Effective House Price Prediction Using Machine Learning
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- Jincheng Zhou ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1995-4002 12 ,
- Tao Hai ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6156-1974 12 , 14 ,
- Ezinne C. Maxwell-Chigozie ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-1359 13 ,
- Afolake Adedayo ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4057-3861 13 ,
- Ying Chen 14 ,
- Celestine Iwendi ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-3911 13 &
- Zakaria Boulouard ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4891-3760 15
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In recent times, there have been a surge in the housing business, such that prediction of houses is of utmost important both for the seller and the potential buyer. This has been influenced by several key indices. Many approaches have been used to tackle the issue of predicting house prices to help the house owners and real estate agents maximise their profit while the prospective buyers make better informed decision. This study focuses on building an effective model for the prediction of house prices. Since price is a continuous variable, it was expedient we used regression models. Some regression models like linear regression, Random Forest regressor (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting Regressor (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM) regressor, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Linear regression were employed. The result showed that Random Forest Regressor showed a superior performance having an R2 score of 99.97% while SVM regressor performed poorly with an R2 score of −4.11%. The result proved that Random Forest regressor as an effective machine learning model to predicting house prices.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education of Guizhou University (GZUAMT2022KF[07]), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61862051), the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (No.[2019]1299, No.ZK[2022]449), the Top-notch Talent Program of Guizhou province (No.KY[2018]080), the Natural Science Foundation of Education of Guizhou province(No.[2019]203) and the Funds of Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities (No. qnsy2019rc09). The Educational Department of Guizhou under Grant NO. KY[2019]067.
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Ezinne C. Maxwell-Chigozie, Afolake Adedayo & Celestine Iwendi
School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China
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LIM, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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Zhou, J. et al. (2023). Effective House Price Prediction Using Machine Learning. In: Iwendi, C., Boulouard, Z., Kryvinska, N. (eds) Proceedings of ICACTCE'23 — The International Conference on Advances in Communication Technology and Computer Engineering. ICACTCE 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 735. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37164-6_32
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- DOI: 10.3390/ijgi12050200
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A Survey of Methods and Input Data Types for House Price Prediction
- M. Geerts , S. V. Broucke , Jochen De Weerdt
- Published in ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf. 14 May 2023
- ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf.
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A data-driven approach to predicting melbourne housing prices using advanced machine learning models, machine learning insights: exploring key factors influencing sale-to-list ratio—insights from svm classification and recursive feature selection in the us real estate market, investigation of real estate tax leakage loss rates with anns, revolutionizing house price prediction: harnessing the power of data science and augmented reality, total least squares estimation in hedonic house price models, approaches to improving valuation decision-making: a review of the literature, real estate price estimation through a fuzzy partition-driven genetic algorithm, 107 references, boosting house price predictions using geo-spatial network embedding, exploring, modelling and predicting spatiotemporal variations in house prices, improved methods for predicting property prices in hazard prone dynamic markets, understanding house price appreciation using multi-source big geo-data and machine learning, can geospatial data improve house price indexes a hedonic imputation approach with splines, combining property price predictions from repeat sales and spatially enhanced hedonic regressions, hybrid multilevel star models for hedonic house prices, an online real estate valuation model for control risk taking: a spatial approach, housing price prediction: parametric versus semi-parametric spatial hedonic models, the hierarchical trend model for property valuation and local price indices, related papers.
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Housing price prediction using machine learning algorithms in covid-19 times.
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1. Introduction
1.1. house prices and machine learning, 1.2. house prices and covid-19, 2. materials and methods, 2.1. study area, information sources, and database, 2.2. descriptive statistics, 2.3. methodology, 3.1. model training and optimization, 3.2. model evaluation and selection.
- The difference in performance between the algorithms (in this case being minimal, varying between 0.9135 and 0.9192 (R² score));
- The need to select an algorithm that has no overfitting problems and generalizes well with unseen data (in this case, the xgbm and lgbm algorithms may be good candidates);
- The need to choose an algorithm with low prediction variability in the cross-validation process (low variance) (the gbr algorithm has had the lowest variability);
- The need to consider the necessary times for the training and optimization of the hyperparameters and whether they adapt to the project deadlines (in this case, the xgbm and lgbm algorithms are the best options);
- The need to consider the file sizes of the models required for deployment (in this case, the lgbm algorithm generates the smallest file and the rf and et algorithms generate the largest (77 to 112 times larger than the lgbm algorithm)).
