how to end corruption essay

How to Stop Corruption Essay: Guide & Topics [+4 Samples]

Corruption is an abuse of power that was entrusted to a person or group of people for personal gain. It can appear in various settings and affect different social classes, leading to unemployment and other economic issues. This is why writing an essay on corruption can become a challenge.

One “how to stop corruption” essay will require plenty of time and effort, as the topic is too broad. That’s why our experts have prepared this guide. It can help you with research and make the overall writing process easier. Besides, you will find free essays on corruption with outlines.

• ✍️ How to Write an Essay
• 💰 Essay Examples
• 🤑 How to Stop Corruption Essay
• 💲 Topics for Essay

✍️ How to Write an Essay on Corruption

Before writing on the issue, you have to understand a few things. First , corruption can take different forms, such as:

• Bribery – receiving money or other valuable items in exchange for using power or influence in an illegal way.
• Graft – using power or authority for personal goals.
• Extortion – threats or violence for the person’s advantage.
• Kickback – paying commission to a bribe-taker for some service.
• Cronyism – assigning unqualified friends or relatives to job positions.
• Embezzlement – stealing the government’s money.

Second , you should carefully think about the effects of corruption on the country. It seriously undermines democracy and the good name of political institutions. Its economic, political, and social impact is hard to estimate.

Let’s focus on writing about corruption. What are the features of your future paper? What elements should you include in your writing?

Below, we will show you the general essay on corruption sample and explain each part’s importance:

You already chose the paper topic. What’s next? Create an outline for your future writing. You’re better to compose a plan for your paper so that it won’t suffer from logic errors and discrepancies. Besides, you may be required to add your outline to your paper and compose a corruption essay with headings.

At this step, you sketch out the skeleton:

• what to write in the introduction;
• what points to discuss in the body section;
• what to put into the conclusion.

Take the notes during your research to use them later. They will help you to put your arguments in a logical order and show what points you can use in the essay.

For a long-form essay, we suggest you divide it into parts. Title each one and use headings to facilitate the reading process.

🔴 Introduction

The next step is to develop a corruption essay’s introduction. Here, you should give your readers a preview of what’s coming and state your position.

• Start with a catchy hook.
• Give a brief description of the problem context.
• Provide a thesis statement.

You can always update and change it when finishing the paper.

🔴 Body Paragraphs

In the body section, you will provide the central points and supporting evidence. When discussing the effects of this problem in your corruption essay, do not forget to include statistics and other significant data.

Every paragraph should include a topic sentence, explanation, and supporting evidence. To make them fit together, use analysis and critical thinking.

Use interesting facts and compelling arguments to earn your audience’s attention. It may drift while reading an essay about corruption, so don’t let it happen.

🔴 Quotations

Quotes are the essential elements of any paper. They support your claims and add credibility to your writing. Such items are exceptionally crucial for an essay on corruption as the issue can be controversial, so you may want to back up your arguments.

• You may incorporate direct quotes in your text. In this case, remember to use quotation marks and mark the page number for yourself. Don’t exceed the 30 words limit. Add the information about the source in the reference list.
• You may decide to use a whole paragraph from your source as supporting evidence. Then, quote indirectly—paraphrase, summarize, or synthesize the argument of interest. You still have to add relevant information to your reference list, though.

Check your professor’s guidelines regarding the preferred citation style.

🔴 Conclusion

In your corruption essay conclusion, you should restate the thesis and summarize your findings. You can also provide recommendations for future research on the topic. Keep it clear and short—it can be one paragraph long.

Don’t forget your references!

Include a list of all sources you used to write this paper. Read the citation guideline of your institution to do it correctly. By the way, some citation tools allow creating a reference list in pdf or Word formats.

💰 Corruption Essay Examples

If you strive to write a good how to stop a corruption essay, you should check a few relevant examples. They will show you the power of a proper outline and headings. Besides, you’ll see how to formulate your arguments and cite sources.

✔️ Essay on Corruption: 250 Words

If you were assigned a short paper of 250 words and have no idea where to start, you can check the example written by our academic experts. As you can see below, it is written in easy words. You can use simple English to explain to your readers the “black money” phenomenon.

Another point you should keep in mind when checking our short essay on corruption is that the structure remains the same. Despite the low word count, it has an introductory paragraph with a thesis statement, body section, and a conclusion.

Now, take a look at our corruption essay sample and inspire!

✔️ Essay on Corruption: 500 Words

Cause and effect essay is among the most common paper types for students. In case you’re composing this kind of paper, you should research the reasons for corruption. You can investigate factors that led to this phenomenon in a particular country.

Use the data from the official sources, for example, Transparency International . There is plenty of evidence for your thesis statement on corruption and points you will include in the body section. Also, you can use headlines to separate one cause from another. Doing so will help your readers to browse through the text easily.

Check our essay on corruption below to see how our experts utilize headlines.

🤑 How to Stop Corruption: Essay Prompts

Corruption is a complex issue that undermines the foundations of justice, fairness, and equality. If you want to address this problem, you can write a “How to Stop Corruption” essay using any of the following topic ideas.

The writing prompts below will provide valuable insights into this destructive phenomenon. Use them to analyze the root causes critically and propose effective solutions.

How to Prevent Corruption Essay Prompt

In this essay, you can discuss various strategies and measures to tackle corruption in society. Explore the impact of corruption on social, political, and economic systems and review possible solutions. Your paper can also highlight the importance of ethical leadership and transparent governance in curbing corruption.

Here are some more ideas to include:

• The role of education and public awareness in preventing corruption. In this essay, you can explain the importance of teaching ethical values and raising awareness about the adverse effects of corruption. It would be great to illustrate your essay with examples of successful anti-corruption campaigns and programs.
• How to implement strong anti-corruption laws and regulations. Your essay could discuss the steps governments should take in this regard, such as creating comprehensive legislation and independent anti-corruption agencies. Also, clarify how international cooperation can help combat corruption.
• Ways of promoting transparency in government and business operations. Do you agree that open data policies, whistleblower protection laws, independent oversight agencies, and transparent financial reporting are effective methods of ensuring transparency? What other strategies can you propose? Answer the questions in your essay.

How to Stop Corruption as a Student Essay Prompt

An essay on how to stop corruption as a student can focus on the role of young people in preventing corruption in their communities and society at large. Describe what students can do to raise awareness, promote ethical behavior, and advocate for transparency and accountability. The essay can also explore how instilling values of integrity and honesty among young people can help combat corruption.

Here’s what else you can talk about:

• How to encourage ethical behavior and integrity among students. Explain why it’s essential for teachers to be models of ethical behavior and create a culture of honesty and accountability in schools. Besides, discuss the role of parents and community members in reinforcing students’ moral values.
• Importance of participating in anti-corruption initiatives and campaigns from a young age. Your paper could study how participation in anti-corruption initiatives fosters young people’s sense of civic responsibility. Can youth engagement promote transparency and accountability?
• Ways of promoting accountability within educational institutions. What methods of fostering accountability are the most effective? Your essay might evaluate the efficacy of promoting direct communication, establishing a clear code of conduct, creating effective oversight mechanisms, holding all members of the educational process responsible for their actions, and other methods.

How to Stop Corruption in India Essay Prompt

In this essay, you can discuss the pervasive nature of corruption in various sectors of Indian society and its detrimental effects on the country’s development. Explore strategies and measures that can be implemented to address and prevent corruption, as well as the role of government, civil society, and citizens in combating this issue.

Your essay may also include the following:

• Analysis of the causes and consequences of corruption in India. You may discuss the bureaucratic red tape, weak enforcement mechanisms, and other causes. How do they affect the country’s development?
• Examination of the effectiveness of existing anti-corruption laws and measures. What are the existing anti-corruption laws and measures in India? Are they effective? What are their strengths and weaknesses?
• Discussion of potential solutions and reforms to curb corruption. Propose practical solutions and reforms that can potentially stop corruption. Also, explain the importance of political will and international cooperation to implement reforms effectively.

Government Corruption Essay Prompt

A government corruption essay can discuss the prevalence of corruption within government institutions and its impact on the state’s functioning. You can explore various forms of corruption, such as bribery, embezzlement, and nepotism. Additionally, discuss their effects on public services, economic development, and social justice.

Here are some more ideas you can cover in your essay:

• The causes and manifestations of government corruption. Analyze political patronage, weak accountability systems, and other factors that stimulate corruption. Additionally, include real-life examples that showcase the manifestations of government corruption in your essay.
• The impact of corruption on public trust and governance. Corruption undermines people’s trust and increases social inequalities. In your paper, we suggest evaluating its long-term impact on countries’ development and social cohesion.
• Strategies and reforms to combat government corruption. Here, you can present and examine the best strategies and reforms to fight corruption in government. Also, consider the role of international organizations and media in advocating for anti-corruption initiatives.

How to Stop Police Corruption Essay Prompt

In this essay, you can explore strategies and reforms to address corruption within law enforcement agencies. Start by investigating the root causes of police corruption and its impact on public safety and trust. Then, propose effective measures to combat it.

Here’s what else you can discuss in your essay:

• The factors contributing to police corruption, such as lack of accountability and oversight. Your paper could research various factors that cause police corruption. Is it possible to mitigate their effect?
• The consequences of police corruption for community relations and public safety. Police corruption has a disastrous effect on public safety and community trust. Your essay can use real-life examples to show how corruption practices in law enforcement undermine their legitimacy and fuel social unrest.
• Potential solutions, such as improved training, transparency, and accountability measures. Can these measures solve the police corruption issue? What other strategies can be implemented to combat the problem? Consider these questions in your essay.

💲 40 Best Topics for Corruption Essay

Another key to a successful essay on corruption is choosing an intriguing topic. There are plenty of ideas to use in your paper. And here are some topic suggestions for your writing:

