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5 Benefits of Learning Through the Case Study Method

• 28 Nov 2023

While several factors make HBS Online unique —including a global Community and real-world outcomes —active learning through the case study method rises to the top.

In a 2023 City Square Associates survey, 74 percent of HBS Online learners who also took a course from another provider said HBS Online’s case method and real-world examples were better by comparison.

Here’s a primer on the case method, five benefits you could gain, and how to experience it for yourself.

Access your free e-book today.

What Is the Harvard Business School Case Study Method?

The case study method , or case method , is a learning technique in which you’re presented with a real-world business challenge and asked how you’d solve it. After working through it yourself and with peers, you’re told how the scenario played out.

HBS pioneered the case method in 1922. Shortly before, in 1921, the first case was written.

“How do you go into an ambiguous situation and get to the bottom of it?” says HBS Professor Jan Rivkin, former senior associate dean and chair of HBS's master of business administration (MBA) program, in a video about the case method . “That skill—the skill of figuring out a course of inquiry to choose a course of action—that skill is as relevant today as it was in 1921.”

Originally developed for the in-person MBA classroom, HBS Online adapted the case method into an engaging, interactive online learning experience in 2014.

In HBS Online courses , you learn about each case from the business professional who experienced it. After reviewing their videos, you’re prompted to take their perspective and explain how you’d handle their situation.

You then get to read peers’ responses, “star” them, and comment to further the discussion. Afterward, you learn how the professional handled it and their key takeaways.

Learn more about HBS Online's approach to the case method in the video below, and subscribe to our YouTube channel for more.

HBS Online’s adaptation of the case method incorporates the famed HBS “cold call,” in which you’re called on at random to make a decision without time to prepare.

“Learning came to life!” said Sheneka Balogun , chief administration officer and chief of staff at LeMoyne-Owen College, of her experience taking the Credential of Readiness (CORe) program . “The videos from the professors, the interactive cold calls where you were randomly selected to participate, and the case studies that enhanced and often captured the essence of objectives and learning goals were all embedded in each module. This made learning fun, engaging, and student-friendly.”

If you’re considering taking a course that leverages the case study method, here are five benefits you could experience.

5 Benefits of Learning Through Case Studies

1. take new perspectives.

The case method prompts you to consider a scenario from another person’s perspective. To work through the situation and come up with a solution, you must consider their circumstances, limitations, risk tolerance, stakeholders, resources, and potential consequences to assess how to respond.

Taking on new perspectives not only can help you navigate your own challenges but also others’. Putting yourself in someone else’s situation to understand their motivations and needs can go a long way when collaborating with stakeholders.

2. Hone Your Decision-Making Skills

Another skill you can build is the ability to make decisions effectively . The case study method forces you to use limited information to decide how to handle a problem—just like in the real world.

Throughout your career, you’ll need to make difficult decisions with incomplete or imperfect information—and sometimes, you won’t feel qualified to do so. Learning through the case method allows you to practice this skill in a low-stakes environment. When facing a real challenge, you’ll be better prepared to think quickly, collaborate with others, and present and defend your solution.

3. Become More Open-Minded

As you collaborate with peers on responses, it becomes clear that not everyone solves problems the same way. Exposing yourself to various approaches and perspectives can help you become a more open-minded professional.

When you’re part of a diverse group of learners from around the world, your experiences, cultures, and backgrounds contribute to a range of opinions on each case.

On the HBS Online course platform, you’re prompted to view and comment on others’ responses, and discussion is encouraged. This practice of considering others’ perspectives can make you more receptive in your career.

“You’d be surprised at how much you can learn from your peers,” said Ratnaditya Jonnalagadda , a software engineer who took CORe.

In addition to interacting with peers in the course platform, Jonnalagadda was part of the HBS Online Community , where he networked with other professionals and continued discussions sparked by course content.

“You get to understand your peers better, and students share examples of businesses implementing a concept from a module you just learned,” Jonnalagadda said. “It’s a very good way to cement the concepts in one's mind.”

4. Enhance Your Curiosity

One byproduct of taking on different perspectives is that it enables you to picture yourself in various roles, industries, and business functions.

“Each case offers an opportunity for students to see what resonates with them, what excites them, what bores them, which role they could imagine inhabiting in their careers,” says former HBS Dean Nitin Nohria in the Harvard Business Review . “Cases stimulate curiosity about the range of opportunities in the world and the many ways that students can make a difference as leaders.”

Through the case method, you can “try on” roles you may not have considered and feel more prepared to change or advance your career .

5. Build Your Self-Confidence

Finally, learning through the case study method can build your confidence. Each time you assume a business leader’s perspective, aim to solve a new challenge, and express and defend your opinions and decisions to peers, you prepare to do the same in your career.

According to a 2022 City Square Associates survey , 84 percent of HBS Online learners report feeling more confident making business decisions after taking a course.

“Self-confidence is difficult to teach or coach, but the case study method seems to instill it in people,” Nohria says in the Harvard Business Review . “There may well be other ways of learning these meta-skills, such as the repeated experience gained through practice or guidance from a gifted coach. However, under the direction of a masterful teacher, the case method can engage students and help them develop powerful meta-skills like no other form of teaching.”

How to Experience the Case Study Method

If the case method seems like a good fit for your learning style, experience it for yourself by taking an HBS Online course. Offerings span eight subject areas, including:

• Business essentials
• Leadership and management
• Entrepreneurship and innovation
• Digital transformation
• Finance and accounting
• Business in society

No matter which course or credential program you choose, you’ll examine case studies from real business professionals, work through their challenges alongside peers, and gain valuable insights to apply to your career.

Are you interested in discovering how HBS Online can help advance your career? Explore our course catalog and download our free guide —complete with interactive workbook sections—to determine if online learning is right for you and which course to take.

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Business Management Case Study: A Complete Breakdown

Gain a comprehensive understanding of the "Business Management Case Study" as we break down the concept from start to finish. Discover the incredible journeys of companies like Apple Inc., Tesla and Netflix as they navigate innovation, global expansion, and transformation. This detailed analysis will provide insights into the dynamic world of business management.

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Case studies play a pivotal role in understanding real-world challenges, strategies, and outcomes in the ever-evolving field of Business Management. This blog dives into the intricacies of a compelling Business Management Case Study, dissecting its components to extract valuable insights for aspiring managers, entrepreneurs, and students alike. Learn the study behind some of the most significant Business Management Case Studies & how an online business degree can help you learn more in this article. 

Table of Contents

1) What is Business Management? 

2) Case Studies in Business Management 

    a) Apple Inc. Innovation 

    b) Tesla’s EV revolution 

    c) Amazon retailer to e-commerce giant 

    d) McDonald’s global expansion 

    e) Netflix’s transformation 

3) Conclusion 

What is Business Management?  

Business Management refers to the set of activities, strategies, and practices employed to oversee and coordinate an organisation's operations, resources, and personnel to achieve specific goals and objectives. It encompasses a wide range of responsibilities to ensure an organisation's efficient and effective functioning across various functional areas. 

Try our Business Case Training Course today and start your career!  

Case Studies in Business Management  

Here are some of the notable case studies in the field of Business Management that have garnered attention due to their complexity, innovative strategies, and significant impact on their respective industries:  

Apple Inc. innovation  

a) Background: Apple Inc. is a global technology giant noted for its innovative products and design-driven approach. In the early 2000s, Apple faced intense competition and declining market share. The company needed to reinvent itself to remain relevant and competitive. 

b) Problem statement: Apple's challenge was revitalising its product line and regaining market leadership while navigating a rapidly changing technological world. 

c) Analysis of the situation: The Case Study dives into Apple's design thinking and customer-centric innovation to develop products that seamlessly blend form and function. The company's focus on user experience, ecosystem integration, and attention to detail set it apart from its competitors. 

d) Proposed solutions: Apple's strategy involved launching breakthrough products like the iPod, iPhone, and iPad that redefined their respective markets. The company also invested heavily in creating a robust ecosystem through iTunes and the App Store. 

e) Chosen strategy: Apple's commitment to user-centred design and innovation became the cornerstone of its success. The strategy encompassed cutting-edge technology, minimalist design, and exceptional user experience. 

f) Implementation process: Apple's implementation involved rigorous research and development, collaboration among various teams, and meticulous attention to detail. The company also established a loyal customer base through iconic product launches and marketing campaigns. 

g) Results and outcomes: Apple's strategy paid off immensely, leading to a resurgence in its market share, revenue, and brand value. The company's products became cultural touchstones, and its ecosystem approach set new standards for the technology industry. 

