Present perfect exercises for elementary - advanced learners of English as a foreign language.
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
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By: Author Susan Parker
Posted on Published: November 17, 2021
English tenses can be very confusing, but they’re very important because getting them wrong can result in misunderstanding. Verb tenses tell you when something happens, which is simple when we’re just referring to past, present, and future. However, when we’re linking the past with the present by using present perfect, then we may wonder if we can use “yesterday.”
We cannot use “yesterday” on its own with the present perfect tense because adverbs that refer to a completed time in the past only work with past tenses. However, you can use “since yesterday” in the present perfect tense because that expresses a time period that started yesterday and is still continuing.
This article will explore the present perfect tense and how we should use it. We’ll examine the difference between “yesterday” and “since yesterday” and why we treat them differently. We’ll also consider what tenses we can use with “yesterday” and why.
English has three basic tenses — past, present, and future — and then those three have the perfect, continuous, and perfect continuous forms. Let’s consider the verb “to eat” in each of these tenses to illustrate the point.
Present simple | I breakfast every day. |
Past simple | I breakfast yesterday. |
Future simple | I breakfast tomorrow. |
Present continuous | I breakfast now. |
Past continuous | I breakfast when the mail arrived. |
Future continuous | I breakfast when you arrive. |
Present perfect | I breakfast every day this week. |
Past perfect | I breakfast before she arrived. |
Future perfect | I breakfast by the time you arrive. |
Present perfect continuous | I breakfast most days. |
Past perfect continuous | I breakfast for a while before I saw him. |
Future perfect continuous | I breakfast for a while by then. |
We use the perfect tenses to describe an action that has been absolutely completed or perfected. This is called the “perfect aspect” ( source ). To create the present perfect, we add “has” or “have” to the past participle of the verb.
English speakers use the present perfect tense often, and it has three main uses, as we’ve illustrated in the table below ( source ).
Actions that started in the past and are continuing:
Actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past:
Actions that happened in the past but have an effect on the present:
We can use “yesterday” as an adverb or a noun to describe the day before today, or, in some contexts, it can mean just a short time ago ( source ). Consider the sentences below that illustrate these definitions.
You will notice that whether we are referring specifically to the day before today or, more generally, to a time period in the past, the concept of “yesterday” is a completed period that has already happened.
Since “yesterday” refers to a time period that is past, it would be logical to assume that we must use it in the past tense. Using our original verb “to eat,” let’s consider which verbs we can use with “yesterday.”
Past simple | I breakfast yesterday. |
Past continuous | I breakfast yesterday when the mail arrived. |
Past perfect | I breakfast before she arrived yesterday. |
Past perfect continuous | I breakfast yesterday before I saw him. |
As you will have noticed, we can use all four past tenses with “yesterday” but none of the present or future tenses. This is because “yesterday” is an expression of time that occurs entirely in the past and doesn’t include the present.
We can always use past simple — or any other past tense — with “yesterday” because it refers to the day before today, which is very clearly something that occurred in the past. Other expressions of time that only work in the past include:
All of these can function in the past tenses but cannot work in any other tenses. We sometimes see someone use them incorrectly in the present perfect tense, and we need to recognize the error. Consider the following sentences, which show the incorrect use of “yesterday” in the present perfect tense.
None of these sentences make sense, and we need to rewrite them in the past simple:
With more context, we could also rewrite them in the other past tenses:
I was doing my homework yesterday when the fire started. | I had done my homework yesterday before the fire started. | I had been doing my homework for two hours yesterday when the fire started. |
For more on this topic, read “ Can We Use “Yesterday” W ith Past Perfect? ”
We use the various tenses to express when something happened, and we use aspect to determine whether we are simply expressing a fact or whether the action is completed or ongoing.
The simple tenses are by definition simple — they just express a fact:
However, we use the perfect tenses to illustrate various connections in time. As we’ve already mentioned, the present perfect and present perfect continuous connect the past with the present.
Past perfect and past perfect continuous connect two different times in the past. Meanwhile, the future perfect and future perfect continuous connect an action with the future.
The perfect tenses focus on the completed action, while the perfect continuous tenses focus on that action continuing.
Present perfect | Jack has drunk a soda. |
Present perfect continuous | Jack has been drinking a soda. |
Past perfect | Jack had drunk a soda before he left yesterday. |
Past perfect continuous | Jack had been drinking a soda before he left yesterday. |
Future perfect | Jack will have drunk a soda before you arrive. |
Future perfect continuous | Jack will have been drinking a soda before you arrive. |
We use the present perfect tenses most often. Usually, we use them to talk about something we have done in the past that is still relevant today. When you’re introducing yourself or telling someone about your past, you will use these tenses extensively.
