picket fence in front of the Historic Ambassador House.

It was a cloudy afternoon, but a steady group of voters quickly moved in and out of the polling location. There were no lines and voters said they had no problems casting their ballots at the Hamilton County polling site. “It was very quick,” one person said.

Most of the voters Tuesday afternoon were interested in the Republican gubernatorial campaign. Maribeth Degyansky said she pulled a Republican ballot and voted for former Indiana Secretary of Commerce Brad Chambers. Degyansky said she liked his business experience and that he was “not a career politician.”

“He just seems like a down-to-Earth, honest person who would represent the middle class,” she said.

Russ Cable, who lives just two miles from the Ambassador House, said he was interested in the governor’s primary and the 5 th  Congressional District race, where Victoria Spartz is running for reelection against eight other candidates. Cable said he pulled a Republican ballot, but did not share how he voted. The Fishers resident said he has never seen such a crowded primary in the governor’s race before, which especially makes it important to vote this year.

“You never know, one vote might tip the scale,” Cable said.

2:45 p.m.: 'I think that (Crouch) can make a difference'

It’s quiet inside IUPUI’s University Library. Still, a few voters are trickling in.

Claire Weaver voted a Democratic ballot, and said she chose Valerie McCray for her progressive policies. She chose to vote today because she “wants to live in a democracy,” she said.

Mike Pollard voted for Suzanne Crouch on the Republican ticket. She has the experience, he said.

“I think that she can make a difference,” Pollard said. “Maybe she wants to finish the unfinished business she had when she was lieutenant governor, but at the highest level now.”

Pollard doesn’t align himself with either party. This year, he went Republican because of his conservative values, particularly around government finances, but he says his vote depends on the “conversation” surrounding the candidates.

"What are the needs, who’s talking more about what’s going on, not just personally but collaboratively, some of the subjects we’re dealing with," Pollard said. "Who is talking more about it, and who’s giving answers.”

2:30 p.m.: Democrats ponder pulling Republican ballots but decide against it

Linda Schussler and her husband Bob, who usually pull Democratic ballots, considered choosing Republican ones today at Lawrence North High School.

Linda said she wanted the opportunity to vote for a candidate for governor who was the most honest. But she didn’t, as she said, “the information that’s gleaned from primaries is necessary for Democratic planning in the future.”

Jim and Jan Fuquay had a similar idea, but decided not to pull a Republican ballot. They were also concerned about the race for governor and were unimpressed that candidates didn’t focus heavily on topics like education.

“They don’t really get in-depth about issues in Indiana,” Jan Fuquay said.

The couple, who tutor third-graders to improve their literacy skills, want a candidate who’s well-educated, honest and cares a lot about education.

2 p.m.: 'It feels like everyone is running for governor'

Tim Jedlicka, 61, said he came out to vote in the primary election for the “insane governor race — it feels like everyone is running for governor.”

He said it was hard to decide whom to vote for because he felt the candidates were too caught up in federal issues. Jedlicka wouldn’t say whom he ultimately voted for in the Republican gubernatorial primary, but said he’d like to hear more talk about school funding.

“I’m from Illinois where a budget surplus is unheard of,” he said at the Roy G. Holland Memorial Park Building.

He said he would like to see that money put to use.

The Fishers resident also said he did not vote for U.S. Rep. Victoria Spartz or state Rep. Chuck Goodrich for Indiana’s 5th Congressional District in the primary.

“They both can go,” Jedlicka said.

1:30 p.m.: 'It concerns me seeing money that should go to the public schools going to the vouchers'

Greg Bowes, 64, said he ended up voting for the Pike school referendum question even though he is hesitant to see more state dollars go to charter schools.

He ultimately voted yes because he said at least the dollars weren’t going to private schools and would be staying in public schools.

“At least charter schools have a little bit more oversight than the voucher schools do, which can basically do whatever they want, and it concerns me seeing money that should go to public schools going to the vouchers,” Bowes, a Pike Township resident, told IndyStar where he voted at Snacks Crossing Elementary School.

1 p.m.: 'Indiana is a red state and only getting redder. All I have is my vote'

A steady stream of people went in to vote at the Delaware Township Government Center over the lunch hour and were able to complete the task in about 10 to 15 minutes.

Monica Shimer, 54 of Fishers, voted a Democrat ballot. She said some people may feel like it’s a lost vote, but she still wants her voice to be heard.

“Indiana is a red state and only getting redder. All I have is my vote, I’m not going to give up,” she said.

Shimer said she considered pulling a Republican ballot. She said if there had been a “real” opponent to Donald Trump for the Republican presidential nomination, she would have voted Republican “to be a counterweight and vote for anyone else but him.”

Likewise, Linda Schenk, 75, said she and her husband voted a Democrat ballot.

“That’s probably why we were in and out so fast — not a long ballot,” said Schenk, of Fishers. “We are definitely one of a minority in the area.”

Schenk grew up in Indy but recently moved back to the area after 40 years in Evansville. She said there would be more representation on both sides of the ballot down there and “it’s been an adjustment” being back in the Indy area “where things feel much more one-sided.”

12:15 p.m.: Gubernatorial primary and 5th congressional district races bring out Fishers voters

At the Delaware Township Community Center, Nate Salsgiver, 36, said he voted to re-elect U.S. Rep. Victoria Spartz to represent Indiana’s 5th District. Salsgiver also said the vote for the Republican gubernatorial candidate was a bit more difficult to decide since there were a few he liked based on what he knows. But he declined to say who ultimately got his primary vote.

Jamie Zappala, 31, said she voted for Brad Chambers in the Republican gubernatorial primary. She said he seems likable and the Fishers mayor had endorsed him. She and her family are relatively new to the area, moving to Indiana from Ohio about three years ago.

Zappala said she also wants to set a good example for her children about the importance of voting and respecting everyone’s opinions, even if they’re different.

“We’re a young family, and I want to be able to have those conversations about different topics and issues,” she said.

Noon: Strong feelings about Braun and Pike Township referendum bring voters out

Some voters told IndyStar they pulled Republican ballots — even if they don't usually — especially because they wanted to vote for or against U.S. Sen. Mike Braun for governor.

Darlene Swilik, 61, lives in Indianapolis in the Pike Township area and said she decided to vote for Braun after talking with her neighbors about the governor's race.

“It was general consensus among my neighbors that they went with him because I don't always keep up like I should,” Swilik told IndyStar when she went to vote at Eagle Creek Elementary.

Matthew Smith, 46, said he typically votes Democrat but voted on the Republican ballot because he wanted to vote against Braun. Smith selected Brad Chambers.

“It was quite fun honestly and made me feel like my vote counted more,” Smith said.

Voters had strong opinions about the Pike school referendum, as well. Swilik said she voted no because she didn’t want her taxes raised. Kathy Koehler, 52, said she voted yes because she always wants to support schools.

