Show that you understand the current state of research on your topic.
The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.
One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.
Download our research proposal template
Discover proofreading & editing
Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.
Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.
Your introduction should:
To guide your introduction , include information about:
As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.
In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:
Following the literature review, restate your main objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.
? or ? , , or research design? | |
, )? ? | |
, , , )? | |
? |
To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.
For example, your results might have implications for:
Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .
Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.
Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.
Download our research schedule template
Research phase | Objectives | Deadline |
---|---|---|
1. Background research and literature review | 20th January | |
2. Research design planning | and data analysis methods | 13th February |
3. Data collection and preparation | with selected participants and code interviews | 24th March |
4. Data analysis | of interview transcripts | 22nd April |
5. Writing | 17th June | |
6. Revision | final work | 28th July |
If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.
Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:
To determine your budget, think about:
If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Methodology
Statistics
Research bias
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.
Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.
A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.
A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.
A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.
All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
McCombes, S. & George, T. (2023, November 21). How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved September 4, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-proposal/
Other students also liked, how to write a problem statement | guide & examples, writing strong research questions | criteria & examples, how to write a literature review | guide, examples, & templates, "i thought ai proofreading was useless but..".
I've been using Scribbr for years now and I know it's a service that won't disappoint. It does a good job spotting mistakes”
What is a research proposal.
A research proposal should present your idea or question and expected outcomes with clarity and definition – the what.
It should also make a case for why your question is significant and what value it will bring to your discipline – the why.
What it shouldn't do is answer the question – that's what your research will do.
Research proposals are significant because Another reason why it formally outlines your intended research. Which means you need to provide details on how you will go about your research, including:
Think of it as a tool that will help you clarify your idea and make conducting your research easier.
Usually no more than 2000 words, but check the requirements of your degree, and your supervisor or research coordinator.
Presenting your idea clearly and concisely demonstrates that you can write this way – an attribute of a potential research candidate that is valued by assessors.
Project title.
Your title should clearly indicate what your proposed research is about.
State the name, department and faculty or school of the academic who has agreed to supervise you. Rest assured, your research supervisor will work with you to refine your research proposal ahead of submission to ensure it meets the needs of your discipline.
Describe your proposed mode of research. Which may be closely linked to your discipline, and is where you will describe the style or format of your research, e.g. data, field research, composition, written work, social performance and mixed media etc.
This is not required for research in the sciences, but your research supervisor will be able to guide you on discipline-specific requirements.
What are you trying to achieve with your research? What is the purpose? This section should reference why you're applying for a research degree. Are you addressing a gap in the current research? Do you want to look at a theory more closely and test it out? Is there something you're trying to prove or disprove? To help you clarify this, think about the potential outcome of your research if you were successful – that is your aim. Make sure that this is a focused statement.
Your objectives will be your aim broken down – the steps to achieving the intended outcome. They are the smaller proof points that will underpin your research's purpose. Be logical in the order of how you present these so that each succeeds the previous, i.e. if you need to achieve 'a' before 'b' before 'c', then make sure you order your objectives a, b, c.
A concise summary of what your research is about. It outlines the key aspects of what you will investigate as well as the expected outcomes. It briefly covers the what, why and how of your research.
A good way to evaluate if you have written a strong synopsis, is to get somebody to read it without reading the rest of your research proposal. Would they know what your research is about?
Now that you have your question clarified, it is time to explain the why. Here, you need to demonstrate an understanding of the current research climate in your area of interest.
Providing context around your research topic through a literature review will show the assessor that you understand current dialogue around your research, and what is published.
Demonstrate you have a strong understanding of the key topics, significant studies and notable researchers in your area of research and how these have contributed to the current landscape.
In this section, you should consider the following:
Draw links between your research and the faculty or school you are applying at, and explain why you have chosen your supervisor, and what research have they or their school done to reinforce and support your own work. Cite these reasons to demonstrate how your research will benefit and contribute to the current body of knowledge.
Provide an overview of the methodology and techniques you will use to conduct your research. Cover what materials and equipment you will use, what theoretical frameworks will you draw on, and how will you collect data.
Highlight why you have chosen this particular methodology, but also why others may not have been as suitable. You need to demonstrate that you have put thought into your approach and why it's the most appropriate way to carry out your research.
It should also highlight potential limitations you anticipate, feasibility within time and other constraints, ethical considerations and how you will address these, as well as general resources.
A work plan is a critical component of your research proposal because it indicates the feasibility of completion within the timeframe and supports you in achieving your objectives throughout your degree.
Consider the milestones you aim to achieve at each stage of your research. A PhD or master's degree by research can take two to four years of full-time study to complete. It might be helpful to offer year one in detail and the following years in broader terms. Ultimately you have to show that your research is likely to be both original and finished – and that you understand the time involved.
Provide details of the resources you will need to carry out your research project. Consider equipment, fieldwork expenses, travel and a proposed budget, to indicate how realistic your research proposal is in terms of financial requirements and whether any adjustments are needed.
Provide a list of references that you've made throughout your research proposal.
New hdr curriculum, find a supervisor.
Search by keyword, topic, location, or supervisor name
Research areas.
Our breadth of expertise across our faculties and schools is supported by deep disciplinary knowledge. We have significant capability in more than 20 major areas of research.
Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, automatically generate references for free.
