what is the dictionary of national biography

The Online Books Page

Dictionary of national biography, edited by leslie stephen and sidney lee, first edition.

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Second edition.

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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography is the national record of over 60,000 men and women who shaped the history of the British Isles and of Britons worldwide, from the ‘earliest times’ to the 21st century.   

The ODNB is the world’s largest collaborative research project in the humanities, providing concise, up-to-date biographies written by 13,000 specialists from 52 countries. In addition to its more than 60,000 biographies, the Dictionary includes more than 500 thematic essays (setting individuals in historical context), and 11,500 portrait likenesses, researched in association with the National Portrait Gallery, London.

Website:  http://www.oxforddnb.com/

• Research Aims

The ODNB was first published in 2004, in 60 print volumes and online. Since 2004 a continuation project has extended and developed the ODNB’s online edition.

Updates are published monthly. Our January update is composed of biographies of people who have died in the very recent past (all people in the ODNB are deceased). Our other monthly updates are gathered around themes of related lives and also extend the Dictionary’s coverage across earlier periods in the light of recent scholarship and publications. Updates also revise existing biographies in response to new research. Since 2004 we have added around 5000 biographies and thematic essays.

Dictionary editors also run a programme of public engagement with other national institutions (museums, galleries, the National Trust, English Heritage, and national biographies worldwide), as well as with British public libraries and university research projects in the UK and the United States. The Dictionary's popular podcast series is available on itunes and via our website.

The Oxford DNB is a research and publishing project of the Oxford History Faculty and Oxford University Press. The work of commissioning, editing, writing, updating, and promoting the Dictionary is undertaken by a small team of Oxford historians: Mark Curthoys, Alex May, and Anders Ingram.

The ODNB’s general editor (from October 2014) is Sir David Cannadine who, in his capacity as editor, is also a Visiting Professor in the Oxford History Faculty.

The ODNB have recorded over 250 life stories from the  Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford DNB) –  Boudicca  to  Bobby Moore ,  Mrs Simpson  to  Mills & Boon .

You can download an individual life or subscribe to their fortnightly biography podcast,  released on iTunes as ‘Oxford Biographies’ . Each episode lasts between 10 and 30 minutes.

Elizabeth Parsons, the Cock Lane Ghost (1749–1807), imposter

Sylvia Pankhurst (1882-1960), suffragette

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (1848-54), artists

Odo of Bayeux (d. 1097), commissioner of the Bayeux Tapestry

Jack Sheppard (1702-1724), thief and prison-breaker

Alice Liddell (1852-1934), the real-life in Alice in Wonderland

Eric Hobsbawm (1917-2012), historian and political writer

Margaret Roper (1505-1544), scholar and daughter of Thomas More

Dictionary of National Biography

The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885. The updated Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes and online.

• Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900 , the original 63 volumes, published between 1885 and 1900. These biographies use the suffix DNB00.
• Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement , first supplement of 3 volumes, published 1901; outlined in a prefatory note . These articles use the suffix DNB01. With Queen Victoria's death, 22 January 1901, this era came to a close.
• Dictionary of National Biography, Index and Epitome , published 1903 as one volume, provided condensed versions of all previous DNB biographies.
• Dictionary of National Biography, Errata , published 1904 in a single volume. These corrections are being incorporated into applicable DNB00 and DNB01 articles.
• Dictionary of National Biography re-issued nearly every article from the 66 volumes contained in the original and first supplement. This reissue, contained in 22 volumes, occurred between 1908 and 1909, and incorporated the 1904 Errata.
• Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement , published 1912 in three volumes, includes articles from those who died between 1901 and 1911. These articles use the suffix DNB12.
• Dictionary of National Biography, 1927 supplement , published 1927 in one volume, includes articles from those who died between 1912 and 1921.

The 1912 Index was the last version of the DNB from the original publishers, Smith, Elder & Co. Subsequent versions were published by Oxford University Press.

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George Smith (1824—1901) publisher, businessman, and founder of the Dictionary of National Biography

Leslie Stephen (1832—1904) author, literary critic, and first editor of the Dictionary of National Biography

Sir Sidney Lee (1859—1926) second editor of the Dictionary of National Biography and literary scholar

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Dictionary of National Biography

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The brainchild of the publisher George Smith. The work began in 1882 with Sir Leslie Stephen as editor and the last volume appeared in 1900. Supplements and updates have followed and Oxford University Press's new edition appeared in 2004.

From:   Dictionary of National Biography   in  A Dictionary of British History »

Subjects: Literature

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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Principal Investigator / Director:  Philip Carter

Oxford participants:  Philip Carter

Other Participants:  not specified

Project Webpage:  http://www.oxforddnb.com/

Start Date:  September 2004

End Date:  not specified

Funder:  not specified

Partner organizations (inside or outside Oxford):  not specified

Project Description:

The  Oxford Dictionary of National Biography  ( www.oxforddnb.com/ )   is the national record of 60,000 men and women who shaped the history of the British Isles and of Britons worldwide, from the Roman occupation to the 21 st  century.    

