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The following outstanding dissertation example PDFs have their marks denoted in brackets. (Mark 70) (Mark 78) |
Students in the School of Economics at the University of Nottingham consistently produce work of a very high standard in the form of coursework essays, dissertations, research work and policy articles.
Below are some examples of the excellent work produced by some of our students. The authors have agreed for their work to be made available as examples of good practice.
Thank you to all those students who have agreed to have their work showcased in this way.
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Home > Business > Doctoral Dissertations
Submissions from 2024 2024.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning on Organizations Cybersecurity , Mustafa Abdulhussein
Possible Under Utilization of Agile Management in Curriculum Change Process of Aviation Degree Programs , Samantha Bowyer
Exploration of the Financial Impact of the Pandemic Among Filipino Asian Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Duval County Florida , Thomas N. Cannistra
Crowdsourcing Strategizing: A View From the Top , Priscilla L. Eddings
Marketing Management of Online Negative Reviews of Medical Services , Christopher Edward Feltes
Developing and Retaining High-Potential Non-Academic Employees in Private Higher Education Institutions to Create Sustainable Non-Academic Leadership Pipelines , Sheraine D. Gilliam
The Perpetual Challenges of Nonprofit Board Governance and Its' Impact on Operations , Gala U. Harvell
Artificial Intelligence and Its Need in Healthcare , Michael Haskins
The Impact of a Project Management Approach on Micro-Businesses in Achieving Strategic Goals , Karen M. Lowe
Formalized Succession Planning: A Need in East Tennessee Health Departments , Elizabeth A. Maples
Millennial Turnover: An Implication for Human Resource Management , Folake Titilola Olumide
Impact of the Increased Use of Telehealth on Health Care Management and Administration: The Case of New Care Management Practices , Immacula Pierre
Revenue Cycle Management , Mary Scalf
A Study of Leadership's Role in Building Relationships Among Virtual Team Members , Danna V. Smith
Mental Health Provider Shortage in Rural Communities , Barrow N. Tabe
Credit History Controls the Ability of Small Businesses to Obtain Working Capital: A Case Study , Tiffany Leeona Thompson
Best Practices Associated with Medical Device Regulatory Strategy Success: A Case Study , Jonathan P. Ward
The Use of Multidisciplinary Care Teams in Diagnosing and Managing Care of Cancer Patients in Eastern Kentucky , Terry Lee Adams
Impact of Leadership for Startup Companies , Emem Okon Akpanekong
Assessing the Lack of Project Management Soft Skills Toward Project Completion Rates , Rene Orlando Aleman
Effective Strategies for Midsized Nonprofit Human Service Organizations in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area to Maintain Financial Sustainability , Ivy Ann Beckham
Financial Capability – Examining the Impact of Financial Education on U.S. Military Members , Philip Mason Chapman
High Health Care Cost in the U.S. and Its Impact on an African American Church Community in East Orange, New Jersey , William Charles
Exploring Target Marketing at Private Universities Directed to the Nontraditional Student Population , Connie Chester Christian
Current Management Issues in Health Information Technology , Gladys Dadson
Strategic Leadership for Managing Diversity , Amdy Diene
Cultivating Employee Relationships , Kimberly Lynn England
Leadership Support as an Influence on Frontline Healthcare Employee Retention in the Washington Metropolitan Area (DMV) , Tamika Fair
Exploring the Impacts of Funding Models on Business as Mission Organizations in Asia: A Multiple-case Study , Jeremiah Joel Finch
Organizational Cultures Effect on Productivity in Manufacturing , Jonathan Karl Foley
Air Force Support for the Joint Military Environment: A NATO Allied Command Operations Headquarters Case Study , James R. Hamilton
Biblical Leadership: Combatting Authoritarianism , Katherine M. Inman
A Quantitative Examination of the Relationships Between Work-Life Balance, Burnout, and Turnover Intentions Among Texas Public Accounting Professionals , Vicky Ruth Johnson
Unlocking the Talent Puzzle: Examining the Impact of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Career Development on Talent Attraction and Retention , Angela Denise Lamar
Weak Organizational Culture in Higher Education Leads to Unmet Organizational Goals , Jennifer Willard Matthews
Impact of Audit Time Pressure on Audit Quality , Janae Monet McClam
Organizational Preparedness Required for System Implementation , Kaitlyn Marie McCollum
An Assessment of Hospice Patients’ Experience from Cancer Care Services in the United States Hospitals: A Mixed-Method Study , Femi Obasun
A Qualitative Analysis of Corporate Responsibility for the Education of U.S. Citizens , Heidi Leslie O'Donnell
The Impact and Inability of Leaders to Address Employee Grievances , Esther Ayomide Osayi
Redesigning an Effective Pathway to Consumer Loyalty for Sustainable Competitive Advantage , Stephen P. Panczak
A Multiple Case Study: Male Correctional Officers’ Experiences and Attitudes Regarding “Gender Quota” Human Resource Management Strategies in Corrections , Rebecca Jo Patterson
Quantifying the Value of Renewable Energy as a Hedge Against the Volatility of Natural Gas Prices in Wisconsin , Miodrag Petrovic
Understanding Workplace Conditions Contributing to Physician Burnout Prevalence in Maryland State , Fatima Adefunke Queen
TeamSTEPPS and Organizational Culture , Amelia Arca Quinto
Succession Planning in the Federal Government , Christine Noel Roberts
The Impact of Project Management on the Adoption of Emerging Media to Non-commercial Broadcasting Media Businesses in Hispanic Markets , Jonathan Rosado
Sustainable Activity-Based Costing in a Small Flexible Manufacturing Environment , John Edward Schlaack
Effectiveness of Government Leadership to Maintain Productivity in a Virtual Environment , Crystal J. Showell
Remote Leadership: Assessing Productive Work Environments in a Post-Pandemic Future , Kimberly Diane Snodgrass
The Middle Management Leader and the Matrixed Organization , Donald Keith Stephens
Improving Strategic Management Planning in Non-Profit Organizations: Federally Qualified Health Centers , Esther Taylor
Managing Cyber Defense as a Business Threat for Small and Medium Enterprises , Binh Quang Vo
Attracting and Sustaining Volunteers: Leadership Impact on the Recruitment and Retention of Volunteers in Nonprofit Organizations, and Differences Observed when Organizations are Predicated on Faith , Lascel A. Webley Jr.
