how to solve case study in business law

Business Law Case Studies with Solutions

• Post author: myspeakhr
• Post category: Case Study
• Reading time: 5 mins read

Discussed here is the Business Law Case Studies with Solutions. Business Law is also known as Legal Aspects of Business, Commercial Law etc. Here we have given short case studies along with solutions in business law. These simple case law in commercial law contains cases related to Contract Act 1872, Sale of goods Act and Consumer protection Act with solutions. All the 3 Acts discussed here is majorly used in business transactions. These short case studies on commercial law with answers will be helpful for students of MBA, BBA, B.com and Law. These case studies and solutions are explained in very simple words without much difficult legal terms for the benefit of the students.

Below is the Business Law Case Studies with Solutions.

I. Indian Contract Act Case Studies

1. case study on basic contract act.

“A gives an offer in the newspaper for the sale of his HP laptop for Rs. 15000. He also stated that Those who are willing to purchase can send a message to his mobile.”” In this simple case consider the following situation and discuss the solution:

a) B was interested to purchase the laptop and sent a message stating that he wish to purchase for 12000. Was it an acceptance is given by B-

No it was not an acceptance It can be termed as counter offer. If feasible A has to give acceptance.

b) B was interested to purchase the same but he asked C to message on behalf of B. and C messaged as follows

“My friend B is interested to purchase your laptop for 15000”  . Here is this a valid Acceptance? is A binded by the acceptance.

No this is not a valid acceptance. The acceptance needs to be given by the accept-or itself. Hence A is not binded by the action of C.

c)  B who is much interested in purchasing the laptop had called Mr.A and given the acceptance through his phone. Is A obliged for acceptance given by B.

The acceptance must the given by the mode prescribed by the offer-or only. Hence in the given case the acceptance given by B through telephone is not an acceptance.

2. Case study on Valid Contract

Mr. X invited Mr. Y his business partner for X’s sisters marriage. Y accepted the invitation in this ground X booked a table in a costly hotel where the marriage takes place. Due to some reason Y could not attend the function. What type of contact is this. Is this a valid contract. Justify your answer.

This is not a valid contract on the following basis:

a. This is a social agreement. The agreement is not created with an intention to create legal relationship rather to create a social relationship.

b. There is no consideration involved in the contract hence it is not a valid contract.

II. Consumer Protection Act Case Studies

3. case study on who is a consumer.

a. Mr. A bought a printer from an electronics store for using it at home. The TV was defective. Is Mr. A a consumer?

Yes Mr. A is a consumer as he purchased the printer for his own use.

b. Balu is a distributor for computer accessories. He bought 100 pen-drives for selling to other computer vendors. Is Balu a consumer?

Balu is not a consumer as he has obtained accessories for resale.

4. Case study on Restrictive and Unfair trade practices

Mr. X went to a electronic shop to purchase a TV for his newly built house. He asked the information about Samsung 40 inches LED TV to the shop keeper. The shop keeper being a dealer of other brands misguide the customer stating that Samsung had planned to stop the production of 40 Inch LED TV’s. The shopkeeper made the customer believed the same and advice him to purchase some other brand.

The act of Shop keeper is Restrictive trade practice or Unfair trade practices?

The act of shopkeeper is a unfair trade practice as he had mislead the customer with a motive to increase his sale.

III. Sale of Goods Act 1930 Case studies

5. case study on sale or agreement to sell.

On 1st March 2017, Alex agreed to sell his car to Beny for Rs. 80,000. It was agreed between themselves that the ownership of the car will transfer to B on 31st March 2017. when the car is gets registered in Beny`s name. Justify whether it is sale or agreement to sell.

It is an agreement to sell and it will become sale on 31st March when the car is registered in the name of Beny.

6. Case study on Warranty

Anay purchased a second hand typewriter from Balu. Anay used it for sometime and also spend some money on its repairs. The typewriter turned out to be stolen one and as such Anay had to return it to the true owner chand. Is it a breach of Warranty or not. What remedy will Anay get?.

It is a breach of warranty. It is a implied warranty as to quite possession. It was held that Anay could recover damages from Balu amounting to the price paid and the cost of repair.

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Free and Accurate Law School Case Briefs

Want to ace your law school exams? Our case briefs can help! Based on the most popular casebooks, they provide a concise breakdown of key case elements to help you navigate your readings and take better notes. By streamlining your casebook study process, our summaries can improve your outlines and increase your chances of earning top grades. Plus, you can trust that you're studying the right material for class. Start boosting your law school success with our case briefs today!