We don’t use the past perfect tenses quite as often, but they are still very useful. You will use this tense when telling stories because it helps to differentiate between various times in the past. We can use it to connect two past actions or to connect a past action with a past time. This is why we use this tense with “yesterday.”
We use the future perfect tenses least often, but they’re still useful when talking about plans or goals. You may use this tense to talk about what will have to be completed before a specific future time.
Since yesterday is an acceptable phrase. If we add “since” to create the phrase “since yesterday,” we are dealing with a different time expression. “Since” means from a time in the past until now, so “since yesterday” means from the day before today until now ( source ).
In this case, “since yesterday” doesn’t only occur in the past. It links the present with the past, so we can use it in the present perfect tense. Consider the sentences below.
We use “since” to express time, and it can work as an adverb, preposition, or conjunction, depending on how we position it in a sentence.
As a preposition, we follow “since” with a noun:
As an adverb, we do not follow “since” with a noun:
As a conjunction, it connects two clauses:
As an expression of time, “since” means either:
From a time in the past until another time in the past.
In the first instance, when constructing a sentence using “since,” we will always use the present perfect tense in the main clause. However, after “since,” we can either use present perfect to describe the time from the past up until the present or simple past tense to describe the time from the past up until another point in the past.
Consider the examples below that illustrate these two possibilities.
Using present perfect after “since” to describe the time from the past up until the present:
Using simple past after “since” to describe the time from the past up until another point in the past:
In the second instance, we most often use past perfect tense in the main clause and past simple after “since.” Consider the examples below:
Sally’s death was devastating. I had been friends with her since we started school in 1980.
I didn’t know you had been working on that since we opened the business last year.
Sometimes, we use past perfect tense in the main clause and again after “since,” as we’ve shown below.
It’s important to remember that “since” is an expression of time in the past. Therefore, we can never use it to describe present or future time.
We use “ever since” in two ways, as we’ve illustrated below. This article was written for strategiesforparents.com.
To talk about something that happened regularly from a time in the past up until now:
To talk about something that happened continually from a specific time in the past:
English tenses can trip you up, especially if you overthink them. When saying “yesterday,” it’s useful to remember that because it refers to the day before today, we can only use it to talk about an action that has occurred in the past.
Thus, you would always use one of the past tenses — past simple, past continuous, past perfect, or past perfect continuous — with “yesterday.”
The present perfect tense has to have a link to the present and, therefore, cannot work together with “yesterday.” However, a word like “since” can work to create the link to the present, so we can use “since yesterday” with the present perfect tense.
I __________ my homework yesterday.
A. Did B. Used to do
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Question : have you done the Homework? Answer : Yes I have done it before today..
Is it Correct if I did my homework yesterday itself and I use present perfect answer the question? Since I can't say yesterday in present perfect, can I say before today?
It seems that the main issue is that you don't know how to combine an explicit mention of yesterday with the present perfect. The standard way of doing it is by making yesterday a supplement , something not integrated into the syntactic structure of the sentence. Like this:
Q: Have you done your homework? A: Yes I have, yesterday .
It is true that
Time adjuncts like last week, two minutes ago , etc., which refer to times wholly before now, are incompatible with the present perfect.
( CGEL , p. 143). The reson is that
The present perfect involves reference to both past and present time: it is concerned with a time-span beginning in the past and extending up to now. It is not used in contexts where the 'now' component of this is explicitly or implicitly excluded.
Nevertheless, note that such adjuncts are allowed if they appear as supplements (something that is not integrated into the syntactical structure of the sentence). Thus, we are allowed to say
A: Yes I have, yesterday.
Here are some examples of similar usage from published literature (the supplemental time adjunct is in boldface):
"Have you been there?" "Yes I have, last time he was in London ." (source) 'Yes, we have, yesterday .' (source) "Yes, they have, on that fateful day ." (source) "Yes Ivana she has, some five years ago. " (source) "Yes, she has. Last night ." ( source. Here the temporal adjunct appears on its own as a verbless and subjectless sentence, which could equally well appear as a supplement.)
The reason why this works is that supplements are only required to be semantically compatible with the rest of the sentence, whereas integrated parts of the sentence must be syntactically compatible as well. CGEL explains it like this (pp. 1351-1352):
[Integrated constructions require] that the complement be syntactically licensed, whereas in supplementation it is, as we said above, a matter of semantic compatibility. Compare: [7] i a. The stipulation that Harry could not touch the money until he was eighteen annoyed him enormously. b. * The codicil that Harry could not touch the money until he was eighteen annoyed him enormously. ii a. This stipulation—that Harry could not touch the money until he was eighteen—annoyed him enormously. b. The codicil in the will—that Harry could not touch the money until he was eighteen—annoyed him enormously.