Organizational Behavior , Molly Xiong
An Empirical Study of the Relationship Between Organizational Commitment, Employee Voice Behavior, and Psychological Well-Being Among Employees Within Mid-Size Service , Katelin Barron
Government Contract Re-compete Impacts on Employees , John James Bergmann
Fraud Risk Management to Detect and Prevent Employee Fraud in Small Rural Businesses , Daphne Yuying Bishop
Exploring the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Hawai'ian Small Businesses , Farrel Anthony Blake
The Effects of Leadership Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Resulting in High Turnover, Low Morale, and Decreased Productivity , Damon Brown-Crawford
Pandemics and United States Pharmaceutical Stocks’ Rates of Return , Ronald Franklin Burnette Jr
Effect of Supervisor Bias on Performance Motivation During Incentive-Based Performance Reviews , Jessica Lace Burrell
Just-In-Time/Just-In-Case Inventory Management as an Influence on Supply Chain Disruption in Medical Systems Based in the Southeastern United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic , Brooke Gibson Coslett
Internal Controls in Small City Government , M. Wade Cothran
Empowering Healthcare Workers through Transformational Leadership , Angela Nicole Craig
Big Bath Earnings Management in Accounting , Shannon Danysh-Hashemi
Distribution Center ERP Utilization , Andrew B. Davidson
Exploring Succession Planning for Executive Leadership Positions within Ohio's Faith-based Organizations: A Multiple-Case Study , Gilda Drammeh
Exploring Financial Literacy and Overconfident Investor Behavior , Ryan J. Drews
Communicating the Value Contributions of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (PaLM) to Healthcare Administrators, Evidence of Value from a Multiple Cases Study , Susan K. Edralin
The EMS Deficit: A Study on the Excessive Staffing Shortages of Paramedics and its Impact on EMS Performance in the States of South Carolina and North Carolina and Interventions for Organizational Improvements. , James Boyd Eubanks
Mental Health Experiences in the Workplace , Laura L. Goff
Certified Nursing Assistant Turnover in the Long-Term Care Facility Industry , Michael Leroy Gregory
Employment Branding for University Graduates in Jamaica , Caroline Harvey
The Lack of Communication in Leadership , Wendy Webb Hicks
Project Management Skills for Highly Successful Virtual Project Teams , Andrea Hogge
Substance Abuse's Impact on Public Accounting , William Dennis Holmes
The Impact of Strategic Planning in Small Business: Empirical Evidence From East Tennessee , Sara Howe
Corporate Social Responsibility Engagement Levels and Employee Performance , Omotola Idowu
Enhancing Success Through Leadership , Wendy T. Jewell
Going Virtual: Addressing the Challenges Faced by Organizational Leaders When Employees Transition to Virtual Environments in Times of Crisis , Mary Susan Johnson
Telework in Times of Crisis , Samantha Jones
Distributed Leadership in West Virginia Higher Education , Jennie Lee Khun
Mitigating Supply Chain Disruptions, Risks, and Vulnerabilities , John Jeong Kim
Human Resource Strategy in Times of Disruption , April R. Kinchen
Decision Usefulness of Goodwill in Financial Statement Reporting , B. Mechelle Lafon
Overcoming Barriers to Social Enterprise Expansion, Growth, and Financial Sustainability: The Leadership Challenges , Elizabeth A. Lee
Evaluating the Impact of Diversity Training in the Workplace. , Vilmarie Lopez
Stronger: Can Financial Adversity Faced by Small Business Enterprises Lead to Small Business Success & Resilience , Jeffery R. McDurmont
Adapting North American Selling Methods to Cross-Cultural Technology Sales Engagements in the Borderless Global Economy , Zachary Paul McKinley
Organizational Change in the Workplace during the COVID-19 Pandemic , Takeisha Shante Miles
Strategies and Internal Control Procedures for Decreasing Fraud in Faith-Based Nonprofit Organizations , Shawn Thomas Miller
Local Food in Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Destination Marketing – The Case of Trinidad & Tobago , Winston Mohammed
Leadership Adaptability Within the Higher Education Industry , Rebecca Niemeyer Rens
The Impact of Network Engineer Configuration on Campus Network Performance , Ralph Chimaren Odima
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Leadership Development Programs in the Public Sector and Its Impact on Organizational Performance , Chijioke Henry Osuagwu
The Effects of Big Data and Blockchain on the Audit Profession , Tereesha Marquette Patterson
Ergonomic Safety in Supply Chains , Andrew Thompson Prior
Operational Structures Forming Complex Feedback Loops in Health System / Accountable Care Partnerships – A Multiple-Case Study Investigation to Enable System Dynamics Simulation , Richard J. Pro
Diversity as an Influence on Talent Management and Competitive Advantage: The Absence of Female African American Executive Leadership in the Insurance Industry , Lateisha Tamarra Rainey
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The templates are based on standardized chapter structures, but the exact structure and layout required by your university may differ. Therefore, it’s always best to review the specific requirements of your university and program before settling on a structure.