Tesla’s EV revolution  

a) Background: Tesla, led by Elon Musk, aimed to disrupt the traditional automotive industry by introducing electric vehicles (EVs) that combined sustainability, performance, and cutting-edge technology. 

b) Problem statement: Tesla faced challenges related to the production, scalability, and market acceptance of electric vehicles in an industry dominated by internal combustion engine vehicles. 

c) Analysis of the situation: This Case Study examines Tesla's unique approach, which combines innovation in electric powertrains, battery technology, and software. The company also adopted a direct-to-consumer sales model, bypassing traditional dealership networks. 

d) Proposed solutions: Tesla's solutions included building a network of Supercharger stations, developing advanced autonomous driving technology, and leveraging over-the-air software updates to improve vehicle performance and features. 

e) Chosen strategy: Tesla focused on high-quality engineering, creating a luxury brand image for EVs, and promoting a community of passionate supporters. The company also bet on long-term sustainability and energy innovation beyond just manufacturing cars. 

f) Implementation process: Tesla faced production challenges, supply chain issues, and scepticism from traditional automakers. The company's determination to continuously refine its vehicles and technology resulted in incremental improvements and increased consumer interest. 

g) Results and outcomes: Tesla's innovative approach catapulted it into the forefront of the EV market. The Model S, Model 3, Model X, and Model Y gained popularity for their performance, range, and technology. Tesla's market capitalisation surged, and the company played a significant part in changing the perception of electric vehicles. 

Amazon retailer to e-commerce giant  

a) Background: Amazon started as an online bookstore in the 1990s and quickly expanded its offerings to become the world's largest online retailer. However, its journey was riddled with challenges and risks. 

b) Problem statement: Amazon faced difficulties in achieving profitability due to its aggressive expansion, heavy investments, and price competition. The company needed to find a way to sustain its growth and solidify its position in the e-commerce market. 

c) Analysis of the situation: This Case Study explores Amazon's unique business model, which prioritises customer satisfaction, convenience, and diversification. The company continuously experimented with new ideas, services, and technologies. 

d) Proposed solutions: Amazon's solutions included the introduction of Amazon Prime, the Kindle e-reader, and the development of its third-party seller marketplace. These initiatives aimed to enhance customer loyalty, expand product offerings, and increase revenue streams. 

e) Chosen strategy: Amazon's strategy revolved around long-term thinking, customer obsession, and a willingness to invest heavily in innovation and infrastructure, even at the expense of short-term profits. 

f) Implementation process: Amazon's implementation involved building a vast network of fulfilment centres, investing in advanced technology for logistics and supply chain management, and expanding its services beyond e-commerce into cloud computing (Amazon Web Services) and entertainment (Amazon Prime Video). 

g) Results and outcomes: Amazon's strategy paid off as it transformed from an online bookstore to an e-commerce behemoth. The company not only achieved profitability but also diversified into various sectors, making Jeff Bezos the richest person in the world for a time. 

McDonald’s global expansion  

a) Background: McDonald's is one of the world's largest and most recognisable fast-food chains. The Case Study focuses on the company's global expansion strategy and challenges in adapting to diverse cultural preferences and market conditions. 

b) Problem statement: McDonald's challenge was maintaining its brand identity while tailoring its menu offerings and marketing strategies to suit different countries' preferences and cultural norms. 

c) Analysis: The Case Study analyses McDonald's localisation efforts, menu adaptations, and marketing campaigns in different countries. It explores how the company balances standardisation with customisation to appeal to local tastes. 

d) Solutions and outcomes: McDonald's successfully combines global branding with localized strategies, resulting in sustained growth and customer loyalty in various markets. The Case Study demonstrates the importance of understanding cultural nuances in international business. 

Netflix’s evolution  

a) Background: Netflix started as a DVD rental-by-mail service and became a leading global streaming platform. The Case Study explores Netflix's strategic evolution, content production, and influence on the entertainment industry. 

b) Problem statement: Netflix's challenge was transitioning from a traditional DVD rental business to a digital streaming service while competing with established cable networks and other streaming platforms. 

c) Analysis: The Case Study analyses Netflix's shift to online streaming, its investment in original content production, and its use of data analytics to personalise user experiences and content recommendations. 

d) Solutions and outcomes: Netflix's strategic pivot and focus on content quality and user experience contributed to its dominance in the streaming market. The Case Study illustrates how embracing digital disruption and customer-centric strategies can drive success.  

Conclusion  

These case studies offer valuable insights into different facets of Business Management, including innovation, strategic decision-making, customer-centric approaches, and market disruption. Analysing these cases provides aspiring managers and entrepreneurs with real-world examples of how effective strategies, risk-taking, and adaptability can lead to remarkable success in the dynamic business world. 

Try our Business Analyst Training today for a rewarding career!  

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What is the Case Study Method?

Simply put, the case method is a discussion of real-life situations that business executives have faced.

On average, you'll attend three to four different classes a day, for a total of about six hours of class time (schedules vary). To prepare, you'll work through problems with your peers.

How the Case Method Creates Value

Often, executives are surprised to discover that the objective of the case study is not to reach consensus, but to understand how different people use the same information to arrive at diverse conclusions. When you begin to understand the context, you can appreciate the reasons why those decisions were made. You can prepare for case discussions in several ways.

Case Discussion Preparation Details

In self-reflection.

The time you spend here is deeply introspective. You're not only working with case materials and assignments, but also taking on the role of the case protagonist—the person who's supposed to make those tough decisions. How would you react in those situations? We put people in a variety of contexts, and they start by addressing that specific problem.

In a small group setting

The discussion group is a critical component of the HBS experience. You're working in close quarters with a group of seven or eight very accomplished peers in diverse functions, industries, and geographies. Because they bring unique experience to play you begin to see that there are many different ways to wrestle with a problem—and that’s very enriching.

In the classroom

The faculty guides you in examining and resolving the issues—but the beauty here is that they don't provide you with the answers. You're interacting in the classroom with other executives—debating the issue, presenting new viewpoints, countering positions, and building on one another's ideas. And that leads to the next stage of learning.

Beyond the classroom

Once you leave the classroom, the learning continues and amplifies as you get to know people in different settings—over meals, at social gatherings, in the fitness center, or as you are walking to class. You begin to distill the takeaways that you want to bring back and apply in your organization to ensure that the decisions you make will create more value for your firm.

How Cases Unfold In the Classroom

Pioneered by HBS faculty, the case method puts you in the role of the chief decision maker as you explore the challenges facing leading companies across the globe. Learning to think fast on your feet with limited information sharpens your analytical skills and empowers you to make critical decisions in real time.

To get the most out of each case, it's important to read and reflect, and then meet with your discussion group to share your insights. You and your peers will explore the underlying issues, compare alternatives, and suggest various ways of resolving the problem.

How to Prepare for Case Discussions

There's more than one way to prepare for a case discussion, but these general guidelines can help you develop a method that works for you.

Preparation Guidelines

Read the professor's assignment or discussion questions.

The assignment and discussion questions help you focus on the key aspects of the case. Ask yourself: What are the most important issues being raised?

Read the first few paragraphs and then skim the case

Each case begins with a text description followed by exhibits. Ask yourself: What is the case generally about, and what information do I need to analyze?

Reread the case, underline text, and make margin notes

Put yourself in the shoes of the case protagonist, and own that person's problems. Ask yourself: What basic problem is this executive trying to resolve?

Note the key problems on a pad of paper and go through the case again

Sort out relevant considerations and do the quantitative or qualitative analysis. Ask yourself: What recommendations should I make based on my case data analysis?

Case Study Best Practices

The key to being an active listener and participant in case discussions—and to getting the most out of the learning experience—is thorough individual preparation.

We've set aside formal time for you to discuss the case with your group. These sessions will help you to become more confident about sharing your views in the classroom discussion.