• What is corruption? An essay should tell the readers about the essentials of this phenomenon. Elaborate on the factors that impact its growth or reduce.
• How to fight corruption ? Your essay can provide ideas on how to reduce the effects of this problem. If you write an argumentative paper, state your arguments, and give supporting evidence. For example, you can research the countries with the lowest corruption index and how they fight with it.
• I say “no” to corruption . This can be an excellent topic for your narrative essay. Describe a situation from your life when you’re faced with this type of wrongdoing.
• Corruption in our country. An essay can be dedicated, for example, to corruption in India or Pakistan. Learn more about its causes and how different countries fight with it.
• Graft and corruption. We already mentioned the definition of graft. Explore various examples of grafts, e.g., using the personal influence of politicians to pressure public service journalists. Provide your vision of the causes of corruption. The essay should include strong evidence.
• Corruption in society. Investigate how the tolerance to “black money” crimes impact economics in developing countries.
• How can we stop corruption ? In your essay, provide suggestions on how society can prevent this problem. What efficient ways can you propose?
• The reasons that lead to the corruption of the police. Assess how bribery impacts the crime rate. You can use a case of Al Capone as supporting evidence.
• Literature and corruption. Choose a literary masterpiece and analyze how the author addresses the theme of crime. You can check a sample paper on Pushkin’s “ The Queen of Spades ”
• How does power affect politicians ? In your essay on corruption and its causes, provide your observations on ideas about why people who hold power allow the grafts.
• Systemic corruption in China. China has one of the strictest laws on this issue. However, crime still exists. Research this topic and provide your observations on the reasons.
• The success of Asian Tigers . Explore how the four countries reduced corruption crime rates. What is the secret of their success? What can we learn from them?
• Lee Kuan Yew and his fight against corruption. Research how Singapore’s legislation influenced the elimination of this crime.
• Corruption in education. Examine the types in higher education institutions. Why does corruption occur?
• Gifts and bribes . You may choose to analyze the ethical side of gifts in business. Can it be a bribe? In what cases?
• Cronyism and nepotism in business. Examine these forms of corruption as a part of Chinese culture.
• Kickbacks and bribery. How do these two terms are related, and what are the ways to prevent them?
• Corporate fraud. Examine the bribery, payoffs, and kickbacks as a phenomenon in the business world. Point out the similarities and differences.
• Anti-bribery compliance in corporations. Explore how transnational companies fight with the misuse of funds by contractors from developing countries.
• The ethical side of payoffs. How can payoffs harm someone’s reputation? Provide your point of view of why this type of corporate fraud is unethical.
• The reasons for corruption of public officials.
• Role of auditors in the fight against fraud and corruption.
• The outcomes of corruption in public administration .
• How to eliminate corruption in the field of criminal justice.
• Is there a connection between corruption and drug abuse ?
• The harm corruption does to the economic development of countries.
• The role of anti-bribery laws in fighting financial crimes.
• Populist party brawl against corruption and graft.
• An example of incorrigible corruption in business: Enron scandal .
• The effective ways to prevent corruption.
• The catastrophic consequences of corruption in healthcare.
• How regular auditing can prevent embezzlement and financial manipulation.
• Correlation between poverty and corruption .
• Unethical behavior and corruption in football business.
• Corruption in oil business: British Petroleum case.
• Are corruption and bribery socially acceptable in Central Asian states?
• What measures should a company take to prevent bribery among its employees?
• Ways to eliminate and prevent cases of police corruption.  
• Gift-giving traditions and corruption in the world’s culture.
• Breaking business obligations: embezzlement and fraud.

These invaluable tips will help you to get through any kind of essay. You are welcome to use these ideas and writing tips whenever you need to write this type of academic paper. Share the guide with those who may need it for their essay on corruption.

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🔗 References

• Public Corruption: FBI, U.S. Department of Justice
• Anti-Corruption and Transparency: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
• United Nations Convention against Corruption: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
• Corruption Essay: Cram
• How to Construct an Essay: Josh May
• Essay Writing: University College Birmingham
• Structuring the Essay: Research & Learning Online
• Insights from U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Medium
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How to Eradicate Corruption Essay | Essay on How to Eradicate Corruption for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by Prasanna

How to Eradicate Corruption Essay: The term corruption is defined as a dishonest or deceitful act. Corruption in civil matters is often considered criminal. Corruption is mostly an act of fraudulence carried out by people who are in positions of authority. In India, corruption has been an issue of concern for years now.

Corruption has been prevalent in society since the shifting of powers from the people to the opportunistic authorities. The British’s advent in India started to significantly affect the middle class, who gradually started occupying essential jobs in the country with their education. This sudden change in power made them greedy and more prone to bribery.

You can also find more  Essay Writing  articles on events, persons, sports, technology and many more.

Long and Short Essays on How to Eradicate Corruption for Students and Kids in English

We are providing students with essay samples on a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic of how to eradicate corruption.

Long Essay on How to Eradicate Corruption 500 Words in English

Long Essay on How to Eradicate Corruption is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.

Corruption can be defined as a dishonest and fraudulent act, mostly practised by people of authority. It includes civil misconduct among opportunistic leaders. In India, corruption has been a norm for years now. Even the British called the Indian officials corrupt.

Methods Of Corruption:

Corruption can be of varied types.

Bribery: Bribery is the most common form of corruption through which people in posts of authority misuse their power to direct services according to their interests. Many material and monetary gifts are offered by people to these high officials for running certain benefits to their advantages. These are mostly government officials who are susceptible to these fraudulent acts.

Financial Fraud: Financial fraud is also called Embezzlement. This is the act of withholding assets of the public for theft.

Corruption Of Politicians: This is one of the most notable types of corruption, where the people elected for public interests misuse their power for personal gains. There are little to no ways of ever identifying these corruptions in a broken system like India.

Nepotism: Nepotism is a form of corruption where the people of authority reserve specific posts and places of high prestige for the people of either their own family or acquaintances.

Steps To Eradicate Corruption:

Increasing Salary: Since Government officials are the most susceptible to corruption, it is the Government’s responsibility to ensure maximum satisfaction of the employees so that they don’t engage in activities like these. It has been found out that this fraudulence occurs because of the low salary that is paid to the employees. It is often not enough for the officials, and hence they resort to illegal activities. Therefore, the Government should ensure a fair salary to its employees.

Increasing The Number Of Employees: The lack of efficient workers in the government offices often leads to slowing down the critical work. This little progress makes bribery to be the only solution for the fast delivery of work. If these employees’ workload is lessened by employing more numbers of employees, then the efficiency might be affected positively.

Legislation: The Legislation of a country is the most crucial tool to fight corruption. The laws against corruption can be made more stringent to stop officials from corrupt activities. The punishment after breaking the law should also be more robust and harder to pay.

Supervision- Installing cameras and increasing surveillance in government offices or places susceptible to corruption can also minimize the activities. Officials will have a fear of getting caught more often, and rise will mitigate corruption.

Check Inflation- The Government should always keep inflation in check because as the price rises for bare essentials, many employees feel their salary to be less than what they deserve and indulge in corrupt activities.

We also have to keep in mind the corrupt politicians who exercise their power even in the court of law and the entire judicial system. These types of corruption can only be stopped if people elect representatives based on their work and ethics rather than their political supremacy.

Short Essay on How to Eradicate Corruption 150 Words in English

Short Essay on How to Eradicate Corruption is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Corruption is an act of fraudulence often practised by people with authority. These people misuse their power and control their interests. There are different types of corruption. Bribery is the most common form of corruption visible where mostly the government officials take gifts and money from people as bribes to complete their desired works. Other forms are financial frauds, political frauds, and nepotism.

You can now access more Essay Writing on this topic and many more.

Steps To Eradicate Corruption-

Varied steps can be taken to eradicate corruption. The Government can increase the employees’ salary since most corruption takes place due to the employees’ dissatisfaction. Some other steps which can be undertaken are strict legislation and strong judicial supervision increased surveillance on the employees and checking of inflation. It is the responsibility of the Government to take these steps to stop corruption. The Government should also try to ensure that the politicians in power do not endorse or associate themselves with corrupt activities.

10 Lines on How to Eradicate Corruption Essay in English

1. People of high authority are susceptible to corrupt activities. 2. Bribery is the most common type of corruption. 3. India has a high rate of corruption. 4. Politicians are often engaged in it. 5. Strong legislation can curb fraud. 6. Lack of ethics and morality is a cause of corruption. 7. People are often discontented with the system and hence, resort to corruption. 8. The Right to Information Act is a crucial one to stop corruption. 9. Political Corruption is the worst. 10. Most of the financial frauds in the world are also from India.

FAQ’s on How to Eradicate Corruption Essay

Question 1. Can corruption be curbed?

Answer: Yes, it is possible to curb corruption through vital measures.

Question 2. Why does corruption take place?

Answer: Corruption results from people’s growing discontentment with the available resources for which they become greedy.

Question 3. Name Legislation on Corruption.

Answer: The Right to Information Act is legislation that might help to curb corruption.

Question 4. What is the essential thing required to have a corruption-free country?

Answer: The essential thing required for a free corruption-free country is the necessary knowledge and awareness of moral and ethics.

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Essay on How to Stop Corruption: A Comprehensive Guide

Corruption, a pervasive and complex challenge, infiltrates societies globally, eroding trust in institutions, impeding economic development, and unraveling societal fabric. This essay delves into the strategies and measures necessary to curb corruption and cultivate an environment of transparency and accountability.

Table of Contents

Effective Strategies to Combat Corruption: An In-depth Essay on Eradicating Corruption

Corruption is a multifaceted issue threatening societies all around the globe. It is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain, often leading to detrimental effects on social and economic development and the overall quality of life. It’s a problem that has been with us throughout history. Despite numerous efforts to eradicate it, corruption remains a significant hindrance to social and economic progress.

The Path to Curb Corruption: Legal Frameworks and Institutions

Firstly, strengthening legal frameworks and institutions is vital in the fight against corruption. By enacting and enforcing comprehensive anti-corruption laws, societies can lay a solid foundation to bolster transparency and accountability. Independent and impartial anti-corruption agencies should be established, ensuring the enforcement of these laws. Additionally, public procurement processes must be transparent and accountable to prevent the misuse of public funds.

Transparency and Accountability: Tools for Change

Promoting transparency and accountability is another effective strategy in combating corruption. Open government initiatives can increase access to information, ensuring citizens are informed and can hold public officials accountable. Leveraging technology can also enhance transparency in government operations. Moreover, mechanisms should be established for citizens to report corruption anonymously and protect whistleblowers, fostering an environment where citizens can actively contribute to the fight against corruption.

Enhancing Public Sector Integrity: The Role of Ethical Behavior

Promoting ethical behavior and integrity among public officials is crucial. Training and awareness programs can instill a culture of ethics and integrity. Measures to prevent conflicts of interest and promote merit-based appointments can ensure that positions of power are not misused. Strengthening internal control systems and audit mechanisms can also help detect and prevent corruption.

Citizen Participation and Engagement: Mobilizing the Masses

Encouraging active citizen participation in decision-making processes can significantly contribute to curbing corruption. Civic education can raise awareness about the negative impacts of crime and empower citizens to hold public officials accountable.

Strengthening International Cooperation: A United Front Against Corruption

Collaborating with international organizations and other countries can help combat cross-border corruption. By ratifying and implementing international conventions and agreements against corruption, countries can unite against this global issue. Facilitating the recovery of stolen assets through international cooperation can also deter corrupt practices.

Resources and Political Will: The Driving Force

Finally, adequate resources and political will are indispensable in the fight against corruption. Allocating sufficient resources to anti-corruption efforts, including funding for investigations and prosecutions, is necessary. Demonstrating political will at all levels of government is crucial for tackling corruption effectively.

Effects Ff Corruption Essay

Corruption is a complex issue that plagues societies worldwide, and it comes with a host of detrimental effects. Often perceived as a hurdle to economic development, corruption undermines the rule of law, exacerbates wealth inequality, and hampers social progress.

Financially, corruption siphons off valuable resources meant for public services, leading to the degradation of infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Investments are deterred, as businesses are reluctant to operate in environments rife with corruption due to the level of uncertainty and the lack of fair competition. This economic stagnation affects the most vulnerable members of society, widening the gap between the haves and the have-nots.

Legally, corruption erodes trust in the public sector. Bribes and kickbacks to officials distort the rule of law, as decisions are often made in favor of the highest bidder rather than in the public’s best interest. This loss of trust in public institutions threatens the foundation of democracies and can destabilize political structures.

Socially, corruption fosters a culture of dishonesty, creating societal norms that accept and even encourage corruption. A society riddled with corruption often sees a decline in moral standards, as integrity and honesty are overlooked. This further perpetuates the cycle of corruption, making it increasingly difficult to eradicate.

Corruption is a significant impediment to societal progress. Its effects are far-reaching, affecting economic development, legal structures, and even the societal fabric. Therefore, it is imperative to combat corruption through a combination of stringent laws, transparent governance, and public awareness. The fight against corruption is not solely the government’s responsibility; it is a collective effort that requires each citizen’s active participation.