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If you’re just starting the writing process, the former could help you structure your outline document and get a feel for how it all fits together, whereas the latter (chapter-specific templates) can be used as you approach each chapter.
Home > Business > Business Administration ETDs
Theses and dissertations published by graduate students in the Business Administration program, College of Business, Old Dominion University, since Fall 2016 are available in this collection. Backfiles of all dissertations (and some theses) have also been added.
In late Fall 2023 or Spring 2024, all theses will be digitized and available here. In the meantime, consult the Library Catalog to find older items in print.
Dissertation: Two Essays on Industry Tournament Incentives , Sarah Almisher
Dissertation: Two Essays on Investor Sentiment , Amin Amoulashkarian
Dissertation: Two Essays on Retail Trading , Qiqi Liang
Dissertation: Two Essays in Real Estate Dynamics , Navid Safari
Dissertation: Firm Capabilities, Great Power Competition, and the Structural Reshaping of Globalization , Samuel Wilson
Dissertation: Three Essays on Stock Price Informativeness, Stock Price Momentum, and Firm Investment Efficiency , Chen Chen
Dissertation: Exploring Blockchain-Based Digital Transformation In Organizations , Weiru Chen
Dissertation: Two Essays on Antecedents and Effects of Award-Winning CEOS , Veronika Ciarleglio
Dissertation: Two’s a Crowd? Implications of Economic Geography for Corporate Governance , Matthew Farrell
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Effects of CEO Social Activism , Habib Islam
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Role of Empathy in Consumer Response to User-Generated Content , Mohammadali Koorank Beheshti
Dissertation: Three Essays on the Effects of Other Customer Brand Tie and Employee Behavior on Consumer Behavior , Saeed Zal
Dissertation: Three Essays on CEO Traits, Corporate Investment Decisions, and Firm Value , Rongyao Zhang
Dissertation: Two Essays on Antecedents and Effects of Board Female Representation Non-Conformity , Fatemeh Askarzadeh
Dissertation: Application of Optimization Techniques in Corporate Cash Management , Venkateswara Reddy Dondeti
Dissertation: Two Essays on Corruption, FDI, and Digitalization , Mahdi Forghani Bajestani
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Information Embedded in Flow of Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) , Hamed Yousefi
Dissertation: The Influence of Mating Motives on Reliance on Form Versus Function in Product Choice , Seyed Hamid Abbassi Hosseini
Dissertation: Three Essays on CEO Characteristics and Corporate Bankruptcy , Rajib Chowdhury
Dissertation: The Effects of CEO Dismissal Risk and Skills on Risky Corporate Decisions and CEO Compensation , Son T. Dang
Dissertation: Essay 1: How We Feel: The Role of Macro-Economic Sentiment in Advertising Spending-Sales Relationship; Essay 2: It Was the Best of Times; It Was the Worst of Times: The Effect of Emotional Uncertainty and Arousal on Healthy Food Choices , Leila Khoshghadam
Dissertation: The Accumulation of IT Capability And Its Long-Term Effect on Financial Performance , Jin Ho Kim
Dissertation: Three Essays on the Roles of Review Valence and Conflict in Online Relationships , Ran Liu
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Microstructure of the Housing Market: Agents' Diffused Effort and Sellers' Behavior Bias , Zhaohui Li
Dissertation: Two Essays on CEO Overconfidence in Relation to Speed of Adjustment of Firm Financial Policy and CEO Inside Debt , Xiang Long
Dissertation: Pricing the Cloud: An Auction Approach , Yang Lu
Dissertation: Two Essays on Consumer Envy , Murong Miao
Dissertation: Two Essays on Negotiations Between Entrepreneurs and Angel Investors , Aydin Selim Oksoy
Dissertation: Two Essays on Bitcoin Price and Volume , Mohammad Bayani Khaknejad
Dissertation: Two Essays on Investor Attention, Investor Sentiment, and Earnings Pricing , Qiuye Cai
Dissertation: Success Factors Impacting Artificial Intelligence Adoption --- Perspective From the Telecom Industry in China , Hong Chen
Dissertation: Early Information Access to Alleviate Emergency Department Congestion , Anjee Gorkhali
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Consumer Acculturation Process – A Need for and Development of a Consumer Acculturation Measure , Kristina Marie Harrison
Dissertation: Three Essays on CEO Characteristics and Corporate Decisions , Trung Nguyen
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Effects of Organization Capital on Firm Behavior , Andrew Root
Dissertation: Underlying Factors Behind Generation of Different Types of User-Generated Content - Impact of Individual and Brand/Product Level Factors in Generation of Brand-Oriented Content and Community-Oriented Content , Kemal Cem Soylemez
Dissertation: Customers’ Goal-Related Behavior in Loyalty Programs , Junzhou Zhang
Dissertation: Security Risk Tolerance in Mobile Payment: A Trade-off Framework , Yong Chen
Dissertation: Numerical Framing and Emotional Arousal as Moderators of Review Valence and Consumer Choices , Anh Dang
Dissertation: Three Essays on CEO Risk Preferences, and Ability, Corporate Hedging Decisions, and Investor Sentiment , Sonik Mandal
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Creation and Success of New Ventures , Amirmahmood Amini Sedeh
Dissertation: Effectiveness of Social Media Analytics on Detecting Service Quality Metrics in the U.S. Airline Industry , Xin Tian
Dissertation: Two Essays on Value Co-Creation , Hangjun Xu
Dissertation: Two Essays on Forced CEO Turnover During Envy Merger Waves, and Dividends , Bader Almuhtadi
Dissertation: The Role of Consumer Ethnocentrism on the Effects of Domestic vs Foreign Product Failure on Post Consumption Emotions and Complaint Behaviors , Kittinand Bandhumasuta
Dissertation: The Impact of Help-Self and Help-Others Appeals Upon Participation in Clinical Research Trials , Susan Lewis Casey
Dissertation: Is Every Tweet Created Equal? A Framework to Identify Relevant Tweets for Business Research , Thad Chee