A codicil is 'an addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one' (see e.g. here ). CGEL continues:
The examples in [i] belong to the integrated head + complement construction. Stipulation licenses a declarative complement, but codicil does not: hence the ungrammaticality of [ib]. In [ii] the content clause is a supplement, interpreted as specifying the content of its anchor NP [noun phrase; an anchor is what the supplement is related to semantically, but not syntactically]. And this time the codicil example is acceptable: the NP it heads denotes an addition to a will and hence has propositional content which can be specified by a declarative content clause.
Why the sentence you tried doesn't work
Now let's discuss why
[1] I have done it before today.
doesn't work in your case.
It is an acceptable sentence of English, but it is probably not how that conversation would actually go. In your context, it sounds awkward. To explain why, let's consider the following sentence:
[2] I have borrowed this car three times before today. (source)
This implies that the speaker borrowed the car a total of four times: three times before today, and then also today.
So [1] would make sense in the following situation: Kim and Alex have just completed some activity that lots of people find frightening although it is actually perfectly safe. It is Alex's first time doing that, and he got really scared. Kim, however, was calm, and Alex is wondering how Kim managed to stay so calm. Kim says, 'Oh, I've done it before today.'
What a native speaker would actually say
While Yes I have, yesterday is prefectly fine, other responses to Have you done your homework? are perheps even more likely:
Yes, I have. Yes, I did it yesterday.
Note that especially in American English, the question itself could be in the preterite:
Did you do your homework?
Is this is case of ellipsis?
It has been suggested that what we have here is a case of ellipsis, i.e. that [3] i is an ellipted version of [3] ii, where the boldfaced words in ii are the ones that were ellipted, while '___'s mark the positions in i where the ellipsis occured:
[3] i Yes I have ___, ___ yesterday. ii Yes I have done it , I did it yesterday.
An important thing to realize about ellipsis is that it should be invoked only when other kinds of analyses fail—the burden on proof is on those who claim something is an ellipsis, not those who claim it is not. This follows from principle that the elliptical construction must be grammatically 'defective': therefore, if it can be shown that a construction is not 'defective', then it is not an instance of ellipsis. There are other principles as well. ComGEL gives five such principles (pp. 884-887):
(a) The ellipted words are precisely recoverable; (b) The elliptical construction is grammatically 'defective'; (c) The insertion of the missing words results in a grammatical sentence with the same meaning as the original sentence; (d) The missing word(s) are textually recoverable, and; (e) are present in the text in exactly the same form.
In light of these, let's compare [3] with a pradigmatic case of ellipsis:
[4] i A: You had better stay at home. B: Yes, I'd better. ii B: Yes, I'd better stay at home .
(a) In [4], stay at home is the only realistic option for the ellipted part. Not so in [3]. Any of the following would also work:
done my homework, I did/finished it done it, I did/finished my homework done my homework, I did/finished my homework done my homework, I did/finished my homework
done it, I was done with it
and many others.
(b) In [4], i is indeed grammatically defective: had better requires a complement. [3] i, however, is not defective, because yesterday is a supplement (this is what I explained in the main part of my answer).
(c) This one is OK in [4]. It may be OK in [3]. The problem is that [3] ii consists of two independent clauses connected by just a comma. Normally this is not OK: independent clauses should either be explicitly coordinated by a connection (e.g. since ) or else joined by a semi-colon. As it is, it looks like a comma splice. However, maybe we can say that [3] ii is an instance of asyndetic coordination.
(d) and (e) Definitiely satisfied in [4]. Maybe it is also OK in [3]. Ellipsis normally allows trivial changes to accomodate agreement for number, person, and tense. For example, consider
She hasn't written it yet, but I'm sure she soon will ___ ,
where the position of the ellipted part is indicated by '___'. What is ellipted (i.e. what should appear in place of '___') is write it , even though what we have in the first part is written it .
So perhaps it is not that big a deal that we have two ellipses, both of the verb *do , which is the present perfect in the first ellipsis, but in the preterite in the second. Note that in the second ellipsis, we have also ellipted the subject, I .
In the end, I would say that on ballance, the ellipsis analysis in [3] does not look more persuasive than my original suggestion that yesterday is a supplement. Properties (a) and (b) are the most important characteristics of ellipses, and they do not seem to hold for [3].
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I am trying to refresh my grammar and I want to remember what was the right past tense for this question
Did you do your homework? Yes I did it Yes I have done it Yes I had done it
Which is correct and when should I use others ?
