to kill a mockingbird summary essay

To Kill a Mockingbird Summary in a 5-Minute Guide

"To Kill a Mockingbird," written by Harper Lee and published in 1960, is a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel. Inspired by true events witnessed by the author during her childhood, the book addresses challenging issues prevalent in mid-20th century America, such as racism, poverty, and the Great Depression.

Through the eyes of its young protagonists, the novel explores how children navigate moral dilemmas, demonstrate courage, and resist social and racial injustices. Despite the serious themes, the story is imbued with innocence and warmth as children play, seek adventure, grow up, and support one another. Let's delve deeper into the To Kill a Mockingbird summary and explore the main themes and characters of this beloved classic.

Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free :

Quick facts.

Before we start our short summary of To Kill a Mockingbird, here's a quick cheat sheet of key facts for you.

• Author : Harper Lee
• Publication Year : 1960
• Setting : Maycomb, Alabama, during the 1930s
• Genre : Southern Gothic, Bildungsroman (coming-of-age)
• Narrator : Scout Finch, a young girl who recounts the events of the story from her perspective as an adult, looking back on her childhood.
• Main Characters : Scout Finch, Jem Finch, Atticus Finch, Boo Radley, Tom Robinson, Calpurnia, Miss Maudie Atkinson, Bob Ewell, Mayella Ewell.
• Major Themes : Racial Injustice and Prejudice, Loss of Innocence, Morality and Integrity, Social Class and Gender Roles, Empathy and Compassion.
• Significance : "To Kill a Mockingbird" is considered a classic of modern American literature and has won numerous awards, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961. It is widely taught in schools for its themes of racial injustice, morality, and empathy.
• Adaptations : The novel has been adapted into a successful film in 1962, directed by Robert Mulligan and starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. It has also been adapted for the stage and remains a popular choice for theater productions.

Lack of Essay Topics Ideas?

Our professionals are ready to help you anytime!

Character Analysis in To Kill a Mockingbird

If you’re about to start your own essay on To Kill a Mockingbird, we need to first begin by introducing the major characters in the novel. Each of them symbolizes different ideas and adds to the overall message of the story. 

As we delve into their roles, feel free to leave your ' write a research paper for me ' request to us. In the meantime, let's enjoy getting to know these characters together.

Scout Finch

• Scout, whose full name is Jean Louise Finch, serves as the narrator of the novel. She is a young girl at the beginning of the story, known for her tomboyish nature and inquisitive mind.
• Throughout the novel, Scout matures and gains a deeper understanding of the world around her, particularly regarding issues of race and injustice.
• She is fiercely loyal to her family, especially her father, Atticus, whom she greatly admires.
• Scout's growth is evident as she learns valuable lessons about empathy and compassion, largely influenced by the events surrounding Tom Robinson's trial.
• She challenges societal norms and expectations, often questioning the unfairness and hypocrisy she observes in Maycomb.

Atticus Finch

• Atticus Finch is Scout, and Jem's father is a widowed lawyer who is respected for his integrity and moral fortitude.
• He serves as a moral compass in the novel, consistently advocating for justice and fairness, even in the face of overwhelming prejudice.
• Atticus is a symbol of rationality and compassion, encouraging his children to empathize with others and stand up for what is right.
• His defense of Tom Robinson showcases his unwavering commitment to the principles of equality and fairness despite knowing the societal backlash he will face.
• Atticus is portrayed as a flawed yet principled individual, grappling with the complexities of morality and the limitations of the legal system.
• Jem Finch is Scout's older brother, known for his protective nature and sense of justice.
• He undergoes significant growth throughout the novel, particularly in his understanding of the realities of prejudice and injustice.
• Jem idolizes his father, Atticus, and aspires to emulate his principles of integrity and courage.
• The trial of Tom Robinson deeply affects Jem, challenging his belief in the inherent fairness of the justice system.
• His innocence is gradually eroded as he confronts the harsh realities of racism and discrimination, ultimately leading to a loss of childhood innocence.
• Boo Radley, whose real name is Arthur Radley, is a reclusive neighbor of the Finch family, rumored to be mentally unstable and dangerous.
• Throughout the novel, Boo is a mysterious and enigmatic figure, serving as a source of fascination for Scout, Jem, and Dill.
• Despite his initial portrayal as a sinister figure, Boo ultimately proves to be a kind and compassionate individual, protecting Scout and Jem from harm.
• Boo's character symbolizes the theme of empathy and the dangers of prejudice, as he is misunderstood and judged based on rumors and gossip.
• His act of saving the children highlights the importance of looking beyond superficial appearances and embracing humanity in others.
• Bob Ewell is a poor, racist, and abusive white man in Maycomb, known for his vengeful nature and disregard for others.
• He accuses Tom Robinson of raping his daughter, Mayella, despite evidence suggesting otherwise.
• Bob represents the epitome of prejudice and ignorance in Maycomb, willing to sacrifice an innocent man to preserve his own reputation and maintain the status quo.
• His actions serve as a stark contrast to the integrity and compassion embodied by characters like Atticus and Boo Radley.
• Bob's attempt to seek revenge on Atticus ultimately leads to his own demise, underscoring the destructive nature of hatred and bigotry.