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elizabeth arden sales corp., cramer v. starr, crawford v. marion county election board, crawford v. washington, creasy v. rusk, credit bureau enterprises, inc. v. russell n. pelo, crisci v. security insurance co., crumpton v. humana, inc., cruzan v. director, missouri department of health, cullison v. medley, cundick v. broadbent, curtis publishing co. v. butts, curtis v. loether, curto v. a country place condominium association, cutter v. wilkinson, cyberchron corp. v. calldata systems development, inc., complete guide to case briefs.

Law students use case briefings to prepare for lectures, readings, exams, and the natural world of practice. Students adopting the Socratic or "case method" of instruction will find this particularly useful.

The case method is frequently used in first-year law classes instead of lecturing students on the law. They instead use in-depth questions on the reading to spark discussion amongst the class. The questions are meant to help students develop their capacity for critical reading and analysis and their grasp of the subject matter.

Although it may be nerve-wracking to have a professor call on you to "recite" material about a case, the case teaching method promotes more in-depth preparation for class. In addition, it helps students hone their oral presentation skills. Self-education in new areas of law is essential, as is the ability to answer challenging inquiries from judges and superiors confidently. Your classes and other law school activities will be the initial training grounds for developing these abilities.

What is Case Briefing?

The term "briefing" refers to extracting the most relevant parts of a judicial ruling and writing them up in a concise summary for use in courses that employ the case method of instruction.

There is more than one benefit to putting together these summaries in writing.

• First, you'll need to be an avid and critical reader for your briefing. Briefing the case requires carefully reading the court's ruling and identifying key points and supporting details. To be helpful, case briefs need to include just the right amount of detail without overwhelming the reader. Choosing what to include and in what depth can be challenging and time-consuming at first, but it helps you develop skills and judgment that will serve you well later.
• Second, you can anticipate your teacher's inquiries with the information provided in the briefing. After briefing a case, you will have a deeper comprehension and retention of the subject, and you will have your case summary available for future reference. The questions posed by your professor will test your knowledge of the case at hand and your speculations about the precedent it may set. The doctrine of stare decisis states that courts must make conclusions in light of earlier rulings. Predicting when a case will supply the rule for future disputes is a crucial part of case analysis and briefing and an important part of a lawyer's job. This will depend on whether or not the new case shares any crucial similarities with the old one.
• Third, course outlines, which are crucial in preparation for a law school exam, are built from the raw information provided by case briefs. Effective case analysis requires knowing how a case works on the inside, comparing that case to a new situation with similar facts to see if it will provide the rule for the new situation, synthesizing multiple cases to get a unified, coherent, and possibly complex set of rules in an area of law, and applying the unified rules to new facts to predict an outcome.

Therefore, case briefs are a valuable teaching resource. However, professors typically do not require students to submit the case briefs they have students write as part of their preparation for class.

How to Write a Case Brief?

Even though there is some variance in how students (and lawyers) draft case briefs, the following sections are usual, after identifying information for the individual sections, you should assess the links between them.

References to cases are "citations" and are short summaries of information found in secondary legal sources. Later in the year, you'll learn the correct citation format, but for now, be sure to include the following in your case briefs: Basic publication information, such as the case reporter volume, reporter abbreviation, and first-page number of the opinion (e.g., 889 N.E.2d141), the court that decided the case (e.g., Ohio App.), and the year it was decided.

Name of the Parties

The name of the case (typically the last names of the opposing parties, e.g., Cole v. Turer).

Facts of the Case

Include who filed suit against whom and under what legal basis in the preceding section. In addition, include the outcome of the case, any appeals, and any notable procedural developments that occurred in the lower court(s).

Focus on the essential facts that determined the verdict. Next, you must determine which pieces of evidence the court relied upon most heavily. Factors in the case, party attributes, and the dispute's procedure are all examples of what could fall under this category. After reading the whole opinion, rather than as you go along, it is frequently easier to determine which facts are crucial.

A fact contributing to the outcome will remain relevant in similar situations. You can better evaluate the decision's implications for similar situations in the future if you isolate the relevant facts. For example, suppose the presence of a given set of circumstances in a future case makes applying a particular set of legal rules or consequences likely. In that case, you should be able to anticipate the rulings of the new court. Furthermore, you must know which facts entail the various principles studied throughout the semester to succeed on law school tests that consist of hypothetical fact situations.

Be specific enough in your summary of the major information to serve as a reminder to yourself later, but don't get bogged down in the weeds to the point that you lose sight of the forest for the trees. In making their decisions, courts frequently provide context-setting or otherwise fascinating or odd elements that aren't always important to the case.