Dissertation: Three Essays on Mutual Funds, Fund Management Skills, and Investor Sentiment , Feng Dong
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Impact of Institutional Structures on Entrepreneurship: Country Level Analysis , Mehdi Sharifi Khobdeh
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Antecedents and Effects of Internationalizing Out of Emerging and Developed Economies , Mark Robert Mallon
Dissertation: From Placebo to Panacea: Exploring the Influence of Price, Suspicion, and Persuasion Knowledge on Consumers’ Perception of Quality , Vahid Rahmani
Dissertation: Essays on the El Niño Anomaly and Stock Return Predictability , Zhijun Yang
Dissertation: The Effect of XBRL and Social Media on Information Asymmetry: Evidence from Bank Loan Contracts , Dazhi Chong
Dissertation: Two Essays on CEO Inside Debt Holding in Relation to Firm Payout Policy and Financial Reporting , Asligul Erkan
Dissertation: Two Essays on The Internationalization Speed of New Ventures , Orhun Guldiken
Dissertation: Two Essays on Shareholder Base, Firm Behavior, and Firm Value , Yi Jian
Dissertation: Valence or Volume? Maximizing Online Review Influence Across Consumers, Products, and Marketing , Elika Kordrostami
Dissertation: Essays on the Equity Risk Premium , Mohamed Mehdi Rahoui
Dissertation: A Study of the Impact of Information Blackouts on the Bullwhip Effect of a Supply Chain Using Discrete-Event Simulations , Elizabeth Rasnick
Dissertation: Two Essays on Investor Emotions and Their Effects in Financial Markets , Jiancheng Shen
Dissertation: Two Studies on The Use of Information Technology in Collaborative Planning, Forecasting & Replenishment (CPFR) , David McCaw Simmonds
Dissertation: Founder CEOs and Initial Public Offerings: The Role of Narratives, Institutions and Cultural Context , Christina Helen Tupper
Dissertation: Ambidexterity: The Interplay of Supply Chain Management Competencies and Enterprise Resource Planning Systems on Organizational Performance , Serdar Turedi
Dissertation: Two Essays on Short Selling , Zhaobo Zhu
Dissertation: Buying Love Through Social Media: How Different Types Of Incentives Impact Consumers’ Online Sharing Behavior , Yueming Zou
Dissertation: Three Essays on Dividend Policy , Mehmet Deren Caliskan
Dissertation: "The Magic Formula: Scent and Brand"- The Influence of Olfactory Sensory Co-Branding on Consumer Evaluations and Experiences , Ceren Ekebas
Dissertation: The Value of Integrated Information Systems for U.S. General Hospitals , Liuliu Fu
Dissertation: Two Essays on Managerial Horizon, Cash Holdings and Earnings Management , Sanjib Guha
Dissertation: Three Essays on Opportunistic Claiming Behavior in a Services Setting: Customers and Front Line Employees Perspectives , Denis Khantimirov
Dissertation: Spillover Effects of Brand Alliance and Service Experience on Host Brands in Loyalty Program Partnerships , Gulfem Cigdem Kutlu
Dissertation: Measuring Consumer Expectations of Salesperson Unethicality: A Scale Development , Amiee Mellon
Dissertation: Essays on International Risk-Return Trade-Off Relations , Liang Meng
Dissertation: Two Essays on Investor Attention and Asset Pricing , Nadia Asmaa Nafar
Dissertation: International Venture Capital Firms Syndication and Performance: A Social Network Perspective , Amir Pezeshkan
Dissertation: Three Essays on Institutions, Entrepreneurship, and Development , Adam Smith
Dissertation: An Empirical Examination of the Antecedents and Consequences of Earnings Management in Emerging Markets , Shuji Rosey Bao
Dissertation: Dynamic Capabilities and Resilient Organizations Amid Environmental Jolts , Stav Fainshmidt
Dissertation: An Empirical Examination of the Moderators of Direct Versus Indirect Comparative Advertising , Chun-Kai Hsu
Dissertation: Two Essays on Attracting Foreign Direct Investment: From Both a National and Firm Level Perspective , Ryan Lawrence Mason
Dissertation: The Effect of Online Reviews on Attitude and Purchase Intention: How Consumers Respond to Mixed Reviews , Chatdanai Pongpatipat
Dissertation: Three Essays on the Enterprise Strategy for Multinational Firms , Veselina Plamenova Vracheva
Dissertation: The Antecedents and Effects of Strategic Caring: A Cross-National Empirical Study , Thomas Weber
Dissertation: International Banking sector Linkages: Did the Global Financial Crisis Strengthen or Weaken the Linkages? , James Edward Benton
Dissertation: Three Essays on Corporate Liquidity, Financial Crisis, and Real Estate , Kimberly Fowler Luchtenberg
Dissertation: Three Essays on Immigrant Entrepreneurship , Kaveh Moghaddam
Dissertation: The Response of Commercial Banks to Credit Stimuli , Denise Williams Streeter
Dissertation: An Examination of Middle Manager Innovation Behaviors and Institutional Factors Impact on Organizational Innovation in the USA and Mexico , J. Lee Brown III
Dissertation: Essays on Foreign Reverse Mergers and Bond ETF Mispricing , Charles William Duval
Dissertation: Three Essays on Strategic Risk Taking , Krista Burrill Lewellyn
Dissertation: Two Essays on Executive Pay and Firm Performance , Thuong Quang Nguyen
Dissertation: A Study of Risk-Taking Behavior in Investment Banking , Elzotbek Rustambekov
Dissertation: A Study of Failures in the US Banking Industry , Joseph Trendowski
Dissertation: Two Essays on Behavioral Finance , Quang Viet Vu
Dissertation: Three Essays on Individual Currency Traders , Boris Sebastian Abbey
Dissertation: Cross-listing Premium or Market Timing , Moustafa M. Abu El Fadl
Dissertation: Warranty and Price as Quality Signals: The effect of Signal Consistency and Unexpectedness on Product Perception , Sultan Alaswad Alenazi
Dissertation: The Behavior and Choices of Serial Bidders in M&A Transactions: A Prospect Theory Approach , Ahmed Essam El-Din El-Bakry
Dissertation: Two Essays on the Effect of Macroeconomic News on the Stock Market , Ajay Kongera
Dissertation: Intercultural Accommodation of Ethnic Minority Consumers: An Empirical Examination of the Moderating Effects in Service Encounters , Sarah Mady
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Start your free trial with Shopify today—then use these resources to guide you through every step of the process.
