essay question on war photographer

War Photographer

By carol ann duffy, war photographer essay questions.

Describe how Duffy uses literary elements (for example, symbols, metaphors, irony, and setting) to connect the four stanzas. What similarities and contrasts are there across the stanzas in terms of literary elements?

We can point to many connections across the stanzas. The themes of suffering, memory, trauma, and religion are developed throughout the poem. For example, the first stanza describes "spools of suffering"; the second describes "ordinary pain"; the third stanza describes the "cries / of this man's wife"; and the fourth stanza references "agonies." By using many synonyms for pain (suffering, pain, agonies), Duffy conveys the same theme of suffering across different stanzas. There are also concrete symbols and objects that are connected across different stanzas. The chemical baths implied in the second stanza ("[s]olutions slop in trays") are described in the fourth stanza as finished photographs—"[a] hundred agonies in black and white." The reference to "grass" in the Bible verse "[a]ll flesh is grass" in the first stanza is reinforced in the third stanza, where the metaphorical grass is turned into blood-stained "dust."

We can also identify many contrasts. Each stanza represents a discrete step in the photographic development process: stanza one describes organizing the rows of trays; stanza two describes submerging the photographs in the trays to develop them; stanza three depicts the photographs beginning to develop; stanza four portrays the completed photographs. There is also a difference in tone across the stanzas. The first stanza is reflective and somber, describing the empty dark room, the "softly glow[ing] light," and the photographer "preparing" to work. The tension builds throughout the poem, with stanzas two and three using visceral imagery to depict the photographer struggling with his traumatic memories. The fourth stanza reduces this tension and returns to the introspective mood of the first, describing the photographer as cynically reflecting on the impassivity of his readers.

How does Duffy use sibilance in this poem?

Sibilance is the repetition of letter sounds that have a hushing or hissing quality. In the second line of the poem, Duffy utilizes sibilance by describing the "spools of suffering," the photographer is working with. This use of sibilance draws the reader to this line, emphasizing the pain and suffering that is contained within the spools. The words "spools" and "suffering" sound similar due to this use of sibilance, which rhetorically connects them together—the spools are closely attached to suffering because they physically contain depictions of the photographer's traumatic memories.

What does Duffy suggest about the documentation of warfare?

We are reminded throughout the poem that the photographer's job is to document the experiences of war. As such, this might bring up questions about people and organizations who profit from the documentation of warfare, and ask whether this is ethical or not. For example, the apathy with which the editor "will pick out five or six for Sunday's supplement" raises questions about the ethics of observing war but failing to intervene. At the same time, Duffy suggests that the photographer is "do[ing] what someone must" by depicting the violence. War photography can call people to action or serve to preserve memories of horrific warfare in order to help prevent it in the future.

War Photographer Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for War Photographer is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

what does the religious imagery in stanza 1 suggest about the photographer and his work

The priest imagery is a means of the photographer himself making sense of his work and using metaphor to shield himself from reality, which adds a further layer of meaning. Characteristic of those grappling with trauma, the photographer is unable...

why is the phrase "running children in a nightmare heat" effective

This seems like a powerful metaphor for the effect of war on children.

Study Guide for War Photographer

War Photographer study guide contains a biography of Carol Ann Duffy, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About War Photographer
• War Photographer Summary
• Character List

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'War Photographer' + 'Exposure' L9 / A* Comparative Essay Example

Subject: English

Age range: 14-16

Resource type: Assessment and revision

Last updated

27 October 2024

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This is a handwritten essay completed in timed conditions by a GCSE student - it has been typed up for ease of reading. Though it’s not perfect, it demonstrates high knowledge and ability, and it was marked by two different teachers as a full mark essay: 30/30 for the AQA Power and Conflict Poetry exam question for English Literature GCSE. Bear in mind that the absolute ideal essay would have a short introduction offset from the first middle paragraph, and also each middle paragraph should be roughly the same in length. Otherwise, the essay is structurally sound. In addition, spelling and grammar is mostly accurate, but the few inaccuracies that existed have also been left in.