Pinpoint the precise area of law at issue. For example, most published opinions are those of the courts of appeal; hence, the matter will likely involve correcting a mistake made by the lower court.

The court will often indicate the issue it is weighing. Nonetheless, it is important to compare the court's interpretation of the issue with the rest of the ruling. For example, you may find that the court's formulation of the issue is too broad, too narrow, or too particular for your needs. Therefore, each issue that the court considered should be briefed independently.

Your issue needs to avoid being either too broad or too narrow. Many argue that the holding constitutes the issue at hand and that if you pin down the holding first, you'll have a much easier time formulating your issue statement.

This case's holding should not only declare the outcome of the disagreement but also explain how that outcome contributes to the existing body of law in the field. To avoid cluttering the canon with unimportant rulings, courts should only publish those that significantly alter the status quo or apply settled law to novel situations. Take into account the new "case rule."

The challenge of deciding how broadly or narrowly to articulate the holding arises. Because the new rule will appear to apply to many instances, the relevance of the case may be overstated if it is framed in very general language. On the other hand, if the decision is framed in a way that makes it seem to apply to situations with identical or somewhat similar facts, its future relevance may be understated.

Summarize how and why the court reached its verdict. Explain the court's reasoning for its ruling and how it applied the law to the case's specifics. In addition, outline any policy concerns (such as those underlying the existing rules, the broader domain of law, or even greater social principles) on which the court relied, whether directly or implicitly.

As you compose this part, remember that case briefing has a specific purpose. Take care to detail the parts of the court's analysis that will help you determine if the same rationale and underlying policy concerns would apply to a new set of facts, even if it's been three months since you first read the case. Consider how different the circumstances would need to be for the same conclusion to be true in a fresh scenario.

Concurrences and Dissents

All opinions in the casebook, both in agreement and disagreement, should be addressed in your brief. It is important to keep your summary concise, as concurrences and dissents in casebook opinions are typically much shorter than the majority opinion. Explain in great detail why the court mandated a second writing task.

What the Case Study Method Really Teaches

by Nitin Nohria

Summary .   

It’s been 100 years since Harvard Business School began using the case study method. Beyond teaching specific subject matter, the case study method excels in instilling meta-skills in students. This article explains the importance of seven such skills: preparation, discernment, bias recognition, judgement, collaboration, curiosity, and self-confidence.

During my decade as dean of Harvard Business School, I spent hundreds of hours talking with our alumni. To enliven these conversations, I relied on a favorite question: “What was the most important thing you learned from your time in our MBA program?”

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Law Case Study – How To Answer Case Studies in Law

One of the major challenges students have in business law and other law courses are answering questions under the case study. In this article, I will explain how to answer any law case study question following the same rule you are aware of and which is generally recommended. The IRAC or IDAC Principle.

Law Case Study Tips

IRAC Principle is an acronym which depicts,

“I” for Identification

“R” for Rule(s)

“A” for Analysis

“C” for Conclusion

While the IDAC Principle depicts the same but “D” stands for Definition.

Law Case Study – Question 1

Chuddy requested Kris to transport goods from Lagos to Darlington’s estate in Enugu state for the sum of N200,000.00. Kris replied that he was only prepared to transport the goods for N300,000.00.

Chuddy wrote back to Kris asking him to reconsider the initial price, but Kris did not reply to his letter. Two days later, Chuddy delivered the goods to the business premises of Kris, who transported them to Darlington’s Estate in Enugu State.

Chuddy has refused to pay the N300,000.00 demand by Kris, saying that there was no concluded contract. Advise the party using relevant authorities.

 [Question 1, First Semester Exam 2014/2015. BAM – YABATECH]

ANSWER/SOLUTION

Let’s make use of the IRAC Principle to answer this question, but before this, let me quickly explain how it works.

“I” – Identification.

First of all, you need to identify under which law the case falls, if it is LAW OF CONTRACT then you consider the elements of the law of contract which are Offer, Acceptance, Consideration, Invitation to treat etc…

• So, from the case above, after reading the question/case, you’ll find out that it is AN OFFER . An offer is a definite undertaking with the expectation that it will become binding when the person accepts but since there was no acceptance between Chuddy and Kris, it means that the offer was terminated.

“R” – Rules

From the above rule, we can say that the offer is a counter-offer because the terms [amount involved] were not accepted by both parties which also means that it was rejected.

So, what are the rules for termination of an offer?