Conclusion: Towards a Transparent, Accountable Future

Stopping corruption requires a multifaceted approach involving legal reforms, transparency and accountability measures, citizen engagement, international cooperation, and political will. A transparent, accountable, and corruption-free future is possible if societies worldwide are committed to implementing these strategies. There is no one-size-fits-all solution to corruption, but meaningful progress can be achieved with sustained efforts and a long-term commitment.

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Here are 10 ways to fight corruption

Robert hunja.

4. It’s not 1999: Use the power of technology to build dynamic and continuous exchanges between key stakeholders: government, citizens, business, civil society groups, media, academia etc.   5. Deliver the goods: Invest in institutions and policy – sustainable improvement in how a government delivers services is only possible if the people in these institutions endorse sensible rules and practices that allow for change while making the best use of tested traditions and legacies – imported models often do not work.   6. Get incentives right: Align anti-corruption measures with market, behavioral, and social forces. Adopting integrity standards is a smart business decision, especially for companies interested in doing business with the World Bank Group and other development partners.   7. Sanctions matter:  Punishing corruption is a vital component of any effective anti-corruption effort.   8. Act globally and locally:  Keep citizens engaged on corruption at local, national, international and global levels – in line with the scale and scope of corruption. Make use of the architecture that has been developed and the platforms that exist for engagement.   9. Build capacity for those who need it most: Countries that  suffer from chronic fragility, conflict and violence– are often the ones that have the fewest internal resources to combat corruption. Identify ways to leverage international resources to support and sustain good governance.   10. Learn by doing: Any good  strategy must be continually monitored  and evaluated to make sure it can be easily adapted as  situations on the ground change. What are other ways we could fight corruption? Tell us in the comments. 

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Essay on Corruption, Its Causes, and Effects

Causes of corruption: essay introduction, causes of corruption, effects of corruption, conclusion: what are the causes and effects of corruption.

Bibliography

Transparency International defines corruption as an act that abuses the entrusted power for private gain. This means that it violates the rights of individuals that have bestowed power, authority, and legitimacy. Corruption varies in degree and nature depending on the level of its occurrence, people involved, and circumstances that motivate individuals to be corrupt. Modernization has transformed corruption, and people adopt new and complicated ways of concealing their fraudulent activities. This paper presents the causes and effects of corruption in the public and private sector.

Politics is an effective way of ensuring power and resources are shared equally among all individuals from different backgrounds within a specified jurisdiction. However, people have used political activities and offices to advance their gains and neglect the need to be accountable and responsible to the public. The emergence of political elites has created room for corruption to flourish in public and private offices because people no longer respect the need to develop national programs that will benefit citizens. They have diverted the resources of the public to achieve their gains without considering the impacts of their actions on other citizens. Politics has allowed corrupt officers to win elections and take powerful positions in government. Therefore, citizens continue to suffer because their interests are not addressed by those they expected would alleviate their problems.

Also, the existence of artificial scarcity of resources has pushed people to look for cheap ways of getting what they need. For instance, the scarcity of employment and investment opportunities has led to stiff competition for the limited available resources. Therefore, people use unorthodox ways to persuade those in charge of approving projects to allow them to continue with their investment projects. People with malevolent intentions continue to destroy the economy of their nations as they create false impressions of the scarcity of resources. The existence of unhealthy competitions among businesses forces some of them to use unethical ways to persuade their clients to buy their products. Government officials in charge of quality standards are usually bribed to cover the activities of such investors, and this promotes corruption in businesses. This violates the rights of citizens to access quality products and services.

Thirdly, the ethical qualities of people in authority have decreased, and their value system deteriorated due to lack of strong moral teachings and responsibilities. People no longer have respect for the old ideals of moral and honest service delivery procedures, and society has become a haven for individuals that disregard human dignity. It is necessary to explain that modernity has clouded the need to respect the positions and individuals placed to serve others. People have little respect for morals that guide service delivery and ensure others benefit from their services. Therefore, corruption has been fuelled by poor moral values and lack of respect for human life.

The present generation is full of corrupt activities because people fail to condemn them. There are no strong civil societies to rebuke and oppose corrupt leaders, and this promotes the flourishing of this behavior in generations. The American public forum is dominated by debates on gay marriages, foreign policies, and inflated health bills, but nobody seems to pay attention to the escalating cases of corruption in the public and private sectors. The younger generations do not see the need to fight corruption because their predecessors support and cultivate it through modern systems and activities.

Lastly, widespread poverty and illiteracy have contributed to endemic corruption in modern societies. There are efforts to educate people, especially the rural folks, to ensure they know their rights and freedoms to reduce corruption in their societies. However, these efforts seem to bear no fruits because poverty drives them to seek cheap and quick ways of accessing their needs. Also, poverty makes people desperate, and thus, they do anything that will ensure they have food on their tables. Therefore, corruption flourishes in most societies because people do not know their rights and those that do have limited resources to access them.

Corruption violates the rights and freedoms of individuals to get basic services from public and private offices. This means that this practice compromises the quality of services offered by employees in the public and private sectors and puts the lives of citizens at risk. Corrupt officials do not offer equal services to clients because they treat some with more interests than others. This violates the provisions of equality and the rights for justice in various issues. This makes public institutions and offices to become illegitimate because of misusing their democratic power for private gains.

Also, corruption hinders the effective development of political systems in a country. This vice promotes patronage that is serious threats to democratic processes. Most corrupt nations experience civil disobedience and political instability that hamper development projects. The introduction of multi-party democratic systems is usually hampered by the corruption that compromises the legitimacy of political parties and individuals. Civil disobedience and lack of trust in political institutions propel individuals to protest and demand the removal of their leaders from power.

Moreover, this vice stalls development projects and subjects citizens to abject poverty because of a lack of transparency and accountability in public offices. Corruption enables few individuals that have money to have their way and get what they want while those that do not have been forced to look for other alternatives. Poverty and unemployment are common occurrences in societies that condone corruption, and they cannot develop because of poor management systems. The need to offer quality services like improving infrastructure, medical facilities, schools, and social amenities is compromised by the lack of transparent processes of awarding tenders and distributing resources in a society.

Lastly, this vice discourages unity and cooperation in society because some individuals think they are more important than others. Unequal distribution of national resources and restricted access to public services lead to frustration and apathy among citizens, and this weakens the fabric that binds members of the society. This leads to social inequality and the emergence of class differences that violate the dignity and rights of individuals. Uncontrolled corruption widens the gap between the rich and poor, and this results in a weak civil society.

Corruption is caused by man-made factors like capitalism, lack of transparency and accountability, nepotism, tribalism, poverty, weak social and political structures, and poverty. This vice lowers the pace of national development, weakens societies, and increases poverty. Therefore, people should work hard to ensure they fight corruption by educating their members on the importance of transparent practices. Also, government systems should be programmed to detect and eliminate this vice, and those found promoting it should face harsh penalties.

Johnston, M., Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Turvey, B., Forensic Fraud: Evaluating Law Enforcement and Forensic Science Cultures in the Context of Examiner Misconduct . Massachussetts: Academic Press, 2013.

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5 Essays About Corruption

Internationally, there is no legal definition of corruption, but it includes bribery, illegal profit, abuse of power, embezzlement, and more. Corrupt activities are illegal, so they are discreet and done in secrecy. Depending on how deep the corruption goes, there may be many people aware of what’s going on, but they choose to do nothing because they’ve been bribed or they’re afraid of retaliation. Any system can become corrupt. Here are five essays that explore where corruption exists, its effects, and how it can be addressed.

Learn more about anti-corruption in a free course .

Corruption in Global Health: The Open Secret

Dr. Patricia J. Garcia The Lancet (2019)

In this published lecture, Dr. Garcia uses her experience as a researcher, public health worker, and Minister of Health to draw attention to corruption in health systems. She explores the extent of the problem, its origins, and what’s happening in the present day. Additional topics include ideas on how to address the problem and why players like policymakers and researchers need to think about corruption as a disease. Dr. Garcia states that corruption is one of the most significant barriers to global universal health coverage.

Dr. Garcia is the former Minister of Health of Peru and a leader in global health. She also works as a professor and researcher/trainer in global health, STI/HIV, HPV, medical informatics, and reproductive health. She’s the first Peruvian to be appointed as a member to the United States National Academy of Medicine

‘Are women leaders less corrupt? No, but they shake things up”

Stella Dawson Reuters (2012)

This piece takes a closer look at the idea that more women in power will mean less corruption. Reality is more complicated than that. Women are not less vulnerable to corruption in terms of their resistance to greed, but there is a link between more female politicians and less corruption. The reason appears to be that women are simply more likely to achieve more power in democratic, open systems that are less tolerant of corruption. A better gender balance also means more effective problem-solving. This piece goes on to give some examples of lower corruption in systems with more women and the complexities. While this particular essay is old, newer research still supports that more women in power is linked to better ethics and lower corruption levels into systems, though women are not inherently less corrupt.

Stella Dawson left Reuters in 2015, where she worked as a global editor for economics and markets. At the Thomson Reuters Foundation and 100Reporters, she headed a network of reporters focusing on corruption issues. Dawson has been featured as a commentator for BBC, CNB, C-Span, and public radio.

“Transparency isn’t the solution to corruption – here’s why”

David Riverios Garcia One Young World

Many believe that corruption can be solved with transparency, but in this piece, Garcia explains why that isn’t the case. He writes that governments have exploited new technology (like open data platforms and government-monitoring acts) to appear like they care about corruption, but, in Garcia’s words, “transparency means nothing without accountability.” Garcia focuses on corruption in Latin America, including Paraguay where Garcia is originally from. He describes his background as a young anti-corruption activist, what he’s learned, and what he considers the real solution to corruption.

At the time of this essay’s publication, David Riverios Garcia was an Open Young World Ambassador. He ran a large-scale anti-corruption campaign (reAccion Paraguay), stopping corruption among local high school authorities. He’s also worked on poverty relief and education reform. The Ministry of Education recognized him for his achievements and in 2009, he was selected by the US Department of State as one of 10 Paraguayan Youth Ambassadors.

“What the World Could Teach America About Policing”

Yasmeen Serhan The Atlantic (2020)

The American police system has faced significant challenges with public trust for decades. In 2020, those issues have erupted and the country is at a tipping point. Corruption is rampant through the system. What can be done? In this piece, the author gives examples of how other countries have managed reform. These reforms include first dismantling the existing system, then providing better training. Once that system is off the ground, there needs to be oversight. Looking at other places in the world that have successfully made radical changes is essential for real change in the United States.

Atlantic staff writer Yasmeen Serhan is based in London.

“$2.6 Trillion Is Lost to Corruption Every Year — And It Hurts the Poor the Most”

Joe McCarthy Global Citizen (2018)

This short piece is a good introduction to just how significant the effects of corruption are. Schools, hospitals, and other essential services suffer, while the poorest and most vulnerable society carry the heaviest burdens. Because of corruption, these services don’t get the funding they need. Cycles of corruption erode citizens’ trust in systems and powerful government entities. What can be done to end the cycle?

Joe McCarthy is a staff writer for Global Citizen. He writes about global events and environmental issues.

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Essay on Corruption for Students and Children

500+ words essay on corruption.

Essay on Corruption – Corruption refers to a form of criminal activity or dishonesty. It refers to an evil act by an individual or a group. Most noteworthy, this act compromises the rights and privileges of others. Furthermore, Corruption primarily includes activities like bribery or embezzlement. However, Corruption can take place in many ways. Most probably, people in positions of authority are susceptible to Corruption. Corruption certainly reflects greedy and selfish behavior.