Use this free business plan template to write your business plan quickly and efficiently.
A good business plan is essential to successfully starting your business — and the easiest way to simplify the work of writing a business plan is to start with a business plan template.
You’re already investing time and energy in refining your business model and planning your launch—there’s no need to reinvent the wheel when it comes to writing a business plan. Instead, to help build a complete and effective plan, lean on time-tested structures created by other entrepreneurs and startups.
Ahead, learn what it takes to create a solid business plan and download Shopify's free business plan template to get started on your dream today.
This business plan outline is designed to ensure you’re thinking through all of the important facets of starting a new business. It’s intended to help new business owners and entrepreneurs consider the full scope of running a business and identify functional areas they may not have considered or where they may need to level up their skills as they grow.
That said, it may not include the specific details or structure preferred by a potential investor or lender. If your goal with a business plan is to secure funding , check with your target organizations—typically banks or investors—to see if they have business plan templates you can follow to maximize your chances of success.
Our free business plan template includes seven key elements typically found in the traditional business plan format:
This is a one-page summary of your whole plan, typically written after the rest of the plan is completed. The description section of your executive summary will also cover your management team, business objectives and strategy, and other background information about the brand.
This section of your business plan will answer two fundamental questions: “Who are you?” and “What do you plan to do?” Answering these questions clarifies why your company exists, what sets it apart from others, and why it’s a good investment opportunity. This section will detail the reasons for your business’s existence, its goals, and its guiding principles.
What you sell and the most important features of your products or services. It also includes any plans for intellectual property, like patent filings or copyright. If you do market research for new product lines, it will show up in this section of your business plan.
This section includes everything from estimated market size to your target markets and competitive advantage. It’ll include a competitive analysis of your industry to address competitors’ strengths and weaknesses. Market research is an important part of ensuring you have a viable idea.
How you intend to get the word out about your business, and what strategic decisions you’ve made about things like your pricing strategy. It also covers potential customers’ demographics, your sales plan, and your metrics and milestones for success.
Everything that needs to happen to turn your raw materials into products and get them into the hands of your customers.
It’s important to include a look at your financial projections, including both revenue and expense projections. This section includes templates for three key financial statements: an income statement, a balance sheet, and a cash-flow statement . You can also include whether or not you need a business loan and how much you’ll need.
What do financial projections look like on paper? How do you write an executive summary? What should your company description include? Business plan examples can help answer some of these questions and transform your business idea into an actionable plan.
Inside our template, we’ve filled out a sample business plan featuring a fictional ecommerce business .
The sample is set up to help you get a sense of each section and understand how they apply to the planning and evaluation stages of a business plan. If you’re looking for funding, this example won’t be a complete or formal look at business plans, but it will give you a great place to start and notes about where to expand.
A lean business plan format is a shortened version of your more detailed business plan. It’s helpful when modifying your plan for a specific audience, like investors or new hires.
Also known as a one-page business plan, it includes only the most important, need-to-know information, such as:
💡 Tip: For a step-by-step guide to creating a lean business plan (including a sample business plan), read our guide on how to create a lean business plan .
It’s tempting to dive right into execution when you’re excited about a new business or side project, but taking the time to write a thorough business plan and get your thoughts on paper allows you to do a number of beneficial things:
A business plan can be as informal or formal as your situation calls for, but even if you’re a fan of the back-of-the-napkin approach to planning, there are some key benefits to starting your plan from an existing outline or simple business plan template.
A blank page can be intimidating to even the most seasoned writers. Using an established business planning process and template can help you get past the inertia of starting your business plan, and it allows you to skip the work of building an outline from scratch. You can always adjust a template to suit your needs.
If you’ve never sat through a business class, you might never have created a SWOT analysis or financial projections. Templates that offer guidance—in plain language—about how to fill in each section can help you navigate sometimes-daunting business jargon and create a complete and effective plan.
In some cases, you may not need to complete every section of a startup business plan template, but its initial structure shows you you’re choosing to omit a section as opposed to forgetting to include it in the first place.
There are some high-level strategic guidelines beyond the advice included in this free business plan template that can help you write an effective, complete plan while minimizing busywork.
If you’re writing a business plan for yourself in order to get clarity on your ideas and your industry as a whole, you may not need to include the same level of detail or polish you would with a business plan you want to send to potential investors. Knowing who will read your plan will help you decide how much time to spend on it.