“If they say they need more support, then I’m willing to help them,” Koehler said.

Jeanne Mathews, 56, is a former Pike Township teacher and came out to vote at the same school where she used to teach, Eagle Creek Elementary School, and said she voted in favor of the referendum question.

“As a former teacher, I understand how important it is that our schools are well-funded,” Mathews said.

11:15 a.m.: 'Our teachers deserve to be paid more'

Rev. Dr. Richard Curry Jr., senior pastor of True Tried Missionary Baptist Church, said he came out to Jonathan Jennings School 109 because he felt it was his duty to exercise his right to vote.

While he wouldn’t say if he pulled a Democratic or Republican ballot, he did say he was closely watching the presidential and governor races.

He also said while he’s worried about rising tax rates, he did vote in favor of the Pike schools referendum.

“Especially when thinking about our African American children, I think they deserve better schools and our teachers deserve to be paid more,” Curry said.

10:35 a.m.: 'Things need to change'

Roger and Tesha Conrad, 59, see voting as one way to correct the course of government.

“Things need to change,” Tesha said. “Neither of us are happy with where things are going, so we have to step up and do what’s necessary, which is vote.”

Both Tesha and Roger voted for Brad Chambers in the gubernatorial race because they see him as an outsider, not a career politician.

“I think that’s the way the system started,” Roger said. “We need to get back to having more part-time politicians.”

— Bradley Hohulin

10:30 a.m.: 'I want to make sure we have a voice'

Downtown Westfield was fairly sleepy in the late morning, with songbirds and construction equipment supplying most of the soundtrack. Still, every couple of minutes, someone walked up the steps of Westfield City Hall to cast their vote.Rick Yelle, 59, said he's voting because he often isn’t satisfied with how officials act on behalf of people like him.“I don’t always feel that we’re politically represented by people who stand for us,” Yelle said. “So whatever ‘us’ is, I want to make sure we have a voice.”

9:45 a.m.: Voters tout candidates 'willing to be in the middle'

Voters filtered into the Crossroads AME Church slowly on a rainy morning, with about two or three entering every five minutes.

Gregory Smith, 72, who voted at Crossroads AME Church, is concerned about the race for governor. He pulled a Democratic ballot but wondered why he’s seen little advertising on that front.

The governor's race was the main reason Megan Plotner, 36, stepped out to vote as well. Plotner, who pulled a Republican ballot, wouldn’t share which candidate she chose but did say it was not Mike Braun.“I want someone willing to be in the middle,” Plotner said.

Greg Swallow, 48, agreed. He wants to return to having debates about topics like Medicare and free market economics, instead of “cultural warfare.” He pulled a Republican ballot because he said there weren’t as many choices on the Democratic side.“I’m 100% voting against Donald Trump,” Swallow said. “I’m 100% against Mike Braun. And it’s 100% because of January 6.”

8:45 a.m.: Couple opts for candidates who bring positivity

Outside of the occasional school board race, Paul Kropp, 64, and his wife Glenna, 62, seldom miss an election of any kind.

“Given the chance to vote, we vote,” Glenna said.

She cast her gubernatorial vote for Brad Chambers, while Paul voted for Eric Doden. Glenna said Chambers struck her as a candidate with new ideas.

“He just seemed more like an outsider, businessman type,” she said. “I think (Mike) Braun will probably win, but I just wanted to cast my vote for someone different at this time.”

Paul, who moved to Carmel with Glenna from Kouts three years ago, gravitated toward Doden’s focus on small towns with his Indiana Main Street Initiative.

Neither Glenna nor Paul voted to re-elect Victoria Spartz for Congress. Paul voted for Goodrich, while Glenna voted for speech pathologist Raju Chinthala.

Paul said Spartz’ decision to exit, then re-enter the race was enough to make him vote against her, although he didn’t feel strongly about any of her competitors. Glenna received several of Chinthala’s campaign flyers and appreciated that he emphasized what he planned to do rather than tear down his opponents.

“I felt like Goodrich and Spartz were just negative all the time, every flyer,” Glenna said.

Both Kropps said they were weary of candidates focusing more on attacking their opponents than promoting their policy.

“And I understand that’s the way you win an election,” Paul said. “You beat everyone else down and you’re the last one left. But I’m tired of it, yeah.”

8:30 a.m.: Election Day weather brings the possibility of severe storms

Storms moving across Indiana today have the potential to bring large hail and tornadoes, the National Weather Service said.

The initial, less severe, wave of storms will move through the area between 9 a.m. and noon.

More severe storms are expected to roll through between 3-10 p.m. with the highest risk between 6-10 p.m.

There is a “broader tornado threat across Central Indiana today. This includes a giant hail threat,” a National Weather Service briefing indicates. Storms are expected to continue into Wednesday.

What to expect: Large hail, damaging winds, possible tornadoes could hit Indiana soon.

— Jen Guadarrama

8 a.m.: 'The primaries can end up mattering more than the actual election'

Carmel Clay Public Library was mostly quiet early Tuesday morning, with a handful of Hamilton County voters trickling in during the first two hours of polling. But Dan Stamer, 33, wasn’t going to miss the primary.

“As a voter in Indiana, the county-wide or state-wide elections tend to be a bit of a home run for one party,” Stamer said. “So the primaries can end up mattering more than the actual election.”

He said he filled out a Republican ballot because his choices will ultimately matter more when electing leaders in historically red Indiana.

Cara Langford, 55, said she has a responsibility to vote, even in primaries.

“I feel it’s a duty,” she said. “People before us have gone to war and died for our freedoms so we can have a voice.”

Langford and her husband John, 55, both cited their faith as motivation for voting for Eric Doden in the gubernatorial race.

“I’m a Christian, and his beliefs align with mine,” John said.

Both of the Langfords voted to re-elect Victoria Spartz for Congress in the 5th District. Cara felt Spartz’ most prominent competitor, Chuck Goodrich, wouldn’t represent her values in Congress.

“My understanding of him is that he wasn’t consistently pro-life,” she said.

7:50 a.m.: Chambers heads out to the polls early

Brad Chambers, the former commerce Secretary who's on the Republican gubernatorial primary ballot, voted at Second Presbyterian Church, saying he heard about an “incredible candidate on the ballot” for governor. He said he believes this candidate can honestly fix Indiana’s challenges.

The candidate? Brad Chambers.

Casting a supporting vote at the same place was Mike Fritton, 56, who said he's known Chambers for over 20 years.

“What he has done in his business career will translate well to the political arena,” said Fritton, who lives in Indianapolis.

7:45 a.m.: Appreciating the right to vote brings people out early

Property taxes in Pike Township were at the top of Breaford Alexander’s list of concerns when he voted this morning at Second Presbyterian Church. Alexander, 50, pulled a Democratic ballot and said that he voted this morning because so many people fought for his right to do so.

