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Written in 1839 and chosen as the winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer�s Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will marked the beginning of its author�s public recognition and is widely regarded as one of the most brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism. Schopenhauer distinguishes the freedom of acting from the freedom of willing, affirming the former while denying the latter. He portrays human action as thoroughly determined but also argues that the freedom which cannot be established in the sphere of human action is preserved at the level of our innermost being as individuated will, whose reality transcends all dependency on outside factors. This volume offers the text in a previously unpublished translation by Eric F. J. Payne, the leading twentieth-century translator of Schopenhauer into English, together with a historical and philosophical introduction by G�nter Z�ller.


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Arthur Schopenhauer

Essay on the Freedom of the Will (Philosophical Classics) (Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences Winner) Paperback – May 6, 2005

  • Print length 128 pages
  • Language English
  • Publisher Dover Publications
  • Publication date May 6, 2005
  • Dimensions 6.38 x 0.28 x 8.26 inches
  • ISBN-10 0486440117
  • ISBN-13 978-0486440118
  • See all details

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  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Dover Publications; Reprint edition (May 6, 2005)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 128 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0486440117
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0486440118
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 3.99 ounces
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.38 x 0.28 x 8.26 inches
  • #288 in Free Will & Determinism Philosophy
  • #7,604 in History of Philosophy & Schools of Thought

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Arthur schopenhauer.

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Author
 (1788–1860)       
Description German university teacher, philosopher, writer, musicologist and translator
Date of birth/death 22 February 1788  21 September 1860 
Location of birth/death
: :  :  :  :  : 
 (1923–1991) 
Description professor
Date of birth/death 17 May 1923  5 December 1991 
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: :  :  : 

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‘A Crisis Coming’: The Twin Threats to American Democracy

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David Leonhardt

By David Leonhardt

David Leonhardt is a senior writer at The Times who won the Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the Great Recession.

  • Published Sept. 17, 2022 Updated June 21, 2023

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The United States has experienced deep political turmoil several times before over the past century. The Great Depression caused Americans to doubt the country’s economic system. World War II and the Cold War presented threats from global totalitarian movements. The 1960s and ’70s were marred by assassinations, riots, a losing war and a disgraced president.

These earlier periods were each more alarming in some ways than anything that has happened in the United States recently. Yet during each of those previous times of tumult, the basic dynamics of American democracy held firm. Candidates who won the most votes were able to take power and attempt to address the country’s problems.

The current period is different. As a result, the United States today finds itself in a situation with little historical precedent. American democracy is facing two distinct threats, which together represent the most serious challenge to the country’s governing ideals in decades.

The first threat is acute: a growing movement inside one of the country’s two major parties — the Republican Party — to refuse to accept defeat in an election.

The violent Jan. 6, 2021, attack on Congress , meant to prevent the certification of President Biden’s election, was the clearest manifestation of this movement, but it has continued since then. Hundreds of elected Republican officials around the country falsely claim that the 2020 election was rigged. Some of them are running for statewide offices that would oversee future elections, potentially putting them in position to overturn an election in 2024 or beyond.

“There is the possibility, for the first time in American history, that a legitimately elected president will not be able to take office,” said Yascha Mounk, a political scientist at Johns Hopkins University who studies democracy.

Vote Margins by State in Presidential Elections since 1988

Senate representation by state.

Residents of less populated states like Wyoming and North Dakota, who are disproportionately white, have outsize influence.

schopenhauer essay on the freedom of the will

1 voter in Wyoming

has similar representation as

1 voter in North Dakota

6 voters in Connecticut

7 voters in Alabama

18 voters in Michigan

59 voters in California

schopenhauer essay on the freedom of the will

has similar

representation as

Landslides in 2020 House Elections

There were about twice as many districts where a Democratic House candidate won by at least 50 percentage points as there were districts where a Republican candidate won by as much.

schopenhauer essay on the freedom of the will

Landslide (one candidate won

by at least 50 percentage points)

Barbara Lee

Calif. District 13

Jerry Nadler

N.Y. District 10

Diana DeGette

Colo. District 1

Donald Payne Jr.