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This bundle contains a set of 20 comprehensive study guides which provide a detailed analysis of AQA Power and Conflict Poetry. They are tailored towards helping students achieve the very highest grades in essays. Example mid and top grade answers, and a mark scheme breakdown are also provided! **Currently available at a 50% discount! Teaching or studying AQA Power + Conflict Poetry? Have a resource on us! Download [our Ozymandias Study Guide](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-13140286) here! Download [AQA Power and Conflict Cluster Anthology List](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-13140410) here! POEMS INCLUDED IN THE BUNDLE: 'Bayonet Charge' 'Charge of the Light Brigade' 'London' 'Ozymandias' 'Poppies' 'Remains' 'Storm on the Island' 'The Émigrée' 'War Photographer' Extract from 'The Prelude' 'My Last Duchess' 'Kamikaze' 'Checking Out Me History' 'Tissue' 'Exposure' BONUS MATERIAL: Storm on the Island: Essay Planning War Photographer + Exposure L9 / A* Grade Comparative Essay Example Bayonet Charge + Charge of the Light Brigade L6 / B Grade Comparative Essay Example + Feedback London + Checking Out Me History L7/L8 - A/A* Grade Essay + Feedback Ozymandias + Power L7/A Grade Essay Example + Feedback Each poem in the analysis contains digital + printable + PPT + worksheet resource and includes: VOCABULARY STORY + SUMMARY SPEAKER + VOICE LANGUAGE FEATURE ANALYSIS FORM + STRUCTURE ANALYSIS CONTEXT ATTITUDES + MESSAGES THEMES + DEEPER IDEAS KEY QUOTATIONS EXTRA TASKS COMPREHENSION EXERCISES POSSIBLE ESSAY QUESTIONS View our [full WJEC GCSE POETRY BUNDLE ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12770335) here. Teaching or studying the full Cambridge A Level Literature course? Take a look at our [CAMBRIDGE A LEVEL POETRY BUNDLE](http://https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/cie-cambridge-a-level-poetry-for-2023-bundle-part-1-12735444) here. Teaching or studying the Edexcel IGCSE Literature course? Take a look at our [EDEXCEL IGCSE POETRY BUNDLE](http://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/the-complete-edexcel-igcse-poetry-bundle-12770306) here. Please review our content! We always value feedback and are looking for ways to improve our resources, so all reviews are more than welcome. View our [SHOP for other literature and language resources](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resources/shop/Scrbbly)!

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GCSE Poetry Comparison: War Photographer and Poppies Sample Essay

Welcome back to our series on the AQA Power and Conflict anthology—your go-to guide for writing comparative poetry essays!

In AQA GCSE English Literature , poetry comes toward the end of the exam, as part of Paper 2. By this point, you’ve already tackled a modern text you’ve prepared for and a daunting unseen section.

Then, you’ve got to analyse two anthology poems and compare them. It’s a lot to handle, and by this stage, you’ll be feeling tired. That’s why anything you can do to prepare will be a huge help! 

With this in mind, we’re diving into comparative essays for every poem in the AQA anthology . We’ll break down key points, quotes and analysis, so you can be fully prepared to write a standout essay.

Today, we’re comparing War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Poppies by Jane Weir. These are two of the most popular poems, as they’re written in a modern style with a powerful emotional impact. But do they have much in common beyond their strong messages?

Check out this sample essay comparing the two. As you read, get your mark scheme ready and think critically. Consider your own feelings and responses to the poems. What extra points or quotes would you add to make it even stronger?

In “War Photographer” by Carol Ann Duffy, the poet explores ideas about inner conflict. Compare this with “Poppies” by Jane Weir.

In “War Photographer” by Carol Ann Duffy and “Poppies” by Jane Weir, both poets explore inner conflict, focusing on how war impacts those left behind or who bear witness. Duffy portrays the moral struggles of a war photographer processing the horrors he’s captured. On the other hand, Weir delves into a mother’s grief and anxiety as her son goes to war. Both use vivid imagery and thoughtful structure to convey the deep psychological effects of war, though the nature of their inner conflicts differ significantly.

Duffy’s “War Photographer” examines a photographer managing the chaos of war through his work. The darkroom becomes a metaphor for his mind, where he confronts the images he’s captured: “spools of suffering set out in ordered rows.” This imagery contrasts the need for control with the overwhelming nature of war. The alliteration in “spools of suffering” adds a sinister undertone to the scene, while the later image of a “half-formed ghost” highlights the way memories and traumas still haunt him.

In contrast, “Poppies” presents a mother’s personal battle as she prepares to send her son to war. The opening, “Three days before Armistice Sunday / and poppies had already been placed / on individual war graves,” blends remembrance with foreshadowed loss, suggesting her awareness of what could come. While Duffy’s imagery evokes distant conflict, Weir’s use of domestic detail, pinning “crimped petals” onto her son’s blazer, brings the reader closer to the intimate pain of loss. The contrast between the mother’s care and the violence her son may face is heightened by the phrase “spasms of paper red,” subtly alluding to war wounds.