• An offer can be terminated through or by Revocation by rejection, the death of either party, the lapse of time and counter-offer [it varies the terms of an offer]

 “A” – Analysis

By Analysis, you are expected to analyze the case study on some facts and principles that are similar in the area of law . [Always remember to lay emphasis on established facts and principles]

Since we have identified the rules applicable stating that it is a counter-offer and it was rejected then let’s see what it means.

• Counter Offer: In a nutshell, counter offer varies the terms of an offer
• By rejection: It means the offeree did not accept the terms of the offer.

“C” – Conclusion

Here, you are expected to conclude your judgment based on legal facts and principles you have identified. Your conclusion should also entail which party has the right to sue or succeed if the matter is taken to court for legal actions.

• So, since a counteroffer cannot give rise to a binding agreement, it means that Kris should not take the issue to court because, by the means of a counteroffer, there was no agreement between both parties.

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4 thoughts on “Law Case Study – How To Answer Case Studies in Law”

Thanks bro…. Bless you too

Wonderful! Am excited that u are doing this bro. God bless u

Nice one bro, good breakdown

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Home » Case Study – Methods, Examples and Guide

Case Study – Methods, Examples and Guide

Table of Contents

A case study is a research method that involves an in-depth examination and analysis of a particular phenomenon or case, such as an individual, organization, community, event, or situation.

It is a qualitative research approach that aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the case being studied. Case studies typically involve multiple sources of data, including interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts, which are analyzed using various techniques, such as content analysis, thematic analysis, and grounded theory. The findings of a case study are often used to develop theories, inform policy or practice, or generate new research questions.

Types of Case Study

Types and Methods of Case Study are as follows:

Single-Case Study

A single-case study is an in-depth analysis of a single case. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to understand a specific phenomenon in detail.

For Example , A researcher might conduct a single-case study on a particular individual to understand their experiences with a particular health condition or a specific organization to explore their management practices. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as content analysis or thematic analysis. The findings of a single-case study are often used to generate new research questions, develop theories, or inform policy or practice.

Multiple-Case Study

A multiple-case study involves the analysis of several cases that are similar in nature. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to identify similarities and differences between the cases.

For Example, a researcher might conduct a multiple-case study on several companies to explore the factors that contribute to their success or failure. The researcher collects data from each case, compares and contrasts the findings, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as comparative analysis or pattern-matching. The findings of a multiple-case study can be used to develop theories, inform policy or practice, or generate new research questions.

Exploratory Case Study

An exploratory case study is used to explore a new or understudied phenomenon. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to generate hypotheses or theories about the phenomenon.

For Example, a researcher might conduct an exploratory case study on a new technology to understand its potential impact on society. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as grounded theory or content analysis. The findings of an exploratory case study can be used to generate new research questions, develop theories, or inform policy or practice.

Descriptive Case Study

A descriptive case study is used to describe a particular phenomenon in detail. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to provide a comprehensive account of the phenomenon.

For Example, a researcher might conduct a descriptive case study on a particular community to understand its social and economic characteristics. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as content analysis or thematic analysis. The findings of a descriptive case study can be used to inform policy or practice or generate new research questions.

Instrumental Case Study

An instrumental case study is used to understand a particular phenomenon that is instrumental in achieving a particular goal. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to understand the role of the phenomenon in achieving the goal.

For Example, a researcher might conduct an instrumental case study on a particular policy to understand its impact on achieving a particular goal, such as reducing poverty. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as content analysis or thematic analysis. The findings of an instrumental case study can be used to inform policy or practice or generate new research questions.

Case Study Data Collection Methods

Here are some common data collection methods for case studies:

Interviews involve asking questions to individuals who have knowledge or experience relevant to the case study. Interviews can be structured (where the same questions are asked to all participants) or unstructured (where the interviewer follows up on the responses with further questions). Interviews can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing.

Observations

Observations involve watching and recording the behavior and activities of individuals or groups relevant to the case study. Observations can be participant (where the researcher actively participates in the activities) or non-participant (where the researcher observes from a distance). Observations can be recorded using notes, audio or video recordings, or photographs.

Documents can be used as a source of information for case studies. Documents can include reports, memos, emails, letters, and other written materials related to the case study. Documents can be collected from the case study participants or from public sources.

Surveys involve asking a set of questions to a sample of individuals relevant to the case study. Surveys can be administered in person, over the phone, through mail or email, or online. Surveys can be used to gather information on attitudes, opinions, or behaviors related to the case study.

Artifacts are physical objects relevant to the case study. Artifacts can include tools, equipment, products, or other objects that provide insights into the case study phenomenon.