N.J. District 10

Jesús García

Ill. District 4

schopenhauer essay on the freedom of the will

Landslide (one candidate won by at least 50 percentage points)

Presidential Appointments of Supreme Court Justices

schopenhauer essay on the freedom of the will

Supreme Court appointments

Presidential election winners

Popular vote

Electoral College

Party that nominated a justice

David H. Souter (until 2009)

Clarence Thomas

Ruth Bader Ginsburg (until 2020)

Stephen G. Breyer (until 2022)

John G. Roberts Jr.

Samuel A. Alito Jr.

Sonia Sotomayor

Elena Kagan

Neil M. Gorsuch

Brett M. Kavanaugh

Amy Coney Barrett

Ketanji Brown Jackson

schopenhauer essay on the freedom of the will

Supreme Court

Presidential election

nominated a justice

Souter (until 2009)

Ginsburg (until 2020)

Breyer (until 2022)

State Legislators and Election Lies

The share of Republican state legislators who have taken steps, as of May 2022, to discredit or overturn the 2020 presidential election results

schopenhauer essay on the freedom of the will

Pennsylvania

schopenhauer essay on the freedom of the will

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  1. Schopenhauer, Arthur

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COMMENTS

  1. On the Freedom of the Will

    On the Freedom of the Will. On the Freedom of the Will (German: Ueber die Freiheit des Willens) is an essay presented to the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences in 1838 by Arthur Schopenhauer as a response to the academic question that they had posed: "Is it possible to demonstrate human free will from self-consciousness?"It is one of the constituent essays of his work Die beiden Grundprobleme ...

  2. PDF SCHOPENHAUER Essay on the Freedom of the Will

    knowledge. In other words, freedom is transcendental. And this is also the sense in which I should like to interpret the statement of Malebranche,3 la liberte est un mystere, under whose aegis the present dissertation has attempted to solve the problem set by the Royal Society. 3 [According to Deussen, Schopenhauer's editor, Malebranche did not

  3. Essay on the freedom of the will : Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1788-1860

    Essay on the freedom of the will Bookreader Item Preview ... Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1788-1860. Publication date 1960 Topics Free will and determinism Publisher New York : Liberal Arts Press Collection marygrovecollege; internetarchivebooks; americana; inlibrary; printdisabled Contributor

  4. Essay on the Freedom of the Will

    Books. Essay on the Freedom of the Will. Arthur Schopenhauer, Konstantin Kolenda. Courier Corporation, May 6, 2005 - Philosophy - 103 pages. The winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer's 1839 essay brought its author international recognition. Its brilliant and elegant treatments of free will ...

  5. Arthur Schopenhauer, On the freedom of the will

    Abstract. Schopenhauer's prize essay On the Freedom of Will is one of the classics of Western philosophy, dealing with the question of free will versus determinism. His treatment of the problem of free will is by no means obsolete, containing penetrating reflections relevant to contemporary discussion. The argument of the essay is clearly and ...

  6. Prize essay on the freedom of the will : Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1788

    Prize essay on the freedom of the will Bookreader Item Preview ... Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1788-1860. Publication date 1999 Topics Free will and determinism Publisher Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press Collection internetarchivebooks; inlibrary; printdisabled Contributor

  7. A. Schopenhauer, Essays on Freedom of the Will

    Abstract. Schopenhauer's prize essay On the Freedom of Will is one of the classics of Western philosophy, dealing with the question of free will versus determinism. His treatment of the problem of free will is by no means obsolete, containing penetrating reflections relevant to contemporary discussion. The argument of the essay is clearly and ...

  8. Schopenhauer: Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will

    Description. Written in 1839 and chosen as the winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer's Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will marked the beginning of its author's public recognition and is widely regarded as one of the most brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism ...

  9. Essay on the Freedom of the Will by Arthur Schopenhauer

    807 ratings58 reviews. The winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer's 1839 essay brought its author international recognition. Its brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism elevated it to a classic of Western philosophy, and its penetrating reflections still remain relevant.

  10. Barbara Hannan: Schopenhauer on Freedom of the Will

    Schopenhauer, Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will, p. 15. 21. Ibid, pp. 26-37. 22. Schopenhauer notes that a person's own determining motives may be hidden even from himself --- one of many points on which Schopenhauer either influenced Freud, or simply anticipated Freud. (It seems clear to me that Freud read Schopenhauer, absorbed many of ...