Likewise, Jaylen Alexander, 21, encouraged others to come out and vote. He pulled a Democratic ballot, saying that he believes people should be able to do what they want and that he’s seen Republicans try to take people’s rights away.

Where can I vote in the 2024 primary election?

Polls are open in Indiana from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m.

In Marion and Johnson counties, you can vote at any polling location in the county, known as  vote centers . A list of Marion County vote centers is available at  vote.indy.gov/vote-centers . A list of Johnson County vote centers is available here .

In Hamilton County, voters have to cast ballots in their assigned precincts. To find your polling location, visit  indianavoters.in.gov .

Live somewhere else? Check this list to see if your county uses vote centers. Or visit your county clerk's website.

You must present a valid photo ID to vote in person. Visit the Secretary of State's website for more information on acceptable forms of ID.

Homework to prep for the polls: Everything you need to know about 2024 Indiana primary election

Republican gubernatorial primary is marquee race

This is a gubernatorial primary unlike any other: Six candidates, several of them very well funded, have been duking it out for the nomination , with one candidate starting his campaign exactly three years ago .

Polls have shown U.S. Sen. Mike Braun with a comfortable lead over Lt. Gov. Suzanne Crouch, former commerce Secretary Brad Chambers, Fort Wayne entrepreneur Eric Doden, former Attorney General Curtis Hill and Indianapolis mother Jamie Reitenour. But they've also shown a sizeable contingent of voters undecided ― a large enough portion for the other candidates to hold out hope, especially because one candidate could win with about 20% of the vote.

More: Read our profiles of all the Republican gubernatorial candidates

There's only one Democratic candidate for governor: former state schools superintendent Jennifer McCormick. Most observers consider this primary to be the main competition for governor. It would take a significant amount of resources and unique conditions for the Democratic candidate to defeat the Republican nominee in November, given the deep-red demographics in Indiana, and thus far, McCormick hasn't shown signs of amassing such resources.

Open Congressional seats draw major competition

Three Indiana representatives in the U.S. House are giving up their seats this election. One of them, U.S. Rep. Jim Banks, is running for Senate. (That's another race to watch, by the way ― Banks is unopposed for the Republican nomination, but there are two Democrats vying to run against him in the general election.)

Two congressional districts that are in central Indiana, the 5th and the 6th Congressional Districts, have a lot of competition and a striking amount of self-funding .

In the 5th district, which includes Hamilton County, many Republicans jumped into the primary because they thought incumbent Rep. Victoria Spartz was not going to run again, as she stated previously . But she changed her mind , and now that race appears to be a head-to-head between Spartz and state Rep. Chuck Goodrich. Goodrich has loaned $4.6 million to his campaign; Spartz, $700,000 as of May 3.

More: With Greg Pence out, 7 Republicans vie for Indy-based 6th Congressional District

In the 6th district, which includes Johnson and southern Marion counties, seven Republicans are vying to replace retiring Rep. Greg Pence . They include former Indianapolis mayoral candidate Jefferson Shreve , state Rep. Mike Speedy and state Sen. Jeff Raatz, former lawmakers like  John Jacob  and Bill Frazier, and political newcomers Jamison Carrier and Darin Childress. Several of these candidates, particularly Shreve, also loaned hefty sums to their campaigns .

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Istra is famous for its New Jerusalem Monastery which was established to serve as a Russian version of the Holy Land. Today the monastery has been completely restored following the damage it suffered at the hands of the Nazis and Bolsheviks, and remains the main reason for visiting Istra. The city can easily be visited as a day trip from Moscow .

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Visit the New Jerusalem Monastery, its magnificent walls and the amazing Resurrection Cathedral.

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Georgia, along with 3 other states, vote in primary elections next Tuesday. What to know

Next week, four states—Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, and Oregon—will hold presidential primary elections. Here are the important dates to know so you can make your voice heard at the polls.

The Georgia primary will take place on Tuesday, May 21. Notably, US Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene will be up for election in the Peach State, although no other Republicans are currently running against her.

The Idaho primary will take place on Tuesday, May 21, with local and state offices up for election. There will be more action on Thursday, May 23, for the Idaho Democratic caucus , where presidential candidate Joe Biden and five other candidates will appear on the ballot. Earlier this year, in March, Donald Trump won the Republican caucus in the state.

Prep for the polls: See who is running for president and compare where they stand on key issues in our Voter Guide

Meet the 2024 candidates: Who is running for president and where do they stand on key issues?

The Kentucky primary will take place on Tuesday, May 21 . It's a closed primary, meaning to vote in the Democratic or Republican primary, a voter must be registered with that party.

The Oregon primary will take place on Tuesday, May 21 . This primary is also closed, meaning voters must be registered with the party primary they wish to vote in.

Post-Super Tuesday and only about six months out from the general election in November, Republican candidate Donald Trump and Democratic candidate Joe Biden are the frontrunners in their respective parties. Trump has over 2,000 delegates so far, exceeding the necessary amount to clinch the party's nomination . Similarly, Biden has garnered substantial support to win his party's nomination.

Check on the progress and results of the Maryland 2024 Primary Election

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Scott defeats Sheila Dixon in Baltimore mayoral primary, AP projects

by JULIAN BARON | FOX45 News

BALTIMORE (WBFF) — See full primary election results <>><>><>>

UPDATE: 11:30 p.m.

Mayor Scott has defeated Sheila Dixon in the Baltimore mayoral primary race, the Associated Press projects. This webpage will no longer be updated.

UPDATE: 10:49 p.m.

Mayor Scott has widened his lead over Sheila Dixon with 213 of 295 precincts reporting. Dixon spoke to the crowd at her campaign watch party around 10:45 p.m. saying she is not giving up and will provide an update in the morning.

Dixon trails Scott by about 5,000 votes.

UPDATE: 9:35 p.m.

With almost half of city precincts reporting, Mayor Scott has a 2,000 vote lead over Sheila Dixon. Scott has 18,394 votes. Dixon has 16,424 votes.

Mayor Scott has taken a slight lead over Sheila Dixon with 25 out of 295 precincts reporting. Scott has 12,610 compared to Dixon's 12,443.

UPDATE: 9:18 p.m.

Scott and Dixon are separated by just 23 votes with 11 out of the 295 precincts reporting.

UPDATE: 8:35 p.m.

The first election results of the Baltimore City mayoral primary race are in. Dixon holds a very narrow lead over Scott, with 11,512 votes compared to Scott's 10,965.

UPDATE: 8:00 p.m.

Polls are now closed. Voters who are currently in line will still be able to vote. Voting data will start to be released shortly.

UPDATE: 7:37 p.m.