Published on 30 October 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on 13 June 2023.
A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.
The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:
Literature review.
While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organised and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.
Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, frequently asked questions.
Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .
In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.
Show your reader why your project is interesting, original, and important. | |
Demonstrate your comfort and familiarity with your field. Show that you understand the current state of research on your topic. | |
Make a case for your . Demonstrate that you have carefully thought about the data, tools, and procedures necessary to conduct your research. | |
Confirm that your project is feasible within the timeline of your program or funding deadline. |
The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.
One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.
Download our research proposal template
Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.
Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.
Your introduction should:
To guide your introduction , include information about:
As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.
In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:
Following the literature review, restate your main objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.
? or ? , , or research design? | |
, )? ? | |
, , , )? | |
? |
To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasise again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.
For example, your results might have implications for:
Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .
Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.
Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.
Download our research schedule template
Research phase | Objectives | Deadline |
---|---|---|
1. Background research and literature review | 20th January | |
2. Research design planning | and data analysis methods | 13th February |
3. Data collection and preparation | with selected participants and code interviews | 24th March |
4. Data analysis | of interview transcripts | 22nd April |
5. Writing | 17th June | |
6. Revision | final work | 28th July |
If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.
Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:
To determine your budget, think about:
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement.
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.
Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.
A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.
A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.
A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.
All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.
McCombes, S. & George, T. (2023, June 13). How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved 3 September 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/the-research-process/research-proposal-explained/
Other students also liked, what is a research methodology | steps & tips, what is a literature review | guide, template, & examples, how to write a results section | tips & examples.
Home » Research Proposal – Types, Template and Example
Table of Contents
Research proposal is a document that outlines a proposed research project . It is typically written by researchers, scholars, or students who intend to conduct research to address a specific research question or problem.
Research proposals can vary depending on the nature of the research project and the specific requirements of the funding agency, academic institution, or research program. Here are some common types of research proposals:
This is the most common type of research proposal, which is prepared by students, scholars, or researchers to seek approval and funding for an academic research project. It includes all the essential components mentioned earlier, such as the introduction, literature review , methodology , and expected outcomes.
A grant proposal is specifically designed to secure funding from external sources, such as government agencies, foundations, or private organizations. It typically includes additional sections, such as a detailed budget, project timeline, evaluation plan, and a description of the project’s alignment with the funding agency’s priorities and objectives.
Students pursuing a master’s or doctoral degree often need to submit a proposal outlining their intended research for their dissertation or thesis. These proposals are usually more extensive and comprehensive, including an in-depth literature review, theoretical framework, research questions or hypotheses, and a detailed methodology.
This type of proposal is often prepared by researchers or research teams within an organization or institution. It outlines a specific research project that aims to address a particular problem, explore a specific area of interest, or provide insights for decision-making. Research project proposals may include sections on project management, collaboration, and dissemination of results.
Researchers or scholars applying for research fellowships may be required to submit a proposal outlining their proposed research project. These proposals often emphasize the novelty and significance of the research and its alignment with the goals and objectives of the fellowship program.
In cases where researchers from multiple institutions or disciplines collaborate on a research project, a collaborative research proposal is prepared. This proposal highlights the objectives, responsibilities, and contributions of each collaborator, as well as the overall research plan and coordination mechanisms.
A research proposal typically follows a standard outline that helps structure the document and ensure all essential components are included. While the specific headings and subheadings may vary slightly depending on the requirements of your institution or funding agency, the following outline provides a general structure for a research proposal:
———————————————————————————————–
Here’s an example of a research proposal to give you an idea of how it can be structured:
Title: The Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Well-being: A Mixed-Methods Study
This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of social media on the well-being of adolescents. The study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data. The research objectives include examining the relationship between social media use and mental health, exploring the role of peer influence in shaping online behaviors, and identifying strategies for promoting healthy social media use among adolescents. The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of the effects of social media on adolescent well-being and inform the development of targeted interventions.
1. Introduction
1.1 Background and Context:
Adolescents today are immersed in social media platforms, which have become integral to their daily lives. However, concerns have been raised about the potential negative impact of social media on their well-being, including increased rates of depression, anxiety, and body dissatisfaction. It is crucial to investigate this phenomenon further and understand the underlying mechanisms to develop effective strategies for promoting healthy social media use among adolescents.
1.2 Research Objectives:
The main objectives of this study are:
2. Literature Review
Extensive research has been conducted on the impact of social media on adolescents. Existing literature suggests that excessive social media use can contribute to negative outcomes, such as low self-esteem, cyberbullying, and addictive behaviors. However, some studies have also highlighted the positive aspects of social media, such as providing opportunities for self-expression and social support. This study will build upon this literature by incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches to gain a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between social media and adolescent well-being.
3. Methodology
3.1 Research Design:
This study will adopt a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The quantitative phase will involve administering standardized questionnaires to a representative sample of adolescents to assess their social media use, mental health indicators, and perceived social support. The qualitative phase will include in-depth interviews with a subset of participants to explore their experiences, motivations, and perceptions related to social media use.
3.2 Data Collection Methods:
Quantitative data will be collected through an online survey distributed to schools in the target region. The survey will include validated scales to measure social media use, mental health outcomes, and perceived social support. Qualitative data will be collected through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of participants. The interviews will be audio-recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis.
