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GARRI PROCESSING BUSINEss proposal

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Cassava is a very important food crop that is capable of providing food security. However, a lot of problems prevent the development and use of modern equipment for its production. Most of the cassava produced still comes from peasant farmers who depend on manual tools for their field operations and these farmers have made Nigeria the world's largest producer of the crop. An increase in production of cassava to sustain the world food security needs improved machinery to allow its continuous cultivation and processing. Reasons for the low success recorded in the mechanization of cassava harvesting and processing were traced, and the attempts that have been made in the recent past by various engineers in Nigeria researching towards achieving mechanized harvesting and processing of cassava are well explained. The machinery required for cassava production in Africa, the development of new machines, and the need for more research and development in harvesting and processing machineries, which can reduce poverty worldwide and make food available and accessible for all, are also discussed. Research efforts made and the challenges facing the engineers, farmers, scientists and food processors towards achieving mechanical harvesting and processing of cassava are presented. Breeding a cassava variety with a regular shape for easy mechanization is one solution that could help the engineers worldwide.

Abstract Improper management of solid wastes and problems of pollution have been the bane of life of many urban community residents in Nigeria. Waste generation is an inevitable fact of living. With increase in population and industrial activities come the increase in waste generation. One of such industries is the agro-food processing industries. In Nigeria, cassava is a food item predominantly processed, being a starchy staple food crop which can be converted into myriads of edible and industrial raw materials. Recognising the importance of cassava food crop and its growing production rate in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria, this study focused on evaluating the cassava production activities in six selected cassava processing sites in the city. The cassava roots delivery rates, the waste generation rates, waste composition, cassava processing energy needs and the attitudes of the people towards cassava waste management were some of the issues investigated. Results showed that the percentage and composition of solid waste (Peels and bagasse) and liquid waste generated during cassava processing depends on the nature of the final product and this varied also according to market demand of products. Fufu (cooked cassava paste after fermentation) produced more liquid waste and baggase than cassava starch and garri (toasted cassava granules). Fufu was produced more frequently than other products due to its much-reduced production cost and high market demand as compared to other products. It was found out that all of the solid wastes produced were organic in nature and can be recycled, recovered and reused. Between 25 – 30% of the cassava peels and bagasse were utilized as feedstock for livestock (goat and pigs) while the remaining 70 – 75% of cassava peels, bagasse and waste effluent were discharged indiscriminately into nearby bushes and water bodies. The only source of energy for processing fufu and garri is firewood which is usually obtained from cutting down forest trees. The study came up with a low-cost, sustainable strategy to provide an alternative renewable energy source to firewood which will also ensure a proper solid waste management for the cassava processing industries. Keywords: Cassava waste, rural regions, sustainable development, renewable energy, Nigeria

Proceedings of 50 th AnnuallConferenceeoffAgriculturallSocietyoffNigeria(ASN) " Abia " NRCRI U m u d i k e | 3 r d – 7 t h O c t o b e r 2 0 1 6 | ABSTRACT Economic of garri processing in Ivo Local Government Area of Ebonyi was studied using 100 garri processors selected using multi-stage random sampling technique. Structured questionnaire were used to collect data bothering on the objectives of the study. The results showed that garri processing is profitable in the study area with average profit value of N23,914. Furthermore, among the constraints to garri processing were inadequate rawmaterials,highhlabourrcostanddpoorraccessstoocredit.Policiesthatwilllenhanceeprocessors'accessstoocredits and raw materials should be formulated. INTRODUCTION Cassava is a major root crop grown for food, cash and raw materials for agro allied firms in form of starch, alcohol and among others. It is the second most important staple crop after maize in terms of calories consumed (Nweke, 2004). Nigeria is the highest producer of cassava in the world with annual production of 38.179 million metric tons (IITA, 2005; Onwumere, 2010). Post-harvest deterioration is a major problem with the crop and tackling this problem will open the crop potentials in fighting poverty. FAO (2004) reported that amongst the ways to overcome the aforesaid problem is through processing. Processing has the capability of reducing the bulkiness of the crop, reduction in transportation costs, extends shelf life as well as adding value to the products (Anyaegbulam, 2010). In Nigeria among the major staples, cassava can be processed into, garri is the most popular and indispensable staple food (Mensa, 2002). The reasons include it is ready to eat, storable and easily processed to conform to the organoleptic preference of the consumers (FAO, 2004). Statistics on garri consumption according to Anyaegbulam (2010) reported that approximately 28.41 million people and 31% of Nigerian community consume garri once, twice and thrice daily respectively. Cassava is processed into garri at village levels by variety of small scale methods using graters, millers and pressers. Nevertheless, these processors are beset with problems bothering on climatic factors, inadequate raw materials, high cost of labour, firewood problems, especially during rainy season, high energy costs. Others are poor access to credit, high cost of machine spare parts and competition among processors (Ezedinma and Otti, 2001; FAO, 2004). The study tends to examine the profitability of the enterprise and the constraints confronting garri processors.

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