Only 33,727 people voted in-person today in Baltimore City, as of 7:00 p.m. Mikenzie Frost reports there is a "massive" amount of mail-in ballots yet to be counted.

UPDATE: 6:34 p.m.

FOX45 News' Mikenzie Frost is on site at the Brandon Scott campaign headquarters. Campaign staffers are still setting up for tonight's watch party.

UPDATE: 5:45 p.m.

FOX45 News' Keith Daniels just arrived at the Sheila Dixon campaign headquarters. Staffers are setting up the stage and working the phones. The Dixon watch party will begin at 8 p.m.

• Open access
• Published: 13 May 2024

The impact of the world’s first regulatory, multi-setting intervention on sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents (ENERGISE): a natural experiment evaluation

• Bai Li   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-9799 1 ,
• Selene Valerino-Perea 2 ,
• Weiwen Zhou 3 ,
• Yihong Xie 4 ,
• Keith Syrett 5 ,
• Remco Peters 1 ,
• Zouyan He 4 ,
• Yunfeng Zou 4 ,
• Frank de Vocht 6 , 7 &
• Charlie Foster 1  

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity volume  21 , Article number:  53 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

804 Accesses

122 Altmetric

Metrics details

Regulatory actions are increasingly used to tackle issues such as excessive alcohol or sugar intake, but such actions to reduce sedentary behaviour remain scarce. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on sedentary behaviour call for system-wide policies. The Chinese government introduced the world’s first nation-wide multi-setting regulation on multiple types of sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents in July 2021. This regulation restricts when (and for how long) online gaming businesses can provide access to pupils; the amount of homework teachers can assign to pupils according to their year groups; and when tutoring businesses can provide lessons to pupils. We evaluated the effect of this regulation on sedentary behaviour safeguarding pupils.

With a natural experiment evaluation design, we used representative surveillance data from 9- to 18-year-old pupils before and after the introduction of the regulation, for longitudinal ( n  = 7,054, matched individuals, primary analysis) and repeated cross-sectional ( n  = 99,947, exploratory analysis) analyses. We analysed pre-post differences for self-reported sedentary behaviour outcomes (total sedentary behaviour time, screen viewing time, electronic device use time, homework time, and out-of-campus learning time) using multilevel models, and explored differences by sex, education stage, residency, and baseline weight status.

Longitudinal analyses indicated that pupils had reduced their mean total daily sedentary behaviour time by 13.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -15.9 to -11.7%, approximately 46 min) and were 1.20 times as likely to meet international daily screen time recommendations (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.32) one month after the introduction of the regulation compared to the reference group (before its introduction). They were on average 2.79 times as likely to meet the regulatory requirement on homework time (95% CI: 2.47 to 3.14) than the reference group and reduced their daily total screen-viewing time by 6.4% (95% CI: -9.6 to -3.3%, approximately 10 min). The positive effects were more pronounced among high-risk groups (secondary school and urban pupils who generally spend more time in sedentary behaviour) than in low-risk groups (primary school and rural pupils who generally spend less time in sedentary behaviour). The exploratory analyses showed comparable findings.

Conclusions

This regulatory intervention has been effective in reducing total and specific types of sedentary behaviour among Chinese children and adolescents, with the potential to reduce health inequalities. International researchers and policy makers may explore the feasibility and acceptability of implementing regulatory interventions on sedentary behaviour elsewhere.

The growing prevalence of sedentary behaviour in school-aged children and adolescents bears significant social, economic and health burdens in China and globally [ 1 ]–[ 3 ]. Sedentary behaviour refers to any waking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure equal or lower than 1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) while sitting, reclining, or lying [ 3 ]. Evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses and longitudinal studies have shown that excessive sedentary behaviour, in particular recreational screen-based sedentary behaviour, affect multiple dimensions of children and adolescents’ wellbeing, spanning across mental health [ 4 ], cognitive functions/developmental health/academic performance [ 5 ], [ 6 ], quality of life [ 7 ], and physical health [ 8 ]. In China, over 60% of school pupils use part of their sleep time to play mobile phones/digital games and watch TV programmes, and 27% use their sleep time to do homework or other learning activities [ 9 ]. Screen-based, sedentary entertainment has become the leading cause for going to bed late, which is linked to detrimental consequences for children’s physical and mental health [ 10 ]. Notably, academic-related activities such as post-school homework and off campus tutoring also contribute to the increasing amounts of sedentary behaviour. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report, China is the leading country in time spent on homework by adolescents (14 h/week on average) [ 11 ].

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this global challenge, with children and adolescents reported to have been the most affected group [ 12 ]. Schools are a frequently targeted setting for interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour [ 13 ]. However, school-based interventions have had limited success when delivered under real-world conditions or at scale [ 14 ]. School-based interventions alone have also been unsuccessful in mitigating the trend of increasing sedentary behaviour that is driven by a complex system of interdependent factors across multiple sectors [ 13 ]. Even for parents and carers who intend to restrict screen-based sedentary behaviour and for children who wish to reduce screen-based sedentary behaviour, social factors including peer pressure often form barriers to changing behaviour [ 15 ]. In multiple public health fields such as tobacco control and healthy eating promotion, there has been a notable shift away from downstream (e.g., health education) towards an upstream intervention approach (e.g., sugar taxation). However, regulatory actions for sedentary behaviour are scarce [ 16 ]. World Health Organization (WHO) 2020 guidelines on sedentary behaviour encourage sustainable and scalable approaches for limiting sedentary behaviour and call for more system-wide policies to improve this global challenge [ 8 ]. Up-stream interventions can act on sedentary behaviour more holistically and have the potential to maximise reach and health impact [ 13 ]. In response to this pressing issue, and to widespread demands from many parents/carers, the Chinese government introduced nationwide regulations in 2021 to restrict (i) the amount of homework that teachers can assign, (ii) when (and for how long) online gaming businesses can provide access to young people, and (iii) when tutoring businesses can provide lessons [ 17 ], [ 18 ]. Consultations with WHO officials and reviewers of international health policy interventions confirmed that this is currently the only government-led, multi-setting regulatory intervention on multiple types of sedentary behaviour among school-aged children and adolescents. A detailed description of this programme is available in the Additional File 1 .

We evaluated the impact of this regulatory intervention on sedentary behaviour in Chinese school-aged children and adolescents. We also investigated whether and how intervention effects differed by sex, education stage, geographical area, and baseline weight status.

Study design

The introduction of the nationwide regulation provided a unique opportunity for a natural experiment evaluation where the pre-regulation comparator group data (Wave 1) was compared to the post-regulation group data (Wave 2). Multiple components of the intervention (see Additional File 1 ) were introduced in phases from July 2021 with all components being fully in place by September 2021 [ 17 ], [ 18 ]. This paper follows the STROBE reporting guidance [ 19 ], [ 20 ].