3.3. Model Interpretation
4. discussion, 5. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest, abbreviations.
CART | Classification and Regression Tree |
CECD | Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Regional Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports) |
CHAID | Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector |
DGC | Dirección General de Catastro (Spanish General Directorate of Cadastre) |
DT | Decision Tree |
EPSG | European Petroleum Survey Group |
ETR | Extra-Trees Regressor |
ETRS89 | European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 |
GBR | Gradient Boosting Regressor |
HPM | Hedonic Price Models |
ICV | Institut Cartogràfic Valencià (Valencian Cartographic Institute) |
IDEV | Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales Valenciana (Valencian Spatial Data Infrastructure) |
IDW | Inverse Distance Weighting |
IGN | Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spanish National Geographic Institute) |
INE | Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spanish National Institute of Statistics) |
K-NN | K-Nearest Neighbours |
LGBM | Light Gradient Boosting Machine |
MAE | Mean Absolute Error |
ML | Machine Learning |
MLP-NN | Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network |
MSE | Mean Square Error |
NDVI | Normalized Difference Vegetation Index |
NN | Neural Networks |
OLS | Ordinary Least Squares regression |
PDP | Partial Dependence Plot |
RF | Random Forest |
RMSE | Root Mean Squared Error |
SVM | Support Vector Machines |
USGS | U.S. Geological Survey |
UTM | Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system |
VIF | Variance Inflation Factor |
XGBM | Extreme Gradient Boosting |
Train Set | Test Set | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Features | B | Std. Error | Sig. | VIF | B | Std. Error | Sig. | VIF | |
(Constant) | 394.693 | 7.570 | 0.000 | 390.866 | 4.942 | 0.000 | |||
A_typology | A_flat | reference | reference | ||||||
A_apartment | 0.081 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 1.076 | 0.053 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 1.080 | |
A_penthouse | 0.149 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 1.144 | 0.172 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 1.127 | |
A_duplex | 0.012 | 0.017 | 0.462 | 1.033 | −0.004 | 0.010 | 0.679 | 1.049 | |
A_studio_flat | −0.052 | 0.027 | 0.057 | 1.020 | −0.105 | 0.020 | 0.000 | 1.015 | |
A_loft | 0.231 | 0.027 | 0.000 | 1.018 | 0.204 | 0.020 | 0.000 | 1.008 | |
A_area_m2 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.856 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.872 | |
A_bathrooms | 0.229 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 2.034 | 0.230 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 2.057 | |
A_air_cond | 0.060 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 1.256 | 0.068 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 1.285 | |
A_heating | 0.062 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 1.319 | 0.060 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.326 | |
A_terrace | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.043 | 1.195 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.146 | 1.187 | |
A_new_constr | 0.212 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 1.061 | 0.181 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 1.057 | |
B_elevator | 0.238 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 1.472 | 0.234 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.442 | |
B_parking | 0.075 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 1.653 | 0.057 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.735 | |
B_storeroom | 0.049 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 1.303 | 0.051 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 1.310 | |
B_pool | 0.081 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 1.983 | 0.077 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 2.023 | |
C_coor_X_km | 0.093 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 3.093 | 0.095 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 3.206 | |
C_coor_Y_km | −0.106 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 2.716 | −0.106 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 2.740 | |