How to conduct Case Study Research

Conducting a case study research involves several steps that need to be followed to ensure the quality and rigor of the study. Here are the steps to conduct case study research:

• Define the research questions: The first step in conducting a case study research is to define the research questions. The research questions should be specific, measurable, and relevant to the case study phenomenon under investigation.
• Select the case: The next step is to select the case or cases to be studied. The case should be relevant to the research questions and should provide rich and diverse data that can be used to answer the research questions.
• Collect data: Data can be collected using various methods, such as interviews, observations, documents, surveys, and artifacts. The data collection method should be selected based on the research questions and the nature of the case study phenomenon.
• Analyze the data: The data collected from the case study should be analyzed using various techniques, such as content analysis, thematic analysis, or grounded theory. The analysis should be guided by the research questions and should aim to provide insights and conclusions relevant to the research questions.
• Draw conclusions: The conclusions drawn from the case study should be based on the data analysis and should be relevant to the research questions. The conclusions should be supported by evidence and should be clearly stated.
• Validate the findings: The findings of the case study should be validated by reviewing the data and the analysis with participants or other experts in the field. This helps to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.
• Write the report: The final step is to write the report of the case study research. The report should provide a clear description of the case study phenomenon, the research questions, the data collection methods, the data analysis, the findings, and the conclusions. The report should be written in a clear and concise manner and should follow the guidelines for academic writing.

Examples of Case Study

Here are some examples of case study research:

• The Hawthorne Studies : Conducted between 1924 and 1932, the Hawthorne Studies were a series of case studies conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues to examine the impact of work environment on employee productivity. The studies were conducted at the Hawthorne Works plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago and included interviews, observations, and experiments.
• The Stanford Prison Experiment: Conducted in 1971, the Stanford Prison Experiment was a case study conducted by Philip Zimbardo to examine the psychological effects of power and authority. The study involved simulating a prison environment and assigning participants to the role of guards or prisoners. The study was controversial due to the ethical issues it raised.
• The Challenger Disaster: The Challenger Disaster was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986. The study included interviews, observations, and analysis of data to identify the technical, organizational, and cultural factors that contributed to the disaster.
• The Enron Scandal: The Enron Scandal was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the Enron Corporation’s bankruptcy in 2001. The study included interviews, analysis of financial data, and review of documents to identify the accounting practices, corporate culture, and ethical issues that led to the company’s downfall.
• The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster : The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the nuclear accident that occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan in 2011. The study included interviews, analysis of data, and review of documents to identify the technical, organizational, and cultural factors that contributed to the disaster.

Application of Case Study

Case studies have a wide range of applications across various fields and industries. Here are some examples:

Business and Management

Case studies are widely used in business and management to examine real-life situations and develop problem-solving skills. Case studies can help students and professionals to develop a deep understanding of business concepts, theories, and best practices.

Case studies are used in healthcare to examine patient care, treatment options, and outcomes. Case studies can help healthcare professionals to develop critical thinking skills, diagnose complex medical conditions, and develop effective treatment plans.

Case studies are used in education to examine teaching and learning practices. Case studies can help educators to develop effective teaching strategies, evaluate student progress, and identify areas for improvement.

Social Sciences

Case studies are widely used in social sciences to examine human behavior, social phenomena, and cultural practices. Case studies can help researchers to develop theories, test hypotheses, and gain insights into complex social issues.

Law and Ethics

Case studies are used in law and ethics to examine legal and ethical dilemmas. Case studies can help lawyers, policymakers, and ethical professionals to develop critical thinking skills, analyze complex cases, and make informed decisions.

Purpose of Case Study

The purpose of a case study is to provide a detailed analysis of a specific phenomenon, issue, or problem in its real-life context. A case study is a qualitative research method that involves the in-depth exploration and analysis of a particular case, which can be an individual, group, organization, event, or community.

The primary purpose of a case study is to generate a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the case, including its history, context, and dynamics. Case studies can help researchers to identify and examine the underlying factors, processes, and mechanisms that contribute to the case and its outcomes. This can help to develop a more accurate and detailed understanding of the case, which can inform future research, practice, or policy.

Case studies can also serve other purposes, including:

• Illustrating a theory or concept: Case studies can be used to illustrate and explain theoretical concepts and frameworks, providing concrete examples of how they can be applied in real-life situations.
• Developing hypotheses: Case studies can help to generate hypotheses about the causal relationships between different factors and outcomes, which can be tested through further research.
• Providing insight into complex issues: Case studies can provide insights into complex and multifaceted issues, which may be difficult to understand through other research methods.
• Informing practice or policy: Case studies can be used to inform practice or policy by identifying best practices, lessons learned, or areas for improvement.