3.3 Data Analysis:
Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis to examine the relationships between variables. Qualitative data will be analyzed thematically to identify common themes and patterns within participants’ narratives. Integration of quantitative and qualitative findings will provide a comprehensive understanding of the research questions.
4. Timeline
The research project will be conducted over a period of 12 months, divided into specific phases, including literature review, study design, data collection, analysis, and report writing. A detailed timeline outlining the key milestones and activities is provided in Appendix A.
5. Expected Outcomes and Significance
This study aims to contribute to the existing literature on the impact of social media on adolescent well-being by employing a mixed-methods approach. The findings will inform the development of evidence-based interventions and guidelines to promote healthy social media use among adolescents. This research has the potential to benefit adolescents, parents, educators, and policymakers by providing insights into the complex relationship between social media and well-being and offering strategies for fostering positive online experiences.
6. Resources
The resources required for this research include access to a representative sample of adolescents, research assistants for data collection, statistical software for data analysis, and funding to cover survey administration and participant incentives. Ethical considerations will be taken into account, ensuring participant confidentiality and obtaining informed consent.
7. References
Writing a research proposal can be a complex task, but with proper guidance and organization, you can create a compelling and well-structured proposal. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:
The length of a research proposal can vary depending on the specific guidelines provided by your institution or funding agency. However, research proposals typically range from 1,500 to 3,000 words, excluding references and any additional supporting documents.
The purpose of a research proposal is to outline and communicate your research project to others, such as academic institutions, funding agencies, or potential collaborators. It serves several important purposes:
The research proposal holds significant importance in the research process. Here are some key reasons why research proposals are important:
The timing of when to write a research proposal can vary depending on the specific requirements and circumstances. However, here are a few common situations when it is appropriate to write a research proposal:
Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer
In this step you will discuss what are the outputs of your project. How will they be used and by who?
Project Types We Cover
Academic Fields & Subjects
By: Henrique Bertulino
When it comes to grasping the art of crafting a research proposal, it is crucial to prioritize clarity and precision. A research proposal holds significant importance in the realm of academia. It serves as a valuable tool to secure funding and support for your work. This guide is designed to help you understand how to write a research proposal that is both engaging and impactful.
What is it used for.
Research methodology:, data collection:, data analysis:, budget and funding:, significance and expected outcomes:, conclusion:, references:, what is a research proposal.
Research proposal
A research proposal is a document outlining the objectives, methodology, and significance of a research project. It is crucial as it provides a clear roadmap for conducting the research, ensuring that it is well-planned, feasible, and contributes to existing knowledge in the field.
A well-crafted proposal is more than just a formal document; it serves a critical purpose in the world of academia. Understanding its role and importance is key to grasping the essence of research proposal writing.
A research proposal serves as a roadmap for the course of your studies, outlining the "what," "why," and "how" of your study. Here's why it's indispensable:
Research proposals have diverse applications across various domains:
In essence, it is a versatile tool that plays a pivotal role in setting the course for your academic endeavors, gaining approval, securing resources, and making a meaningful contribution to your field of study.
Writing a research proposal involves adhering to a specific format that ensures clarity, coherence, and effectiveness in conveying your study intentions. This format provides a clear structure that allows readers to navigate through your proposal seamlessly. While specific guidelines may vary depending on your academic institution or the requirements of a funding agency, a typical proposal comprises the following sections:
Adhering to this structured format ensures that your proposal is well-organized, easy to read, and effectively communicates the research plan to your intended audience, whether it's your academic advisor, a review committee, or a funding agency. Always check the specific guidelines provided by the institution or organization to which you are submitting your proposal, as requirements may vary.
1. define your research topic and objectives.
Identify a question or problem that aligns with your academic or career goals. Clearly establish objectives for your study.
Review existing research in your field to understand the current knowledge. Identify gaps and areas needing further exploration.
Formulate a specific research question. If applicable, create a hypothesis to test in your study.
Outline the study's strategy, data collection methods, and analysis techniques. Justify your chosen methodology based on the study's objectives.
Develop a realistic timeline with milestones and deadlines.
Introduce your topic, its significance, and context. Clearly state the question and hypothesis.
Summarize key findings from your literature review . Discuss relevant theories, concepts, and gaps in the literature.
Describe your study's methodology, explaining its suitability. Address ethical considerations if relevant.
Create a budget outlining estimated project costs. Specify potential funding sources.
Summarize key points and the proposal's significance. List all cited references following the appropriate citation style.
Thoroughly review for errors in grammar, spelling, and formatting.
Obtain feedback from mentors or colleagues to refine your proposal.
By following these steps, you can create a well-structured and effective proposal.
Understanding the impact of online learning on student performance.
Submitted by: [Name] Institutional Affiliation: [University/Institution] Date: [Date of Submission] Abstract:
This proposal aims to investigate the influence of online learning methods on student academic performance in higher education. It seeks to address the growing trend of online education and its implications for student success. The proposed study will include a thorough literature review, data collection via surveys and interviews, and a thorough analysis of the collected data. The expected outcome is a better understanding of the factors that affect student performance in online learning environments and the development of strategies to improve outcomes.