Methods of Corruption

First of all, Bribery is the most common method of Corruption. Bribery involves the improper use of favours and gifts in exchange for personal gain. Furthermore, the types of favours are diverse. Above all, the favours include money, gifts, company shares, sexual favours, employment , entertainment, and political benefits. Also, personal gain can be – giving preferential treatment and overlooking crime.

Embezzlement refers to the act of withholding assets for the purpose of theft. Furthermore, it takes place by one or more individuals who were entrusted with these assets. Above all, embezzlement is a type of financial fraud.

The graft is a global form of Corruption. Most noteworthy, it refers to the illegal use of a politician’s authority for personal gain. Furthermore, a popular way for the graft is misdirecting public funds for the benefit of politicians .

Extortion is another major method of Corruption. It means to obtain property, money or services illegally. Above all, this obtainment takes place by coercing individuals or organizations. Hence, Extortion is quite similar to blackmail.

Favouritism and nepotism is quite an old form of Corruption still in usage. This refers to a person favouring one’s own relatives and friends to jobs. This is certainly a very unfair practice. This is because many deserving candidates fail to get jobs.

Abuse of discretion is another method of Corruption. Here, a person misuses one’s power and authority. An example can be a judge unjustly dismissing a criminal’s case.

Finally, influence peddling is the last method here. This refers to illegally using one’s influence with the government or other authorized individuals. Furthermore, it takes place in order to obtain preferential treatment or favour.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Ways of Stopping Corruption

One important way of preventing Corruption is to give a better salary in a government job. Many government employees receive pretty low salaries. Therefore, they resort to bribery to meet their expenses. So, government employees should receive higher salaries. Consequently, high salaries would reduce their motivation and resolve to engage in bribery.

Tough laws are very important for stopping Corruption. Above all, strict punishments need to be meted out to guilty individuals. Furthermore, there should be an efficient and quick implementation of strict laws.

Applying cameras in workplaces is an excellent way to prevent corruption. Above all, many individuals would refrain from indulging in Corruption due to fear of being caught. Furthermore, these individuals would have otherwise engaged in Corruption.

The government must make sure to keep inflation low. Due to the rise in prices, many people feel their incomes to be too low. Consequently, this increases Corruption among the masses. Businessmen raise prices to sell their stock of goods at higher prices. Furthermore, the politician supports them due to the benefits they receive.

To sum it up, Corruption is a great evil of society. This evil should be quickly eliminated from society. Corruption is the poison that has penetrated the minds of many individuals these days. Hopefully, with consistent political and social efforts, we can get rid of Corruption.

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Combating Corruption in the Twenty-First Century: New Approaches

Despite the focus placed on combating corruption over the last quarter-century, practical results have been disappointing. A small number of “success” stories cannot mask the fact that corruption continues to blight the lives of millions of citizens. This essay argues that part of the reason for the broad failure of anticorruption policies is that we have not specified clearly enough what we are seeking to address, and have paid insufficient attention to changes in how and where different forms of corruption operate in practice. Rather than sticking to unrealistic aspirations to “defeat” corruption, this essay argues that we should pay more attention to the positive promotion of integrity, supported by a better understanding of the drivers of individual behavior, particularly how these are more complex than suggested by the incentives-based literature. The final section of the essay outlines some practical measures we can take, underlining the need to focus reform efforts at both supra- and subnational levels in order to help move beyond what has become a sterile conversation about corruption.

PAUL M. HEYWOOD is the Sir Francis Hill Professor of European Politics in the School of Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham. He is the author of  Values and Political Change in Postcommunist Europe  (with William L. Miller and Stephen White, 1998) and editor of  Political Corruption  (1997), the  Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (2015), and  Debates of Corruption and Integrity  (with Peter Hardi and Davide Torsello, 2015). He is a Trustee of Transparency International-UK.

Why do we still need to ask how to combat corruption? After all, there has been no shortage of attention devoted to this issue over the last twenty-five years: academic researchers, policy-makers, international financial organizations, dedicated anticorruption agencies, civil society organizations, investigative journalists, prosecuting authorities, advocacy groups and coalitions, and individual champions have all engaged in the fight against corruption. And they have produced no shortage of strategies and approaches to win that fight: the World Bank has recommended “six strategies to fight corruption,” designed to complement a prior “two-pronged strategy,” in addition to “10 ways to fight corruption”; Transparency International identified “5 key ingredients” to stop corruption; while the World Economic Forum has published “5 ways to beat global corruption,” as well as “3 key steps to end corruption.” 1  The answers seem to keep coming, but the problem remains stubbornly resistant to resolution. . . .

• 1 See Augusto Lopez-Claros, “Six Strategies to Fight Corruption,” The World Bank, May 14, 2014, http://blogs.worldbank.org/futuredevelopment/six-strategies-fight-corruption; Robert Hunja, “Here are 10 Ways to Fight Corruption,” The World Bank, December 8, 2015 http://blogs .worldbank.org/governance/here-are-10-ways-fight-corruption; Transparency International, “How to Stop Corruption: 5 Key Ingredients,” March 10, 2016, https://www.transparency .org/news/feature/how_to_stop_corruption_5_key_ingredients; Blair Glencorse, “5 ways to Beat Global Corruption,” World Economic Forum, November 6, 2014, https://www.weforum .org/agenda/2014/11/five-ways-beat-global-corruption/; and Dimitri Vlassis, “3 Key Steps to End Corruption,” World Economic Forum, January 16, 2015, https://www.weforum.org/ agenda/2015/01/three-ways-to-end-global-corruption/.

Essay on How to Prevent Corruption

Students are often asked to write an essay on How to Prevent Corruption in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on How to Prevent Corruption

Understanding corruption.

Corruption is a dishonest act by those in power. It can be like taking bribes or misuse of public funds. It is harmful and unfair.

Preventing Corruption

To prevent corruption, we need to build strong institutions. They should be transparent and accountable.

Role of Education

Education plays a key role. It promotes values like honesty and integrity. It helps people understand the negative impacts of corruption.

Use of Technology

Technology can help too. It can make processes transparent and reduce chances of corruption.

Everyone has a role in preventing corruption. Let’s promote honesty and fairness.

250 Words Essay on How to Prevent Corruption

Understanding the nature of corruption.

Corruption, a societal malady, is a complex phenomenon with economic, social, and political implications. It is generally characterized by the misuse of power for personal gain. Understanding its nature is the first step towards prevention.

Strengthening Institutional Frameworks

A robust institutional framework can serve as a strong deterrent to corruption. Institutions should be transparent, accountable, and have well-defined roles. An independent judiciary and an efficient public sector can enforce anti-corruption laws, ensuring those who engage in corrupt practices face strict penalties.

Promoting Transparency and Accountability

Transparency and accountability are critical in preventing corruption. Public officials should be held accountable for their actions, and all government transactions should be transparent. This can be achieved through the use of technology, such as e-governance, which makes information easily accessible to the public, reducing the chances of corruption.

Encouraging Public Participation

Public participation in governance can significantly reduce corruption. Citizens should be encouraged to participate in decision-making processes, monitor public services, and hold government officials accountable. This can be achieved through education and awareness campaigns, promoting a culture of integrity and ethics.

Implementing Whistleblower Protection Policies

Whistleblower protection policies are crucial in encouraging individuals to report corruption. Such policies protect whistleblowers from retaliation, ensuring they can safely expose corrupt practices.

In conclusion, preventing corruption requires a multifaceted approach, including strengthening institutional frameworks, promoting transparency and accountability, encouraging public participation, and implementing whistleblower protection policies. It is a collective responsibility that requires the concerted efforts of all members of society.

500 Words Essay on How to Prevent Corruption

Introduction.

Corruption, a pervasive and longstanding problem, is a complex phenomenon with socio-economic, political, and cultural implications. It undermines democratic institutions, slows economic development, and contributes to governmental instability. Tackling corruption is not just about law enforcement. It’s about fostering a culture of ethics and integrity and creating systems that make it hard for corruption to take root.

Strengthening Institutions

A robust institutional framework is crucial to preventing corruption. Institutions should be transparent, accountable and have clearly defined roles. Strengthening judicial independence and promoting efficiency in the public sector can help reduce opportunities for corruption. The creation of specialized anti-corruption agencies can also play a significant role in detecting and prosecuting corruption.

Transparency and Accountability

Transparency is a powerful tool against corruption. When the public can see what the government is doing, it is harder for corrupt practices to go unnoticed. This can be achieved through the proactive disclosure of information, open data, and freedom of information laws. For transparency to be effective, it must be paired with accountability. Those who engage in corrupt activities must be held accountable for their actions.

Public Participation

Public participation is another critical strategy in preventing corruption. When citizens are involved in decision-making processes, it becomes difficult for corrupt officials to exploit the system for their benefit. Mechanisms for public participation could include public consultations, participatory budgeting, and social audits. These tools empower citizens to hold their government accountable.

Education and Awareness

Education and awareness are vital tools in the fight against corruption. By incorporating ethics and integrity training into the education system, we can equip future leaders with the tools they need to resist corruption. Public awareness campaigns can help citizens understand the adverse effects of corruption and how they can fight it.

Technology can also play a significant role in preventing corruption. Digital platforms can make government transactions transparent and traceable, reducing the opportunities for corruption. Blockchain technology, for example, can ensure transparency in land transactions, a sector often riddled with corruption.

International Cooperation

Corruption is a global problem that requires global solutions. International cooperation can help prevent corruption by promoting best practices, facilitating the return of stolen assets, and harmonizing legal frameworks. International conventions, such as the United Nations Convention against Corruption, provide a framework for such cooperation.

Preventing corruption requires a comprehensive approach that combines institutional reform, transparency, public participation, education, technology, and international cooperation. It is a collective effort that involves not just governments, but also civil society, the private sector, and individuals. By working together, we can create a society where corruption is not just illegal, but also socially unacceptable.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Anti Corruption
• Essay on Effects of Corruption
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How To Stop Corruption (Essay Sample)

Table of Contents

How to Stop Corruption

Developing countries mostly face a myriad of problems that impeded them from realizing their aim of providing for their citizens. It all boils down to the fact that there are institutional as well as structural roadblocks that impede the process of development in these countries.

One roadblock that has gained notoriety in the post-colonial era is the issue of corruption. As defined by most experts in the legal and political fields, corruption means illicit access to public funds for personal purposes. In other words, corruption can mean a form of thievery perpetrated by the very people who are voted into power and are expected to use public coffers for their own personal benefit.

Indeed, corruption is not only inimical in the legal sense, but it also assumes a broader dynamic when issues on economic development are concerned. First of all, modern states generate income through taxes and by selling bonds to private entities. Each year, a proposal is drafted containing all the budgetary needs of the state and the numerous investments it needs to secure. In any democratic state, it is the legislative body which “calls the shots” when it comes to preparing the national budget. But having the power over the public purse means the opening up opportunities to profit from this state function.

Public officials, whether in the local or the national domains, spend a great deal on their campaign for election or re-election (whatever the case maybe). Campaign spending on ads and other materials would cost millions of dollars. A politician running for senator, for instance, would spend at least $3 million on TV campaigns alone. The sum of money involved would eventually push politicians to compensate for these losses, the only possible way being to divert public funds into their own pockets.