Understanding the goals of your plan can help you set the right scope. If your goal is to use the plan as a roadmap for growth, you may invest more time in it than if your goal is to understand the competitive landscape of a new industry.
Writing a 10- to 15-page document can feel daunting, so try to tackle one section at a time. Select a couple of sections you feel most confident writing and start there—you can start on the next few sections once those are complete. Jot down bullet-point notes in each section before you start writing to organize your thoughts and streamline the writing process.
Planning is key to the financial success of any type of business , whether you’re a startup, non-profit, or corporation.
To make sure your efforts are focused on the highest-value parts of your own business planning, like clarifying your goals, setting a strategy, and understanding the target market and competitive landscape, lean on a business plan outline to handle the structure and format for you. Even if you eventually omit sections, you’ll save yourself time and energy by starting with a framework already in place.
What is the purpose of a business plan.
The purpose of your business plan is to describe a new business opportunity or an existing one. It clarifies the business strategy, marketing plan, financial forecasts, potential providers, and more information about the company.
If you need help writing a business plan, Shopify’s template is one of the most beginner-friendly options you’ll find. It’s comprehensive, well-written, and helps you fill out every section.
The five essential parts of a traditional business plan include:
There are several free templates for business plans for small business owners available online, including Shopify’s own version. Download a copy for your business.
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It’s time for a generative AI (gen AI) reset. The initial enthusiasm and flurry of activity in 2023 is giving way to second thoughts and recalibrations as companies realize that capturing gen AI’s enormous potential value is harder than expected .
With 2024 shaping up to be the year for gen AI to prove its value, companies should keep in mind the hard lessons learned with digital and AI transformations: competitive advantage comes from building organizational and technological capabilities to broadly innovate, deploy, and improve solutions at scale—in effect, rewiring the business for distributed digital and AI innovation.
QuantumBlack, McKinsey’s AI arm, helps companies transform using the power of technology, technical expertise, and industry experts. With thousands of practitioners at QuantumBlack (data engineers, data scientists, product managers, designers, and software engineers) and McKinsey (industry and domain experts), we are working to solve the world’s most important AI challenges. QuantumBlack Labs is our center of technology development and client innovation, which has been driving cutting-edge advancements and developments in AI through locations across the globe.
Companies looking to score early wins with gen AI should move quickly. But those hoping that gen AI offers a shortcut past the tough—and necessary—organizational surgery are likely to meet with disappointing results. Launching pilots is (relatively) easy; getting pilots to scale and create meaningful value is hard because they require a broad set of changes to the way work actually gets done.
Let’s briefly look at what this has meant for one Pacific region telecommunications company. The company hired a chief data and AI officer with a mandate to “enable the organization to create value with data and AI.” The chief data and AI officer worked with the business to develop the strategic vision and implement the road map for the use cases. After a scan of domains (that is, customer journeys or functions) and use case opportunities across the enterprise, leadership prioritized the home-servicing/maintenance domain to pilot and then scale as part of a larger sequencing of initiatives. They targeted, in particular, the development of a gen AI tool to help dispatchers and service operators better predict the types of calls and parts needed when servicing homes.
Leadership put in place cross-functional product teams with shared objectives and incentives to build the gen AI tool. As part of an effort to upskill the entire enterprise to better work with data and gen AI tools, they also set up a data and AI academy, which the dispatchers and service operators enrolled in as part of their training. To provide the technology and data underpinnings for gen AI, the chief data and AI officer also selected a large language model (LLM) and cloud provider that could meet the needs of the domain as well as serve other parts of the enterprise. The chief data and AI officer also oversaw the implementation of a data architecture so that the clean and reliable data (including service histories and inventory databases) needed to build the gen AI tool could be delivered quickly and responsibly.
Let’s deliver on the promise of technology from strategy to scale.
Our book Rewired: The McKinsey Guide to Outcompeting in the Age of Digital and AI (Wiley, June 2023) provides a detailed manual on the six capabilities needed to deliver the kind of broad change that harnesses digital and AI technology. In this article, we will explore how to extend each of those capabilities to implement a successful gen AI program at scale. While recognizing that these are still early days and that there is much more to learn, our experience has shown that breaking open the gen AI opportunity requires companies to rewire how they work in the following ways.
The broad excitement around gen AI and its relative ease of use has led to a burst of experimentation across organizations. Most of these initiatives, however, won’t generate a competitive advantage. One bank, for example, bought tens of thousands of GitHub Copilot licenses, but since it didn’t have a clear sense of how to work with the technology, progress was slow. Another unfocused effort we often see is when companies move to incorporate gen AI into their customer service capabilities. Customer service is a commodity capability, not part of the core business, for most companies. While gen AI might help with productivity in such cases, it won’t create a competitive advantage.
To create competitive advantage, companies should first understand the difference between being a “taker” (a user of available tools, often via APIs and subscription services), a “shaper” (an integrator of available models with proprietary data), and a “maker” (a builder of LLMs). For now, the maker approach is too expensive for most companies, so the sweet spot for businesses is implementing a taker model for productivity improvements while building shaper applications for competitive advantage.
Much of gen AI’s near-term value is closely tied to its ability to help people do their current jobs better. In this way, gen AI tools act as copilots that work side by side with an employee, creating an initial block of code that a developer can adapt, for example, or drafting a requisition order for a new part that a maintenance worker in the field can review and submit (see sidebar “Copilot examples across three generative AI archetypes”). This means companies should be focusing on where copilot technology can have the biggest impact on their priority programs.
