racism research paper

Theory and research in cultural psychology highlight the need to examine racism not only "in the head" but also "in the world." Racism is often defined as individual prejudice, but racism is also systemic, existing in the advantages and disadvantages imprinted in cultural artifacts, ideological discourse, and institutional realities that work together with individual biases.

Racial discrimination is recognised as a key social determinant of health and driver of racial/ethnic health inequities. Studies have shown that people exposed to racism have poorer health outcomes (particularly for mental health), alongside both reduced access to health care and poorer patient experiences. Most of these studies have used cross-sectional designs: this prospective cohort study ...

Broad agreement is needed — by funders, editors, and reviewers — that racism and inequities in social determinants of health more generally are topics as valid for research as biologic markers ...

Systemic racism is a scientifically tractable phenomenon, urgent for cognitive scientists to address. ... we are far from that tipping point of knowledge and acceptance when it comes to the idea of systemic racism. This paper, then, is yet another attempt, by connecting across the individual, interactional, and institutional/societal levels, to ...

Future research on racism and health needs to give more sustained attention to identifying interventions to reduce and prevent racism, as well as, to ameliorate its adverse health effects. ... Preparation of this paper was supported by grant U19 AG 051426 from the National Institute of Aging. We wish to thank Sandra Krumholz for her assistance ...

In addition, a selective review of individual-level coping strategies for combating interpersonal racism carried out by Brondolo and colleagues (2009) also emphasized the lack of research focusing on strategies people can use to cope with racism. Thus, more work is needed to understand the current ways that Black people cope with racism and ...

In this paper, we address the pressing but not sufficiently explored question of how to study racism empirically. Researching racism is a complex and sensitive task (Maiter et al., 2013).Despite, or maybe because of, its tremendous societal significance, researchers studying racism face a multitude of theoretical, empirical, and methodological challenges (Back and Sinha, 2018; Kimmel and ...

Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of studies that examine relationships between racial discrimination and trauma in order to further understand the relationship ...

Research papers in languages other than English were excluded. Only peer reviewed articles with empirical data were included. ... Research on racism in healthcare could benefit from sociological research on racism and racialization to explain how overt racism is produced and how racism is normalized and hidden behind supposedly non-racial ...

A subtype of structural racism, environmental racism includes the use of racist practices in determining which communities receive health-protective, and which health-harming, infrastructure. What ...

In recent decades, there has been remarkable growth in scientific research examining the multiple ways in which racism can adversely affect health. This interest has been driven in part by the striking persistence of racial/ethnic inequities in health and the empirical evidence that indicates that socioeconomic factors alone do not account for racial/ethnic inequities in health.

After analysing these concepts with examples and relevant studies, this paper explores current literature. Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (Paradies et al, 2015) is the most recent and comprehensive research on the issue, yet it cannot be used to base public health interventions as it contains several ...

the research on unconscious racism is the first attempt to isolate the sublimi- ... This paper discusses some issues of current interest in relation to racism, starting with the link between the ...

Race plays an important role in how people think, develop, and behave. In the current article, we queried more than 26,000 empirical articles published between 1974 and 2018 in top-tier cognitive, developmental, and social psychology journals to document how often psychological research acknowledges this reality and to examine whether people who edit, write, and participate in the research are ...

Resistance to racism. Racialized people respond in a variety of ways to racism, including active opposition and more passive or hidden reactions (Carter Andrews Citation 2012).A US study reports a broad spectre of emotional responses, most common were feeling disrespected and anger, followed by a feeling of being insulted, disappointment, frustration, outrage, hurt and shock (Carter and ...

Systemic racism is a scientifically tractable phenomenon, urgent for cognitive scientists to address. This tutorial reviews the built-in systems that undermine life opportunities and outcomes by racial category, with a focus on challenges to Black Americans. From American colonial history, explicit practices and policies reinforced disadvantage across all domains of life, beginning with ...

Forging Diversity-Science-Informed Guidelines for Research on Race and Racism in Psychological Science. Andrea L. Miller, Chadly Stern, Helen Neville. Pages: 1240-1261.

Considering how racism is similarly pervasive in many Asian countries, the lack of literature may be attributed to underreporting as open discourse about highly sensitive topics like racism may be limited by censorship which is more common among Asian countries [71, 72]. Therefore, further qualitative research needs to be conducted to yield ...

Abstract. The sociology of racism is the study of the relationship between racism, racial discrimination, and racial inequality. While past scholarship emphasized overtly racist attitudes and policies, contemporary sociology considers racism as individual- and group-level processes and structures that are implicated in the reproduction of ...

Clark and colleagues' (1999) biopsychosocial model of racism posits that racism results in psychological and physiological stress responses that can be linked to negative psychological wellbeing, and Jones' (2000) model categorizes internalized racism as a stressor for African Americans. While recent empirical research has documented the impact of racial discrimination on the psychological ...

Abstract. The study of racism in sociology entails an examination of the social construction of "racial" groups and racial inequalities. Defined as an ideology of racial group superiority that ...

For instance, some research shows that witnessing condemnation or confrontation of racism fosters anti-racist sentiments and increased recognition of biased behavior 46,47.

In a review and critique of research on race and racism in the digital realm, Jessie Daniels (2013) identified social media platforms—specifically social network sites (SNSs)—as spaces "where race and racism play out in interesting, sometimes disturbing, ways" (Daniels 2013, 702).Since then, social media research has become a salient academic (sub-)field with its own journal (Social ...

"The Racial Muslim is an important, timely addition to the literature on anti-Muslim racism. Aziz succinctly compresses a broad, yet relevant, range of topics into a relatively short text, all-the-while interrogating power, White supremacy, structural racism and the intersection of religion and race in racializing processes."

Abstract. This article explores the meanings of racism in the sociology of race/ethnicity and provides a descriptive framework for comparing theories of racism. The authors argue that sociologists use racism to refer to four constructs: (1) individual attitudes, (2) cultural schema, and two constructs associated with structural racism: (3 ...