Apparently, there is a need for structural reforms in dealing with the issue of corruption, but such reforms could hardly scratch the surface. What a developing nation needs is to institutionalize the following action plans.

Transparency and the availability of information

A more effective way of accounting public expenditures is to make these public by way of a law that allows private individuals to access and scrutinize information. With this comes the need for every branch of the government to cooperate. Consequently, they will become more cautious in terms of handling the use of money, from procurement down to auditing.

Get citizens involved

Corruption is an issue that impacts not just individuals, but whole communities as well. For this, it is important for citizens to organize think tanks and organizations from the grassroots that will bring discourse on corruption into the mainstream.

Crackdown on money laundering

The reason why public officials feel enamored to steal from public coffers is the idea that they can always get away with it. The fact that there are institutional loopholes maintains the culture of corruption, along with the ineffective implementation of laws that are supposed to safeguard the public interests from graft.

For this reason, countries should improve their legal structures to deal with money laundering more effectively. This will entail creating special independent bodies that are able to conduct thorough investigations on such issues.

Ending impunity

Finally, it is important for states to create mechanisms through which the culture of impunity can be adequately addressed. Politicians lie in the comfort of protectors or shady connections in order to keep their illegal activities clandestine and eventually erase any trace of wrongdoing.

Ending impunity will eventually improve a country’s anti-corruption drive. But as long as countries tolerate an unjust system of double standards, then it will be impossible to even provide solutions to corruption.

4 technologies helping us to fight corruption

Image:  REUTERS/Aly Song

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Advances in technology have led to unprecedented, rapid access to vast amounts of data on societies, the economy and the environment. To keep up with this, governments, organizations, and citizens are in a new state of experimentation, innovation and adaptation. The ‘data revolution,’ which refers to both quantities of data now available and technological innovation, has the potential to tackle key issues in society including corruption.

Aside from serving as prerequisites for democracy, access to information and transparency are key tools in the fight against corruption that lead to openness and a level playing field for both governments and markets. The emergence of these tools has the potential to push forward the anti-corruption agenda through revolutionizing methods of corruption detection, prevention and analysis. The recent leak of financial documents is just one example of how individuals and organizations are now employing different methods to harness this technology and reduce the opportunities for corruption.

1. Big Data

Technology is being used to create transparency across organizations by increasing automation, accuracy and frequency across processes. International organizations are at the forefront of this revolution developing innovative software to detect and deter fraud and collusion. As identified by the United Nations , more accessible and better quality data will lead to improved policy decisions and greater accountability and several of their recent reports outline how the data revolution will be incorporated into sustainable development commitments.

This involves sharing technology and innovation through tools such as big data, advanced networks and data-related infrastructure to improve efficiency, address capacity problems, identify critical gaps, increase collaboration, and create an incentive to innovate for the common good. Big data is primarily being employed in the fields of public health, trade and taxation where predictive analysis and visualizations that determine trends, patterns and relationships in massive volumes of data are being used to gain valuable insights. An example of this is the Australian Taxation Office using big data to search through vast amounts of records to find evidence of the use of tax havens, and data-matching to identify small online retailers that are not meeting their compliance obligations.

Traditionally it has been difficult to expose corruption due to large quantities of data. However, digitalism and the popularity of big data has led to new data management techniques to prevent fraud and abuse in the public sector. Fraud analytics are now able to detect patterns of suspicious transactions in areas including taxation and healthcare and with real time detection, agencies have been able to detect, stop and remediate fraud resulting in billions of potential cost savings . Countries are also developing new methods for data development and sharing such as the ‘World Statistics Cloud’ that aims at improving the quality of information and reducing the costs of producing public data.

2. Data Mining

Multilateral development banks (MDBs) are following suit with a range of innovative tools to monitor and oversee processes. In public procurement, data mining is being used for auditing in order to monitor when governments are issuing bids and to identify red flags, patterns of collusion and false information. It is also being used to identify ‘corrupt intent’ in payments or transactions through data visualization . Researchers at the Corruption Research Center Budapest have examined huge volumes of data sets of public procurement procedures from EU countries by searching for abnormal patterns such as exceptionally short bidding periods or unusual outcomes (e.g. no competition for the winning bid, or bids repeatedly won by the same company).

Anti-corruption software tools are being designed specifically for detecting and responding to fraud, including “intelligent mining” of data sets and administrative procedures. Both the European Commission and Transparency International have developed data analytics software that cross-checks data from various public and private institutions. This software helps to identify projects susceptible to risks of fraud , conflict of interests or irregularities as well as data mining tools through open source procurement monitoring and analytics portals . The effective integration of these tools into the e-governance and e-procurement practices of the governments would not only enhance decision making but also bring greater transparency through the simplification of processes.

3. Mobile Applications

Mobile technology and applications are being utilized to harness data and gain faster insights. In developing countries this technology is being used to empower citizens in remote areas, making information more accessible and there is no reason why the success of this technology could not be used in the fight against corruption.

Examples of this include the creation of applications and websites to detect and deter corruption such as ‘I paid a bribe’ that have encouraged the World Bank to create its own version. The ‘Integrity’ App is aimed at giving citizens access to World Bank financed projects and the opportunity to immediately report on concerns of fraud and corruption . Through the app, users can directly send information relevant to bank financed projects, e.g. photos of a half built school or recording of a bribe.

In the future, there will also be features to detect the exact location of these projects and QR tags to provide specific information on spending and the project timeline for completion. In areas where smart phones are less common, a separate mechanism will allow anyone with a basic mobile phone to contact the Integrity department of the bank free of charge. Mobile phones are also being used in Integrity (INT) investigations of fraud and corruption in World Bank financed projects and the hotline is said to receive 26,000 hits a year. In the last year, 370 cases were directly related to Bank financed projects and this has led to 34 sanctions for firms and individuals, the prevention of numerous tainted contracts before they were awarded and the development of precautions for high risk projects.

4. Forensic Tools

The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have spurred increased investment to improve data for monitoring and accountability. To share innovation and technology for the common good, the UN has proposed to create a global ‘Network of Data Innovation Networks’ that would bring organizations and experts together to contribute to the adoption of best practices for monitoring and improving efficiency.

In the public and private sector, forensic tools for auditors such as Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART) are being employed to combat corruption risk. Along with technological advances, these tools are increasingly sophisticated enough to handle data velocities as they can involve real-time analyses of transactions, predictive modelling, anomaly detection and risk-scoring algorithms seek to flag or stop potentially improper payments much sooner in their procure-to-pay processes .

To strengthen internal processes and prevent fraudulent practices, data analytics are able to periodically investigate transactions in procurement and payment models, check for anomalies and quickly identify suspicious transactions, such as illicit financial flows. Other benefits of technology that lead to detection and prevention include the automation of processes that remove human agents, e.g. contracting officials and corruption opportunities from procurement operations. This is targeted at reducing bribery in operations and can be employed in any system. At the country level, governments are moving towards open data that removes opportunities for discretion (in Moldova for example). The aim is to not only make processes more transparent, but also to reduce the reputational risk for the government.

This proliferation of technology (big data for capturing, data mining for detecting, mobile applications for increasing accessibility and forensic tools for reducing opportunities for corruption) has the potential to create unparalleled opportunities for transparency and anti-corruption. However, technology is not a quick fix or fast solution. To truly harness these trends, governments and organizations have to be quick to adapt and to act. In some cases, financial and technical investments in innovation will be required at all levels to make these changes happen, coupled with public and private sector collaboration to help officials and agencies make the leap towards new technologies. In other circumstances, international organizations and MDB’s are making the process easier through the development of sophisticated tools and next generation software to detect red flags and mitigate risks.

The new report, Partnering Against Corruption Initiative - Infrastructure & Urban Development, is available here .

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Excellent essay writing blog for students seeking help with paper writing. We provide exclusive tips and ideas that can help create the best essay possible.

How to Write A Great Corruption Essay In No Time

Corruption, a form of dishonesty or criminal activity by a person/ organization in authority, has been associated with devastating effects such as collapse of local and national economies. While laws are part of the efforts to help stamp corruption out, the best solution is building personal values that push people always to act ethically.

To help students understand more about corruption and how to avoid it, your professor is likely to give you a corruption essay. Often, many students find writing corruption essays a monumental task because the subject is wide and corruption takes different forms.

So, in order to help you with the problem, we have prepared this comprehensive guide that takes a closer look at writing a winning political corruption essay. Further, we provide pro tips and answer key questions that most students with corruption essay assignments ask.

How to Write an Essay on Corruption

When a student is faced by an assignment on corruption, it is not uncommon to stare at a blank page on the laptop and get confused, “where do I even start?” Here is a demonstration of how to go about it.

Once your tutor gives you a corruption essay, whether it is a “how political corruption affects Brazil essay” or “essay on corruption in India,” the first step is brainstorming. This will give you a better idea about the subject. You could even brainstorm with your friends about the topic to understand the weightiest points to include in the essay.

Armed with the principle idea about corruption, you need to dig deeper into the subject and pick the main points. The resources to use here can be books, research journals, newspaper articles, and interviews, among others.

• Develop an Outline

To write a good essay corruption, you need to have a clear outline. This will help you to organize the key points from the beginning to the end. Here is one of the best outlines to consider:

• Topic : Pick a topic that is interesting to avoid getting bored midway. Great topics might include FIFA corruption essay , corruption essay in English 200 words , and the impacts of corruption on the Brazilian economy .
• Introduction : Use the introduction to grab the attention of the reader and introduce your essay. Also, provide the thesis of the essay.
• Body : The body of your government corruption essay should be broken into separate paragraphs, with each discussing a different point. Make sure to use facts, quotes, and statistics to support your arguments. Also, write your essay on corruption with quotations to impress the reader.
• Conclusion : In the corruption essay conclusion, you need to summarize the paper and close it down. Here, you should not introduce new points.

Now that you have the outline, it is time to get down to business: writing your corruption essay. Remember to start by working on a draft and then refine it to create the final paper.

Pro Tips for Writing a Short Essay on Corruption

Now that you know how to write an essay on corruption, we are going to highlight some useful tips from the writing pros to make it more appealing and win more marks.

• Make sure to strictly follow your professor or department’s guidelines .
• Start working on your essay as immediately as possible . If you wait until the last moment, there is a danger of getting late with the assignment.
• Avoid distractions when writing your essay. If you write your essay when surrounded by key disruptions such as television and computer games, you are likely to do it poorly. Therefore, consider putting the distractions away when working on the cold way essay.
• Make sure to hone your skills progressively . Here, do not wait until your tutor gives the assignment, start practicing as early as possible.
• Use the latest resources. While it is true that some preferred resources might be old, only use them when it is necessary. Try to make sure most or all your references were published in the last five years.
• Proofread your work carefully. Even if you have very good points but your essay has glaring mistakes, you are likely to lose marks. Therefore, proofread your paper well to ensure it does not have confusing sentences, the ideas are arranged logically, connectors are used well, and the essay is complete.

Writing the Best Corruption Essay

To make your corruption essay for student sparkle, it is advisable to think through the problem personally.

For example, if you are writing about the effects of corruption in Brazil, try to get into the shoes of Brazilians. Imagine a hospital lacking medical supplies because money has been embezzled. Be passionate and your essay will be awe-inspiring.

Common Questions on Corruption

• What is corruption in simple words?

It is a form of dishonesty or criminal offense, especially by a person or persons who are entrusted with authority. They abuse their powers or acquire illicit benefits for personal gain.

• What is corruption and its effects?

