a step by step problem solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a finite amount of time

Algorithms and Problem Solving ​

Algorithms and flowcharts (designing a program) ​.

Reference this presentation for your first homework.

Five Simple Ideas Used to Create All Programs ​

• A list of instructions performed in order
• If…, then…, else…
• Repeated behavior (i.e., while there are cookies on the plate, keep eating cookies)
• Breaking the problem into sub-problems that can be solved independently.
• A set of instructions that return a single result (answer a question).

Complexity ​

Most computers only really “understand” about 100 different instructions.

Powerful applications take advantage of the extreme number of possible instruction combinations.

Chess is a good analogy:

• 6 types of pieces; each piece moves in a simple pattern.
• Possible/playable chess games (assuming an avg. game has 30 moves) are 4,670,033.

Algorithms ​

An algorithm is A step-by-step list of instructions for solving a problem. The solution must be determined in a finite amount of time.

Algorithms can be expressed in many kinds of notations (e.g., natural language, pseudocode, flowcharts, etc.)

Flowcharts ​

A flowchart is one way to represent an algorithm and uses the following symbols.

Creating Solutions ​

• Step-by-step problem-solving process
• In a finite amount of time
• Programming is a process of problem-solving.

Programming with the Problem Analysis–Coding–Execution Cycle ​

Analyze the problem

• Does the program require user interaction?
• Does the program manipulate data?
• What is the output?
• Analyze and design algorithms for each subproblem
• Can test using sample data
• Some mathematical analysis might be required

Implement the algorithm

• Enter the program using a text editor. This is called the implementation of the algorithm.
• Compile code
• Look at the code and remove errors
• Run code again through the compiler
• The compiler guarantees that the program follows the rules of the language. It does not guarantee that the program will run correctly.
• Linker links machine code with system resources

Execution (run the compiles program)

• Once compiled and linked, the loader can place the program into the main memory for execution.
• The final step is to execute the program.

Maintenance

• Use and modify the program if the problem domain changes.

Programming Methods ​

Two popular approaches to programming design

• Structured (e.g., Procedural)
• Object-oriented

There are many other programming paradigms .

Structured Programming ​

Procedural design is a subset of structured design:

• Dividing a problem into smaller subproblems
• A solution to a subproblem is a “module” or “procedure” and is simply a series of computation steps to be carried out.
• Top-down (or bottom-up) design
• Stepwise refinement
• Modular programming

Object-Oriented Programming ​

Object-oriented design :

• Identify components called objects.
• Determine how objects interact with each other
• Specify relevant data and possible operations to be performed on that data.
• Each object consists of data and operations on that data.
• An object combines data and operations on the data into a single unit
• A language that supports object-oriented design is called an object-oriented programming (OOP) language
• Must learn how to represent data in computer memory, how to manipulate data, and how to implement operations.
• C++ was designed to support object-oriented programming.
• Object-oriented design is used with structured design.

A Step-By-Step Problem-Solving Process in Which a Solution Is Arrived

Question 38

A step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a finite amount of time is called a(n) ____.

A) algorithm B) linker C) analysis D) design

Correct Answer:

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Q30: Dividing a problem into smaller subproblems is

Q31: _ signals represent information with a sequence

Q32: A(n) _ consists of data and the

Q33: Assembly language uses easy-to-remember instructions called _.

Q34: The digit 0 or 1 is called

Q35: _ consists of 65,536 characters. A) ASCII-8 B) ASCII C)

Q36: In a C++ program, statements that begin

Q37: A sequence of eight bits is called

Q39: A program called a(n) _ combines the

Q40: The _ handles the overall activity of

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What is Problem Solving Algorithm?, Steps, Representation

What is problem solving algorithm.

Computers are used for solving various day-to-day problems and thus problem solving is an essential skill that a computer science student should know. It is pertinent to mention that computers themselves cannot solve a problem. Precise step-by-step instructions should be given by us to solve the problem.

Thus, problem solving is the process of identifying a problem, developing an algorithm for the identified problem and finally implementing the algorithm to develop a computer program.

Definition of Problem Solving Algorithm

[su_quote cite=””]Algorithms are the solutions to computational problems. They define a method that uses the input to a problem in order to produce the correct output. A computational problem can have many solutions.[/su_quote]

[su_quote cite=””]Algorithms have a definite beginning and a definite end, and a finite number of steps. A good algorithm, which is precise, unique and finite, receives input and produces an output.[/su_quote]

Steps for Problem Solving

Problem solving begins with the precise identification of the problem and ends with a complete working solution in terms of a program or software. Key steps required for solving a problem using a computer.

Analysing the Problem

It is important to clearly understand a problem before we begin to find the solution for it. If we are not clear as to what is to be solved, we may end up developing a program which may not solve our purpose.