Participate

Actively express your views and challenge others. Don't be afraid to share related "war stories" that will heighten the relevance and enrich the discussion.

If the content doesn't seem to relate to your business, don't tune out. You can learn a lot about marketing insurance from a case on marketing razor blades!

Actively apply what you're learning to your own specific management situations, both past and future. This will magnify the relevance to your business.

People with diverse backgrounds, experiences, skills, and styles will take away different things. Be sure to note what resonates with you, not your peers.

Being exposed to so many different approaches to a given situation will put you in a better position to enhance your management style.

Frequently Asked Questions

What can i expect on the first day, what happens in class if nobody talks, does everyone take part in "role-playing".

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Top 40 Most Popular Case Studies of 2021

Two cases about Hertz claimed top spots in 2021's Top 40 Most Popular Case Studies

Two cases on the uses of debt and equity at Hertz claimed top spots in the CRDT’s (Case Research and Development Team) 2021 top 40 review of cases.

Hertz (A) took the top spot. The case details the financial structure of the rental car company through the end of 2019. Hertz (B), which ranked third in CRDT’s list, describes the company’s struggles during the early part of the COVID pandemic and its eventual need to enter Chapter 11 bankruptcy. 

The success of the Hertz cases was unprecedented for the top 40 list. Usually, cases take a number of years to gain popularity, but the Hertz cases claimed top spots in their first year of release. Hertz (A) also became the first ‘cooked’ case to top the annual review, as all of the other winners had been web-based ‘raw’ cases.

Besides introducing students to the complicated financing required to maintain an enormous fleet of cars, the Hertz cases also expanded the diversity of case protagonists. Kathyrn Marinello was the CEO of Hertz during this period and the CFO, Jamere Jackson is black.

Sandwiched between the two Hertz cases, Coffee 2016, a perennial best seller, finished second. “Glory, Glory, Man United!” a case about an English football team’s IPO made a surprise move to number four.  Cases on search fund boards, the future of malls,  Norway’s Sovereign Wealth fund, Prodigy Finance, the Mayo Clinic, and Cadbury rounded out the top ten.

Other year-end data for 2021 showed:

• Online “raw” case usage remained steady as compared to 2020 with over 35K users from 170 countries and all 50 U.S. states interacting with 196 cases.
• Fifty four percent of raw case users came from outside the U.S..
• The Yale School of Management (SOM) case study directory pages received over 160K page views from 177 countries with approximately a third originating in India followed by the U.S. and the Philippines.
• Twenty-six of the cases in the list are raw cases.
• A third of the cases feature a woman protagonist.
• Orders for Yale SOM case studies increased by almost 50% compared to 2020.
• The top 40 cases were supervised by 19 different Yale SOM faculty members, several supervising multiple cases.

CRDT compiled the Top 40 list by combining data from its case store, Google Analytics, and other measures of interest and adoption.

All of this year’s Top 40 cases are available for purchase from the Yale Management Media store .

And the Top 40 cases studies of 2021 are:

1.   Hertz Global Holdings (A): Uses of Debt and Equity

2.   Coffee 2016

3.   Hertz Global Holdings (B): Uses of Debt and Equity 2020

4.   Glory, Glory Man United!

5.   Search Fund Company Boards: How CEOs Can Build Boards to Help Them Thrive

6.   The Future of Malls: Was Decline Inevitable?

7.   Strategy for Norway's Pension Fund Global

8.   Prodigy Finance

9.   Design at Mayo

10. Cadbury

11. City Hospital Emergency Room

13. Volkswagen

14. Marina Bay Sands

15. Shake Shack IPO

16. Mastercard

17. Netflix

18. Ant Financial

19. AXA: Creating the New CR Metrics

20. IBM Corporate Service Corps

21. Business Leadership in South Africa's 1994 Reforms

22. Alternative Meat Industry

23. Children's Premier

24. Khalil Tawil and Umi (A)

25. Palm Oil 2016

26. Teach For All: Designing a Global Network

27. What's Next? Search Fund Entrepreneurs Reflect on Life After Exit

28. Searching for a Search Fund Structure: A Student Takes a Tour of Various Options

30. Project Sammaan

31. Commonfund ESG

32. Polaroid

33. Connecticut Green Bank 2018: After the Raid

34. FieldFresh Foods

35. The Alibaba Group

36. 360 State Street: Real Options

37. Herman Miller

38. AgBiome

39. Nathan Cummings Foundation

40. Toyota 2010

Here are the top 13 case studies every MBA student should know

• MBA students should expect to read case studies, or real-world examples of why businesses succeed or fail. 
• The case-reading practice in business school was originally pioneered at Harvard, where the MBA curriculum requires students to read up to 500 cases during their two-year program.
• Other business schools eventually adopted the Harvard case method, preparing students for future leadership challenges. 
• Business Insider has compiled a list of the most influential cases recommended by business school professors. 
• One of the cases include how Apple's name change in 2007 allowed the company to redirect its focus from solely Macintosh computers to the iPod, iPhone, Apple Watch, and streaming services. Today, computer sales only account for a tenth of the company's $1 trillion market capitalization . 
• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories .

If you attend business school , you can expect to read a lot of case studies. Professors love them because they offer real-world examples of why businesses succeed and fail. 

The case method teaching practice was originally pioneered at Harvard Business School (HBS), where the MBA curriculum requires that students read up to 500 cases during their two-year program. The Harvard case method soon spread across business schools as professors sought to prepare their students with leadership and decision-making challenges in the workplace.

There are some classic cases that every business student should know — like why Apple changed its name.

Business Insider has compiled the most influential cases here, with recommendations from business school professors across the nation and abroad.

Max Nisen contributed to an earlier version of this post. 

Why Apple changed its name

Case: Apple Inc., 2008

Key takeaway: Sometimes you can't take a rival head on.

What happened? Three decades after its founding, Apple Computers changed its name and became Apple Inc. in 2007. That reflected the company's shifted focus from its iconic Mac computers toward other digital products like the iPod, iPhone, Apple Watch, and media streaming services. Apple's widened niche led to skyrocketing sales and spiked share prices, putting the Cupertino company on a trajectory to become the first US publicly traded company with a $1 trillion market capitalization in 2018, Business Insider reported . Now, the Macintosh computer only accounts for a tenth of the company's business. Rather than beating rival Windows for more shares in the computer market, Apple reinvented itself and redefined the realm of digital devices. 

Thanks to Dr. Aaron Chatterji , Professor at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business, for his suggestions.  

How Lululemon kept its cult

Case: Leadership, Culture, and Transition at lululemon

Key takeaway: Figure out how to bring the founders into a strategy rather than alienating them. 

What happened?  On December 11, Lululemon announced its third-quarter fiscal results . Between August to November, the retail company generated $33 million, increasing its net revenue to $916 million in 2019. Much of the 21-year-old brand's transformation is credited to former CEO Christine Day , who leveraged her experience in expanding the Starbucks brand worldwide to align with Lululemon's model. 

Day replaced founder Dennis "Chip" Wilson in 2008, and she stepped into her role facing many problems: Outperforming stores, hefty investments in low-demand locations, and poor workflow between teams. 

She convinced the founders to attend management programs at Harvard and Stanford so they could better understand how the company must change. Day nearly tripled her team from having 2,683 employees in 2008 to 6,383 in 2013, all while she redesigned the company's structure, according to Pitchbook data . In five years time, she turned Lululemon into an athleisure powerhouse. 

Day stepped down as CEO in 2013 after a series of quality control issues with the clothing, Business Insider reported . She is now the chief executive at Luvo , a frozen food company. 

Thanks to Dr. Jennifer Chatman , the Paul J. Cortese Distinguished Professor of Management  at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business, for her suggestions.

How Cisco bounced back

Case: Cisco Systems: Developing A Human Capital Strategy

Key takeaway: Invest in developing leaders in your team

What happened? Cisco is one of the most acquisitive companies in tech. It buys about 10 companies a year, including a $2.6 billion acquisition of Acacia and $380 million purchase of chip company Leaba in 2019, Business Insider reported . 

During the Dot Com Bubble in the 1990s, Cisco's first priority was to scale, bringing in up to 1,000 new employees each month by buying smaller firms. Between 1991 and 2011, Cisco bought more than 140 companies, Business Insider reported . 