The ODNB is the world’s largest collaborative research project in the humanities, providing concise, up-to-date biographies written by 14,000 specialists overseen by a small team of academic editors at Oxford's History Faculty. In addition to 60,000 biographies, the Dictionary includes more than 500 thematic essays (setting individuals in historical context), and 11,500 portrait likenesses, researched in association with the National Portrait Gallery, London.

The ODNB was first published in 2004, in 60 print volumes and online. Regular updates have since have added a further 5000 biographies and thematic essays. Roughly half of these new biographies are of people from the very recent past who died (all people in the ODNB are deceased) in the 21 st  century. Other biographies extend the Dictionary’s coverage across earlier periods in the light of recent scholarship and publications. Updates also revise existing biographies in response to new research.

Dictionary editors also run a programme of public engagement and data linking with other national institutions (museums, galleries, the National Trust, and national biographies worldwide), as well as with research libraries and university research projects in the UK and the United States.

Other projects the participants have been involved in:

• HUMANITIES DIVISION
• --Faculty of History
• OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
• --Text analysis
• --Visualisation
• --Textual input
• --Publishing

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Oxford dictionary of national biography : in association with the British Academy : from the earliest times to the year 2000

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Enhanced Genealogical Data From Oxford Dictionary Of National Biography

Discover enriched family histories with our indexed records sourced from the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Uncover ancestral connections, birth details, and occupations meticulously added to supplement original entries. Explore our genealogical treasure trove for comprehensive insights into your family's past and heritage.

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• Reference person

The reference person is the primary person named in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. The status describes their relationship to the primary individual. For example, John Bell is the father-in-law of John Trotter Brockett.

The image will provide you with all the genealogical details. You will discover the family history of individuals listed in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Discover more about these records

The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was first printed in 1885, and it is the national record of women and men who have shaped British history. The current edition features the biographies of over 54,000 individuals. The ODNB primarily offers biographical insights, but not detailed genealogical information. Birth, marriage, and death dates were often imprecise, and family details were sparse. Genealogist Cliff Webb has enhanced over 1,000 post-1800 ODNB entries with genealogical data, including precise dates and family connections. This expanded information is accessible via Findmypast, enabling researchers to uncover familial links to ODNB entrants that may remain undiscovered. Ongoing updates and future supplements ensure a growing resource for family history enthusiasts.

History of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

• 1882: Commencement of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) project.
• 1900: Completing the first edition in 63 volumes, featuring around 30,000 biographies.
• Supplements: Continuous addition of biographies, encompassing deaths, omissions, and global contributions.
• 1990s: Initiation of a new edition, expanding coverage to the 20th century, sports, entertainment, and business.
• 2004: Publication of the new edition with nearly 55,000 biographies.
• Britain, Dictionary Of National Biography, 1885-1904
• Britain, Knights Of The Realm & Commonwealth Index
• England & Wales Deaths 1837-2007

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Welcome to American National Biography Online

The life of a nation is told by the lives of its people

• Over 19,000 biographies of significant, influential or notorious figures from American history written by prominent scholars
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• Learn about our editors and the Letter from the General Editor  Miroslava Chávez-García.

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What’s new: April 2024

This update features five new biographies, including the “Queen of Soul” Aretha Franklin; management consultant, author, and professor Peter Drucker; pioneering African American psychologist Keturah Whitehurst; University of Pennsylvania philosopher William T. V. Fontaine; and folk singer and labor activist Aunt Molly Jackson.

Find out more

Aretha Franklin

Aretha Franklin (1942-2018) was one of the most popular and influential performers in United States history. A singer, songwriter, and producer, Franklin created a transcendent blend of gospel, jazz, blues, soul, and pop that appealed to fans of all genres. She became a household name and national icon with a string of indelible hits, including “Respect,” “Amazing Grace,” “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman,” “Chain of Fools,” and dozens more.

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The March 2024 update of the American National Biography adds 25 images from the National Portrait Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution.

FEBRUARY 22, 2024

What’s new: february 2024.

The February update of the American National Biography features four new essays, including Christopher Reeve, Superman actor and activist for people with spinal cord injuries; White House press corps journalist Helen Thomas; Alice Rivlin, economist who served as vice chair of the Federal Reserve and director of the Office of Management and Budget; and S. Willard Saxton, printmaker, Civil War veteran, and federal government employee.

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Publication date

  1 - 20 of 77,732 results, aaron, richard ithamar (1901–1987), philosopher  , o. r. jones, publication history:.

Aaron, Richard Ithamar (1901–1987), philosopher, was born on 6 November 1901 at Upper Dulais, Blaendulais, Glamorgan, the son of William Aaron (1864–1937), a draper, and his wife, Margaret Griffith ( d . 1940). He was brought up in Llwyfenni, Llangyfelach, Ynystawe, which was his home from 1910 to 1932, and received his secondary education at ...

Aaronson, Lazarus (1895–1966), poet and educationist  

William baker.

Aaronson, Lazarus (1895–1966), poet and educationist, was born at 34 Great Pearl Street, Spitalfields, London, on 18 February 1895, the son of Louis Aaronson, master bootmaker, and his wife, Sarah, née Kowalski. His parents were impoverished Jewish immigrants from Vilna in the Pale...