The shift toward online education has transformed the landscape of higher education in recent years. With the advent of technology and the internet, more institutions are offering courses and degree programs online, providing students with greater flexibility and accessibility. However, this shift also raises questions about the impact of online learning on student performance. This proposal seeks to address this concern by investigating the following questions:
This literature review will survey the studies that have looked at the effects of online education on students' grades. It will explore studies that have investigated factors such as:
The review will also consider studies that compare online and traditional learning environments to identify similarities and differences in the factors influencing student performance.
Participants: The research will involve undergraduate and graduate students from various academic disciplines enrolled in online courses at our institution. A random sample of 500 students will be selected to participate in surveys, and 30 students will be interviewed for in-depth insights.
Data will be collected through online surveys, which will include questions related to student demographics, motivation, study habits, technology access, and their experiences with online learning. Interviews will be conducted with selected participants to gather qualitative data on their perceptions and challenges.
Quantitative data from surveys will be analyzed using statistical software to identify correlations and patterns. Qualitative data from interviews will be transcribed and thematically analyzed to extract key themes and insights.
Literature Review | [Month 1-2] |
Survey Development and Data Collection | [Month 3-4] |
Interviews | [Month 5] |
Data Analysis | [Month 6-8] |
Report Writing | [Month 9-10] |
This project does not require external funding, as it will be conducted within the existing resources and facilities of our institution.
This study aims to provide valuable insights into the factors affecting student performance in online learning environments. The findings will contribute to the development of effective strategies for enhancing student success in online courses, which is particularly relevant in today's educational landscape.
This proposal outlines a comprehensive study aimed at understanding the impact of online learning on student performance. By examining various factors and conducting both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we anticipate shedding light on critical issues related to online education and providing practical recommendations for improving the learning experience and outcomes of online students.
[List of cited sources following APA citation style.]
By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can create a compelling proposal that stands out and increases your chances of securing funding and support for your study. Remember that a well-prepared proposal is often the first step toward a successful project.
What is the best way to make a schedule and budget for my proposal, how to write expected results in research proposal, what should be included in a research proposal.
User ratings:
User ratings is 4.7 stars.
4.7 /5 ( 117 Votes)
Head of Customer Success
I'm a medical doctor and brand manager. The process of getting into Med school and studying at it made me learn and apply many strategies to keep my productivity high while spending less time and effort. As a working student, I had to figure out how to study smarter, not harder. During this period, my interest in neurology and psychiatry, as well as my aspiration to help others, intensified. At Studybay, I use my knowledge, skills, and experience to develop helpful solutions for students and make their study paths more productive and fun.
Add Your Comment
We are very interested to know your opinion
Upgrade your writing skills!
Try our AI essay writer from Studybay today!
Your research proposal is the most important part of your PhD application. The proposal is a short and coherent summary of your intended research project. Your proposal is used to assess the quality and originality of your research idea, as well as its overall feasibility as a PhD project. It’s also an opportunity for your potential supervisor to assess your suitability for PhD study, and whether you’re able to communicate your ideas clearly and concisely.
We’ve put together a brief guide to help you write your research proposal. This advice is intended to be general and may need to be adapted according to the required format for your subject area.
Don’t forget that you should contact a potential supervisor before you submit your final research proposal- either to the University or any relevant funding bodies. They will help you ensure that your proposal is in the right format and covers all the essential points.
Generally, a good research proposal needs to include the following elements:
An initial title
It’s a good idea to provide a proposed title for your research project, as this provides a very short summation of your intended research. This first title is not set in stone; the focus of your project may shift as your research progresses and it may be necessary to amend your title accordingly.
A general overview of your area of study
You should begin your proposal by briefly identifying and summarising the subject you intend to research. It may be useful to refer briefly to the ways in which your academic background will enhance your ability to undertake a project in this area.
Put it into context
Put your research into context- how does it fit into existing theories and what literature currently exists around your subject area? Demonstrate an understanding of:
This will demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of your intended research topic.
An introduction of your key research questions
Specify what your proposal will address in particular and what your aims and objectives are. It may be useful to outline one or two core questions that you intend to answer.
Your intended research methods
You should outline the methodology you intend to use. For example, are you going to consult a particular collection in the archives, or will you be conducting group interviews? If you plan to collect data, what method will you use to obtain it?
In this section, it may be useful to:
A prediction of the expected outcomes of your research
You should conclude your proposal by addressing your predicted outcomes. What are you hoping to prove/disprove? Indicate how you envisage your research will contribute to debates and discussions in your particular subject area:
It’s important to remember that your PhD proposal is not the finished article and you are not bound to your initial research idea. As your PhD progresses, you may find that the focus of your research shifts, in part or entirely. Bibliography
We’d recommend including a bibliography listing the books, articles and web pages you consulted to write your proposal. Make sure this is presented in a standard and consistent format, such as Harvard.
For your formal application to the University, your research proposal should be 1-2 pages long. Proposals for funding applications will probably have strict word counts, so make sure you stick to these!
It is important to remember that the research proposal is judged not only on content, but also on form. It must:
We use essential cookies to make Venngage work. By clicking “Accept All Cookies”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts.
Manage Cookies
Cookies and similar technologies collect certain information about how you’re using our website. Some of them are essential, and without them you wouldn’t be able to use Venngage. But others are optional, and you get to choose whether we use them or not.
Strictly Necessary Cookies
These cookies are always on, as they’re essential for making Venngage work, and making it safe. Without these cookies, services you’ve asked for can’t be provided.