Developing an Algorithm

We start with a tentative solution plan and keep on refining the algorithm until the algorithm is able to capture all the aspects of the desired solution. For a given problem, more than one algorithm is possible and we have to select the most suitable solution.

Testing and Debugging

Software industry follows standardised testing methods like unit or component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing while developing complex applications. This is to ensure that the software meets all the business and technical requirements and works as expected.

Representation of Algorithms

Using their algorithmic thinking skills, the software designers or programmers analyse the problem and identify the logical steps that need to be followed to reach a solution. Once the steps are identified, the need is to write down these steps along with the required input and desired output.

A flow chart is a step by step diagrammatic representation of the logic paths to solve a given problem. Or A flowchart is visual or graphical representation of an algorithm .

Advantages of Flowcharts:

Differences between algorithm and flowchart.

Pseudo code

In pseudo code , the program is represented in terms of words and phrases, but the syntax of program is not strictly followed.

Advantages of Pseudocode

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A(n) ________ is a step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a finite amount of time.

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An algorithm is a step-by-step problem-solving process that allows us to arrive at a solution in a finite amount of time. The term that completes the sentence is "algorithm."

Algorithm is a set of instructions or rules that are followed to solve a specific problem. Algorithms are used in various fields such as mathematics, computer science, and engineering to tackle complex problems.

They provide a systematic approach and ensure that the problem is solved efficiently and accurately. By breaking down the problem into smaller, more manageable steps, algorithms help us find solutions in a structured and organized manner .

In summary, an algorithm is a powerful tool that enables us to solve problems in a systematic and time-efficient way.

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The Art of Effective Problem Solving: A Step-by-Step Guide

Whether we realise it or not, problem solving skills are an important part of our daily lives. From resolving a minor annoyance at home to tackling complex business challenges at work, our ability to solve problems has a significant impact on our success and happiness. However, not everyone is naturally gifted at problem-solving, and even those who are can always improve their skills. In this blog post, we will go over the art of effective problem-solving step by step.

Problem Solving Methodologies

Methodology of 8D (Eight Discipline) Problem Solving:

A3 Problem Solving Method:

The A3 problem solving technique is a visual, team-based problem-solving approach that is frequently used in Lean Six Sigma projects. The A3 report is a one-page document that clearly and concisely outlines the problem, root cause analysis, and proposed solution.

Subsequently, in the Lean Six Sigma framework, the 8D and A3 problem solving methodologies are two popular approaches to problem solving. Both methodologies provide a structured, team-based problem-solving approach that guides individuals through a comprehensive and systematic process of identifying, analysing, and resolving problems in an effective and efficient manner.

Step 1 – Define the Problem

By repeatedly asking “ why ,” you’ll eventually get to the bottom of the problem. This is an important step in the problem-solving process because it ensures that you’re dealing with the root cause rather than just the symptoms.

Step 2 – Gather Information and Brainstorm Ideas

Gathering information and brainstorming ideas is the next step in effective problem solving. This entails researching the problem and relevant information, collaborating with others, and coming up with a variety of potential solutions. This increases your chances of finding the best solution to the problem.

Next, work with others to gather a variety of perspectives. Brainstorming with others can be an excellent way to come up with new and creative ideas. Encourage everyone to share their thoughts and ideas when working in a group, and make an effort to actively listen to what others have to say. Be open to new and unconventional ideas and resist the urge to dismiss them too quickly.

Once you’ve compiled a list of potential solutions, it’s time to assess them and select the best one. This is the next step in the problem-solving process, which we’ll go over in greater detail in the following section.

Step 3 – Evaluate Options and Choose the Best Solution

Once you’ve compiled a list of potential solutions, it’s time to assess them and select the best one. This is the third step in effective problem solving, and it entails weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each solution, considering their feasibility and practicability, and selecting the solution that is most likely to solve the problem effectively.

You’ll be able to tell which solutions are likely to succeed and which aren’t by assessing their feasibility and practicability.

Step 4 – Implement and Monitor the Solution

When you’ve decided on the best solution, it’s time to put it into action. The fourth and final step in effective problem solving is to put the solution into action, monitor its progress, and make any necessary adjustments.

Finally, make any necessary modifications to the solution. This could entail changing the solution, altering the plan of action, or delegating different tasks. Be willing to make changes if they will improve the solution or help it solve the problem more effectively.

You can increase your chances of success in problem solving by following these steps and considering factors such as the pros and cons of each solution, their feasibility and practicability, and making any necessary adjustments. Furthermore, keep in mind that problem solving is an iterative process, and there may be times when you need to go back to the beginning and restart. Maintain your adaptability and try new solutions until you find the one that works best for you.

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