But scaling a startup is much more than just increasing headcount. When the Dot Com Bubble burst, then-CEO John T. Chambers realized he had to redirect his focus by developing leaders within the team and build on his company rather than buying more teams through acquisitions.

The company introduced "Cisco University," a training program to promote a versatile workforce. Within three years, the company was listed as one of the top companies where employees are most likely to become leaders. Today, Cisco has a learning network that offers various kinds of classes, certifications, and webinar programs around the world. 

Thanks to Dr. Jennifer Chatman , the Paul J. Cortese Distinguished Professor of Management at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business, for her suggestions.

How USA Today reinvented itself

Case: USA Today: Pursuing The Network Strategy

Key takeaway: Sometimes the old guard can't handle a new reality.

What happened? Like many print publications in the early 2000s, USA Today was facing falling circulation of its business amid the rise of digital news. Tom Curley, the company's CEO at the time, saw the need to better integrate his company with internet and broadcasting platforms. His management team and staff were resistant, claiming insurmountable divides in culture and work style. Curley made the case that it was essential for the future of the business, and eventually replaced five of seven senior managers as part of the change. Nevertheless, this case emphasizes that what the company needed at the time wasn't a complete staff change: It needed a new business strategy and more integration as the company was transitioning into its electronic version. 

As of 2018, USA Today sites have nearly 97.4 million unique visitors and 1.2 billion page views, according to the company's website . It has become an award-winning digital news platform. 

Thanks to Dr. Jennifer Chatman , the Paul J. Cortese Distinguished Professor of Management at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business, for her suggestions. 

How Dreyer's survived a disaster

Case: Dreyer's Grand Ice Cream

Key takeaway: Don't try to spin bad news or mislead workers.

What happened? Before rising to become one of the most popular ice cream brands in the US, Dreyer's had to overcome a company restructure.

In the late 1990s, Ben & Jerry's signed a distribution agreement with Häagen-Dazs and ended its partnership with Dreyer's, The Wall Street Journal reported . Despite still having contracts with Healthy Choice and Nestlé, Dreyer's was dealing with a variety of problems including high input prices and collapsing sales of a low-fat product line.

The company's executives flew all over the country and met with every employee to discuss the restructuring plan. They wanted to preserve the company's culture of openness and accountability. Dreyer's continued to invest in leadership programs, and the company was able to bounce back within a couple of years through consistency and effective communication with its workers. 

Dreyer's continued to experience fluctuating sales in the 2000s, which led the company to merge with Nestlé through a $2.4 billion deal in 2002, The New York Times reported .  

How ethical decisions are different abroad

Case: Merck Sharp & Dohme Argentina, Inc.

Key takeaway: Staying committed to the ethical precepts

What happened? 2019 was a good year for US drug giant Merck & Co. Since it debuted the cancer drug Keytruda, the company's stocks has jumped almost 40% in the past year, giving it a market value of nearly $220 billion, Business Insider reported. 

One way to ensure Merck's increasing sales is if it was on the government's healthcare roster, and when managing director Antonio Mosquera joined the company's Argentine subsidiary, he was faced with an ethical dilemma.

Mosquera was tasked with transforming Merck into a more modern and professional business organization. During the selection process of a highly competitive internship, he had to choose between two candidates, one of whom was the son of a high ranking official in the Argentine healthcare system. 

It was implied that hiring the student would ensure that Merck's drugs would be included on the government's list, which would increase sales. It was a conflict between Mosquera's desire to reform, and the realities of doing business in a changing country.

Mosquera ended up picking the student who wasn't of high government prestige. 

Thanks to Dr. Timothy Vogus , Brownlee O. Currey Jr. Professor of Management at Vanderbilt's Owen School of Management, for his suggestions. 

Why Cirque du Soleil moved outside its comfort zone

Case: Cirque du Soleil - The High-Wire Act Of Building Sustainable Partnerships  

Key takeaway: Sometimes you have to move past an old partnership in order to grow.

What happened? Cirque du Soleil had a mutually beneficial and very profitable partnership with the MGM Mirage casinos. The casino made capital investments in theaters for the company's unique shows, and the shows brought in high-spending clients. Faced with opportunities in Asia and the Middle East, CEO Daniel Lamarre had to figure out how to create different partnerships.  

Thanks to Dr. Aaron Chatterji , Professor at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business for his suggestions. 

Why Airborne Express lost the delivery race

Case: Airborne Express

Key takeaway: Specialization can compete with economies of scale, but only up to a certain point. 

What happened? Airborne Express, a smaller mailing competitor to giants like FedEx and UPS, managed to significantly grow revenues despite its size. Part of that came on the heels of a strike at UPS, and the company took advantage of that. Airborne found a way to specialize in order to stay in the market along with big corporations like FedEx and UPS. 

They targeted high volume business customers, shipped primarily to large metropolitan areas, aggressively cut costs, and adopted new technology after FedEx and UPS. Ultimately, that strategy wasn't sustainable, and the company was acquired by DHL in 2003. 

Thanks to Dr. Gautam Ahuja , Professor of Management and Organizations at Cornell University's Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, for his suggestions.

Why Nucor Steel took a company-sized gamble

Case: Nucor at a Crossroads  

Key takeaway: Operations expertise has limits; new investment determines its scale. 

What happened? In 1986, Nucor's CEO Kenneth Iverson had to make a critical decision on whether or not to adopt a new steel casting technology that would allow the company to gain significant first-mover advantage and reduce costs in the long run. However, the company would have to make a huge investment, and technology back then was unproven.

In 1989, Nucor followed through with its ambition to build the world's first steel-making mill in Indiana. The company remains an industry giant, announcing a $250 million micromill set to be the first steel plant to run on wind energy in the US, CNBC reported . 

Thanks to Dr. Aaron Chatterji , Professor at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business for his suggestions.

How bad communication nearly ruined a manager

Case: Erik Peterson (A)

Key takeaway: The importance of being proactive in defining one's role and engaging in managing up to get the support you need

What happened? The case follows a recent MBA graduate who became the general manager at a subsidiary of a large cell phone company in the late '80s. Erik Peterson's group was in the process of building up to offer cell phone service in parts of New Hampshire and Vermont. The project was behind schedule, and Peterson had offered a plan to meet a revised target reviewed by headquarters.

Peterson had trouble with his immediate superior. He did not know who he had to report to, which created problems on both ends while he was attempting to complete a significant reorganization and had problems with his chief engineer. Because of the lack of support, Peterson had to go it alone in many ways.

Eventually, the company was restructured and Peterson's role became more clear.

Thanks to Dr. Timothy Vogus , Brownlee O. Currey Jr. Professor of Management at Vanderbilt's Owen School of Management for his suggestions. 

When a West Point coach learned how to build a team

Case: Army Crew Team

Key takeaway: There are many different factors to consider when putting together a team. 

What happened?: Colonel Stas Preczewski, the coach of the Army Crew Team for the US Military Academy at West Point, was managing two teams of junior and varsity rowers. He previously picked teams solely based on physical endurance and individual performance. Though the strongest players were all in varsity, the junior team was consistently beating varsity in races throughout an entire season. 

Preczewski eventually realized that the varsity team wasn't winning races because the players didn't know how to work well together. Despite being the strongest rowers, the team neglected a key element of the sport — rowing takes teamwork and a great amount of collaboration.  

Thanks to Dr. Emily Michelle David , assistant professor of management at China Europe International Business School for her suggestions for Harvard Business Publishing Education. 

When a Warren Buffet made his biggest deal

Case: Warren E Buffett, 2015

Key takeaway: The art of investing 

What happened?: In 2015, Berkshire Hathaway's chairman and CEO Warren Buffett made a $37 billion acquisition of Precision Castparts Corporation (PCP), an aerospace-parts supplier company. This case is often viewed as an introductory course for business students to understand finance and capital markets. It also examines Buffett's approach to successful investing, as well as his strategy behind building sustainable growth for the company. 

Thanks to Dr. Robert F. Bruner , professor of business administration at Darden School of Business at University of Virginia, for his suggestions for Harvard Business Publishing Education. 