Data source, study population and sampling

We obtained regionally representative data on 99,947 pupils who are resident in the Chinese province of Guangxi as part of Guangxi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) routine surveillance. The data, available from participants in grade 4 (aged between 9 and 10 years) and higher, were collected using a multi-stage random sampling design (Fig.  1 ) through school visits by trained health professionals following standardised protocols (see Supplementary Fig.  1 , Additional File 1 ). In Wave 1 (data collected from September to November 2020), pupils were randomly selected from schools in 31 urban/rural counties from 14 cities in Guangxi. At least eight schools, including primary, secondary, high schools, and ‘vocational high schools’, were selected from urban counties. Five schools were selected from rural counties. Approximately 80 students were randomly selected from each grade at the schools selected. The same schools were invited to participate in Wave 2 (data collected from September to November 2021), and new schools were invited to replace Wave 1 schools that no longer participated. Children with available data at both Wave 1 and Wave 2 represented approximately 10% of the sample ( n  = 7,587). Paper-based questionnaires were administrated to students by trained personnel or teachers. The questionnaires were designed and validated by China National Health Commission, and have been utilised in routine surveillance throughout the country.

Flow diagram of participants included in the ENERGISE study

We used data from the age groups 7–18 years for most analyses. For specific analyses of homework and out-of-campus tutoring, we excluded high school pupils (16–18 years) because the homework and out-of-campus tutoring regulations apply to primary (7–12 years) and middle (13–15 years) school pupils only. Furthermore, participants without socio-demographic data or those who reported medical history of disease, or a physical disability were excluded. This gave us a total sample of 7,054 eligible school-aged children and adolescents with matching data (longitudinal sample).

Outcomes and subgroups

Guangxi CDC used purposively designed questions for surveillance purposes to assess sedentary behaviour outcomes (Table  1 ).

The primary outcomes of interest included: (1) total sedentary behaviour time, (2) homework time, (3) out-of-campus learning (private tutoring) time, and (4) electronic device use time (Table  1 ). We considered electronic device use time, including mobile phones, handheld game consoles, and tablets, the most suitable estimator of online game time (estimand) in the surveillance programme since these are the main devices used for online gaming in China [ 23 ]. Secondary outcomes were: (1) total screen-viewing time, (2) internet-use time, (3) likelihood of meeting international screen-viewing time recommendations, and (4) likelihood of meeting the regulation on homework time (Table  1 ).

We calculated total sedentary behaviour time as the sum of total screen-viewing time (secondary outcome), homework time, and out-of-campus learning time (Table  1 ). Total screen-viewing time represents the sum of electronic device use time per day, TV/video game use time per day, and computer use time per day (Table  1 ). Total screen-viewing time was considered as an alternative estimator of online game time (estimand) since TV/videogame console use time and computer time could also capture the small proportion of children who use these devices for online gaming (Table  1 ). The international screen-viewing time recommendations were based on the American Academy of Paediatrics guidelines [ 21 ]. We did not include internet use time (secondary outcome) in total screen-viewing time, and total sedentary behaviour time, because this measure likely overlaps with other variables.

We defined subgroups by demographic characteristics, including the child’s sex (at birth: girls or boys), date of birth, education stage [primary school or secondary school [including middle school, high school, and ‘occupational schools’]), children’s residency (urban versus rural) and children’s baseline weight status (non-overweight versus overweight/obesity). Each sampling site selected for the survey was classified by the surveillance personnel as urban/rural and as lower-, medium-, or higher-economic level based on the area’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The area’s GDP per capita was measured by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Trained personnel also measured height, and weight using calibrated stadiometers and scales. Children’s weight/height were measured with light clothing and no shoes. Measurements during both waves were undertaken when students lived a normal life (no lockdowns, school were opened normally). We classified weight status (normal weight vs. overweight/obesity) according to the Chinese national reference charts [ 24 ].

Statistical analyses

We treated sedentary behaviour values that exceeded 24-hours per day as missing. We did not exclude extreme values for body mass index from the analyses 25 . Additional information, justifications, and results of implausible and missing values can be found in the Supplementary Table 1 , Additional File 1 .

The assumptions for normality and heteroscedasticity were assessed visually by inspecting residuals. We assessed multicollinearity via variance inflation factors. The outcome variables for linear regression outcomes were transformed using square roots to meet assumptions. We reported descriptive demographic characteristics (age, sex, area of residence, socioeconomic status), weight status, and outcome variables using means (or medians for non-normally distributed data) and proportions [ 26 ]

We ran multilevel models with random effects nested at the school and child levels to compare the outcomes in Wave 1 against Wave 2. We developed separate models for each sedentary behaviour outcome variable. We treated the introduction of the nationwide regulation as the independent binary variable (0 for Wave 1 and 1 for Wave 2). We ran linear models for continuous outcomes, logistic models for binary outcomes, and ordered logistic models for ordinal outcomes in a complete case analysis estimating population average treatment effects [ 27 ]. For the main analysis, in which participants had measurements in both Waves (longitudinal sample), only those with non-missing data at both time points were included.

We estimated marginal effects for each sedentary behaviour outcome. With a self-developed directed acyclic graph (DAG) we identified age (continuous), sex (male/female), area of residence (urban/rural), and socioeconomic status (high/medium/low) as confounders (see Supplementary Figs. 2–4, Additional File 1 ).

We evaluated subgroup effects defined by child’s sex at birth (boys versus girls), child’s stage of education (primary school versus secondary school [including middle school, high school, and ‘occupational schools’]), children’s residency (rural versus urban), and children’s baseline weight status (non-overweight versus overweight/obesity). We also repeated the covariate-adjusted model with interaction terms (between Wave and sex; Wave and child stage of education; Wave and residency; and Wave and weight status). We adjusted for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction ( p 0.05 divided by the number of performed tests for an outcome). The resulting cut-off point of p  < 0.005 was used to determine the presence of any interaction effects.

We also conducted exploratory analyses (including subgroup analyses) by evaluating the same models with a representative, cross-sectional sample of 99,947 pupils. This cross-sectional sample included different schools and children at Wave 1 and Wave 2. We therefore used propensity score (PS) weighting to account for sample imbalances in the socio-demographic characteristics. Propensity scores were calculated by conducting a logistic regression, which calculated the likelihood of each individual to be in Wave 2 (dependent variable). Individual’s age, sex, area of residence and the GDP per area were treated as independent variables. Subsequently, inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to balance the demographic characteristics in the sample in Wave 1 (unexposed to the regulatory intervention) and Wave 2 (exposed to the regulatory intervention). The sample weight for individuals in Wave 1 were calculated using the Eq. 1/ (1-propensity score). The sample weight for individuals in Wave 2 were calculated using the Eq. 1/propensity score [ 28 ].