Some industrial companies, for example, have identified maintenance as a critical domain for their business. Reviewing maintenance reports and spending time with workers on the front lines can help determine where a gen AI copilot could make a big difference, such as in identifying issues with equipment failures quickly and early on. A gen AI copilot can also help identify root causes of truck breakdowns and recommend resolutions much more quickly than usual, as well as act as an ongoing source for best practices or standard operating procedures.
The challenge with copilots is figuring out how to generate revenue from increased productivity. In the case of customer service centers, for example, companies can stop recruiting new agents and use attrition to potentially achieve real financial gains. Defining the plans for how to generate revenue from the increased productivity up front, therefore, is crucial to capturing the value.
Join our colleagues Jessica Lamb and Gayatri Shenai on April 8, as they discuss how companies can navigate the ever-changing world of gen AI.
By now, most companies have a decent understanding of the technical gen AI skills they need, such as model fine-tuning, vector database administration, prompt engineering, and context engineering. In many cases, these are skills that you can train your existing workforce to develop. Those with existing AI and machine learning (ML) capabilities have a strong head start. Data engineers, for example, can learn multimodal processing and vector database management, MLOps (ML operations) engineers can extend their skills to LLMOps (LLM operations), and data scientists can develop prompt engineering, bias detection, and fine-tuning skills.
The following are examples of new skills needed for the successful deployment of generative AI tools:
The learning process can take two to three months to get to a decent level of competence because of the complexities in learning what various LLMs can and can’t do and how best to use them. The coders need to gain experience building software, testing, and validating answers, for example. It took one financial-services company three months to train its best data scientists to a high level of competence. While courses and documentation are available—many LLM providers have boot camps for developers—we have found that the most effective way to build capabilities at scale is through apprenticeship, training people to then train others, and building communities of practitioners. Rotating experts through teams to train others, scheduling regular sessions for people to share learnings, and hosting biweekly documentation review sessions are practices that have proven successful in building communities of practitioners (see sidebar “A sample of new generative AI skills needed”).
It’s important to bear in mind that successful gen AI skills are about more than coding proficiency. Our experience in developing our own gen AI platform, Lilli , showed us that the best gen AI technical talent has design skills to uncover where to focus solutions, contextual understanding to ensure the most relevant and high-quality answers are generated, collaboration skills to work well with knowledge experts (to test and validate answers and develop an appropriate curation approach), strong forensic skills to figure out causes of breakdowns (is the issue the data, the interpretation of the user’s intent, the quality of metadata on embeddings, or something else?), and anticipation skills to conceive of and plan for possible outcomes and to put the right kind of tracking into their code. A pure coder who doesn’t intrinsically have these skills may not be as useful a team member.
While current upskilling is largely based on a “learn on the job” approach, we see a rapid market emerging for people who have learned these skills over the past year. That skill growth is moving quickly. GitHub reported that developers were working on gen AI projects “in big numbers,” and that 65,000 public gen AI projects were created on its platform in 2023—a jump of almost 250 percent over the previous year. If your company is just starting its gen AI journey, you could consider hiring two or three senior engineers who have built a gen AI shaper product for their companies. This could greatly accelerate your efforts.
To ensure that all parts of the business can scale gen AI capabilities, centralizing competencies is a natural first move. The critical focus for this central team will be to develop and put in place protocols and standards to support scale, ensuring that teams can access models while also minimizing risk and containing costs. The team’s work could include, for example, procuring models and prescribing ways to access them, developing standards for data readiness, setting up approved prompt libraries, and allocating resources.
While developing Lilli, our team had its mind on scale when it created an open plug-in architecture and setting standards for how APIs should function and be built. They developed standardized tooling and infrastructure where teams could securely experiment and access a GPT LLM , a gateway with preapproved APIs that teams could access, and a self-serve developer portal. Our goal is that this approach, over time, can help shift “Lilli as a product” (that a handful of teams use to build specific solutions) to “Lilli as a platform” (that teams across the enterprise can access to build other products).
For teams developing gen AI solutions, squad composition will be similar to AI teams but with data engineers and data scientists with gen AI experience and more contributors from risk management, compliance, and legal functions. The general idea of staffing squads with resources that are federated from the different expertise areas will not change, but the skill composition of a gen-AI-intensive squad will.
Building a gen AI model is often relatively straightforward, but making it fully operational at scale is a different matter entirely. We’ve seen engineers build a basic chatbot in a week, but releasing a stable, accurate, and compliant version that scales can take four months. That’s why, our experience shows, the actual model costs may be less than 10 to 15 percent of the total costs of the solution.
Building for scale doesn’t mean building a new technology architecture. But it does mean focusing on a few core decisions that simplify and speed up processes without breaking the bank. Three such decisions stand out:
The ability of a business to generate and scale value from gen AI models will depend on how well it takes advantage of its own data. As with technology, targeted upgrades to existing data architecture are needed to maximize the future strategic benefits of gen AI:
Because many people have concerns about gen AI, the bar on explaining how these tools work is much higher than for most solutions. People who use the tools want to know how they work, not just what they do. So it’s important to invest extra time and money to build trust by ensuring model accuracy and making it easy to check answers.
One insurance company, for example, created a gen AI tool to help manage claims. As part of the tool, it listed all the guardrails that had been put in place, and for each answer provided a link to the sentence or page of the relevant policy documents. The company also used an LLM to generate many variations of the same question to ensure answer consistency. These steps, among others, were critical to helping end users build trust in the tool.