When a major manufacturing company kept costs low – and took care of its employees

Case: Lincoln Electric Co., 1975

Key takeaway:  Businesses can offer value to customers while treating workers and shareholders generously.  

What happened?:  This case study covers the unique business strategy of Lincoln Electric, one of the biggest manufacturing and welding companies in the world. The company built its products at a lower cost than its competitors, but also rewarded employees well with high bonuses and job security. 

Though the case study is from several decades ago, it offers a glimpse into how a company's organizational strategy can lead to strategic success. 

Thanks to Karen Schnarr, assistant professor at Wilfrid Laurier University, for her suggestion for Harvard Business Publishing Education.

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Here are the top 10 case studies every MBA student should know

Weng cheong,max nisen   .

REUTERS / Brian Snyder

Business schools adopted the Harvard case method.

• MBA students should expect to read case studies, or real-world examples of why businesses succeed or fail.
• The case-reading practice in business schools was originally pioneered at Harvard, where the MBA curriculum requires students to read up to 500 cases during their two-year program. Other business schools eventually adopted the Harvard case method, preparing students for future leadership challenges.
• Business Insider has compiled a list of the most influential cases recommended by business school professors.
• One of the cases include how Apple's name change in 2007 allowed the company to redirect its focus from solely Macintosh computers to the iPod, iPhone, Apple Watch, and streaming services. Today, computer sales only account for a tenth of the company's $1 trillion market capitalization, Business Insider reported .
• Click here for more BI Prime stories.

If you attend business school , you can expect to read a lot of case studies. Professors love them because they offer real-world examples of why businesses succeed and fail.

The case method teaching practice was originally pioneered at Harvard Business School (HBS), where the MBA curriculum requires that students read up to 500 cases during their two-year program. The Harvard case method soon spread across business schools as professors sought to prepare their students with leadership and decision-making challenges in the workplace.

There are some classic cases that every business student should know - like why Apple changed its name and how Ryanair beat two industry giants.

Business Insider has compiled the most influential cases here, with recommendations from business school professors across the nation and abroad.

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Why a Doctorate in Business Administration Is Becoming More Valuable

Sponsor content from upGrad.

At the turn of the 20th century, the world was industrializing at a rapid pace. Businesses were growing larger and more complex, with more employees working in more diversified divisions spread across more geographical boundaries.

As a result, demand grew for people who had special training in managing the general operations of a business, which led to the creation and proliferation of the Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree.

More than 100 years later, MBAs have become a commodity that no longer serve organizations’ core needs.

In today’s age of data and information, knowledge has become the most valuable resource. Companies don’t necessarily need more general managers who can assess broad patterns across multiple industries—they need people with deep expertise in specific domains who can analyze data and generate unique insights that lead to better business decisions.

That’s why Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA) holders are becoming increasingly valuable in the modern workplace.

DBA is a professional degree representing the highest level of qualification in management. In contrast to an MBA, it takes students on a different path toward acquiring and using business knowledge.

For an MBA, students spend two years taking a broad range of practical courses to learn about several pillars of business—such as accounting, finance, marketing, leadership, operations, strategy, and ethics—to help them become effective leaders across many industries.

By contrast, DBAs spend up to two years studying academic literature across several domains and up to two additional years designing and executing an original research project: a dissertation focused on one domain. The primary goal of a DBA is to produce scholarly individuals who have deep expertise in a field of management.

When seeking executive-level positions, DBAs’ “Dr.” titles are likely to help them stand out from their peers. DBAs can also pursue high-level positions in areas such as consulting by becoming subject-matter experts—or maintain ties with academia as full-time or adjunct professors.

DBAs’ training gives them diverse career options. The academic literature they read gives them expertise in understanding management theories that can help them analyze real-world situations and differentiate the signal from the noise. A DBA specializing in innovation can assess whether newcomers to a market pose a credible threat as a disruptive innovation to an existing company.

Students then learn advanced scientific techniques in quantitative and/or qualitative methodologies, which trains them in analyzing data to generate valid inferences that their organizations can use for decision-making purposes. Rather than relying on gut feel and graphs, DBAs can use powerful techniques such as sampling data to reduce bias, using statistical regressions to identify the strongest factors that influence an outcome, or designing an experiment to gain 100% certainty over the causal relationship between variables.

Finally, DBAs combine their business knowledge with analytical skills to design and execute original research studies, making them the world’s leading experts in particular domains.

DBAs also stand out because they represent only 2% of all people who hold higher degrees in business. In 2021, more than 250,000 students graduated with MBAs or specialist degrees in business; only 5,000 graduated with doctorates.

While a DBA may represent an attractive option that can be highly valuable to organizations today, they are not necessarily recommended for everyone.

To help you determine whether a DBA is right for you, the most important question to ask yourself centers on whether you’re satisfied with the tools and frameworks you use to analyze data and information to make important business decisions. If you’ve ever found yourself wondering where these frameworks come from—or whether there might be a better way to make decisions—consider applying to a DBA program. These programs are designed to channel deep intellectual interests and passions toward producing business knowledge that’s both theoretically novel and practically relevant.

DBA training may help you develop deeper knowledge than an MBA program will while opening doors to more ambitious careers in industry or academia. While MBA degrees are designed to meet the needs of 20th-century businesses, DBAs can help meet the needs of organizations today—and well into the future.

Learn more about how earning a DBA can help you step up your career.

Table of Contents

How to write a business case study , business case studies: examples, why case studies are important to business analysts, best business case studies to understand modern management techniques.

A case study is, broadly speaking , an “intensive, systematic investigation of a single individual, group, community, or some other unit” that’s used across numerous fields and subjects. 

Specifically, business case studies examine a challenge or situation involving a single player, which can be an individual or organization. Though the purpose may shift depending on the specific audience (such as customers, business students, decision-makers), they ascribe an analytical framework to a business-related situation, whether past or ongoing. 

Most importantly, business case studies are compelling and insightful narratives. They convey a firsthand account of real-world problem solving, whether successful or not, with implications for modern management. Regardless of the purpose, case studies are a crucial medium for communicating a business analysts’ skills to colleagues, potential employers, clients, and others.   

Step 1: Gather the Facts 

Effective business case studies convey information in a direct, structured manner. Before diving into writing, gather the main facts, data, and resources. 

Consider the “Who-What-When-Where-Why” of the situation you wish to illustrate. Business case studies should focus on a narrow problem and outcome (or potential outcomes) for one player, contextualized effectively.

Step 2: Outline 

After compiling information, the next step is to outline your case study. Planning will ensure that you’re prioritizing the most important details throughout the writing process. There’s no single formula, but the following structure by Express Writers can get you started: 

• Challenge: What was the complication, obstacle, or problem that needed to be solved? Offer context from within the company and, if appropriate, broader trends in modern management.
• Solution: What solutions did you explore? How did you choose your approach? Consider incorporating an effective business analysis technique to build a case.   
• Outcome: What were the results and what effect did they have? Use data to support what you claim the situation to be.

Step 3: Write the Case Study

As you write, consider three elements for each section: details, purpose, and style. Details are selected so that the reader has clear, concise information without feeling burdened. Facts are structurally introduced and explained so that readers can follow a clear timeline. 

Ensure that you’re writing purposefully through each section. All information should be included for a reason as fluff is an immediate red flag that can be considered unprofessional and distracting. Moreover, write with the audience in mind: Are you convincing leaders to make a certain decision, or are you persuading clients that your company has a proven track-record? The purpose will inform the work’s style and tone. Stylistic elements include writing in first or third person, emphasizing keywords and certain action verbs, and wielding persuasive material (such as quotes and graphics).

Step 4: Format, Proof, and Publish

The final phase is to format your case study. Consider the readability of your document. Break up blocks of text with quotes that crystallize compelling points (e.g., “The business saw a 90% reduction in waste.”). 

Ensure that titles, headings, sub-headings, and body text are distinct in size, color, and font without being distracting. The final look should be clean and professional. If your company has a communications team, you can inquire about in-house branding guidelines. 

Proofread your work multiple times before you publish or share business case studies. Copyediting errors are the quickest way to lose the readers’ trust. Ask an outside editor, writer, or colleague to proofread your work.