We only ran linear models for continuous outcomes since it was not possible to run PS-weighted multilevel models with this sample size in Stata. We conducted all statistical analyses in Stata version 16.0.

Participant sample

In our primary, longitudinal analyses, we analysed data from 7,054 children and adolescents. The mean age was 12.3 years (SD, 2.4) and 3,477 (49.3%) were girls (Table  2 ). More detailed information on characteristics of subgroups in the longitudinal sample are presented in the Supplementary Tables 2–5, Additional File 2 .

Primary outcomes

Children and adolescents reported a reduction in their daily mean total sedentary behaviour time by 13.8% (95% CI: -15.9 to -11.7), or 46 min, on average between Waves 1 and 2. Participants were also less likely to report having increased their time spent on homework (adjusted odd ratio/AOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.35–0.43) and in out-of-campus learning (AOR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.59) in Wave 2 in comparison to Wave 1, respectively (Tables  3 and 4 ). We did not find any changes in electronic device use time.

Secondary outcomes

Participants reported reducing their mean daily screen-viewing time by 6.4% (95% CI: -9.6 to -3.3%), or 10 min, on average (Tables  3 and 4 ). Participants were also 20% as likely to meet international screen time recommendations (AOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.32) and were 2.79 times as likely to meet the regulatory requirement on homework time (95% CI: 2.47 to 3.14) compared to the reference group (before the introduction of the regulation).

Subgroup analyses

Most screen- and study-related sedentary behaviour outcomes differed by education stage ( p  < 0.005) (see Supplementary Tables 6–13, Additional File 2 ), with the reductions being larger in secondary school pupils than in primary school pupils (Tables  3 and 4 , and Table  5 ). Only secondary school pupils reduced their total screen-viewing time (-8.4%; 95% CI: -12.4 to -4.3) and were also 1.41 times as likely to meet screen-viewing recommendations (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.61) at Wave 2 compared to Wave 1.

Conversely, at Wave 2, primary school pupils reported a lower likelihood of spending more time doing homework (AOR: 0.30; 95%: 0.26 to 0.34) than secondary school pupils (AOR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.67) compared to their counterparts at Wave 1. At Wave 2, primary school pupils also had a higher likelihood of reporting meeting homework time recommendations (AOR: 3.61; 95% CI: 3.09 to 4.22) than secondary school pupils (middle- and high school) (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.74 to 2.56) compared to their counterparts at Wave 1 (Table  5 ). There was also a residence interaction effect ( p  < 0.001) in total sedentary behaviour time, with participants in urban areas reporting larger reductions (-15.3%; 95% CI: -17.8 to -12.7) than those in rural areas (-11.2%; 95% CI: -15.0 to -7.4). There was no evidence of modifying effects by children’s sex or baseline weight status (Tables  4 and 5 ).

Findings from the exploratory repeated cross-sectional analyses were similar to the findings of the main longitudinal analyses including total sedentary behaviour time, electronic device use time, total screen-viewing time and internet use time (see Supplementary Tables 14–23, Additional File 2 ).

Principal findings

Our study evaluated the impact of the world’s first regulatory, multi-setting intervention on multiple types of sedentary behaviour among school-aged children and adolescents in China. We found that children and adolescents reduced their total sedentary behaviour time, screen-viewing time, homework time and out-of-campus learning time following its implementation. The positive intervention effects on total screen-viewing time (-8.4 vs. -2.3%), and the likelihood of meeting recommendations on screen-viewing time (1.41 vs. 1.02 AOR) were more pronounced in secondary school pupils compared with primary school pupils. Intervention effects on total sedentary behaviour time (-15.3 vs. -11.2%) were more pronounced among pupils living in the urban area (compared to pupils living in the rural area). These subgroup differences imply that the regulatory intervention benefit more the groups known to have a higher rate of sedentary behaviour [ 29 ].

Interestingly, the observed reduction in electronic device use itself did not reach statistical significance following implementation of regulation. This could be viewed as a positive outcome if this is correctly inferred and not the result of reporting bias or measurement error. International data indicated that average sedentary and total screen time have increased among children due to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 12 ]. However, such interesting finding might be explained by the absence of lockdowns in Guangxi during both surveillance waves when most school-aged students outside China were affected by pandemic mitigation measures such as online learning.

Strengths and weaknesses

Our study has several notable strengths. This is the first study to evaluate the impact of multi-setting nationwide regulations on multiple types of sedentary behaviour in a large and regionally representative sample of children and adolescents. Still, to gain a more comprehensive view of the regulatory intervention on sedentary behaviour across China, similar evaluation research should be conducted in other regions of China. Furthermore, access to a rich longitudinal dataset allowed for more robust claims of causality. The available data also allowed us to measure the effect of the intervention on multiple sedentary behaviours including recreational screen-time and academic-related behaviours. Lastly, the large data set allowed us to explore whether the effect of the regulatory intervention varied across important subgroups, suggesting areas for further research and development.

Some limitations need to be taken into consideration when interpreting our findings. First, a common limitation in non-controlled/non-randomised intervention studies is residual confounding. We aimed to limit this by adjusting our analysis for confounders known to impact the variables of interest, but it is impossible to know whether important confounding may still have been present. With maturation bias, it is possible that secular trends are the cause for any observed effects. However, this seems unlikely in our study as older children may spend more time doing homework [ 23 ] and engage more in screen-viewing activities [ 30 ]. In this study, we observed reductions in these outcomes. The use of self-reported outcomes (social desirability bias) was a limitation and might have led to the intervention effects being over-estimated [ 13 ]. However, since our data were collected as part of a routine surveillance programme, pupils were unaware of the evaluation. This might mitigate reporting bias. In addition, the data were collected in Guangxi which might not representative of the whole population in China. Another limitation is using electronic device use time as a proxy measure of online gaming time. It is possible that electronic devices can be used for other purposes. However, mobile phones, handheld game consoles and tablets are the main devices used for online gaming. In this study, electronic device use time provided a practical means of assessing the broad effects of regulatory measures on screen time behaviours, including online gaming, in a large (province level) surveillance programme. In the future, instruments specifically designed to capture online gaming behaviour should be used in surveillance and research work.

Comparisons with other studies

Neither China nor other countries globally have previously implemented and evaluated multi-setting regulatory interventions on multiple types of sedentary behaviour, which makes comparative discussions challenging. In general, results of health behaviour research over the past decades have shown that interventions that address structural and environmental determinants of multiple behaviours to be more effective in comparison with individual-focussed interventions [ 31 ]. Furthermore, the continuous and universal elements of regulatory interventions may be particularly important explanations for the observed reductions in sedentary behaviour. Standalone school and other institution-led interventions may struggle with financial and logistic costs which threaten long-term implementation [ 13 ]. In contrast, the universality element of regulatory intervention can reduce or remove peer pressures and potential stigmatisation among children and teachers that are often associated with more selective/targeted interventions [ 24 ]. Our findings support WHO guidelines for physical activity and sedentary behaviour that encourage sustainable and scalable approaches for limiting sedentary behaviour and call for more system-wide policies to improve this global challenge[ 8 ].