Advantages of Case Study Research

There are several advantages of case study research, including:

• In-depth exploration: Case study research allows for a detailed exploration and analysis of a specific phenomenon, issue, or problem in its real-life context. This can provide a comprehensive understanding of the case and its dynamics, which may not be possible through other research methods.
• Rich data: Case study research can generate rich and detailed data, including qualitative data such as interviews, observations, and documents. This can provide a nuanced understanding of the case and its complexity.
• Holistic perspective: Case study research allows for a holistic perspective of the case, taking into account the various factors, processes, and mechanisms that contribute to the case and its outcomes. This can help to develop a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the case.
• Theory development: Case study research can help to develop and refine theories and concepts by providing empirical evidence and concrete examples of how they can be applied in real-life situations.
• Practical application: Case study research can inform practice or policy by identifying best practices, lessons learned, or areas for improvement.
• Contextualization: Case study research takes into account the specific context in which the case is situated, which can help to understand how the case is influenced by the social, cultural, and historical factors of its environment.

Limitations of Case Study Research

There are several limitations of case study research, including:

• Limited generalizability : Case studies are typically focused on a single case or a small number of cases, which limits the generalizability of the findings. The unique characteristics of the case may not be applicable to other contexts or populations, which may limit the external validity of the research.
• Biased sampling: Case studies may rely on purposive or convenience sampling, which can introduce bias into the sample selection process. This may limit the representativeness of the sample and the generalizability of the findings.
• Subjectivity: Case studies rely on the interpretation of the researcher, which can introduce subjectivity into the analysis. The researcher’s own biases, assumptions, and perspectives may influence the findings, which may limit the objectivity of the research.
• Limited control: Case studies are typically conducted in naturalistic settings, which limits the control that the researcher has over the environment and the variables being studied. This may limit the ability to establish causal relationships between variables.
• Time-consuming: Case studies can be time-consuming to conduct, as they typically involve a detailed exploration and analysis of a specific case. This may limit the feasibility of conducting multiple case studies or conducting case studies in a timely manner.
• Resource-intensive: Case studies may require significant resources, including time, funding, and expertise. This may limit the ability of researchers to conduct case studies in resource-constrained settings.

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Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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• Discussion Forum
• How Law Professors Can Write a Problem Solving Case

by Joseph William Singer

Bussey Professor of Law, Harvard Law School

We all know law professors use the case method to teach law. But the Problem Solving Workshop has adopted a new kind of case method—the kind more typical of business and public policy schools. The old Langdellian case method asks students to read judicial opinions; we do that to teach students how to interpret cases, to read the law, to consider alternative rules of law, to make arguments on both sides of contested questions, to understand the judicial role and legal reasoning. Such cases start at the end when the facts are decided, the legal issues identified and narrowed, and a ruling of law announced and defended.

Professor Joseph Singer

The problem solving case method focuses on the case at the very beginning—before the facts are all known, before the parties’ goals are clarified, before the legal issues have been narrowed, before the dispute has crystallized or run its course. This problem solving case method asks students to consider who the client is and what their goals are or might be, what the facts are and what facts the lawyer needs to find out, what various legal rules affect the client’s ability to achieve the client’s goals, and what options might be available to help the client achieve her goals ethically and within the bounds of the law.

Writing a case like this may seem daunting, but any law professor can do it by following these simple rules:

First , pick a fact situation that arises in your field of law that is both common and interesting and which raises practical or legal problems that must be resolved. In torts, it could be a corporate decision that might avoid potential accidents or it might be responding to a past disaster or accident. In contracts, it could be planning a transaction or dealing with a potential breach of an existing arrangement or a dispute about the terms of an ongoing arrangement. In property, it could be a dispute among neighbors, between landlord and tenant, with zoning officials; it could be planning a real estate deal or the terms of a charitable trust. In criminal law, it could be a question of whether a crime was committed or how a prosecutor should allocate enforcement resources. In procedure, it could be a search for an appropriate remedy for a problem or how to handle ongoing litigation. Every teacher knows many issues that come up in their particular field; all that you need to do is to think about what the issue might look like at the beginning rather than at the end.

Second , choose a client. The new case study method focuses on serving the interests of clients and helping them navigate the law to achieve their goals. This stage also involves choosing the other parties with whom the client may need to deal to achieve the client’s goals.