Abadam, Alice (1856–1940), suffrage activist and women’s rights campaigner  

Alexandra hughes-johnson.

Abadam, Alice (1856–1940), suffrage activist and women’s rights campaigner, was born in St John’s Wood, London, on 2 January 1856 (census returns 1891, 1939 Register). Her birth was not registered and she was not baptised. She was the youngest of seven children (four daughters and two sons) of ...

Abbadie, Jacques [James] (bap. 1654?, d. 1727), Church of Ireland dean of Killaloe  

Ruth whelan.

Abbadie, Jacques [James] ( bap. 1654 ? , d. 1727), Church of Ireland dean of Killaloe, was born in Nay in Béarn; he is most probably the Jacques Abbadie who was the third child of Violente de Fortaner and Pierre Abbadie, baptized on 27 April 1654. He received his early education at the local protestant school, which was overseen by the pastor and writer ...

Abbas Hilmi ['Abbās Ḥilmi] II (1874–1944), last khedive of Egypt  

Michael t. thornhill.

Abbas Hilmi ['Abbās Ḥilmi] II (1874–1944), last khedive of Egypt, was born on 14 July 1874 in Alexandria, Egypt, the son of Muhammad Tawfiq (1852–1892), sixth ruler of Egypt under the dynasty founded in 1811 by his great-great-grandfather Mehmet Ali, and Princess Emine Hanem...

Abbas Hilmi II (1874–1944)  

Maker: dittrich, in  abbas hilmi ['abbās ḥilmi] ii (1874–1944), last khedive of egypt.

Abbas Hilmi II (1874–1944) by Dittrich, pubd 1900 © National Portrait Gallery, London

Abbatt [née Cobb], (Nora) Marjorie (1899–1991), promoter of toy design and businesswoman  

Elizabeth newson.

Abbatt [ née Cobb], (Nora) Marjorie (1899–1991), promoter of toy design and businesswoman, was born on 18 March 1899 at 12 Lovelace Gardens, Surbiton, Surrey, the elder daughter of Edward Rhodes Cobb (1872-1965), a well-to-do fur broker, and his wife Marion Murray ...

Abbensetts, Michael John (1938–2016)  

Maker: horace ové, in  abbensetts, michael john (1938–2016), playwright and television screenwriter.

Michael Abbensetts (1938–2016), by Horace Ové, 2003

© Horace Ové/National Portrait Gallery, London

Abbensetts, Michael John (1938–2016), playwright and television screenwriter  

Stephen bourne.

Abbensetts, Michael John (1938–2016), playwright and television screenwriter, was born on 8 June 1938 in Georgetown, British Guiana, the son of Neville John Abbensetts, a doctor, and his wife, Elaine. They were a middle-class family of mixed African and European heritage. Abbensetts attended ...

Abberbury family (per. c. 1270–c. 1475), gentry  

Simon walker.

Abberbury family ( per. c. 1270– c. 1475), gentry, of Donnington, Berkshire, was for several generations a highly successful family. The rise and decline of the Abberburys is typical of the volatility of the fortunes of many later medieval gentry families. Established as early as 1208 as one of the leading freeholding families in the ...

Abberbury, Sir John (c. 1316–1346)  

In  abberbury family.

See Abberbury family

Abberbury, Sir Richard (d. 1416)  

Abberbury, richard (d. after 1473)  , abberbury, sir richard (d. 1334)  , abberbury, sir richard (c. 1330–1399)  , abberbury, thomas (d. 1416)  , abberbury, thomas (d. 1307)  , abbey, edwin austin (1852–1911), illustrator and painter  , lucy oakley.

Abbey, Edwin Austin (1852–1911), illustrator and painter, was born at 315 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 1 April 1852, the eldest of the three children of William Maxwell Abbey (1827–1897), a merchant of French and English descent, and Margery Ann Kiple (1825–1880), who was descended from German and Irish immigrants. He was educated in ...

Abbey, John Roland (1894–1969), book collector  

Anthony hobson.

Abbey, John Roland (1894–1969), book collector, was born in Brighton on 23 November 1894, the eldest of three sons of William Henry Abbey, brewer, of Sedgwick Park, Horsham, and his wife, Florence, daughter of Henry Belcher, of Hove, Sussex. He was named John Rowland...

Abbo of Fleury [St Abbo of Fleury] (945x50–1004), abbot of St Benoît-sur-Loire  

Richard w. pfaff.

Abbo of Fleury [St Abbo of Fleury] (945x50–1004), abbot of St Benoît-sur-Loire, was a French monk influential, by both his presence in England and his writings, in the monastic revival of the late tenth century. He was born in the region of Orléans...

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date: 30 April 2024

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Born This Day

Leslie william (bill) galvin (1903–1966).

Leslie William (Bill) Galvin (1903-1966), politician, was born on 30 April 1903 at Woollahra, Sydney, son of native-born parents Leslie Arthur Galvin, commercial clerk, and his wife Ethel, née Tisdale....

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