Implications for future policy and research

Our study has important implications for future research and practice both nationally and internationally. Within China, future research should focus on optimising the implementation of the regulatory intervention through implementation research and assess long-term effects of the regulation on both behavioral and health outcomes. Internationally, our findings also provide a promising policy avenue for other countries and communities outside of China to explore the opportunities and barriers to implement such programmes on sedentary behaviour. This exploratory process could start with assessing how key stakeholders (including school-aged children, parents/carers, schoolteachers, health professionals, and policy makers) within different country contexts perceive regulatory actions as an intervention approach for improving health and wellbeing in young people, and how they can be tailored to fit their own contexts. Within public health domains, including healthy eating promotion, tobacco and alcohol control, regulatory intervention approaches (e.g., smoking bans and sugar taxation) have been adopted. However, regulatory actions for sedentary behaviour are scarce [ 19 ]. Within the education sector, some countries recently banned mobile phone use in schools for academic purpose [ 25 ]. While this implies potential feasibility and desirability of such interventions internationally, there is little research on the demand for, and acceptability of, multi-faceted sedentary behaviour regulatory interventions for the purpose of improving health and wellbeing. It will be particularly important to identify and understand any differences in perceptions and feasibility both within (e.g., public versus policy makers) and across countries of differing socio-cultural-political environments.

This natural experiment evaluation indicates that a multi-setting, regulatory intervention on sedentary behaviour has been effective in reducing total sedentary behaviour, and multiple types of sedentary behaviour among Chinese school-aged children and adolescents. Contextually appropriate, regulatory interventions on sedentary behaviour could be explored and considered by researchers and policy makers in other countries.

Data availability

Access to anonymised data used in this study can be requested through the corresponding author BL, subject to approval by the Guangxi CDC. WZ and SVP have full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Abbreviations

Centre for disease control and prevention

Directed acyclic graph

Gross domestic product

Metabolic equivalents

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Dr Peter Green and Dr Ruth Salway for providing feedback on the initial data analysis plan, and Dr Hugo Pedder and Lauren Scott who provided feedback on the statistical analyses.

This work was funded by the Wellcome Trust through the Global Public Health Research Strand, Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research. The funder of our study had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

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School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China

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Centre for Health, Law, and Society, School of Law, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

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Contributions

BL conceived the study idea and obtained the funding with support from WZ, CF, KS, YX, YZ, ZH and RP. BL, CF, FdV and KS designed the study. WZ led data collection and provided access to the data. YX, SVP and ZH cleaned the data. SVP analysed the data with guidance from BL, FdV and CF. BL, SVP and RP drafted the paper which was revised by other authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript for submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bai Li .

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Ethics approvals were granted by the School for Policy Studies Research Ethics Committee at the University of Bristol (reference number SPSREC/20–21/168) and the Research Ethics Committee at Guangxi Medical University (reference number 0136). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant, and a parent or guardian for participants aged < 20 years.

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Li, B., Valerino-Perea, S., Zhou, W. et al. The impact of the world’s first regulatory, multi-setting intervention on sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents (ENERGISE): a natural experiment evaluation. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 21 , 53 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01591-w

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Why AP called Maryland’s Senate primaries for Alsobrooks and Hogan: Race calls explained

Signs are pictured outside an early voting center on Thursday, May 9, 2024, in Rockville, Md. President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump look to pad their delegate totals in Maryland Tuesday, May 14. Maryland voters will also decide contested primaries in a Senate race that has further complicated Democratic efforts to keep control of the narrowly divided chamber this fall. The leading Democratic primary candidates are Rep. David Trone and Prince George’s County Executive Angela Alsobrooks. (AP Photo/Robert Yoon)

FILE - Prince George’s County Executive Angela Alsobrooks, center, listens during a bill hearing in Maryland, Jan. 23, 2020, in Annapolis, Md. Democrats voting in Maryland’s contentious primary for U.S. Senate are divided about who is best positioned to beat Republican former Gov. Larry Hogan. Alsobrooks and Congressman David Trone are the most prominent candidates in the Democratic primary. (AP Photo/Brian Witte, File)

FILE - Former republican Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan visits the Bridge Boat Show in Stevensville, Md., April 12, 2024. Democrats voting in Maryland’s contentious primary for Senate are divided about who is best positioned to beat Hogan. Congressman David Trone and Prince George’s County Executive Angela Alsobrooks are the most prominent candidates in the Democratic primary. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File)

FILE - U.S. Rep. David Trone, D-Md., speaks at a news conference Jan. 17, 2019, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Democrats voting in Maryland’s contentious primary for U.S. Senate are divided about who is best positioned to beat Republican former Gov. Larry Hogan. Trone and Prince George’s County Executive Angela Alsobrooks are the most prominent candidates in the Democratic primary. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)

Signs are pictured outside an early voting center on Thursday, May 9, 2024, in Rockville, Md. President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump look to pad their delegate totals in Maryland Tuesday, May 14. Maryland voters will also decide contested primaries in a Senate race. Former GOP Gov. Larry Hogan’s late entry into the race has given Republicans hope of a possible pick-up in a state that hasn’t elected a Republican U.S. senator since 1980. The leading Democratic primary candidates are U.S. Rep. David Trone and Prince George’s County Executive Angela Alsobrooks. (AP Photo/Robert Yoon)

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WASHINGTON (AP) — The Associated Press declared Democrat Angela Alsobrooks and Republican former Gov. Larry Hogan the winners in their primaries for the U.S. Senate in Maryland on Tuesday.

The race is expected to be competitive in November, when Hogan will try to become the first Republican from Maryland to win a U.S. Senate seat since 1980. If Alsobrooks wins this fall, she would become the first Black U.S. senator in the state’s history.

The AP only declares a winner once it can determine that a trailing candidate can’t close the gap and overtake the vote leader.

Here’s a look at how the AP called these races.

U.S. Senate from Maryland, Democratic primary

Candidates: Prince George’s County Executive Angela Alsobrooks, U.S. Rep. David Trone, eight others

Winner: Alsobrooks

Called at: 9:55 p.m. ET

Poll closing time: 8 p.m. ET

About the race: Alsobrooks and Trone were in a competitive race for the Democratic nomination to replace Democratic incumbent Ben Cardin, who is retiring after three terms.

The contest pit candidates from the state’s two most populous counties: Montgomery and Prince George’s. Trone represents the northern portion of Montgomery County in Congress, along with all of more conservative western Maryland. Alsobrooks is the chief executive in Prince George’s County, the state’s second most populous county and the county with the highest share of Black residents in the state.