Third , construct a fact scenario that involves the client wanting something. Either the client wants to achieve a result or the client wants to solve a problem or dispute. Think of the facts a lawyer would need to know to determine what the client’s goals are and what facts would be needed to apply existing rules of law. In writing the problem, withhold some of those facts so that students would learn to look for facts that are not yet known but need to be known to solve the problem.

Fourth , consider various rules of law that are relevant to the situation. This is the part that is closest to what law professors do in their classes. Pick a rule that requires interpretation or a situation that implicates several rules, including those that cross subjects. Pick a fact situation that might prompt a judge to distinguish a precedent, craft an exception to the rule, or to apply a competing rule.

Fifth , consider what options are available to solve the problem or achieve the client’s goals. Think of the rules not as the ending point that decides what happens but as rules of the game that create both constraints and opportunities. The law may prevent the client from doing certain things but may allow her to achieve her goals some other way. Another party may have conflicting goals but there may be ways to help her achieve her underlying interests that also allow your client to serve her interests.

Finally , put it all together. Start with the story or fact situation. A client comes into your office with a story and a problem. That’s part 1. The class discussion would involve talking about who the client is, what the client’s legal obligations or goals are or might be, what facts we need to find out to clarify what happened and what the client wants, what laws might be relevant to solving the client’s problem, constraining the client’s actions, or empowering the client with respect to other actors. Then identify the relevant law: what cases or statutes should the students know about? Either make a list and require them to look up those cases or statutes and report on what the law requires or summarize the law yourself. That’s part 2. Class discussion would entail figuring out what the law is and how it applies to the client’s situation. Finally, think about how to structure a class discussion about potential options, their pros and cons, and how to communicate them to the client.

That’s it. This is easier to do than you might imagine. Perhaps you can start by taking a legal issue you teach in class and imagine how it arises from the client’s perspective in the real world. What is the first meeting with the lawyer like? What was the client’s experience like before the first meeting? Take it from there. Use what you know and you can do this.

About the author: Professor Singer teaches and writes about property law, conflict of laws, and federal Indian law.  He developed the Problem Solving Workshop at Harvard Law School with Professor Todd Rakoff, and has taught this course to first-years since its inception in 2010.

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How to solve a business law case study?

Business laws govern the rules of conducting business. These regulations ensure that the market is a fair playing field for all companies. A business law case study takes a specific scenario, fictional or otherwise, and poses questions on the same. S tudents then must read and understand the case to figure out solutions for the problems posed. A business case can be about a company, a particular industry, a market trend, customer behaviour etc.  So, how do you approach a case study? And more importantly, how do you begin to solve it? Well, that is what I am here to help with! Here is a step by step guide to crack a business law case study you can follow.

1} The standard approach

I recommend my students to read the case study multiple times to understand the scenario. Every company adheres to some business laws. The theories ensure an equal playing field for all. 

The standard approach to any business study would be to understand what’s present at face value. Jot down all the information you find. It gives you a primary picture of the case study. Based on this, you can analyze, infer and arrive at a conclusion. 

The opening of any case study sets its context. It gives you some details about the company/individual, their position, the market etc. The main body of the case expands on this premise. Here you find the different scenarios, discussion points and details. 

The ending then poses a problem. Most questions have a standard solution. However, you may find cases that are open-ended and have multiple interpretations. Here is a detailed guide to crack a case study you can follow.  

Step 1: Understand the problem

The first reading of the case study gives you a good idea of the situation. Read through and note the details of the business law case. It helps you identify certain fundamental facts about the case. 

A reading of the case study explores the scope and expectations of the business law scenario. This also includes the questions posed towards the end of the passage. Understand the problem and identify the resources needed to solve it effectively. 

The subsequent readings further clarify the facts presented. And the more you read the case study, the more alternatives you find to solve it. 

Step 2: Analyze the information given

There are three different theories to solve any case study. These techniques are not limited to business case studies. You can apply them to decode any case study, irrespective of the sector or subject. Some of them I attempt to discuss below. 

a. The Pareto Principle

The Pareto Law, aka 80/20 rule , is an essential analytical method. According to this method, you assume that about 80% of the effects arise from 20% causes. This is useful to determine the key focus areas to analyze. With Pareto rule, you reduce the risk of trial and error.  

Using the Pareto principle, students can highlight the critical sections of the case study that require deeper analysis. Your results are more accurate, effective and easy to execute. It also saves you a lot of time and effort.

To solve your Business law case study

B. mece framework.

MECE or mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive is a system that helps students categorize the case study. With this format, you categorize information into groups that are exclusive or overlapping. 