  11. Schopenhauer: Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will

    Arthur Schopenhauer. Cambridge University Press, Apr 22, 1999 - Philosophy - 100 pages. Written in 1839 and chosen as the winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer's Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will marked the beginning of its author's public recognition and is widely regarded as one of ...

  12. Schopenhauer: Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will

    Abstract Written in 1839 and chosen as the winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer's Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will marked the beginning of its author's public recognition and is widely regarded as one of the most brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism.

  13. Essay on the Freedom of the Will (Philosophical Classics) (Royal

    In this brilliantly argued essay, Schopenhauer proves crystal-clearly that freedom of the Will doesn't exist. His arguments are based on a dissection of the concept of freedom and of the essence and the working of the Will. Freedom Freedom is a negative concept, meaning absence of restraint, of necessity, of any cause, of any sufficient ground.

  14. Schopenhauer: Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will

    Schopenhauer's Prize Essay is widely regarded as one of the most brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism. He distinguishes the freedom of acting from the freedom of willing, affirming the former while denying the latter. This volume offers the text in a previously unpublished translation by Eric F.J. Payne, the leading twentieth-century translator of Schopenhauer into ...

  15. PDF File : Essay on the Freedom of the Will.pdf

    Essay on the Freedom of the Will.pdf. Size of this JPG preview of this PDF file: 414 × 600 pixels. Other resolutions: 166 × 240 pixels | 331 × 480 pixels | 887 × 1,285 pixels. Original file ‎ (887 × 1,285 pixels, file size: 3.87 MB, MIME type: application/pdf, 7 pages)

  16. Essay on the Freedom of the Will

    Books. Essay on the Freedom of the Will. Arthur Schopenhauer. Courier Corporation, Mar 2, 2012 - Philosophy - 128 pages. The winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer's 1839 essay brought its author international recognition. Its brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism ...

  17. On the freedom of the will : Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1788-1860 : Free

    Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1788-1860. Publication date 1985 Topics Free will and determinism Publisher Oxford, OX, UK ; New York, NY, USA : Blackwell ... Item Size 239098889. Translation of: Über die Freiheit des menschlichen Willens Reprint. Originally published: Essay on the freedom of the will. New York : Liberal Arts Press, c1960 Bibliography ...

  18. Arthur Schopenhauer, Prize essay on the freedom of the will

    Abstract. Written in 1839 and chosen as the winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer's Prize Essay on the Freedom of the Will marked the beginning of its author's public recognition and is widely regarded as one of the most brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism.

  19. Essay on the freedom of the will. by Arthur Schopenhauer

    Edited by MARC Bot. import existing book. August 4, 2010. Edited by IdentifierBot. added LibraryThing ID. April 1, 2008. Created by an anonymous user. Imported from Scriblio MARC record. Essay on the freedom of the will by Arthur Schopenhauer, 1960, Liberal Arts Press edition, in English.

  20. Kolkata doctor's rape and murder in hospital alarm India

    Early on Friday morning, a 31-year-old female trainee doctor retired to sleep in a seminar hall after a gruelling day at one of India's oldest hospitals. It was the last time she was seen alive ...

  21. Essay On The Freedom Of The Will

    Arthur Schopenhauer. Literary Licensing, LLC, 2011 - Literary Collections - 128 pages. Essay On The Freedom Of The Will by Arthur Schopenhauer is a philosophical treatise that explores the concept of free will and determinism. Schopenhauer argues that free will is an illusion and that all human actions are determined by prior causes.

  22. 'A Crisis Coming': The Twin Threats to American Democracy

    In the Federalist Papers, James Madison equated "a coalition of a majority of the whole society" with "justice and the general good." Alexander Hamilton made similar points, describing ...

  23. Arthur Schopenhauer, Essay on the freedom of the will

    Abstract. The winning entry in a competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, Schopenhauer's 1839 essay brought its author international recognition. Its brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism elevated it to a classic of Western philosophy, and its penetrating reflections still remain relevant.

  24. Independence Day of India, 15 August 2024: History, Significance, Facts

    It was on August 15, 1947, when India finally received Independence after around 90 years of British rule.And today, with the efforts of many freedom fighters and revolutionaries, we proudly call ...