D_age_nbhd | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2.606 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2.645 | |
D_dependency | −0.058 | 0.020 | 0.003 | 1.585 | −0.046 | 0.013 | 0.000 | 1.595 | |
D_foreigners | −0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2.347 | −0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2.342 | |
D_net_income | 0.017 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2.695 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2.693 | |
D_d_educ1_km | 0.156 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 1.844 | 0.163 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 1.875 | |
D_d_park_km | −0.094 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 1.713 | −0.092 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 1.705 | |
D_NDVI_150m | −1.813 | 0.084 | 0.000 | 2.664 | −1.826 | 0.056 | 0.000 | 2.731 | |
E_quarter | 2019Q2 | −0.018 | 0.009 | 0.041 | 1.766 | −0.023 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 1.736 |
2019Q3 | −0.024 | 0.009 | 0.005 | 1.872 | −0.030 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 1.854 | |
2019Q4 | −0.022 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 1.974 | −0.020 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 1.940 | |
2020Q1 | −0.011 | 0.008 | 0.178 | 1.987 | −0.011 | 0.005 | 0.037 | 1.959 | |
2020Q2 | reference | reference | |||||||
2020Q3 | −0.020 | 0.008 | 0.018 | 1.974 | −0.016 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 1.979 | |
2020Q4 | −0.014 | 0.008 | 0.072 | 2.125 | −0.012 | 0.005 | 0.021 | 2.066 | |
2021Q1 | −0.007 | 0.008 | 0.367 | 2.122 | −0.010 | 0.005 | 0.067 | 2.066 | |
2021Q2 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.729 | 2.091 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.806 | 2.074 | |
2021Q3 | 0.016 | 0.008 | 0.043 | 2.115 | 0.024 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 2.103 | |
2021Q4 | 0.022 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 2.156 | 0.032 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 2.117 | |
N | 65,905 | 28,119 | |||||||
R | 0.807 | 0.808 | |||||||
Adj. R | 0.807 | 0.808 | |||||||
Std. Error | 0.2810 | 0.2812 | |||||||
F (sig.) | 3461.9 (p < 0.001) | 8147.0 (p < 0.001) | |||||||
Durbin–Watson | 1.742 | 1.705 |
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Category | Features | Values | Feature Descriptions |
---|---|---|---|
Dwelling characteristics (A) | A_typology | (Categories) Flat, Apartment, Penthouse, Duplex, Studio_flat, Loft | Categorical feature identifying the dwelling typology: Flat, apartment, penthouse, duplex, studio flat, or loft |
A_area_m2 | Numerical | Built dwelling surface (sqm), gross square meters of the dwelling | |
A_bedrooms | Numerical | Number of bedrooms in the dwelling | |
A_bathrooms | Numerical | Number of bathrooms (×1) and toilets (×0.5) of the dwelling | |
A_air_cond | With (1), Without (0) | Availability of air conditioning | |
A_heating | With (1), Without (0) | Availability of heating system | |
A_terrace | With (1), Without (0) | Availability of terrace | |
A_new_constr | New construction (1) Not new construction (0) | Newly build housing that can be a project, under construction, or less than 3 years old. | |
Building characteristics (B) | B_elevator | With (1), Without (0) | Availability of elevator |
B_parking | With (1), Without (0) | Availability of garage slot | |
B_storeroom | With (1), Without (0) | Availability of storage room | |
B_pool | With (1), Without (0) | Availability of swimming pool | |
B_garden | With (1), Without (0) | Availability of garden | |
Location characteristics (C) | C_coor_X_km | Numerical | Projected coordinates of the spatial location (in kilometers). Coordinate Reference Systems EPSG:25830, with ETRS89 datum and UTM30N projection |
C_coor_Y_km | Numerical | ||
Neighborhood characteristics (D) | D_age_nbhd | Numerical | Average age of the neighborhood (reference year 2021) |
D_FAR | Numerical | Floor Area Ratio (total building floor area/gross sector area), 150 m around the building, in m² floor area/m² of the sector | |
D_dependency | Numerical | Dependency ratio (sum of the population aged > 64 and <16/population aged 16–64). | |
D_elderly | Numerical | Aging ratio (population aged > 64/population aged < 16) | |
D_foreigners | Numerical | Percentage of foreign population | |