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Reading business case studies as you plan and write your own will mold your writing for the better. Leaders in modern management offer models for engaged, effective writing. 

One popular case study published by the Yale School of Management is Coffee 2016 . The report skillfully narrates the complexities of coffee’s global supply chain through the struggles of Andrea Illy, a CEO of the premium coffee company named after his family. The study is an excellent example of highlighting broader industry challenges while staying focused on the decision-making of a single individual or company. 

Another example of foregrounding a key player comes from MIT Sloan School of Management, titled Turnaround and Transformation: Leadership and Risk at Boston’s Institute of Contemporary Arts . The authors show how Jillian Medvedow, a newly-hired director of the art institution, “was able to rebuild (literally and figuratively) a powerless organization.” The case study is powerful because it contextualizes the organization’s history in the Boston area while tracing her unique leadership.

Other studies focus on high-stakes decisions and their results, such as Netflix Goes to Bollywood , another piece by MIT. The authors analyze Netflix’s risks and strategy as it entered the Indian market. The study focuses on corporate culture and financial decision-making, relying on data and examples from Netflix.

Some famous business case studies document a company’s failures and theorize what could have been done differently, such as “The Rise and Fall of Nokia.” Once a leader in telecommunications, Nokia sold its Device and Services business to Microsoft. The research focuses on Nokia’s missteps and imagines what the company could have done differently, thus demonstrating how case studies can also theorize alternative outcomes.

Lastly, another classic case focuses on how Starbucks undermined its own brand value through rapid, superficial growth. Professor John Quelch’s piece offers a model for concise, self-assured writing that communicates business analysis with confidence. 

Mastering case studies is crucial for business analysts , as their job description is to improve a company’s efficiency and performance by applying their analytical skills to company problems. Business analysts are researchers, problem-solvers, and architects of better management systems, all of which are aimed at improving a company’s bottom line.

In modern management, case studies are a relevant and powerful tool for demonstrating best practices and creating buy-in for new strategies. Business case studies, whether they highlight company successes or ongoing issues, are communicative tools for analysts to influence an organization’s decision-making processes, as well as demonstrate their value and competence.

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• 09 Sep 2024

McDonald’s and the Post #MeToo Rules of Sex In the Workplace

As #MeToo cast a spotlight on harassment in the workplace, former McDonald's CEO Stephen Easterbrook went from savior to pariah. Drawing from a series of case studies, Lynn Paine outlines seven lessons all corporate boards can take away from the scandal to improve culture and prevent abuse of power.

• 15 Aug 2024

Post-CrowdStrike, Six Questions to Test Your Company's Operational Resilience

Companies unprepared for disasters risk not only their competitive advantage but their very existence. Hise Gibson and Anita Lynch break down what a company needs to build its operational resilience, starting with its people, processes, and technology.

• 13 Aug 2024
• Research & Ideas

Why Companies Shouldn't Delay Software Updates—Even After CrowdStrike's Flaw

The CrowdStrike outage created a new sense of urgency for companies to protect their tech systems. A study by Shane Greenstein and colleagues illustrates just how many companies are vulnerable to cyberattacks and other threats simply because they put off updating their software.

• 23 Jul 2024
• Cold Call Podcast

Transforming the Workplace for People with Disabilities

In 2019, Nadine Vogel, founder and CEO of Springboard Consulting, needed to decide the best path forward to grow her small consulting firm. Springboard works with Fortune 500 companies on issues related to disability and the workforce. Should Vogel expand the topics she works on with her current clients, or should she explore the possibility of moving into a new market of smaller businesses? Vogel joins Harvard Business School professor Lakshmi Ramarajan and Harvard Kennedy School professor Hannah Riley Bowles to discuss her experience starting and scaling her firm, while also being a caregiver to two children with disabilities, in the case, “Nadine Vogel: Transforming the Marketplace, Workplace, and Workforce for People with Disabilities.”

• 16 Jul 2024

Corporate Boards Are Failing in Their No. 1 Duty

General Electric, Wells Fargo, and Boeing all chose the wrong CEOs for the job, says Bill George, creating big problems for the companies. George outlines five common mistakes boards of directors make when selecting leaders and provides advice for picking the appropriate person for this all-important role.

• 09 Jul 2024

Are Management Consulting Firms Failing to Manage Themselves?

In response to unprecedented client demand a few years ago, consulting firms went on a growth-driven hiring spree, but now many of these firms are cutting back staff. David Fubini questions whether strategy firms, which are considered experts at solving a variety of problems for clients, are struggling to apply their own management principles internally to address their current challenges.

• 08 Jul 2024

The Critical Computer Science Principles Every Strategic Leader Needs to Know

Technology is such an integral part of so many industries now that business executives can't afford to leave all the digital know-how to their tech teams. Andy Wu explains the five essential principles of computer science that all leaders need to grasp to gain an edge.

• 25 Jun 2024

Rapport: The Hidden Advantage That Women Managers Bring to Teams

Lack of communication between managers and their employees can hurt productivity and even undermine the customer experience. Female managers are more adept at building rapport among mixed-gender teams, which can improve an organization’s performance, says research by Jorge Tamayo.

• 18 Jun 2024

How Natural Winemaker Frank Cornelissen Innovated While Staying True to His Brand

In 2018, artisanal Italian vineyard Frank Cornelissen was one of the world’s leading producers of natural wine. But when weather-related conditions damaged that year’s grapes, founder Frank Cornelissen had to decide between staying true to the tenets of natural wine making or breaking with his public beliefs to save that year’s grapes by adding sulfites. Harvard Business School assistant professor Tiona Zuzul discusses the importance of staying true to your company’s principles while remaining flexible enough to welcome progress in the case, Frank Cornelissen: The Great Sulfite Debate.

• 04 Jun 2024

Navigating Consumer Data Privacy in an AI World

Consumers expect companies to do everything they can to protect their personal data, but breaches continue to happen at an alarming rate. Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei Huang say companies must take bold steps to proactively manage customers’ sensitive data if they want to earn trust and remain competitive.

• 07 May 2024

Lessons in Business Innovation from Legendary Restaurant elBulli

Ferran Adrià, chef at legendary Barcelona-based restaurant elBulli, was facing two related decisions. First, he and his team must continue to develop new and different dishes for elBulli to guarantee a continuous stream of innovation, the cornerstone of the restaurant's success. But they also need to focus on growing the restaurant’s business. Can the team balance both objectives? Professor Michael I. Norton discusses the connections between creativity, emotions, rituals, and innovation – and how they can be applied to other domains – in the case, “elBulli: The Taste of Innovation,” and his new book, The Ritual Effect.

• 26 Apr 2024

Deion Sanders' Prime Lessons for Leading a Team to Victory

The former star athlete known for flash uses unglamorous command-and-control methods to get results as a college football coach. Business leaders can learn 10 key lessons from the way 'Coach Prime' builds a culture of respect and discipline without micromanaging, says Hise Gibson.

• 02 Apr 2024
• What Do You Think?

What's Enough to Make Us Happy?

Experts say happiness is often derived by a combination of good health, financial wellbeing, and solid relationships with family and friends. But are we forgetting to take stock of whether we have enough of these things? asks James Heskett. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

Employees Out Sick? Inside One Company's Creative Approach to Staying Productive

Regular absenteeism can hobble output and even bring down a business. But fostering a collaborative culture that brings managers together can help companies weather surges of sick days and no-shows. Research by Jorge Tamayo shows how.

• 12 Mar 2024

Publish or Perish: What the Research Says About Productivity in Academia

Universities tend to evaluate professors based on their research output, but does that measure reflect the realities of higher ed? A study of 4,300 professors by Kyle Myers, Karim Lakhani, and colleagues probes the time demands, risk appetite, and compensation of faculty.

• 29 Feb 2024

Beyond Goals: David Beckham's Playbook for Mobilizing Star Talent

Reach soccer's pinnacle. Become a global brand. Buy a team. Sign Lionel Messi. David Beckham makes success look as easy as his epic free kicks. But leveraging world-class talent takes discipline and deft decision-making, as case studies by Anita Elberse reveal. What could other businesses learn from his ascent?

• 16 Feb 2024

Is Your Workplace Biased Against Introverts?