With the MECE framework, you avoid confusion and simplify the case study. It improves your chances of success with the case study. 

c. Using an Issue Tree

With the issue tree, you graphically breakdown the case study into a flowchart. This visual representation of the problem saves you a lot of time and trouble. Students can dissect the facts by arranging them vertically on the logic tree. 

Issue tree breaks down complicated problems into smaller sections. It is a smart problem-solving tactic for easier management.

Step 3 -Arrange the alternatives.

Every case study poses multiple alternatives. These alternatives though hypothetical, are factually based. Also, note that these alternatives or opinions are purely objective. Don’t try to pick a side when reading the case study. 

A critical analysis of these alternatives helps you form a hypothesis which I’ll discuss shortly later. Apply the business laws and regulations in these situations. Refer to this book “Crack the Case” by David Ohrvall for a better understanding of business law case interviews.

Step 4: Develop a hypothesis.

A hypothesis is a statement that lays down the fundamental assumptions and predictions for the case study. Note that the hypothesis is not a question but a statement. The entire case study then becomes a justification for this premise. 

You can use a hypothesis to crack a business law case study . It is a more academic approach to derive theory from the given evidence. 

The hypothesis sets the foundation for your answers. You can then move on to question, prove/disprove the premise as the solution progresses.

Step 5: Structuring your arguments

Remember your argument centres around the hypothesis. Combine the confirmed facts and your analysis to recreate the scenario. This helps fill in the gap in the case study. 

Giving your arguments a structure also makes them more understandable. Start with a short introductory paragraph where you reinstate the given facts. Then you can build upon them in the main body. 

The conclusion should tie the loose ends neatly, helping the reader arrive at a definitive ending. You can also compare the case with other similar scenarios to solidify your argument. 

Step 6: Arriving at a solution

Solving the case study is an organic process. Half the puzzle is already solved in the case study. The other half, you can deduce from the information provided. It is a safe and straightforward way to come at a rational conclusion. 

Note that the solution should not be a coloured perspective, but an objective extraction. Begin with a list of your key findings and research methodology. A good case study is compact yet contains all the details. 

Step 7: Referencing and citations

This is the last part of the process that comes after the conclusion. It is a section where you state the resources and references used to crack the case study. Citing your sources is both ethically and legally acceptable. It protects you from plagiarism charges. 

There are three main citation formats- MLA, APA and Harvard styles. I recommend APA or Harvard style referencing for scientific/analytical answers. If your case study analysis is descriptive, then MLA is more suitable. You can refer to the referencing guide at your University website for more details. 

You can add annotations and footnotes to cram in additional details. This is a great way to earn some extra brownie points. Don’t forget to cite the sources for diagrams and charts used for your answers as well. Use CiteFast and other tools to get instant and accurate citations. 

2} Elements of a business case study

Every business case study consists of three main elements. First is the scenario, where you find details about the case. The case can discuss issues like company contracts, partnerships, employee behaviour etc. 

Most case studies deal with a particular company, employee or entrepreneur’s decision. As a student, you have to put yourself in their shoes and take proactive action to resolve the issue. This helps you understand the subject and its concepts much better than mere classroom learning.

The second part focuses on the crux of the issue. The case study usually ends with a set of questions based on the passage given. These questions are solely based on the given section. All the answers are either present in the case or can be deduced from it. 

The last part is the hypothesis, where you develop a premise to predict a possible explanation of the issue. It follows a logical pattern, where you apply certain business law theories to figure a suitable solution.  

3} Need for business law case study

Business law case studies are pretty relevant for students to understand how companies work. It presents a realistic scenario that you can follow, decode and understand. Any business holding must cater to specific rules and regulations under the law. 

And as a student of business law, you learn about these regulations and their application in a real-life situation. This is where case studies come into the picture. It gives you an accurate account of how and where to implement these strategies. 

Business case studies ground your theoretical coursework in a practical scenario. Students can understand the application and need for business laws. 

4} The bottom line

Trade and commerce are integral parts of any society. And every venture or industry needs a set of standard principles. With case studies, you have an opportunity to explore the different aspects of the business from an objective perspective. 

Decoding a business law case study is a step-by-step process. 

Business law combines the legal and commercial aspects of an enterprise. It gives an in-depth insight into a situation.

I hope my approach would help you grasp the case and arrive at an eventual solution. 

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Joseph William Singer

Problem Solving for Lawyers

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This technical note, designed for students in the Problem Solving Workshop, outlines a systematic approach to problem solving for lawyers. Learning Objectives

• Give students a framework to solve client problems, including addessing legal and ethical issues.

Subjects Covered Problem Solving, Legal Profession

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