D_net_income | Numerical | Net household income for 2019, in thousand euros | |
D_d_educ1_km | Numerical | Distance from the dwelling to level 1 educational centers (infant and primary), in km | |
D_d_educ2_km | Numerical | Distance from the dwelling to level 2 educational centers (secondary and high school), in km | |
D_d_park_km | Numerical | Distance to urban green spaces (parks), in km | |
D_d_coast_km | Numerical | Distance of the dwelling to the coastline, in km | |
D_NDVI_150m | Numerical | Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Average NDVI in a 150 m area of influence | |
Temporal characteristics (E) | E_quarter | (Categories) 2019Q2, 2019Q3, 2019Q4, 2020Q1, 2020Q2, 2020Q3, 2020Q4, 2021Q1, 2021Q2, 2021Q3 and 2021Q4 | Categorical feature for modeling the time factor in 11 quarters |
Dependent feature | ln_price | Numerical (natural log) | The natural log of the asking price offered by the seller (in Euro). |
Category | Features | Continuous Features | Dummy/Categorical Features | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | Min. | Max. | Coding | Frequency | ||
Dwelling characteristics (A) | A_typology | (Categories) Flat Apartment Penthouse Duplex Studio_flat Loft | 34,073 2758 2397 437 154 124 | ||||
A_area_m2 | 106.0 | 37.6 | 20.0 | 340.0 | |||
A_bedrooms | 2.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 6.0 | |||
A_bathrooms | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 5.0 | |||
A_air_cond | With (1) Without (0) | 19,555 20,388 | |||||
A_heating | With (1) Without (0) | 12,981 26,962 | |||||
A_terrace | With (1) Without (0) | 4820 35,123 | |||||
A_new_constr | New (1) No new (0) | 870 39,073 | |||||
Building characteristics (B) | B_elevator | With (1) Without (0) | 27,600 12,343 | ||||
B_parking | With (1) Without (0) | 13,493 26,450 | |||||
B_storeroom | With (1) Without (0) | 8233 31,710 | |||||
B_pool | With (1) Without (0) | 9259 30,684 | |||||
B_garden | With (1) Without (0) | 4805 35,138 | |||||
Location characteristics (C) | C_coor_X_km | 720.34 | 2.39 | 716.57 | 726.63 | ||
C_coor_Y_km | 4248.35 | 1.44 | 4239.48 | 4252.26 | |||
Neighborhood characteristics (D) | D_age_nbhd | 43.70 | 11.66 | 11.50 | 100.40 | ||
D_FAR | 1.78 | 0.98 | 0.00 | 4.95 | |||
D_dependency | 0.53 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.92 | |||
D_elderly | 1.87 | 1.17 | 0.10 | 6.45 | |||
D_foreigners | 15.90 | 8.39 | 1.70 | 48.00 | |||
D_net_income | 30.08 | 8.87 | 13.61 | 64.96 | |||
D_d_educ1_km | 0.49 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 2.76 | |||
D_d_educ2_km | 0.56 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 5.94 | |||
D_d_park_km | 0.52 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 2.90 | |||
D_d_coast_km | 1.60 | 1.00 | 0.03 | 5.56 | |||
D_NDVI_150m | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.26 | |||
Temporal characteristics (E) (*) | E_quarter | (Categories) 2019Q2 2019Q3 2019Q4 2020Q1 2020Q2 2020Q3 2020Q4 2021Q1 2021Q2 2021Q3 2021Q4 | 6264 7329 8203 8372 7232 8482 9516 9498 9462 9725 9941 | ||||
Dependent feature (*) | ln_price | 11.88 | 0.64 | 9.44 | 14.27 | ||
price | 178,123 | 129,611 | 12,600 | 1,578,000 |
Id | Name | Model | Library |
---|---|---|---|
1 | lr | Linear Regression | sklearn.linear_model.LinearRegression |
2 | rf | Random Forest Regressor | sklearn.ensemble. RandomForestRegressor |
3 | et | Extra Trees Regressor | sklearn.ensemble.ExtraTreesRegressor |
4 | gbr | Gradient Boosting Regressor | sklearn.ensemble. GradientBoostingRegressor |
5 | xgbm | Extreme Gradient Boosting | xgboost.XGBRegressor |
6 | lgbm | Light Gradient Boosting Machine | lightgbm.LGBMRegressor |
Model | Name | Initial Hyperparameters | Hyperparameter Optimization | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Random (200) | Bayesian (100) | Best | |||
Linear Regression | lr | 0.8048 (0.0060) | - | - | - |
Random Forest Regressor | rf | (0.0049) | 0.8869 (0.0037) [time 37 min 56 s] | 0.8855 (0.0038) [time 30 min 11 s] | Initial hyperparameters |
Extra-Trees Regressor | et | (0.0040) | 0.8628 (0.0044) [time 20 min 7 s] | 0.8800 (0.0039) [time 38 min 42 s] | Initial hyperparameters |
Gradient Boosting Regressor | gbr | 0.8581 (0.0054) | 0.9101 (0.0035) [time 53 min 28 s] | (0.0034) [time 39 min 32 s] | Bayesian |