Show cookie providers
Functionality Cookies
These cookies help us provide enhanced functionality and personalisation, and remember your settings. They may be set by us or by third party providers.
Performance Cookies
These cookies help us analyze how many people are using Venngage, where they come from and how they're using it. If you opt out of these cookies, we can’t get feedback to make Venngage better for you and all our users.
Targeting Cookies
These cookies are set by our advertising partners to track your activity and show you relevant Venngage ads on other sites as you browse the internet.
Blog Business How to Write a Research Proposal: A Step-by-Step
Written by: Danesh Ramuthi Nov 29, 2023
A research proposal is a structured outline for a planned study on a specific topic. It serves as a roadmap, guiding researchers through the process of converting their research idea into a feasible project.
The aim of a research proposal is multifold: it articulates the research problem, establishes a theoretical framework, outlines the research methodology and highlights the potential significance of the study. Importantly, it’s a critical tool for scholars seeking grant funding or approval for their research projects.
Crafting a good research proposal requires not only understanding your research topic and methodological approaches but also the ability to present your ideas clearly and persuasively. Explore Venngage’s Proposal Maker and Research Proposals Templates to begin your journey in writing a compelling research proposal.
In a research proposal, include a clear statement of your research question or problem, along with an explanation of its significance. This should be followed by a literature review that situates your proposed study within the context of existing research.
Your proposal should also outline the research methodology, detailing how you plan to conduct your study, including data collection and analysis methods.
Additionally, include a theoretical framework that guides your research approach, a timeline or research schedule, and a budget if applicable. It’s important to also address the anticipated outcomes and potential implications of your study. A well-structured research proposal will clearly communicate your research objectives, methods and significance to the readers.
Formatting a research proposal involves adhering to a structured outline to ensure clarity and coherence. While specific requirements may vary, a standard research proposal typically includes the following elements:
Writing a research proposal template in structured steps ensures a comprehensive and coherent presentation of your research project. Let’s look at the explanation for each of the steps here:
Step 1: title and abstract.
Select a concise, descriptive title and write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology and expected outcomes. The abstract should include your research question, the objectives you aim to achieve, the methodology you plan to employ and the anticipated outcomes.
In this section, introduce the topic of your research, emphasizing its significance and relevance to the field. Articulate the research problem or question in clear terms and provide background context, which should include an overview of previous research in the field.
Here, you’ll need to outline specific, clear and achievable objectives that align with your research problem. These objectives should be well-defined, focused and measurable, serving as the guiding pillars for your study. They help in establishing what you intend to accomplish through your research and provide a clear direction for your investigation.
In this part, conduct a thorough review of existing literature related to your research topic. This involves a detailed summary of key findings and major contributions from previous research. Identify existing gaps in the literature and articulate how your research aims to fill these gaps. The literature review not only shows your grasp of the subject matter but also how your research will contribute new insights or perspectives to the field.
Describe the design of your research and the methodologies you will employ. This should include detailed information on data collection methods, instruments to be used and analysis techniques. Justify the appropriateness of these methods for your research.
Construct a detailed timeline that maps out the major milestones and activities of your research project. Break the entire research process into smaller, manageable tasks and assign realistic time frames to each. This timeline should cover everything from the initial research phase to the final submission, including periods for data collection, analysis and report writing.
It helps in ensuring your project stays on track and demonstrates to reviewers that you have a well-thought-out plan for completing your research efficiently.
Identify all the resources that will be required for your research, such as specific databases, laboratory equipment, software or funding. Provide details on how these resources will be accessed or acquired.
If your research requires funding, explain how it will be utilized effectively to support various aspects of the project.
Address any ethical issues that may arise during your research. This is particularly important for research involving human subjects. Describe the measures you will take to ensure ethical standards are maintained, such as obtaining informed consent, ensuring participant privacy, and adhering to data protection regulations.
Here, in this section you should reassure reviewers that you are committed to conducting your research responsibly and ethically.
Articulate the expected outcomes or results of your research. Explain the potential impact and significance of these outcomes, whether in advancing academic knowledge, influencing policy or addressing specific societal or practical issues.
Compile a comprehensive list of all the references cited in your proposal. Adhere to a consistent citation style (like APA or MLA) throughout your document. The reference section not only gives credit to the original authors of your sourced information but also strengthens the credibility of your proposal.
Include additional supporting materials that are pertinent to your research proposal. This can be survey questionnaires, interview guides, detailed data analysis plans or any supplementary information that supports the main text.
Appendices provide further depth to your proposal, showcasing the thoroughness of your preparation.
1. how long should a research proposal be.
The length of a research proposal can vary depending on the requirements of the academic institution, funding body or specific guidelines provided. Generally, research proposals range from 500 to 1500 words or about one to a few pages long. It’s important to provide enough detail to clearly convey your research idea, objectives and methodology, while being concise. Always check
The research plan is pivotal to a research project because it acts as a blueprint, guiding every phase of the study. It outlines the objectives, methodology, timeline and expected outcomes, providing a structured approach and ensuring that the research is systematically conducted.
A well-crafted plan helps in identifying potential challenges, allocating resources efficiently and maintaining focus on the research goals. It is also essential for communicating the project’s feasibility and importance to stakeholders, such as funding bodies or academic supervisors.