“Yes, I did it” is the right answer to “Did you do your homework?”. But it would be more likely for the question to be “Have you done your homework?”, to which the answer is “Yes, I have done it” (or in speech, nearly always “Yes, I’ve done it”).
The difference is that “Did you do your homework?” is asking about the past —— did you, at some time in the past, do your homework? “Have you done your homework?” is asking about the present situation — are you, right now, in a state of having done your homework?
Yes I did it
Yes I have done it
are correct and good responses to the question. It would be normal to reflect the form of the question, so if asked "Did you do your homework?" you would normally say "Yes, I did it." If asked "Have you done your homework?" (which means the same thing) you would answer "Yes, I have done it."
"Yes I had done it" is pluperfect tense and incorrect here.
Did you do your homework?
Have you done your homework?
Yes I have.
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You should have done it yesterday. Based on the web, this sentence is correct. But I don't know why. In the use of past participle, a clear time maker is not allowed . Why "yesterday "can be accepted in the sentence? Why is"you should did it yesterday" wrong and it never exist ?
lingkky said: In the use of past participle, a clear time maker is not allowed . Click to expand...
In the use of past participle, a clear time maker is not allowed except if the past participle is part of an infinitive. Why is "you should did it yesterday" wrong? Because "did" is not an infinitive or part of one.
owlman5 said: This idea doesn't sound quite right to me, lingkky. I think somebody made a rule that is a little too rigid. Where did you read or hear this rule? "He had done it the day before" sounds normal to me although "he did it the day before" is possible in some narrative about the past. "You should have done it yesterday" also looks entirely normal to me. Click to expand...
PaulQ said: In the use of past participle, a clear time maker is not allowed except if the past participle is part of an infinitive. Why is "you should did it yesterday" wrong? Because "did" is not an infinitive or part of one. Click to expand...
I should did it yesterday. (False) I did it yesterday. (True) Why?
owlman5 said: "I asked him why he wasn't working on the bicycle. He said he had finished it the day before." "Had finished" isn't part of an infinitive here, but it still sounds perfectly normal to me. Click to expand...
I have done it yesterday . (Wrong) I have done it before. (Correct ) I don't know are they correct. But I have been taught that a clear time markers like "yesterday","last year" are not allowed in the sentence with past participle. However, an unclear time marker like "a few days ago"or "before" is allowed.
That rule about the "past participle" is wrong, lingkky. You need better instruction in English verb tenses and how to use them. If you're interested, here's a good introduction from "The English Page" that you may find helpful: Verb Tense Tutorial .
lingkky said: What is part of infinitive? Click to expand...
All right.thank you .
I should do it yesterday. So is this correct? I should have done it yesterday. What is the difference between them?
You would use the first version in a remark about the future : I should do it tomorrow . It doesn't make sense to use "have done" in that sentence about the future.* You should use "have done" in a remark about the past : I should have done it ten minutes ago/yesterday. *But it is normal to use the perfect infinitive "have done" in the future perfect tense : I will have finished my homework by the time you get home. If you can access "The English Page" through the link in post #8, you'll get a chance to work with all the English verb tenses.
owlman5 said: You would use the first version in a remark about the future : I should do it tomorrow . It doesn't make sense to use "have done" in that sentence about the future.* You should use "have done" in a remark about the past : I should have done it ten minutes ago/yesterday. *But it is normal to use the perfect infinitive "have done" in the future perfect tense : I will have finished my homework by the time you get home. If you can access "The English Page" through the link in post #8, you'll get a chance to work with all the English verb tenses. Click to expand...
How about: You should have done it by tomorrow. Is it advice, a recommendation?
You should have done it by tomorrow is a prediction - you are telling someone what the state of affairs will be tomorrow. A: "I have been putting these toys into their boxes for three days now! How much longer will it take before I have put the final toy into its box?" B: You should have done it by tomorrow. -> At some time tomorrow you will have put the final toy into its box.
PaulQ said: A: "I have been putting these toys into their boxes for three days now! How much longer will it take before I have put the final toy into its box?" B: You should have done it by tomorrow. -> At some time tomorrow you will have put the final toy into its box. Click to expand...
You should have done it (i.e. put the last toy in the box) by tomorrow. "You should have done it by tomorrow." -> indicative (conditional past in the future) "You should have it done by tomorrow" -> causative. Compare: A [to the garage owner]: "When will the mechanic have repaired my car?" B: "He should have it (i.e. the car) done by tomorrow"
You should have done it (i.e. put the last toy in the box) by tomorrow. Click to expand...