Extreme Gradient Boosting | xgbm | 0.8921 (0.0034) | (0.0041) [time 1 h 3 min 36 s] | 0.9077 (0.0039) [time 45 min 10 s] | Bayesian |
Light Gradient Boosting Machine | lgbm | 0.8864 (0.0042) | 0.9065 (0.0043) [time 28 min 42 s] | (0.0044) [time 16 min 17 s] | Bayesian |
Model | Name | CV-Validation in Training Set (SD) | R² Score | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training Set | Test Set | Overfitting (%) | |||
Linear Regression | lr | 0.8048 (0.0060) | 0.8056 | 0.8052 | - |
Random Forest Regressor | rf | 0.9036 (0.0049) | 0.9970 | 0.9135 | +9.1 |
Extra-Trees Regressor | et | 0.9101 (0.0040) | 0.9997 | 0.9178 | +8.9 |
Gradient Boosting Regressor | gbr | (0.0034) | 0.9952 | ||
Extreme Gradient Boosting | xgbm | 0.9094 (0.0041) | 0.9900 | 0.9178 | +7.9 |
Light Gradient Boosting Machine | lgbm | 0.9076 (0.0044) | 0.9902 | 0.9140 | +8.3 |
Model Name | Test Dataset (30%) | Complete Dataset (Training + Test, 100%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAE | MSE | RMSE | R² | MAE | MSE | RMSE | R² | |
lr | 0.2166 | 0.0797 | 0.2823 | 0.8052 | 0.2163 | 0.0799 | 0.2826 | 0.8055 |
rf | 0.1252 | 0.0354 | 0.1882 | 0.9135 | 0.0178 | 0.0012 | 0.0348 | 0.9971 |
et | 0.0336 | 0.1834 | 0.9178 | 0.0019 | 0.0002 | 0.0142 | 0.9995 | |
gbr | 0.1264 | 0.0364 | 0.0029 | 0.0536 | 0.9930 | |||
xgbm | 0.1298 | 0.0336 | 0.1834 | 0.9178 | 0.0507 | 0.0051 | 0.0714 | 0.9876 |
lgbm | 0.1322 | 0.0352 | 0.1876 | 0.9140 | 0.0525 | 0.0057 | 0.0753 | 0.9862 |
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Mora-Garcia, R.-T.; Cespedes-Lopez, M.-F.; Perez-Sanchez, V.R. Housing Price Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms in COVID-19 Times. Land 2022 , 11 , 2100. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11112100
Mora-Garcia R-T, Cespedes-Lopez M-F, Perez-Sanchez VR. Housing Price Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms in COVID-19 Times. Land . 2022; 11(11):2100. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11112100
Mora-Garcia, Raul-Tomas, Maria-Francisca Cespedes-Lopez, and V. Raul Perez-Sanchez. 2022. "Housing Price Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms in COVID-19 Times" Land 11, no. 11: 2100. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11112100
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Predicting house prices is a challenging task that many researchers have attempted to address. As accurate house prices allow better informing parties in the real estate market, improving housing policies and real estate appraisal, a comprehensive overview of house price prediction strategies is valuable for both research and society. In this work, we present a systematic literature review in ...
Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science. Volume 16, Issue 2, Page 5461, 20 23; Arti cle no.AJRCOS.101262. ISSN: 2581- 8260. Machine Learning Approach for House. Price Prediction. M. Jagan ...
This research aims to identify the best machine learning algorithms to predict house prices, and to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on house prices in a Spanish city.
Our literature review findings suggest that various traditional ML algorithms have been studied; however, there is a need to identify the optimal methodology for house price prediction. For example, Madhuri et al. [ 6 ] compared multiple linear regression, lasso regression, ridge regression, elastic net regression, and gradient boosting ...
A survey. of literature is carried out to analyze the releva nt attribu tes and the most e fficient models to forecast the house prices. The findings of this anal ysis verified the use of the ...
This paper will also comprehensively validate multiple techniques in model implementation on regression and provide an optimistic result for housing price prediction. ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Computer Science 174 (2020) 433â€"442 1877-0509 © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This review paper navigates the multifaceted realm of property price prediction by illuminating its significance and checking the different methodologies and statistical ways employed, therefore fortifying the precision of property price predictions within the ever-evolving real estate terrain. The expectation of property prices stands as a vital pursuit within the real estate geography ...