Mastering how to write a research proposal is an essential skill for any scholar, whether in social and behavioral sciences, academic writing or any field requiring scholarly research. From this article, you have learned key components, from the literature review to the research design, helping you develop a persuasive and well-structured proposal.
Remember, a good research proposal not only highlights your proposed research and methodology but also demonstrates its relevance and potential impact.
For additional support, consider utilizing Venngage’s Proposal Maker and Research Proposals Templates , valuable tools in crafting a compelling proposal that stands out.
Whether it’s for grant funding, a research paper or a dissertation proposal, these resources can assist in transforming your research idea into a successful submission.
Discover popular designs
Infographic maker
Brochure maker
White paper online
Newsletter creator
Flyer maker
Timeline maker
Letterhead maker
Mind map maker
Ebook maker
Some of the researchers will find difficult to write the expected outcome in their research proposal. It is not easy to give an assurance about something before we experience it.
Writing the expected outcome shall be done by clearly understanding about the research topic that we are working and we have to think about how we are able to provide the solution for this research.
The expected outcome should be written with the valuable solutions for the problem that we are working in our research. We should be able to write the exact solution that our research will be providing.
In order to write about the exact solution of our research in the expected outcome we need to have a wide knowledge and understanding in the research process.
To write the expected outcome considers the following features:
1) Depending on the problem statement:
We used to consider a research as the good research only when the research work is for the much needed solution.
We used to choose the topic for the research by analyzing the existing research. Likewise, the research is done by analyzing one specific problem to work in our research.
We need to read and to deeply analyses the missing gaps in the recent year’s existing journals. The missing gap from our analysis is considered as the problem of the existing research.
We have to choose that kind of problem that shall be worked in our research to provide the solution. The solution will be the expected outcome in the research that we process.
The better problem statement will provide the better solution in the research. So the selection of appropriate problem from the existing research is very much important to provide the expected solution for sure in the research proposal.
2) Bringing a better solution.
As we have discussed in the previous section the better problem statement will provide the better solution. The solution is considered as the better solution when there is more weight age for the problem that we have chosen.
Much needed results for the society and for the surroundings is found only when we work for the unresolved problem of the existing research.
The analyzing of problem statement is the important part of the research work and so this is considered as the seed for the research work.
The seed called as the problem shall be germinated by producing any minimal solution but the seed has to produce a big tree and so the problem has to provide the wide solution stating the major unsaid problem of the research field.
The effective solution from the existing research problem statement is considered as the expected outcome.
The solution that we consider as the expected solution should identify the exact expected solution in the final outcome of the project end stage and so with that much proper knowledge and confidence we have to write the expected solution.
3) Unique problem and unique solution.
The problem statement that we mentioned in our research proposal should explore the minds of the readers and in such a way we need to analyses the problem from the existing research.
The problem statement that we have considered has to be in a unique way where there should not be any repetition.
The unique problem denotes the finding of new problem from the existing researches that is needed to be worked and once the problem is worked to provide the solution we must have huge possible changes in the research field.
There will be many possible solutions the research problem will be providing in the research field but we need to work by thriving to get one important solution.
That solution that we extract from the conducting of research has to be unique and become more essential for the problem that we analyzed.
The unique solution must rectify the analyzed problem and should provide the benefits in the field of research.
One unique problem will provide the unique solution so as to fulfill the requirements of the problem that we have analyzed while doing the research to bring the expected outcome.
We have to work on the problem that should be able to provide the solution by understanding the purpose of the research so as to provide the expected solution for the research work.
4) Benefits of the research.
The solution that we are going to provide for the problem that we are working in our research gives lot of new changes in the research field.
The new changes are considered as the benefits that are produced by the solution for the problem we conducted research.
Expected solution of the research must have enormous advantages in the research field and also we should be able to utilize the solution to some sectors that is in relevant to the research field.
The benefits of the research that we are going to conduct have to create the futuristic scope in the research field. By analyzing the scope of our research many researches should come forward to conduct research in our research field.
The research benefit should create some impact in the field of research. We have to bring out the idea on the expected outcome in our research proposal by highlighting the possible benefits that we are able to get from the research solution.
5) Novel information produced.
By referring all the previously existing research journals we have to gather the required information that are needed for our research work to provide the solution for the addressed problem.
The referred information should be cited with the reference journal from where we had gathered the information needed.
We need to produce some novel information in our research work and contribute that novel information to the research field.
As we contribute the new findings of our research in the research field the future researchers will make use of them for their future endeavors in conducting research.
So we must have the thought of bringing some innovation in the field that we conduct our research work and so we have to write the expected outcomes by considering the factors of providing innovation.
Before starting a project or any activity in an organization, there’s always a need to share this idea. Sharing it to a group would result in a much more outstanding proposition. Take, for example, a proposal for a project which needs to be evaluated and thought over before its implementation.
Creating proposals needs a lot of thinking. There are numerous factors that need to be speculated. It needs to be discussed and of course, be approved by someone of high position. Writing grant proposals are very significant too, for this is mostly what the executives will be taking note of.
Sample proposal example.
Size: A4, US
Size: 76.3 KB
Size: US, A4
Research proposal template.
Size: 52.7 KB
Size: 47.8 KB
Size: 46.7 KB
Size: 42 KB
Size: 294 KB
Size: 13 KB
Size: 43 KB
Size: 90 KB
It project proposal template.