Corruption hurts all people. Here are some of its core effects:

• Financial losses.
• Wastage of public funds.
• Damage to organization staff morale.
• Termination of employment.
• Loss of community trust in public authorities.
• Stunted economic growth.
• What are the different types of corruption?
• Embezzlement.
• What causes corruption?
• Greed for cash and desires.
• Market monopolization.
• Poor levels of democracy.
• High bureaucratic levels.
• Lack or poor press freedom.
• Lack of economic freedom.

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• Corruption Essay

Essay on Corruption

Corruption refers to any act performed by individuals or a group in lieu of some form of bribes. Corruption is considered to be a dishonest and criminal act. If proven, Corruption can lead to Legal Punishments. Oftentimes the act of Corruption comprises the rights and privileges of some. It is very hard to find a definition that takes into account all the characteristics and aspects of Corruption. However, as responsible citizens of the Nation, we all must be aware of the true meaning and manifestation of Corruption in its every form so that whenever we come across it we can raise our voice against it and fight for justice. 

Place and Process of Corruption

Corruption is very common in government or private offices. The most common acts of Corruption involve some form of Bribery. Bribery involves some use of improper favours and gifts exchanged for personal gains of some sort. Moreover, Corruption is often found to be intertwined with embezzlement. Corruption can take place in many ways and in any public and private office. It is observed that most people in a position of power or authority are more likely to be involved in corrupt acts.  

The actual reasons behind Corruption are believed to be greed and selfishness. Bribery can include a range of favours like money, gifts, company shares, sexual favours, entertainment, political benefits as well as personal gain. One or more of such favors can inspire people to indulge in Corruption and preferential treatment and also inspire them to overlook criminal activities. 

Embezzlement, on the other hand, is another form of Corruption. An embezzlement is an act of withholding or concealing information about personal assets for the purpose of illegal trading or threat. Embezzlement generally involves people who were entrusted with the assets in question in the first place. Apart from being an act of Corruption, embezzlement is also an act of financial fraud. 

Another important form of Corruption is the graft. It is a global form of Corruption. It is also one of the most noteworthy and widespread corrupt practices in existence. Grafting refers to illegally using a politician's authority to achieve personal gains or goals. An eminent Example of this would be politically influential people misdirecting public funds to meet their own selfish needs.

Another important form of Corruption is extortion. Extortion means obtaining property, money or services through illegal means. Extortion takes place by taking advantage of individuals through coercion, threats or influence. It is very similar to blackmail. One of the oldest forms of Corruption is nepotism and favoritism. Both of these practices involve people being favored for a position or task due to his or her filial or familial status or ties. 

Another form of favoritism includes influence peddling. In this case, one's influence on people in power is used to get work done. The last form of Corruption is an abuse of discretion, in this type the person is power uses his or her authority to bend legal proceedings.

How to End Corruption? 

Corruption not only hinders working in an organization but also affects the economy of a country and the efficiency of various services. To stop Corruption, the government must take stricter measures. Existing laws must be strictly implemented and if the need arises, new laws are introduced. Workplaces should be strictly monitored to prevent any unethical exchange of favors. Only an end to small forms of Corruption can result in a cumulative effect and bring a significant change in Society. 

FAQs on Corruption Essay

1. How to write an essay on Corruption?

To write an essay on Corruption, the writer needs to have an understanding and get some research done on the topic. After they know something about the topic, a broad topic line and the layout of the essay can be figured out based on the number of words required to write the essay. Students can then start writing by giving a quirky and compelling headline that captures the reader's attention. After giving the headline, come the major and most important paragraph of the essay, that is, the introduction of the essay. The introduction sets the feel of the essay and should be written keeping that in mind. 

Most people who will see the essay will go through the headline and the introduction paragraph and this will set the impression if the reader will read the complete essay or not. Students can then move on to writing three to four paragraphs or more in the body part where they can explain more about Corruption, why it happens and how to solve the problem of Corruption. This will be the main content part of the essay. Then the student can conclude the essay with a nice conclusion which the reader will take with them, it should include the gist of the whole article and its important points. This is how students can write an essay on Corruption. They can also refer to Vedantu's website where they can find essays on Corruption and other topics that they can use or refer to.

2. How to prepare to write an Exam?

Essays are a form of creative writing which is often tested in Exams for a good weightage of marks. Creative writing is a skill and like all skills, it can also be learned. To write long-form content like this, where minimum word limits are given, it's necessary to note the information, one knows about the topic and then divide the topic in optimum layout to cover the maximum and minimum word limit. 

Any essay should be divided into 3 parts- The Introduction, The Body, and The Conclusion. The introduction of any essay is very important as a good introduction can really impress a teacher. The body contains the main facts, data, and explanation of the introduction. Conclusion concludes an essay with a complete list of the topic. Good words and proper use of grammar will give a different shine to your essay and the complete English Exam. 

Essay writing can be difficult for some students, but students should remember that essay writing is an easy and high-scoring area in an English Exam or test. Students can learn more about Essay Writing at Vedantu's official website where they can browse from various Examples of essays written by our best English teachers to help the students to get full marks in content writing. This is how students can write an essay in an Exam and get full marks.

3. Why does Corruption exist in Society?

Corruption is the venom that can destroy any Society. Tackling Corruption is indirectly tackling people's mindset and handling their needs by keeping the system fair and equal for everyone. The last decades have shown a lot of growth in the overall condition of the country but the Corruption rates have also sky-rocketed. Corruption can also exist because greedy people have a good network and contacts that get the work done.  Corruption can give one temporary control over their time but they should remember that they'll eventually be caught one day.

4. How to write a good body in an essay?

Essays are long-form creative writing exercises that can be often difficult for many students. The most time-consuming and biggest element of an essay is the body which comprises all the facts, explanations, and examples of the essay.  After writing a perfect and compelling introduction, the writer has to start the main heart and soul of the essay; the body. 

The body can be started by explaining the introduction statements and explaining one's opinion on the topic. These explanations and opinions can be backed up by some evidence, facts, or theories. That's how one can write a good body element in an essay. To study more about essay writing, one can check Vedantu's official website where they can browse many Examples and sample written essays on several topics by the best English teachers. Students can master the skill of essay writing with some practice and guidance.

5. What makes a good conclusion in an essay?

Essays are divided into 3 parts where the conclusion comes last after an introduction and the body. Introduction and body are important but the conclusion will decide how much the reader will take back with the conclusion is the concluding paragraph or paragraphs which need an essay with the gist of the complete essay. Unlike the introductory paragraph, which outlines the general idea of the essay, the conclusion should precisely confirm why one's thesis is correct using the facts from your supportive body paragraphs. That's why a conclusion is an important part of an essay and should be written that way. To learn more about essay writing, one can check out Vedantu's official website where they can find the format, Examples, and tips to write a good essay and a good conclusion. They'll find essays written on numerous topics by the best English teachers at Vedantu.

• Essay Editor

Perfecting How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay

Struggling to wrap up your college essay ? You need a conclusion that ties everything together and leaves a strong final impression. This article will show you exactly how to write a conclusion for an essay, covering how to restate your thesis , summarize key points, highlight broader implications, and avoid common mistakes.

Key Takeaways

• Restate your thesis in a fresh way to remind readers of your main argument while reflecting on insights from the essay.
• Summarize key points cohesively to reinforce the significance of your arguments and provide closure for your readers.
• Highlight broader implications of your argument to show its relevance and leave a lasting impression with a strong final sentence.
• Ensure your conclusion leaves a good final impression to reinforce the significance of your arguments and provide closure for your readers.

Restate Your Thesis Statement

Rephrasing your thesis statement in the final paragraph of your essay consolidates the central argument, connecting it to the reader’s comprehension. You should rearticulate the thesis in a refreshed form rather than replicating it exactly. Aim to convey it anew, capturing the evolution of thought that has occurred over the course of your writing.

Consider your thesis as a prism through which everything in your essay is viewed by readers. As they arrive at its conclusion, this prism ought to have been subtly reshaped by all preceding points and evidence brought forth. Offering an updated take on this initial assertion accentuates both its importance and connection with every component presented in support.

Seamlessly weaving into any segment of your concluding section, make certain that revisiting or restating such main points amplifies and enhances their original presentation. It’s essential for tying up all lines of discussion within the work effectively while leaving no doubt about what you’ve proposed throughout—ultimately providing clarity for those engaged with your text.

Summarize Key Points

In crafting an effective conclusion paragraph, it’s crucial to remind the readers of the weight your arguments hold by summarizing the essay's main points. By weaving together these main ideas seamlessly, you avoid mere repetition and instead present a unified endnote.

By providing a concise summary that encapsulates both your thesis statement and primary findings, you aid in solidifying these concepts within the reader’s mind. This is akin to offering them one last preparatory moment before drawing their conclusions—aiming for absolute clarity on all fronts.

To bolster your overall argument, concisely touch upon each point made throughout the essay and illuminate how they collectively underpin your central thesis. In doing so, this not only substantiates but also neatly wraps up your narrative thread while instilling comprehension about its importance in the reader’s perception.

Conclude with an uplifting sentiment. Leave no doubt that every point laid out contributes indispensably toward assembling a cogent and persuasive whole—an approach guaranteed to imprint a favorable lasting impression on any audience.

Highlight Broader Implications

In crafting an effective conclusion, it’s important to extend beyond merely rehashing the main points of your essay. Aim to illuminate the broader implications of your research within a more expansive framework, thus underscoring its relevance and importance in a larger context. By addressing the 'so what' question, you clarify the significance of your arguments and ensure that the purpose of your essay remains clear from the thesis to the conclusion.

Examine how far-reaching the influence of your argument might be. Take, for instance, an essay that examines the advantages of renewable energy. Here, the concluding remarks could contemplate how these perks may shape future policy-making or address climate change concerns. By delineating these wider consequences, you give readers insight into why your points matter on a grander scale.

Utilizing thought-stimulating devices such as impactful quotations or provocative questions can elevate and enrich your conclusion’s impact. They invite deeper reflection on both the topic at hand and its far-flung ramifications while hinting at potential avenues for inquiry or action steps that expand upon this realm of discussion — offering much food for thought to those perusing through.

By positioning itself as something like a rallying cry, an insightful closure prompts readers towards not only reflecting upon but also actively engaging with greater issues raised throughout—ultimately serving as encouragement toward additional exploration or engagement post-read.

Leave a Lasting Impression

Ensure that your essay’s final sentence is potent and unequivocal, as it represents the concluding remark on the matter. Seize this ultimate opportunity to make an indelible impact and end on a positive note.

Employing a rhetorical question can effectively captivate readers, fostering deeper contemplation and engagement with your discourse. In lieu of that approach, quoting pertinent literature may highlight your conclusions’ importance in a way that lingers with them.

Crafting a good conclusion involves distilling essential insights while refraining from introducing novel content. Thoroughly revising this segment for coherence and professionalism is critical. Utilizing first-person pronouns within your closing thoughts can forge an emotional bond, enhancing their impact and resonance with the audience.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

When crafting the conclusion of your essay, it is essential to steer clear of introducing new concepts or evidence that necessitates an in-depth explanation. Doing so can leave the reader perplexed and overshadow the key arguments you have meticulously developed earlier. Avoiding these mistakes is crucial for crafting a strong conclusion that reinforces your key arguments and leaves a lasting impression.

In approaching your concluding paragraph, strive for originality and captivation by elegantly paraphrasing your central arguments in a concise manner drawn from your body paragraphs. Simultaneously, avoid language that implies doubt or hesitation, as this can weaken the persuasiveness of your claims.