Trone is co-founder and co-owner of wine retailer Total Wine and poured more than $61 million of his own money into the race, far outspending Alsobrooks.

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Much of the state’s Democratic establishment has rallied behind Alsobrooks, namely Gov. Wes Moore, U.S. Sen. Chris Van Hollen and almost all of the state’s U.S. House delegation.

Why AP called the race: Alsobrooks was leading Trone by almost 9 percentage points statewide, with partial vote results in from every county in the state, when the AP called the race.

To win, Alsobrooks needed to run up the vote in her home county of Prince George’s, while limiting Trone’s expected lead in his home county of Montgomery. Initial vote results showed Alsobrooks doing exactly that. She had built almost a three-to-one lead in Prince George’s County when the race was called, while holding Trone to the narrowest of leads in Montgomery, where he would have needed a lopsided victory.

Within 30 minutes of the race call, Alsobrooks overtook Trone for the lead in Montgomery. Alsobrooks had a big statewide lead over Trone in votes cast on primary day and a narrow lead among votes cast by mail or in-person before primary day. Trone was ahead comfortably in western Maryland, but had a much narrower lead on the Eastern Shore. But his leads there were not enough to offset Alsobrooks’ early leads in Prince George’s as well in Baltimore City and Baltimore County, where the large amounts of outstanding ballots were also likely to favor Alsobrooks.

U.S. Senate from Maryland, Republican primary

Candidates: Former Gov. Larry Hogan, former state Rep. Robin Ficker, five others

Winner: Hogan

Called at: 8:38 p.m. ET

About the race: Hogan’s late entry into the GOP primary gave his party a rare pickup opportunity in a usually reliable Democratic state. The two-term governor has been a vocal critic of former President Donald Trump and briefly flirted with a presidential bid last year. Hogan’s opposition to Trump might appeal to moderates and independents in the general election, but it could have created an opening for a candidate from the right to win over Trump supporters in the more conservative corners of the state. Ficker was Hogan’s chief opponent for the GOP nomination. He’s a former state representative, a recently disbarred attorney and frequent candidate. Before Hogan entered the race, Ficker had the biggest war chest of the rest of the Republican field. He has also run television advertisements aligning himself with Trump and his policies.

Why AP called the race: At the moment the AP declared Hogan the winner in the GOP primary, he led Ficker by about 67% to 25%, with most of the state reporting partial results. Hogan more than doubled Ficker’s performance in central and more conservative western Maryland, as well as on the Eastern Shore. Those areas were Ficker’s best chances of winning over Trump supporters who might have been alienated by Hogan’s opposition to the former president.

Ficker led Hogan in some of the counties Hogan lost in his successful 2014 primary bid for governor, such as Somerset, Dorchester and Garrett, but not by nearly enough to offset Hogan’s leads elsewhere in the state.

In the more populous areas of Prince George’s county in the Washington suburbs and in Baltimore City and Baltimore County, Hogan more than tripled Ficker’s vote totals at the time the race was called. Montgomery County, also in the Washington suburbs, had not reported results at the time the winner was declared, but by 9 p.m. ET, Hogan had more than quadrupled Ficker’s vote total in the state’s most populous county. These are some of the most Democratic-friendly counties in the state, where more moderate voters helped propel Hogan to his gubernatorial primary victory in 2014. Hogan was also far ahead of Ficker both among votes cast before primary day as well as votes cast in-person on primary day, and those leads have grown since the race was called.

Associated Press reporter Maya Sweedler contributed to this report.

Amazon Prime has framework deal for NBA broadcast rights, per sources, putting pressure on TNT, NBC

In what will be a landmark move in sports media history, the NBA and Amazon Prime Video have the framework of a deal that will make the streaming service one of the main homes for the league’s games, executives with direct knowledge of the talks told The Athletic .

It is expected that Prime Video’s package will include significant regular-season and postseason games, perhaps even some conference finals. The anticipation is that the final contract will be for at least a decade and begin the 2025-2026 season.

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ESPN/ABC, as the website Puck reported Thursday, also has a framework of a deal with the expectations that an agreement will be completed. ESPN/ABC is expected to keep the NBA Finals on its networks for the duration of its deals. Like Amazon, ESPN’s new contract also is expected to be at least a decade in length.

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All of the details are not finalized yet, but all sides are under the expectations they will get done. The NBA, Amazon and ESPN all declined to comment.

The NBA prefers to have three companies involved in its new deals but has not ruled out adding a fourth.

The NBA is finishing nine-year deals that pay it $2.6 billion on average from ESPN and TNT Sports. Those contracts end after the 2024-2025 season.

The advancement in the Amazon and ESPN talks leaves incumbent Warner Bros. Discovery, which owns network TNT Sports, to face off with NBC, owned by Comcast, for the likely last package of games. Warner Bros. Discovery has the right to match deals, but NBC could structure an agreement in a way that makes it difficult.

While there is still work to be completed for the final arrangements, the current packages are going to be pruned slightly to create the third partner. In one arrangement, ESPN will cut down from around 100 games to around 80, according to executives briefed on the talks.

A natural landing spot for Amazon’s regular-season games could be Thursday night, where it already has the NFL from September to early January. In recent years, the NBA has moved its games off Thursday during that time to not go head-to-head with the NFL. It is expected to then have significant playoff inventory. Amazon has shown interest in global rights, which has been a key part of the NBA’s negotiating strategy as it lined all of its domestic and international deals to end following the 2024-2025 season.

The NBA has made it clear that it wanted to define itself for the next frontier of viewing with streaming at the forefront.

With ESPN, Amazon and the NBA all under the impression that they will complete deals, this puts the onus on TNT Sports, which has had the NBA since 1984. It is in a fight with NBC, which was the lead partner of the NBA before losing its rights in 2002. NBC, with its streaming service Peacock, wants back in and is competing with Warner Bros. Discovery Sports for a deal.

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• What to expect in the NBA’s next media deal: Amazon, NBC contenders to join

(Photo: David Dow / NBAE via Getty Images)

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Andrew Marchand is a Sr. Sports Media Columnist for The Athletic. He previously worked for the New York Post and ESPN, where he predominantly covered sports media and baseball. In 2023, Marchand was named one of five finalists for The Big Lead's "Insider of the Year" in all of sports.

West Virginia Governor Primary Results 2024

A crowded field of Republicans are seeking to succeed Gov. Jim Justice, who is running in the GOP Senate primary. State Attorney General Patrick Morrisey, former state legislator Moore Capito (the son of Sen. Shelley Moore Capito), car dealer Chris Miller, Secretary of State Mac Warner and others will all be on Tuesday's primary ballot in the red state.

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