Size: 45 KB
Size: 100 KB
Size: 114 KB
Size: 88.4 KB
Size: 133 KB
Size: 307 KB
Size: 21 KB
Size: 125 KB
Size: 203 KB
Business proposal template.
Size: 101 KB
Size: 150 KB
Size: 36 KB
Size: 174 KB
Size: 188 KB
Size: 219 KB
Thesis proposal template.
Size: 80 KB
Size: 30 KB
Size: 118 KB
Size: 15 KB
Size: 25 KB
Dissertation proposal template.
Size: 124 KB
Size: 51 KB
Size: 160 KB
Size: 41 KB
Proposal introduction letter example.
Size: 518 KB
Size: 82 KB
Size: 64 KB
Simple budget proposal template.
Size: 49 KB
Size: 52 KB
Size: 356 KB
Size: 237 KB
Conference sponsorship example.
Size: 363 KB
Size: 195 KB
Size: 131 KB
Cultural event proposal example.
Size: 139 KB
Size: 32 KB
Size: 152 KB
Technical and financial proposal example.
Size: 212 KB
Size: 230 KB
Size: 94 KB
Technical paper example.
Size: 435 KB
Size: 176 KB
Size: 57 KB
Database project example.
Size: 671 KB
Size: 1015 KB
Filmmaking grant proposal.
Size: 374 KB
Size: 207 KB
Digital marketing proposal.
Size: 654 KB
Final report example.
Size: 745 KB
Size: 530 KB
Sales business proposal.
Size: 39 KB
Size: 309 KB
Size: 182 KB
Training program proposal.
Size: 157 KB
Size: 130 KB
Proposal examples are written propositions that are addressed to clients or by any department to its head executives. It contains ideas that would be beneficial to an organization. There are many types of proposals, such as a budget proposal and event proposal.
Proposals aim to be approved by the people involved. Writing a proposal , you have to ensure that all is well thought of. It is important for a proposal to be organized, structured, complete, and clear. You can make proposals in a way you see best and most understandable.
One type of proposal is the business proposal . This proposal aims to grab a client to invest in their organization. These proposals mostly address clients, who would potentially purchase goods and services.
There are no specific formats for a business proposal. What matters is its content that delivers a complete and clear concept. Its important elements are:
The length of the proposal is insignificant. It focuses more on how information is communicated.
Writing a proposal is a skill. Though it’s an easy way out to just follow proposal examples , it’s different when making an original one. Don’t get discouraged, we have prepared a few samples for your reference. Plus, here are tips and guidelines to make your proposal effective and more attractive.
Aside from business proposals , there are other kinds of proposals that anyone can encounter, such as a research proposal. What is a research proposal?
A research proposal is the written proposal for a research paper that aims to convince the reader that there is a need for a research study to be conducted and needs financial aid for the research to be successful. You may also see non-profit proposal examples & samples . Research proposals present all that will be done during the research, what it is for, and what benefits are expected to be achieved at the end.
There are organizations that operate with the purpose of serving the people and not for profit accumulation, like charities, government branches, foundations, and trusts. You may also like partnership proposal examples & samples . Therefore, to acquire funds that are needed for that organization, grants have to be issued.
A grant proposal is a document requesting funds to achieve a certain undertaking. These kinds of design proposals are used by any government entity asking for monetary assistance to be prepared for operations like improving roads, building facilities that would benefit the society, scholarships, research, charities or cases wherein a calamity has devastatingly affected a community.
Reaching this point, you have seen different types of proposals. To better understand, here are brief summaries of the different types of proposals:
1. Unsolicited Proposal: Unsolicited proposals are proposals where no instructions regarding submission of proposals are made but are submitted anyway to catch the potential sponsor’s interest. Some business loan proposals are unsolicited and may be submitted anytime.
2. Solicited Proposal: Solicited proposals is a response to any specific program that is issued by any organization. Proposals of this kind usually have deadlines. Take a look at the security proposal examples that are online for more.
3. Supplemental Proposal: There are instances that the current budget is not enough for the current project. To acquire more funds, a request for an increase in the budget is made in the form of a supplemental proposal.
4. Competing Renewal Proposal: A proposal is made to request sponsors for continued funding for a project proposal that is about to terminate. These type of proposals are like newly-made proposals that need to be approved in the same manner as the new one.
5. Non-competing Proposal: This type of proposal is a request for the succeeding year’s funding, including the progress report of the project, the budget, etc. It also has the schedule of duties, changes or updates, and other relevant information about the project. You may also see grant proposal examples .
1. define a proposal..
A proposal is a written plan or a suggestion put forward for consideration by others. It is mostly formal. Business proposals are sent to the prospective client to obtain specific jobs. Also used by a seller, who writes to a buyer to know if he/she wants to buy certain services/goods from the seller.
Proposals are a way to pitch an idea and state your requirements. It is important because it provides information in writing and you can act knowing the implications of your choices and decisions. Proposals help in making a structured and logical argument to lay down every idea and point in your favor.
Proposals must cover the following:
Preparing a winning proposal means that you are writing for the client and are proving a clear solution to their issues. Not every proposal you make is accepted by the client, so make sure that you make it from the point of view that is beneficial to the client.