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IMAGES
COMMENTS
The present perfect expresses the idea of "an action that was finished at some unspecified point in the past". Saying "I have done it yesterday" is basically the same as saying "I finished doing it yesterday at some unspecified point in the past". It doesn't really work, does it; it's ei ...
The past perfect tense is a grammatical form used to describe actions that were completed before a specific point in the past. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "had" followed by the past participle of the main verb. Examples: She had finished the work. They had visited the museum last summer. They had not seen the movie.
Use it when talking about an action that happened at a specific time in the past. For example, "I did my homework yesterday." On the other hand, done is the past participle form of "do" and needs a helper verb like "have" or "has". It's used when referring to actions that are completed, often without specifying when.
So when I'm saying I've done my homework it doesn't matter WHEN I did my homework just the fact that I actually did it. Right, so specifying a time is a bit awkward. I've already done it last week. Should just be "I've already done it." I did it last week. is OK. Though you will hear "I've already done X {time}" n spoken English a lot ...
Just. Present Perfect is also used to talk about something recently finished. I have just done my homework: This means not so long ago you finished your homework. It is an unspecified time in the past. We don't know when the person did it, but it wasn't so long ago. It is usually used to stress that you finished the action and there it no ...
1. Take a break now and then. You might think that tearing through all of your homework tasks from start to finish is the fastest way to do it. If you have a ton of homework, however, you'll probably get burnt out if you don't take a break every now and then. At least every two hours, take a 15 minute breather.
Test 1. Rewrite the sentences in the present perfect. Past simple: You did not buy it on Monday. Present perfect: You have not bought it yet. I did my English homework yesterday. Look. I my English homework. We did not book the theatre tickets on Friday. We the theatre tickets yet.
I've lost my keys. We've been to a very nice restaurant. We use the past simple (NOT present perfect) when we mention or ask about when something happened or when the time is known by the speaker and the listener. We often use a past expression ( last week, yesterday, when I was a child, etc .) We've arrived yesterday.
Exercise 8. Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple). I (just / finish) my homework. Mary (already / write) five letters. Tom (move) to this town in 1994. My friend (be) in Canada two years ago. I (not / be) to Canada so far. But I (already / travel) to London a couple of times. Last week, Mary and Paul (go) to the cinema.
Choose the right alternative according to the meaning: I did my homework yesterday. Its deadline is tomorrow, so... * I've already do it. I've just done it. I've already done it. I already've done it. loading. qpage_see_answers_button. loading. plus. qpage_add_answer_button +feed_item_pts.
We cannot use "yesterday" on its own with the present perfect tense because adverbs that refer to a completed time in the past only work with past tenses. However, you can use "since yesterday" in the present perfect tense because that expresses a time period that started yesterday and is still continuing. This article will explore the ...
Singapore. English (Singapore/UK), basic Chinese. May 30, 2018. #4. It is possible to consider yesterday a time period, but because it is a time period in the past, you need to say 'I had done my homework yesterday'. (And 'I did my homework yesterday' is also possible. There is a difference in meaning between those sentences.)
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C. lost / didn't. D. have lost / haven't. How to use : Read the question carefully, then select one of the answers button. GrammarQuiz.Net - Improve your knowledge of English grammar, the best way to kill your free time. I __________ my homework yesterday. A. Did B. Used to do - Used To, Be Used To, Get Used To Quiz.
done it, I did/finished my homework done my homework, I did/finished my homework done my homework, I did/finished my homework. and also. done it, I was done with it. and many others. (b) In [4], i is indeed grammatically defective: had better requires a complement. [3] i, however, is not defective, because yesterday is a supplement (this is ...
Yes I did it. and. Yes I have done it. are correct and good responses to the question. It would be normal to reflect the form of the question, so if asked "Did you do your homework?" you would normally say "Yes, I did it." If asked "Have you done your homework?" (which means the same thing) you would answer "Yes, I have done it."
You should use "have done" in a remark about the past: I should have done it ten minutes ago/yesterday. *But it is normal to use the perfect infinitive "have done" in the future perfect tense: I will have finished my homework by the time you get home. If you can access "The English Page" through the link in post #8, you'll get a chance to work ...
I really need help with my homework. None of my other classmates know how to solve these questions. Please help me! Advertisement Coins. 0 coins. Premium Powerups Explore ... Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb Life Last Week Tonight with John ...
It will likely happen because I'm too tired and I will probably manage to send an email saying it will be in the next day or something. I am currently waiting for my classmates to post their discussions & reflections so I can complete the ridiculous "reply" requirement. We're at the end of our Spring Break and I do not blame any of them for not ...