A well-executed conclusion weaves together the principal points presented throughout the essay, highlighting their interrelation rather than merely reiterating them. Bolstering these points with pertinent supporting evidence solidifies the trustworthiness of your conclusions and ensures that your ultimate position is communicated with precision.

Examples of Effective Conclusions

To illustrate the principles of effective conclusions, let’s review some examples. A brief essay about the impact of the printing press could end with a succinct summary that encapsulates its main points and fortifies its central argument. In a college essay, a strong conclusion is as vital as the introduction, providing closure and reinforcing the thesis statement.

For example , in concluding an essay analyzing “Frankenstein,” one might underscore their unique interpretation while shedding light on more far-reaching implications and ensuring it leaves an enduring mark on readers. Utilizing various strategies, such as recapping key arguments or infusing fresh perspectives, can enhance your writing’s ending.

Effective endings bolster your primary thesis and resonate with your audience. From these illustrations, absorb how to weave together critical points, contemplate broader consequences, and craft memorable closures into your own essays.

In summarizing your essay, it is crucial to deliver a strong conclusion that resonates with the audience. Ensuring you echo your thesis statement, encapsulating the key points discussed throughout, addressing the broader implications of your argument, and creating a memorable final impression are all elements that constitute a compelling closing segment. Ensuring your conclusion leaves a good final impression is essential for reinforcing the significance of your arguments and providing closure for your readers.

It’s important to be mindful not to fall into typical pitfalls like bringing in new concepts or resorting to cliched expressions while wrapping up. Observing examples of well-crafted conclusions can demonstrate how these components harmonize effectively. Equipped with this understanding, you possess the necessary skills for constructing potent essay conclusions capable of engaging your readers’ thoughts well beyond their reading experience.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you write a good conclusion for an essay.

Emphasize the key arguments and their importance, illustrating how they affect or could influence future results to craft a potent conclusion.

Conclude by presenting an appeal for action or an intriguing concept that prompts your readers to deeply consider the points made in your argument.

Why is it important to restate the thesis statement in the conclusion?

Restating the thesis, in conclusion, is key because it reinforces your main argument and ensures that your readers remember your core message clearly.

It ties everything together, making your conclusion more impactful.

How can I summarize key points without repeating myself?

To avoid repetition, focus on synthesizing the main ideas into a cohesive summary that reinforces your key points.

This way, you present a clear conclusion without just restating the details.

What are the broader implications, and why should I include them?

Incorporating the broader implications into your paper bolsters its relevance and appeal, as it connects your argument to more significant societal concerns or potential future trends. This approach not only captivates but also adds value to the reader by elucidating how the points you raise extend their importance outside of the essay’s scope.

What techniques can I use to leave a lasting impression?

Using techniques like rhetorical questions, impactful quotes, and thought-provoking statements can really make your message stick with your audience.

Just remember, a little engagement goes a long way!

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Here’s What I Learned From Trump’s Victory: I’m the Problem. It’s Me

Michael ian black thought four years of corruption, lies, ineptitude, graft, and cruelty had cured our dalliance with authoritarianism. nope..

Welp. I thought we were past this. I really did. I was wrong.

For the last years, my Twitter feed has been filled with MAGA trolls telling me that people like me “are the problem.” I never believed them. At least I didn’t until last night, when my nation confirmed it. Turns out, people like me really are the problem, and I must admit, as Donald Trump begins the process of assuming his second presidency, that I don’t know what to do about it.

The thing is, people like me don’t want to believe that half of my countrymen support the things Donald Trump supports. We thought four years of corruption, lies, ineptitude, graft, and cruelty cured our dalliance with our authoritarianism. Turns out the following four years of recovery only whetted their appetite.

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People like me believed that the office of the presidency would humble even the most hardened heart, just as it has for each of its previous occupants (well, there might have been a couple exceptions before Trump). We thought that even if a humbug were to assume the office that the other two thirds of the government would keep him in line. We thought even the most cynical politicians would put the nation’s interests above their own. We were wrong.

I know Trump voters told pollsters that it was all about the economy, and maybe it was. Eggs and milk are higher. I’m not disputing that, but people like me thought our fellow Americans recognized that the cause of that inflation, and which the Trump administration initiated and the Biden administration continued, kept the economy afloat, and that President Biden steered the nation towards the soft recovery every economist believed was impossible. People like me were wrong.

In 2016, we thought Trump’s blatant misogyny would turn off enough white women voters to deny him a victory. In 2024, we thought overturning Roe would do the same. Both times we thought American misogyny would not deny a highly qualified female candidate a victory. We were wrong.

In 2016, we thought Trump’s blatant xenophobia and racism would turn off enough white people of good will to deny him a victory. In 2024, we thought enough Latinos would rebel against the same. We were wrong.

Time and again, people like me have been wrong about our fellow Americans. Those Americans have told me, time and again, that I live in a Hollywood bubble (despite the fact that I live in Savannah, GA) and that I don’t understand the problems of regular folks like them, despite the fact that I come from fairly modest circumstances, myself. Time and again, I have dismissed these people’s opinion of me because I didn’t want it to be true. Turns out it was true. If this is who “regular folk” want to lead them, then I really don’t understand at all.

Because I don’t understand how a nation founded in the highest aspirations of a people can choose to be led by somebody who only appeals to their basest desires. I don’t understand how a nation that has fought so hard to overcome the worst of its sins can be led so easily back into temptation.

What do my fellow Americans envision mass deportations are going to look like? A country that only 80 years ago locked 120,000 people into internment camps are now going to do the same to millions? This is what my fellow Americans just voted for. Unless they don’t really believe he’ll do it. In which case they’re voting for somebody they believe is lying to them. Forgive me, I don’t understand.

America obviously wants a return to something… I wish I’d ever heard a cogent explanation of exactly what , but there was, apparently, a time of American greatness that was also, somehow, a time when the men were men, the women were happy and in which, as Garrison Keillor so lovingly described his mystical hometown of Lake Wobegon, the children were above average. It is, in other words, a fiction. Worse, it’s the fiction of a fiction. Because that America loved its neighbors. This America spits on them. Or maybe, again, I’ve just got it all wrong.

Speaking of Garrison Keillor, another disgraced octogenarian making a comeback, I remember when Trump won in 2016, Keillor wrote:

Democrats can spend four years raising heirloom tomatoes, meditating, reading Jane Austen, traveling around the country, tasting artisan beers, and let the Republicans build the wall and carry on the trade war with China and deport the undocumented and deal with opioids, and we Democrats can go for a long, brisk walk and smell the roses.

I remember reading those words for the first time and feeling righteous indignation at them. How dare he, I thought, When he has the privilege to go read Jane Austen and smell his damned roses. Eight years later, I take his point. The world is going to keep spinning, one way or the other, and there’s not a damned thing people like me can do about it. Not anymore.

People like me feel foolish today. Not because we lost an election, but because we put our faith in those stupid higher ideals that founded our nation. I know, I know. Trump supporters will say the same, and both of us will believe that the other side misread those same, stupid founding documents. But when I read the opening of the Constitution, I don’t read it in the voice of Donald J. Trump. I hear it in the voices of my immigrant grandparents and great-grandparents. Of my friends and neighbors and the people I interact with every day. What does it mean to Donald Trump to form a more perfect union? What does it mean to them?

Are we more of a union today or less? People like me believe one way. We’re wrong about everything else. I hope we’re wrong about this, too.

Michael Ian Black

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‘AIPAC represents the most cynical side of politics where money buys power’

Israel-born historian, political scientist and public intellectual Ilan Pappé speaks to Open

Israel-born historian and political scientist Ilan Pappé

Israel-born academic and writer  Ilan Pappé  has   written more than 20 books on the troubled region comprising Israel and Palestine, the latest being  Lobbying for Zionism on Both Sides of the Atlantic  (2024). The 68-year-old has faced harassment at the hands of various Western agencies for speaking truth to power and for offering historical and scholarly context to the ongoing crisis in Gaza and other areas under Israeli control.

Pappé ,  a professor at the University of Exeter and an alumnus of the University of Oxford and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, is a maverick historian who is part of the league called ‘New Historians’. They unmask and challenge conventional interpretations about Israel’s creation from declassified imperial British and local documents. Pappé has done extensive analysis of the functioning of pro-Israeli lobby groups, including the powerful American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), and how they changed the map of the Middle East through aggressive campaigns and by buying out politicians.

Pappé   was born in Haifa to German-Jewish emigrants but had to leave the country in the face of threats, which forced him to seek asylum in the UK in the 2000s. He has penned several best-selling works such as  The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, The Modern Middle East, A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples , and  Ten Myths about Israel .

Excerpts from an interview:

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s war on Palestinians has found great support in the West. What does that say about the Western notions of genocide and suffering of people in the Global South?

There is a clear hypocrisy in the West. This can be seen when we compare its attitude towards the war in Ukraine and the one in Palestine. But this is beyond hypocrisy. It is impossible to understand how even cynical politicians remain indifferent to a genocide that is broadcast daily in front of their eyes. This will come back to haunt Israel and its allies in the West. This is a new phase when the West is complicit in a genocide committed by one of its own allies, and it does not do anything. It ridicules international law and morality.

This war (which many observers call genocide) has put the spotlight on Zionist lobbying which, besides canvassing consent for their cause, also forces people to remain silent for fear of a backlash. Do you agree?

It is more than the Zionist lobby. It is the whole question of why the West provides Israel with such exceptional immunity. One of the answers is the work of the lobby, but it is also Islamophobia; neo-imperialist and neo-capitalist factors are also crucial here. Israel is serving a powerful alliance: some support it for religious reasons, both Christians and Jews; some because of racism against Arabs and Muslims, and some because of the military industry, high-tech profits, and so on.

Why does AIPAC consider idealists like you to be enemies? 

The reason is that AIPAC represents the most cynical side of politics in general and in the USA in particular where money buys influence and power. If you use the same attitude and means, you feel you are not better morally than your rivals. So, it is natural that the campaign against AIPAC is led by people who believe that one day morality will be inserted into politics in general and in the USA in particular.

What is the modus operandi of AIPAC when it comes to wooing American politicians?

Since its inception (in 1963), the key modus operandi of this organisation has been to track politicians in the very early stages of their careers. They are promised endless help and threatened that such help will be given to their rival should they refuse to abide by a pro-Israeli stance throughout their career.

Another method is to use all their force on someone of significance who expresses even moderate criticism of Israel and try to depose him or her from their senior positions.

A third modus operandi involves being involved in the school and university curricula, and influencing film industries such as Hollywood.

How did the Christian Zionists, who were mostly anti-Semitic to start with, find a common cause with Jewish Zionists since the beginning of this lobbying?

It is more than a common cause. They began the Zionist project and there is no contradiction. Both Zionism and Christian Zionism do not want to see the Jews in the West but only in Palestine. Both ideologies regard the Jews as a race, not a religion. What they do not have in common is the vision of the Christian Zionists that in the end of time the Jews will have to convert to Christianity.

Lobbying, you argue, was at the root of both these groups who assumed that a divine mission drove them. How do you think this process has transformed the world over time?

It turned Palestine into a case study that proved that terms such as universal, international law, and, in fact, all the lofty values Europe claims to bestow on the world since the Enlightenment were empty words. These noble values were never respected at the time of colonialism and imperialism, and they are not respected today in the case of Palestine. We have a long way to go to uproot racism and phobias to make this world more just.