The best way to conclude a proposal can be:
Text prompt
Generate a proposal for a new school recycling program
Compose a proposal for a school field trip to a science museum.
COMMENTS
The Expected Outcome section serves to articulate the anticipated results and findings of the proposed research study. It provides a detailed preview of what you expect to achieve, contributing to the overall understanding and significance of the research. This clarity is crucial for reviewers to understand the potential impact of your study.
Research Proposal Sample Structure. Title: The title should present a concise and descriptive statement that clearly conveys the core idea of the research projects. Make it as specific as possible. The reader should immediately be able to grasp the core idea of the intended research project. ... Expected Outcomes and Implications: ...
Writing about the expected results of your study in your proposal is a good idea as it can help to establish the significance of your study. On the basis of the problems you have identified and your proposed methodology, you can describe what results can be expected from your research. It's not possible for you to predict the exact outcome of ...
Qualitative Outcomes. Qualitative outcomes focus on descriptive data and insights. An example could be improved student engagement and participation in class discussions. These outcomes are often gathered through interviews, observations, or open-ended surveys, offering a deeper understanding of the research impact.
The Expected Outcomes Section contains these features. 1. An explanation of how the proposal will address the needs shown in the Statement of the Problem; 2. An explanation of the benefits that will be realized if the proposal is accepted; 3. Clear information about WHO will benefit and HOW they will benefit from the proposal; 4.
Tips for Writing Expected Outcomes and Impact. Be Specific: Clearly outline the specific results or changes that you expect to achieve as a result of your proposal. Quantifiable outcomes are particularly impactful. Connect to Goals: Tie the expected outcomes back to the overarching goals and objectives of the proposal.
Here is an explanation of each step: 1. Title and Abstract. Choose a concise and descriptive title that reflects the essence of your research. Write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It should provide a brief overview of your proposal. 2.
• The expected outcomes relate to the aims of the project. Do: When you write your proposal, ... WRiting a ReseaRch PRoPosal 99 A few examples here will give you the general idea: In Brazil In market towns In one-to-one teaching lessons In the sixteenth century Contemporary trends
How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & ...
If you absolutely have to quote an author ad verbatim, then make sure that you use quotation marks and italics to indicate it. Abstract. An abstract is a brief summary written in the same style as the rest of your application. It will provide the reader with the main points and conclusion of your proposal. 6.
A quality example of a research proposal shows one's above-average analytical skills, including the ability to coherently synthesize ideas and integrate lateral and vertical thinking. Communication skills. The proposal also demonstrates your proficiency to communicate your thoughts in concise and precise language.
Research Proposals in a Nutshell: The basic purposes of all research proposals are to convince the reader that: the research project has clear objectives; the research project is worth doing (it is significant / important in some sense and will make an original contribution to knowledge / understanding in the field)
In a brief research proposal (e.g. 300 words) a comprehensive literature survey is not expected, but it is important to locate your proposal within the context of current academic research. Finally, the proposal should indicate what the expected outcomes of the research are. It may be, for example, a solution to a problem or a new methodology.
A research proposal should present your idea or question and expected outcomes with clarity and definition - the what. It should also make a case for why your question is significant and what value it will bring to your discipline - the why. What it shouldn't do is answer the question - that's what your research will do.
Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: 'A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management' Example research proposal #2: 'Medical Students as Mediators of ...
Academic Research Proposal. This is the most common type of research proposal, which is prepared by students, scholars, or researchers to seek approval and funding for an academic research project. It includes all the essential components mentioned earlier, such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, and expected outcomes.
What should be in expected outcomes and an example. What Is an Outcome and an Expected Outcome? | HHS. Description of an expected outcome. ... AJE. How to write about implications of your research. << Previous: Step 4: Description of Suggested Study Site/Context and Why it Was Selected ; Next: Step 6: References >> Last Updated: Aug 7, 2024 12: ...
The results need not be accurate but should define what is the overall outcome expected from your proposed research. For example, if you propose to study cross amyloidogenesis between two proteins using transgenic models, you expect to find whether the cross amyloidogenesis exists or not. Related reading: Avoiding rejection of grant proposals ...
The expected outcome is a better understanding of the factors that affect student performance in online learning environments and the development of strategies to improve outcomes. Research Proposal Introduction Example: The shift toward online education has transformed the landscape of higher education in recent years.
This will demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of your intended research topic. Specify what your proposal will address in particular and what your aims and objectives are. It may be useful to outline one or two core questions that you intend to answer. You should outline the methodology you intend to use.
Step 1: Title and Abstract. Select a concise, descriptive title and write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology and expected outcomes . The abstract should include your research question, the objectives you aim to achieve, the methodology you plan to employ and the anticipated outcomes.
A well-constructed Expected Outcome section enhances the overall quality of the research proposal, making a compelling case for the significance and feasibility of the proposed study.
To write the expected outcome considers the following features: 1) Depending on the problem statement: We used to consider a research as the good research only when the research work is for the much needed solution. We used to choose the topic for the research by analyzing the existing research. Likewise, the research is done by analyzing one ...
1. Define a Proposal. A proposal is a written plan or a suggestion put forward for consideration by others. It is mostly formal. Business proposals are sent to the prospective client to obtain specific jobs. Also used by a seller, who writes to a buyer to know if he/she wants to buy certain services/goods from the seller.