Both poets emphasise inner conflict through form. Duffy’s regular structure reflects the photographer’s methodical attempts to process his emotions. The tension between order and chaos mirrors the contrast between the structured form and the photographer’s inner turmoil. The poem shifts when the photographer realises the public’s detachment from his work, their emotions fleeting: “The reader’s eyeballs prick / with tears between the bath and pre-lunch beers.” This emphasises his isolation, deepening his internal struggle as his experiences are dismissed.

In contrast, Weir uses a free-verse structure reflecting the unpredictability of the mother’s emotions. The lack of consistent rhyme or stanza length mirrors the chaotic flow of her thoughts as she wrestles with fear and pride. Weir’s enjambment, particularly in lines like “I resisted the impulse / to run my fingers through the gelled / blackthorns of your hair,” captures the fluidity of her emotional state, contrasting sharply with Duffy’s more rigid form.

Contextually, both poets come from different perspectives. Duffy, as poet laureate, often explores political and social issues, using “War Photographer” to highlight the emotional toll on those who document suffering. She challenges readers to consider the distance between war’s reality and their perception. Weir, drawing on personal experience, focuses on the intimate pain of a mother’s sacrifice. Her poem speaks to the personal costs of war, contrasting Duffy’s more external focus on media and societal detachment.

In conclusion, while both “War Photographer” and “Poppies” explore the inner conflict caused by war, they approach it from different angles. Duffy’s focus on the emotional struggle of documenting war contrasts with Weir’s intimate portrayal of a mother’s grief and anxiety. Together, they provide a powerful commentary on the psychological scars war leaves behind, highlighting the inner battles fought by those affected by it.

What are your thoughts on the essay and how the poems are compared? How do you feel about the two poems? Is there anything you’d include, change or something you’d disagree with? Feel free to share your thoughts in the comments.

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AQA GCSE English Literature

War photographer: power and conflict analysis.

War Photographer was written by Carol Ann Duffy and published in 1985. It was partly inspired by the photographer Nick Ut. One famous picture he took showed a nine-year-old Vietnamese girl in distress, running from her village after it had been hit with a napalm bomb.

This poem was written before digital cameras were widely used. For film cameras, photographers needed to insert spools of film before taking photographs. Traditionally, photographers would develop photographs in a darkroom (typically lit with red or amber light) to process the light-sensitive photographic materials effectively.

Poem Summary

A war photographer develops photographs in his darkroom. He thinks about how safe life in England feels compared to war-torn countries. As a picture develops, he remembers the pain and suffering of the people in it. He thinks that only a few of his images will be used in newspapers. Also, he imagines that the readers will be momentarily saddened by them, but will soon go back to focusing on their own lives.

The poem’s key message:

The poet shows that those who don’t live in countries at war cannot fully comprehend the horrors that take place. People are more concerned about their own lives than those in a distant land.

• Duffy uses imagery of pain and suffering to show the effects of war. The photographer calls his photographs “spools of suffering” and “A hundred agonies in black and white”. These lines show the many pictures he has taken of people in physical or mental torment.
• Imagery is used to show the awful memories that the photographer has. As the photograph develops, it becomes a “half-formed ghost”. It could be the half-formed memory of this incident that haunts him. However, it could also suggest that the man in the photograph is dead.
• After considering the different war zones he has visited, the photographer states: “All flesh is grass.” This is a phrase that originates from the Bible. It means that all life is temporary and limited. Having witnessed so many deaths, the photographer becomes very aware of the fragility of life.
• The tone becomes darker and more disturbing in the third stanza as the photograph develops. The image of the dead man in the picture is difficult for the photographer to cope with.
• He becomes angry in the fourth stanza as he considers how people don’t care about the victims of war in other countries. 
• It is written in the third person, present tense.
• Each stanza follows the same rhyme pattern (ABBCDD). Every three lines, a rhyming couplet follows an unrhymed line. This puts emphasis on the lines that aren’t rhymed, such as “he is finally alone” and “A hundred agonies in black and white”.
• There is an internal rhyme: “The reader’s eyeballs prick/ with tears between the bath and pre-lunch beers.” The link between “tears” and “beers” mocks the readers’ lack of genuine sadness.

Key Quotes to Learn

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• Carol Ann Duffy

"War Photographer" Essay

                        "War Photographer" Essay                        

Choose a poem which explores the theme of loneliness or isolation. Show how the poet explores the theme and discuss, to what extent, your appreciation of the theme was deepened by the poet's treatment.

In your answer you may refer closely to the text and to at least two of the following; theme, imagery, contrast, mood or any other appropriate feature.