Extroverts are more likely to express their passion outwardly, giving them a leg up when it comes to raises and promotions, according to research by Jon Jachimowicz. Introverts are just as motivated and excited about their work, but show it differently. How can managers challenge their assumptions?

• 05 Feb 2024

The Middle Manager of the Future: More Coaching, Less Commanding

Skilled middle managers foster collaboration, inspire employees, and link important functions at companies. An analysis of more than 35 million job postings by Letian Zhang paints a counterintuitive picture of today's midlevel manager. Could these roles provide an innovation edge?

• 24 Jan 2024

Why Boeing’s Problems with the 737 MAX Began More Than 25 Years Ago

Aggressive cost cutting and rocky leadership changes have eroded the culture at Boeing, a company once admired for its engineering rigor, says Bill George. What will it take to repair the reputational damage wrought by years of crises involving its 737 MAX?

• 16 Jan 2024

How SolarWinds Responded to the 2020 SUNBURST Cyberattack

In December of 2020, SolarWinds learned that they had fallen victim to hackers. Unknown actors had inserted malware called SUNBURST into a software update, potentially granting hackers access to thousands of its customers’ data, including government agencies across the globe and the US military. General Counsel Jason Bliss needed to orchestrate the company’s response without knowing how many of its 300,000 customers had been affected, or how severely. What’s more, the existing CEO was scheduled to step down and incoming CEO Sudhakar Ramakrishna had yet to come on board. Bliss needed to immediately communicate the company’s action plan with customers and the media. In this episode of Cold Call, Professor Frank Nagle discusses SolarWinds’ response to this supply chain attack in the case, “SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST.”

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• 10 Aug 2016

3 Benefits of the Case Method

I was trained as an engineer. I followed a path of fairly conventional academic coursework mostly consisting of lectures, problem sets, and exams. Problems generally had only one correct answer, and the method for finding the solution usually involved some amount of calculation. 

Because of the emphasis on the case method approach , I knew from the outset that HBS would be very different, and I was not sure if it would suit me. As I wrapped up my time at business school, I considered how the once foreign case method influenced my experience. Upon reflection, I can comfortably say that it was among the primary reasons that HBS was such a transformative two years for me.

This style of learning has numerous benefits, but I particularly appreciated these three aspects.

1. The distinctive academic rhythm made the learning more meaningful

Each class session requires preparation in the form of reading the case and considering the questions that it poses. In the classroom, the discussion allows for each issue to be fully explored, and conversations frequently continue in an informal manner after class.

Because I learned from each case as the semester progressed, there was no need to cram at the end of the term. I was undoubtedly consumed throughout the academic year, but this steady pace of learning induced less stress over final exams, felt more gratifying, and ultimately bestowed more permanence to what I learned. Nowadays when I consider a problem, it is amazing how readily an analogous case I studied comes to mind, and how helpful it is to consider the lessons I learned from it.

2. I had the privilege of learning from my classmates

The case method depends on in-class participation. Each class session is fundamentally a debate centered on a decision point in the case. Through exploring various options, students effectively teach each other the merits and downsides of each course of action.

My classmates offered perspectives from an incredible diversity of cultural, functional, and industry backgrounds in a way that a single professor alone could not. For each class session, we as a class could make the discussion our own and decide which aspects of the case to examine; there was no script in the classroom.

I was always fascinated when I would talk to friends in other sections and hear that their discussion of the same case had taken a very different trajectory. Furthermore, the in-class experience helped me learn more about my classmates as individuals, uncovering shared interests and strengthening friendships. The people with whom I shared the HBS experience are among the most intelligent, talented, and engaged I have ever known, and I am so honored to have had the opportunity to learn from them.

3. I learned to take a position and express my thoughts in a convincing manner

Every student is expected to contribute his or her views on the case questions. All present have read the case, so comments must be insightful if they are to benefit the discussion. Since time is limited, comments cannot be long and meandering, and students have to track the fast-paced conversation, as they might be called upon to contribute at any time.

Although intimidating at first, practicing the skill of making impactful, succinct, and timely comments is highly rewarding. I can easily recall the anxiety I felt early in my time at HBS when I took a contradictory viewpoint in Finance and had to explain it in front of 90+ intelligent and engaged classmates. 

As my MBA drew to a close, quickly crafting an argument then presenting it in front of the class felt natural and was something I looked forward to. Most importantly, however, I am confident that the communication skills I honed in class will serve me well wherever my career takes me.

Discovering a new way to explore a problem and consider possible solutions was rewarding in a way that I could not have anticipated. The case method might not be for everyone, but for me, it transformed the way I fundamentally think about learning, and I will always carry that with me.

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GdS: Emerson Royal embarks on ‘Business Administration’ studies off the pitch

Emerson Royal arrived at AC Milan a month ago and while the start has been far from fantastic, the Brazilian is convinced he can make a difference. At the same time, he has embarked on a new adventure off the pitch, a report claims. 

Milan took some time in the negotiations with Tottenham but eventually reached an agreement at €15m, something James Horncastle labelled ‘the biggest donation in Fondazione Milan history’. In other words, the transfer hasn’t been well received by everyone.

Off the pitch, in addition to settling in, Emerson Royal has also decided to embark on online studies. According to Gazzetta dello Sport , he will study ‘Business Administration’ at Logos University International as he wants to manage his earnings personally.

Emerson Royal is certainly not the first player to juggle training with studies. For example, Tommaso Pobega got a degree in Business Economics and Commerce not too long ago, writing his thesis on Fondazione Milan fittingly enough .

Having said all of this, Emerson Royal is being paid good money by Milan to perform on the pitch and so far, he hasn’t done that. This obviously needs to change and the fans will certainly keep a close eye on him.

He better do business. He ain’t cut out to be a footballer.

He needs to study his current profession, first.

Good for him. He is not a footballer so he should try something else.

yep he need better in counting esp about his blunder which end-up as goals conceded

Lol. Credit where is due. He might be one of the worst footballers ever but at least the guy seems to be pretty smart. Posing for years as a footballer earning millions. Now with the spotlight on him he senses the end is near. So he prepares to manage the fortune he amassed. He would probably do a better job than Furlani.

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How to Create a Risk Management Plan for Consultants

Table of contents, why is it important for consultants to have a risk management plan, what kinds of risks do consultants face, 1. risk identification, 2. risk analysis, 3. risk evaluation and ranking, 4. risk response, 5. risk monitoring, insurance for consultants.

There’s a relatively common notion that independent consultants spend a lot of their time traveling abroad and doing their work poolside (probably with a pina colada in hand). Sounds like a dream, right? It’s a dream for consultants, too, because it’s far from reality for most.

While that may not reflect the real world for many consultants, there are still plenty of perks to consultancy work. Think: flexible work hours, variety, networking, and, yes, the ability to travel. 

But being a consultant also comes with some unique risks that many other professionals don’t encounter. A consultant’s livelihood relies heavily on their client relationships, which could mean financial ruin if those relationships get jeopardized. That’s why every consultant needs to have a risk management plan in place, to successfully tackle the inevitable challenges while also making the most of opportunities for growth and innovation.

With that in mind, we’ve put together this guide with everything you need to create a risk management plan for your consultancy business.

You may be thinking, “Risk management plans are just for large corporations.”

Think again.

Every business has risks and independent consultants are no exception. Whether you provide consulting services in marketing, IT , HR, financial services, graphic design, or even risk management, there are risks that could compromise your success and reputation. That’s why it’s crucial to be proactive and use all the resources at your disposal to minimize and control the impact of potential and real threats.

Because simply ignoring business risks won’t make them go away.

Consultants are brought in as experts in their field, which means that their clients typically have high expectations for their work. What’s more, competition can be fierce for consultants. In fact, the global management consulting services market is expected to grow from $976.3 billion in 2022 to $1,184 billion in 2027 . Having an effective risk management plan goes a long way in helping consultants manage client expectations and stand out from the competition.

No matter what stage your consulting business is at, it’s essential to know the challenges you may face. While threats can vary based on your specific area of work, there are several risks that all consultants, regardless of their industry, must be ready to tackle.