Are there commonalities between the white American idea of a settler state and that of Israel?

Part of the support for Israel has to do with the fact that both societies are settler-colonial societies. But there is, as we noted, the imperialist interest of new conservatives and neo-capitalists that at least until recently reflected the same goals in the Middle East as those of Israel. The Christian Zionists have their impact as well. So, the settler-colonial past plays a role but is not the only explanation.

Why do you think the Israelis want to expand their war beyond Palestine?

They want to impose their will by military means on the region. If the need for that is to invade Lebanon, they will invade Lebanon, and if the need for that is to try and deter Iran, or even destroy its nuclear capabilities, they will go to war. Will they succeed? That is another question.

The slain Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar and the late Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah are often portrayed as terrorists by the Western media. This slant gets lapped up across the world. What are your thoughts on this narrative? 

I think this is part of the hypocrisy and double talk. Terrorism can either be an ideology or a method. Israel, the USA, Hezbollah, and Hamas use terrorism as part of their policies, so we have to begin by asking what we think about the goals of each side, and then ask about their options and capacities. So, yes Hamas and Hezbollah use terrorism and so do Israel. In the case of Hamas, it is part of the struggle for liberation against policies of elimination of the Palestinian people. We can demand that everyone should respect international laws, but we also should not deny the right of self-defence to people who are occupied and colonised.

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What You Need to Know About Election Night Results and The New York Times Needle

Here’s how we will bring you the latest vote totals and estimates of the outcome on the presidential race and other contests around the country.

By The New York Times

This article was written by The Times’s Election Analytics team, which operates the election night statistical model known as the Needle.

The 2024 Needle is live. Get the latest presidential election forecast here.

We have spent months preparing to report on thousands of federal, state and local races on Election Day, including by collecting results and other data on the vote count from precincts and counties across the country. This year, a team of nearly 100 Times journalists, engineers, statisticians, data experts and researchers are collaborating to deliver up-to-the-minute results, displayed live on nytimes.com with a full array of interactive maps and charts so that you can see what is happening in the most important races of the night.

That data also feeds into the Needle, our election night statistical model, which estimates the final outcome based on partial election results, helping readers understand what to make of the vote that has been counted so far.

Publishing the Needle live on election night relies on computer systems maintained by engineers across the company, including some who are currently on strike . How we display our election forecast will depend on those systems, as well as incoming data feeds, and we will only publish a live version of the Needle if we are confident those systems are stable.

If we are not able to stream the Needle’s results live, our journalists plan to run its statistical model periodically, examine its output and publish updates in our live blog about what they see — giving our readers a sense of where the race actually stands over the course of the night.

We introduced the Needle in 2016 and have been refining it ever since. Here is a look at how it works:

Questions about the election Needle and the data behind it:

Why have the needle, how does the needle work, how do you read the needle, does the needle use a.i., how does the times make race calls, where does the data for the needle come from, and what kind of data do we collect, what kind of contact do we have with election officials, are data errors common on election night how will they be caught and addressed, why does it sometimes take so long to know who won.

The purpose of the Needle is to put election results in proper context as they come in. Early returns are often very misleading; the first votes counted often differ substantially from those that remain.

The unrepresentative nature of the early vote reports is because of the way unofficial election results are reported in the United States. Counties often report out tranches of votes based on the way ballots were cast — such as reporting absentee ballots first, then reporting ballots cast on Election Day. Generally speaking, absentee ballots are more Democratic than the final results and Election Day ballots are more Republican. In some states, less populous, rural areas will be counted more quickly than more densely populated, urban areas, which can create a Republican mirage.

The Needle takes all of this into account in order to estimate the final outcome of the race.

The Needle considers two fundamental questions: Where are the votes that remain to be counted in a particular race, and which candidate is faring better than expected in the results so far?

As results begin coming in, the Needle compares what is being reported with pre-election expectations, county by county and precinct by precinct. It then estimates who will win the remaining vote based on patterns it has seen in the results so far.

But making these calculations is far from easy.

Pre-election expectations are created by combining data from New York Times/Siena College polls , other public polls, voter registration files, the U.S. census and past election results. At the start of the night, this is all the model knows.

Once it receives results, the Needle uses a statistical model to spot demographic patterns that help it understand how votes vary in different types of counties or precincts. If a candidate performs better than expected in highly educated areas, for example, our model will adjust other highly educated areas toward that candidate. It then blends its pre-election expectations, the output of the statistical model and the results that have been tabulated thus far into a single estimate.

Like any statistical model, the Needle improves as it sees more and better data. It performs best when an election includes predictable partisan and demographic divides, which allow it to judge quickly whether a candidate is on track for a victory. It is helped when election officials break out returns based on different methods of voting, like voting in person, or by mail.

Precinct data, in particular, allows the Needle to be highly accurate. Because precincts are the smallest geographical units reporting election results, they provide complete vote counts far more quickly than counties do. The Needle uses election results from completed precincts to adjust pre-election expectations in the rest of the country. This is why Needle expectations in some places can adjust before any results have been reported in that state.

For the 2024 general election, we plan to feed the Needle an unprecedented amount of data, which, we hope, will allow it to build on its track record of accuracy and to adjust its estimates of what the final outcome will look like more quickly.

The Needle does more than just create an estimate of a candidate’s final share of votes. It also provides a range of possibilities as to how the race might go. As more votes come in, the Needle becomes more “confident” in the final outcome.

One way the Needle conveys uncertainty is through measurements known as confidence intervals, which estimate the likelihood of different final outcomes. To create a confidence interval, the Needle simulates possible results scenarios in each race, using its knowledge about the accuracy of past Needle estimates compared with election results. The displayed confidence interval, shown by colored bands spreading out from the Needle chart, contains 95 percent of those simulated results. Outcomes beyond the confidence interval are still possible, but the Needle considers them unlikely. As the Needle gets election results and becomes more confident, the confidence interval shrinks.

Uncertainty with the Needle estimates is worth taking seriously: A candidate with a 75 percent chance of winning, in the view of the Needle, is likely to win only 75 percent of the time. One in four times, that candidate will lose. On a night with many races like this one in November, some candidates with that chance of winning will lose. This is just what we’d expect: a 75 percent chance, of course, doesn’t mean a 100 percent chance.

No. The Needle uses statistical modeling and other techniques, but does not use artificial intelligence. One of our principles is that journalists should understand what the Needle is doing, and why, at all times. There is a team of journalists reviewing the data that comes in and goes out of the model at all times on election night. If the journalists responsible for the Needle must sleep before the race is called, the Needle will be paused as well.

The Needle does not call race results, as there are countless ways for it to be led astray by bad data or unanticipated problems. In the end, it still takes a human being to figure out when a race is over.

For the majority of races, we rely on calls by The Associated Press, which employs a team of analysts, researchers and race callers who have a deep understanding of the states where they declare winners. In some tightly contested races, The Times independently evaluates A.P. race calls before declaring a winner. In very rare circumstances, when The Times has significant additional insight into the race, we may make the decision to call a race independently of The Associated Press.

The data behind the Needle

We collect unofficial election results as election officials report them on election night. We publish those returns on our results pages and also use them to power our Needle estimates.

Our county-level results come from a feed by The Associated Press, whose nationwide network of reporters and stringers provide results for thousands of races at the federal, state and local levels.

There is no single source that gathers all precinct-level election results. Collecting this data is complex because states and counties conduct elections and report results according to different requirements and procedures. But we make a big effort to get as much precinct data as we can, because it is highly valuable to the Needle in that it allows our estimates to be adjusted much earlier on election night.

In the months leading up to an election, the data collection team contacts state officials and hundreds of counties to understand whether precinct results will be available on election night, and in particular whether they will be reported according to voting method (for example, cast in person, or by mail). Our research also incorporates updates to precinct geographic boundaries, which can change frequently in many states.

Using this information, we produce a feed of precinct results that is fed to the Needle on election night.

The collection process uses many layers of checks, including the monitoring of the feed by dozens of New York Times data specialists throughout the night, to ensure that the results that election officials are reporting are correct. This level of precision and specificity helps the Needle make accurate election night estimates.

Other than results reported by precinct, we also collect data on voter turnout and on mail ballot requests, both of which help in estimating the final number of votes to expect in a state or county. Since some states will continue to tabulate votes for weeks after Election Day, we also gather information on how many ballots remain to be counted in various localities in these states.

Because elections are so decentralized in the United States, we spend a lot of time talking to local officials so we can put all this data into the proper context. Each city, county and township is slightly different, staffed by local officials who work day in and day out to make sure every vote is counted fairly. We have been talking to these officials all year, making sure we have the correct precinct maps and names, understand how they count votes, know what kinds of reports they produce and are familiar with the many other details that will come together on election night.

County and state election officials are very clear that votes reported on election night are unofficial. Before final results are recorded, they take many steps to confirm and certify results.

As a result of the real-time nature of the election night feed of results, errors can be introduced temporarily. This is common. Vote counting and reporting is still a largely human process in many places and it’s possible that zeros may be added, names of candidates may temporarily be switched or numbers may be typed incorrectly. These errors are frequently caught very quickly and fixed within minutes. And all election results go through a final review before certification.

Although precinct data is statistically powerful, it is also particularly susceptible to these data entry mistakes. Because the model will ingest more data than ever in this election, we have taken particular care to put safeguards in place to catch data that has obvious problems.

We have a team of nearly 100 journalists, statisticians, graphics editors, data experts and researchers who monitor data as it comes in on election night and election week. We also have automated checks that flag data if it is far outside our expectations, and in some cases will prevent it from appearing on the website before it has been reviewed for accuracy.

In recent years, more and more Americans have cast their votes by mail rather than in person on Election Day. Often it takes extra time to count these mail-in ballots because of security procedures election officials must follow, such as verifying the signature on the ballot’s envelope. Each state has different rules for when mail-in ballots can be received and how soon they can be processed and tabulated. In close races, these ballots can make a difference.

Some swing states, like Arizona and Nevada, are expected to take days to finish counting votes because a vast majority of their ballots are cast by mail. If a candidate’s victory in the presidential race comes down to these states, we will need to wait for enough ballots to be counted before a call can be made.

This article was written by Irineo Cabreros , Nate Cohn , Lindsey Rogers Cook , Saurabh Datar , William P. Davis , Alex Lemonides , Ilana Marcus and Christine Zhang .

Our Coverage of the 2024 Election

The Presidential Race

How Trump Won: After the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, even many Republicans believed Donald Trump’s political career was over. He proved everyone wrong .

America Hires a Strongman: With Trump’s win, the United States stands on the precipice of an authoritarian style of governance  never before seen in its history.

A Different Kind of Country: Trump’s comeback victory has established him as a transformational force reshaping the United States  in his own image.

Other Results

Senate: Republicans seized control of the  chamber , picking up at least three Democratic seats and protecting their own embattled lawmakers.

House: Several important races were still undecided  as of Wednesday morning, leaving the fate of the majority unclear .

Abortion Ballot Measures : Voters in seven states approved ballot amendments  establishing a right to abortion in their state constitutions.

More Coverage and Analysis

Takeaways: Here are 10 takeaways  from an election that is likely to again place America’s democracy under enormous stress.

A Red Shift: Of the counties with nearly complete results, more than 90% shifted in favor of Trump .

JD Vance: The 40-year-old senator, who went from anti-Trump author to pro-Trump defender, will be one of America’s youngest vice presidents .