Keywords: house price prediction; property valuation; real estate appraisal; machine learning; spatial data; systematic literature review 1. Introduction House price prediction, or residential property valuation, is a difficult problem, as real estate valuations do not depend on only physical characteristics of the building itself but
The calibrated residential house price data of 2010 had a mean and standard deviation of 6506 Chinese Yuan ($1001) per square meter and 4683 Chinese Yuan ($702) per square meter. There was a relatively large coefficient of variation, 72%, which led to a potential difficulty for generating accurate predictions of the residential house price.
2 Literature Review. The prediction of house prices has continued to garner several studies among researchers. These studies reflect the underpinning factors influencing the erratic prices and then offer machine learning methods to solve them. discussed influences on the pricing of houses from the primary level such as the size and context. SVM ...
Our literature review findings suggest that various traditional ML algorithms have been studied; however, there is a need to identify the optimal methodol- ogy for house price prediction. For example, Madhuri et al. [6] compared multiple linear ... house price predictions for making informed investment decisions. Recent market trends
A systematic literature review of articles published between 1992 and 2021 presenting a particular technique for house price prediction identified opportunities to include more advanced input data types such as unstructured data and complex spatial data and to introduce deep learning and tailored methods, which could guide further research. Predicting house prices is a challenging task that ...
After a literature review, no consensus has been reached on which machine learning algorithm or algorithms are more suitable for predicting house prices. ... Fan, C.; Cui, Z.; Zhong, X. House Prices Prediction with Machine Learning Algorithms. In Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing, Macau ...
House price prediction is one of the most important factors affecting national real estate policies. However, developing an accurate housing price prediction model is a significant challenge for the real estate market. ... Literature review. In this section, we discuss the existing work on the housing price prediction problem. Here, we mainly ...
Literature review. Our literature review section comprises three parts. We first start our discussions about SVM. First, Support Vector ... B., & Shravani, V. (2019). House price prediction analysis using machine learning. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 7(5), 1483-1492. Google Scholar. UC ...
In this article, literature review focuses on predicting house price based on the model of machine learning as well as analyzing attributes primarily used in previous study that affect house price. This paper was arranged as follows: the ... House Price Prediction using a Machine Learning Model: A Survey of Literature 49
LITERATURE REVIEW We are conducting an analysis of various Machine Learning algorithms in this project to enhance the training of our Machine Learning ... "House Price Prediction via Improved Machine Learning Techniques" ,2019,United States. [3]Fan C,Cui Z,Zohng X ,House Prices Prediction With machine learning Algorthms,2018,ICMLC. [4] ...
Several methods were found in a literature review to predict home prices, and testing the dataset using four regression algorithms is suggested in a study. The Decision Tree method was found to be the best, offering an accuracy level of 86.4%, while Lasso Regression had the lowest accuracy level of 60.32%.
Real estate market analysis plays a crucial role in predicting house prices and rental trends. In recent years, several techniques have been developed to address this challenge, including machine learning (ML) algorithms, data mining approaches, and statistical models. There were a few issues which needed to be solved, like data quality and availability pose significant obstacles. Housing ...
Keywords: House price prediction, Machine Learning, Linear regression. 1. INTRODUCTION: ... LITERATURE REVIEW: i. Survey Existing System: Trends in housing prices indicate the current economic situation and also are a concern to the buyers and sellers. Many factors have an impact on house prices, such as the number of bedrooms and bathrooms.
4th quarter of 2016, I was surprised to read that Bombay housing prices had fallen the most in. the last 4 years. In fact, median resale prices for condos and coops fell 6.3%, marking the first ...
A Literature Review on Using Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict House Prices. Tanmoy Dhar. ... 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429 Volume 9 Issue V May 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com Review on House Price Prediction using Machine Learning Monika Sahu1, Mrs. Awantika Singh2 1 M.tech Scholar, 2Assistant Professor, Computer Science & Engineering ...
The price of the flats in the city is increasing and there is so much of risk to predict the actual price of the house. Our research paper [1] will helps you to predict the price of the house to a good accuracy. The main motive of our research paper is to predict the price [2] of the house by analyzing the customer needs and their financial income.