Unhappy Clients: No one can please everyone all the time, and there are plenty of reasons for unhappy clients in the consultancy world. Think: missed deadlines, cost overruns, failure to meet expectations, misrepresentation, and miscommunication. Even with detailed contracts and clear communication, unhappy clients are inevitable. That’s why this risk should be top of mind for all consultants.

Data Breaches: Most consultants store client data on their computers, meaning a data breach could have devastating financial and PR consequences. Considering that the global average cost of a data breach in 2023 was $4.45 million , a 15% increase from three years prior, it’s easy to see why so many businesses don’t survive a data breach or cybercrime. This isn’t a threat any consulting business can afford to overlook. 

Unpredictable Markets and Unstable Income: If there’s one thing that’s certain in consulting work, it’s uncertainty. Most consultants are familiar with the feast or famine cycle . It’s easy to get caught up in that cycle, where all of your attention goes to a current client, followed by a period of no work — and no income . The delicate balance of paying attention to existing clients while finding new ones isn’t easy, but it is necessary. 

Scope Creep: You know when a client asks for extra work beyond what’s been agreed upon and included in the contract? That’s known as scope creep, and it can be a tricky situation for consultants to deal with. Those just starting their consulting career may be tempted to complete extra requests as a favor to a client. While you may think this is one way to keep them happy and coming back to you, it can lead to problems like missed deadlines, subpar work, and setting an expectation that is hard to maintain.

How to Start a Risk Management Plan for Consultants

Now that you know some of the risks your consulting business may encounter, what can you do about them? Having a risk management plan will help you stay on top of issues that could threaten your business — it may also help you spot opportunities for growth.  

Below are the key steps for creating a risk management plan for your consulting business:

Knowing about a risk means you can plan for it. That’s why the first step to take when preparing a risk management plan is to identify all potential threats to your consulting business. Be sure to look at all aspects of your business. Some threats are obvious, while others may take a bit of research to discover.

At this stage, you may find it worthwhile to start a risk register , where you can document information for all identified risks.

Once you’ve identified risks, you can analyze them and determine the potential quantitative and qualitative impact each could have on your business. That means figuring out the likelihood of a risk occurring versus the effect it could have.

This stage is where you ask, “How likely is it that this risk will happen, and what will it take to recover if and when it does happen?” Ranking risks is a vital step as it helps you understand how to prioritize resources to mitigate specific threats. A risk assessment matrix can help you visualize each risk’s likelihood and impact.

Once you’ve ranked the risks, the next step is determining how to respond to each one. This could involve mitigation tactics, such as limiting who has access to sensitive information or transferring the risk to a third party with insurance. For example, if you’re concerned about a data breach, you can transfer the associated risk to your insurance provider with cyber liability insurance .

There is no such thing as “one and done” with risk management. While new risks are inevitable, eliminating one risk could result in another threat popping up. A risk management plan is a living document that needs to be reviewed regularly and updated as required. You don’t want the plan to end up outdated and irrelevant when you need it. 

Want more tips on preparing a risk management plan? For a complete breakdown of how to put together an effective risk management plan, check out our detailed guide .

Risk is simply a part of doing business. You can’t have one without the other.

And risks will inevitably change over time; new concerns will emerge as your business grows or a project progresses. So, to successfully grow your consulting business, you have to keep on top of threats that could jeopardize your practice.

One of the most effective ways for consultants to manage risk is by transferring it to a third party, such as your business insurance provider. With coverage like professional liability insurance , your consulting business will be protected from allegations of errors and omissions, while cyber liability insurance will help your firm withstand a data breach.

To learn more about coverage for consultants , read our recent blog post that outlines everything about the insurance policies consultants need .

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Why business students are getting to grips with geopolitics

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Roula Khalaf, Editor of the FT, selects her favourite stories in this weekly newsletter.

As a young man growing up in Iran, Nima Salami began speaking out against the regime’s oppressive policies. “But those actions put my family and me at risk, forcing us to flee Iran in search of a better life,” he says.

Like many refugees, they travelled through several countries and, because Salami’s mother suffers from chronic diseases, she had to undergo a complete re-diagnosis each time she entered a new country before she could receive treatment.

When they settled finally in the Netherlands, Salami set himself a goal: to develop a patient-centric health information system that could help people in his mother’s situation — giving all refugees a secure and portable way to verify their medical conditions.

“I had a first degree in computer science, but realised technical knowledge alone wouldn’t be enough to scale the company to its full potential,” says Salami, who enrolled on the Master in Management (MiM) at Rotterdam School of Management (RSM). “The programme offered me the perfect blend of academic rigour, practical experience and a focus on social impact — it was transformative,” he says.

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In a year when many university campuses have been hotbeds of protest against conflict and climate crisis, many students have been left feeling powerless and anxious. But others, like Salami, are seeking ways to have an impact and several business schools are offering courses preparing MiM students to manage in a world where peace, human rights and sustainability are increasingly to the fore.

Neoma , in northern France, for example, has just introduced a geopolitics course to the first year of its MiM, taught jointly by professors at the school and at the Institute of International and Strategic Relations. The module aims to help future managers anticipate threats and crises. One session, for instance, is devoted to doing business in wartime, another on mitigating geopolitical risk.

“Geopolitics used to be reserved for strategists and diplomats, but it’s become an essential skill now in a world where the lines between politics and business are increasingly blurred,” says MiM director Imen Mejri. “A serious geopolitical understanding is indispensable for anyone closely or remotely linked to the international arena.”

As part of its core curriculum, Vlerick Business School , in Belgium, runs two courses preparing students for geopolitical and macro challenges. “Fickle geopolitics affects corporate strategy, its implementation and long-run decision-making,” says David Veredas, professor of sustainable finance. “Any MiM student who aspires to become a corporate leader needs to understand the mega trends that drive geopolitics.

“The main skills are reflective thinking and a joy of reading,” Veredas adds. “Future corporate leaders need to stay ahead of the curve and consider the big picture, and that requires time to reflect and to read.”

Geopolitics used to be reserved for strategists and diplomats, but it’s become an essential skill Imen Mejri, MiM director

Nova School of Business and Economics , in Portugal, has introduced modules on international migration and what it calls “wicked global leadership”. “It’s the capacity of leaders to tackle wicked problems — problems so complex that they resist understanding, let alone resolution,” explains Professor Milton de Sousa.

“To tackle wickedness, leaders need to immerse themselves in the context directly while engaging with stakeholders at multiple levels in the search for shared understanding and practical solutions,” he adds. “I want MiM students to grasp the skills of paradoxical thinking, complexity leadership, and humble inquiry.”

International migration is another growing phenomenon that shapes the world in which firms operate, says Cátia Batista, professor of economics at Nova. “It’s important to understand how people make international migration decisions when you are a manager recruiting global talent. It’s just as important to know how migration affects economies in both destination and origin countries, as well as public opinion.”

At HEC Paris , Charles Autheman teaches MiM students an elective on human rights. “Besides the moral case, there are legal and economic arguments for upholding human rights, as well a business responsibility, because corporate decisions in one place can be related to human rights violations in another place,” he says.

MiM participants also learn from peers brought to Paris by the HEC Imagine scheme for students from conflict zones. Lima Safi left Afghanistan when the Taliban regained control in 2021. “The new regime meant I lost my job, and continuing my education or career seemed impossible,” she says.

“Leaving my homeland meant I might never see my family again, but I took that risk because I believe education is paramount. I was able to share my story with fellow students at HEC to help them understand how fortunate they are to have access to education . . . because life can be extremely difficult for many people around the world.”

Other schools are using project work to give MiM students exposure to geopolitical challenges.

Edhec , in France, has launched its first batch of “global impact projects” to give masters students experience of dealing with food scarcity, education inequalities, health disparities, climate actions and water access. Over the course of this summer and autumn, 20 students have travelled to Cameroon, Tanzania, Jordan, Hawaii, Philippines and India to work alongside non-profit organisations.

Student Arthur Thouvenin has been working with parents, teachers and school principals in the Himachal Pradesh region of India to improve learning conditions for elementary, middle and high school students.

“I was looking for an experience that would take me far away from my daily routine and open my eyes to how other people live and work,” he says. “Some days, it’s difficult to measure our impact or whether we are getting closer to our end goal, but I’m learning that patience is key to communicating and understanding each other.”

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