Part of the training for maintenance teams using a gen AI tool should be to help them understand the limitations of models and how best to get the right answers. That includes teaching workers strategies to get to the best answer as fast as possible by starting with broad questions then narrowing them down. This provides the model with more context, and it also helps remove any bias of the people who might think they know the answer already. Having model interfaces that look and feel the same as existing tools also helps users feel less pressured to learn something new each time a new application is introduced.
Getting to scale means that businesses will need to stop building one-off solutions that are hard to use for other similar use cases. One global energy and materials company, for example, has established ease of reuse as a key requirement for all gen AI models, and has found in early iterations that 50 to 60 percent of its components can be reused. This means setting standards for developing gen AI assets (for example, prompts and context) that can be easily reused for other cases.
While many of the risk issues relating to gen AI are evolutions of discussions that were already brewing—for instance, data privacy, security, bias risk, job displacement, and intellectual property protection—gen AI has greatly expanded that risk landscape. Just 21 percent of companies reporting AI adoption say they have established policies governing employees’ use of gen AI technologies.
Similarly, a set of tests for AI/gen AI solutions should be established to demonstrate that data privacy, debiasing, and intellectual property protection are respected. Some organizations, in fact, are proposing to release models accompanied with documentation that details their performance characteristics. Documenting your decisions and rationales can be particularly helpful in conversations with regulators.
In some ways, this article is premature—so much is changing that we’ll likely have a profoundly different understanding of gen AI and its capabilities in a year’s time. But the core truths of finding value and driving change will still apply. How well companies have learned those lessons may largely determine how successful they’ll be in capturing that value.
The authors wish to thank Michael Chui, Juan Couto, Ben Ellencweig, Josh Gartner, Bryce Hall, Holger Harreis, Phil Hudelson, Suzana Iacob, Sid Kamath, Neerav Kingsland, Kitti Lakner, Robert Levin, Matej Macak, Lapo Mori, Alex Peluffo, Aldo Rosales, Erik Roth, Abdul Wahab Shaikh, and Stephen Xu for their contributions to this article.
This article was edited by Barr Seitz, an editorial director in the New York office.
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A dissertation is a long-form piece of academic writing based on original research conducted by you. It is usually submitted as the final step in order to finish a PhD program. Your dissertation is probably the longest piece of writing you've ever completed. It requires solid research, writing, and analysis skills, and it can be intimidating ...
Prize-Winning Thesis and Dissertation Examples. Published on September 9, 2022 by Tegan George.Revised on July 18, 2023. It can be difficult to know where to start when writing your thesis or dissertation.One way to come up with some ideas or maybe even combat writer's block is to check out previous work done by other students on a similar thesis or dissertation topic to yours.
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Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates. Published on June 7, 2022 by Tegan George.Revised on November 21, 2023. A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical early steps in your writing process.It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding the specifics of your dissertation topic and showcasing its relevance to ...
Examples: Business & Management. Below you'll find a sample of business and management-related dissertations and theses covering a range of topics. Title: Interaction Among Supply Chains: Consumers, Firms and Policymakers Author: Yuanchen Li Year: 2020
Table of contents. Step 1: Coming up with an idea. Step 2: Presenting your idea in the introduction. Step 3: Exploring related research in the literature review. Step 4: Describing your methodology. Step 5: Outlining the potential implications of your research. Step 6: Creating a reference list or bibliography.
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The Thesis & Dissertation Office recommends using the PurdueThesis.cls file. Please take note that Overleaf SHOULD NOT be used for writing, editing, or publishing documents or research papers that contain data subject to EAR, ITAR, DFARS Clause 252.204-7012, and other controlled data designators due to the increased security required for these types of data.
The dissertation is the final requirement for the PhD degree. The research required for the dissertation must be of publishable quality and a significant contribution in a scholarly field. The dissertation is evidence of the candidate's proficiency and future potential in research. Students work closely with faculty throughout the program ...
Writing your Dissertation. Overleaf's unofficial Harvard PhD Thesis and Dissertation template was created 3 years ago, please consult the Form of the PhD Dissertation for specifics on formatting your dissertation. We recommend reviewing this sample dissertation and the Top Ten Common Errors provided by the Registrar's Office.
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Writing a proposal or prospectus can be a challenge, but we've compiled some examples for you to get your started. Example #1: "Geographic Representations of the Planet Mars, 1867-1907" by Maria Lane. Example #2: "Individuals and the State in Late Bronze Age Greece: Messenian Perspectives on Mycenaean Society" by Dimitri Nakassis.
Dissertation examples. Listed below are some of the best examples of research projects and dissertations from undergraduate and taught postgraduate students at the University of Leeds We have not been able to gather examples from all schools. The module requirements for research projects may have changed since these examples were written.
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A Multiple Case Study: Male Correctional Officers' Experiences and Attitudes Regarding "Gender Quota" Human Resource Management Strategies in Corrections, Rebecca Jo Patterson. PDF. Quantifying the Value of Renewable Energy as a Hedge Against the Volatility of Natural Gas Prices in Wisconsin, Miodrag Petrovic. PDF.
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Theses/Dissertations from 2023 PDF. Dissertation: Two Essays on Industry Tournament Incentives, Sarah Almisher PDF. Dissertation: Two Essays on Investor Sentiment, Amin Amoulashkarian PDF. Dissertation: Two Essays on Retail Trading, Qiqi Liang PDF. Dissertation: Two Essays in Real Estate Dynamics, Navid Safari PDF. Dissertation: Firm Capabilities, Great Power Competition, and the Structural ...
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The ability of a business to generate and scale value from gen AI models will depend on how well it takes advantage of its own data. As with technology, targeted upgrades to existing data architecture are needed to maximize the future strategic benefits of gen AI: Be targeted in ramping up your data quality and data augmentation efforts.