"War Photographer", a moving poem by Carol Ann Duffy, explores the theme of isloation. The poem, based on an interview the poet had with "War Photographer", Don McCullin, reveals the dilemma within his work and how this work results in his isolation. Through the use of theme and imagery, Duffy successfully deepens the reader's appreciation of the theme of isolation.

The opening line of the poem is ambiguous. Duffy, choosing not to expose the true and horrific nature to war, instead introduces the Photographer's "darkroom" where he will develop the photographs he has taken:

"In his darkroom he is finally alone"

This could suggests that the photographer uses his "darkroom" to reflect on the darkness of the events that he has winessed. The words "finally alone" imply that this place is a sanctuary for him, a haven to escape the brutality of warfare which he, himself has seen and captured.  Metaphorically, this "darkroom" could signify a confessional box in a church in which he feels he can face up to his sins and seek forgiveness for his work which he considers expoitative. In this first line, the reader is instantly given a real insight into this photographer's isolation, he chooses to isolate himself as he cannot face the public who don't understand the moral dilemma within his work.

        The theme of religion is predominent throughout the poem. The Photographer is repeatedly compared to a priest as they share many similarities both in their work and their isolation. Duffy suggests that the developing of these photographs is closely linked to the work of a priest:

        " The only light is red and softly glows/ as though this were a church and he/ a priest preparing to intone a mass."

This is a preview of the whole essay

The red light mentioned here, literally meaning the infra-red light in the darkroom, interestingly is often refered to as a "safe-light" which could further suggest the photographer's need to isolate himself away from the world. The word "softly" reveals the comfort and security the man feels when he "finally" gets to the developing stage of his work in a safe and secluded room. This "light" also has religious connotations as it could be interpreted as the small red candles in a chapel to represent the holy spirit. The reader is given the impression that the photographer, much like a priest, is a man on a mission – preparing to spread the words of truth. While revealing this, the two such different occupations become linked through the photographer and the preist's self inflicted isolation. They have both in a way, sacraficed themselves for the greater cause of informing the nation.

As the developing process progresses, so do the photographer's thoughts and memories of the horrors he has witnessed. The imagery used to represent this gives the audience a real insight into his line of thought and reveals the extent of which his work affects him psychologically:

"A stranger's features/ faintly start to twist before his eyes

a half-formed ghost"

The impersonality of "a stranger's features" reveals the widespread perception of these people as meerly another victim of a war-stricken country rather than a fellow human being. The fact that the victim appears to him "faintly" suggests that this is how the memory is coming back to him while the almost onomatopoeic use of "twist" implies real and immense suffering. This is all materializing "before his eyes" which reinforces that it was he, himself that took the photograph and therfore stood by and witnessed this tradgedy. An almost haunting atmosphere is given by the use of "ghost" while it could be a subtle reference to the spirit of Christ (often refered to as the "Holy Ghost") and its presence during Mass, it also suggests that the photographer will forever be reminded of these images – the price he must pay for doing his job. This gives the reader a deeper understanding of the photographer's moral dilemma in his work which inevitably keeps him secluded. It suggests that it's his knowledge of the world's problems and the public's ignorance of such problems that isolate him.

The Second stanza winesses the photographer faltering to develop the photograph. His emotions reveal to the audience that there's a reluctance within his work, that he forces himself to develop them just as he forces himself to do the job because he knows he must. The dilemma he faces everytime he takes a photograph is introduced in this stanza:

"He has a job to do. Solutions slop in trays

beneath the hands which did not tremble then"

The abruptness of the ceasura in this first line reveals that the photographer, when he goes through the developing process, must keep his wits about him and remind himself of why he must get on with it while the use of "tremble" further reinforces his reluctance to do the job. The audience is given the impression that the photographer gets little job-satisfaction from taking these photographs. It's this job which cuts him off from the rest of the world as virtually him alone knows these horrors and is willing to damage himself psychologically for the chance to see others taking an interest in, not his work, but what his work represents – the effects of war on the human race on a personal and up-close level. He is willing to isolate himself for this cause.

Carol Ann Duffy's "War Photographer", an account of a photographer isolated by his moral dilemma, succesfully deepens the audience's appreciation of the theme of isolation itself. Through the effective employment of theme and imagery, Duffy explores his dilemma and how it isolates him from the rest of the world. Yet, he continues with his work to try and change the public's perception of these victims as meer foreigners. The photographer, with the hope that his work will one day make a difference, continues to take photographs in the face of evil and soul destroying suffering.

Word count – 984 words

Document Details

• Word Count 1074
• Page Count 3
• Subject English

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