If you need essay writer for hire , feel free to contact us for a professional writing help. The novel might seem easy to understand at first, but is full of complex historical, social and racial issues that still exist in the US nowadays. We provide high quality services to help you receive the best grade possible on your writing tasks.

Essay Sample on Jem Finch

Experience the fusion of storytelling and critique in our sample essay, where Jem Finch analysis is brought to life through detailed exploration.

Plot Summary

"To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee is a classic novel set in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the 1930s. It follows the story of Scout Finch, a young girl, and her brother Jem as they navigate the complexities of race, class, and morality in the Deep South.

The novel is narrated by Scout, who recalls her childhood experiences with her brother, their friend Dill, and their father, Atticus Finch, a respected lawyer. The story begins with Scout, Jem, and Dill becoming fascinated by the mysterious Boo Radley, a reclusive neighbor rumored to be a dangerous figure. They try various schemes to catch a glimpse of him, but Atticus, who is a moral compass in the story, teaches them empathy and cautions against judging others.

The central plot of the novel revolves around Atticus defending Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman named Mayella Ewell. Despite overwhelming evidence of Tom's innocence, including Mayella's father, Bob Ewell's, evident abuse and prejudice, the racially biased jury convicts Tom. This trial serves as the focal point for exploring the deeply ingrained racism and injustice prevalent in Maycomb.

Throughout the novel, Scout and Jem confront various forms of prejudice and learn valuable lessons about empathy and integrity. They witness the harsh realities of racism as they observe the trial and experience personal encounters with bigotry. Their understanding of morality and justice is shaped by their father's unwavering commitment to doing what is right, even in the face of social pressure and personal danger.

The narrative also delves into the themes of childhood innocence, societal norms, and the loss of innocence. As Scout and Jem mature, they confront the complexities of human nature and grapple with the harsh realities of the adult world.

The climax of the novel occurs when Bob Ewell seeks revenge on Atticus by attacking Scout and Jem. Boo Radley, who has been watching over the children, intervenes and saves them, ultimately revealing himself to be a kind and compassionate person rather than the menacing figure they had imagined.

In the aftermath of the attack, Sheriff Heck Tate decides to protect Boo Radley from the public eye, understanding that his actions were justified and that exposing him to scrutiny would do more harm than good. Scout comes to realize the true meaning of empathy and humanity, as she sees Boo Radley as a victim of prejudice and misunderstanding.

"To Kill a Mockingbird" is a poignant exploration of the complexities of human nature and the enduring struggle for justice and equality. Through its vivid characters and evocative storytelling, the novel continues to resonate with readers, challenging them to confront their own prejudices and embrace the ideals of empathy and compassion.

Also, be sure to check out a Hamlet summary , as it might interest you. And remember, if you need help with law essay writing or any other type of student paper, our service is here for you. Feel free to reach out anytime.

Major Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird

Now, let’s analyze the major themes of the novel, which is particularly important if you’re writing an essay about To Kill a Mockingbird.

Racial Injustice and Prejudice : In "To Kill a Mockingbird," racism and prejudice play a big role. The unfair trial of Tom Robinson shows how racism is deeply embedded in Maycomb's legal system. Characters like Atticus Finch and Tom Robinson are treated badly just because of their skin color, while people like Bob Ewell spread harmful stereotypes. The book shows how racism hurts people and encourages readers to think about their own biases.

Loss of Innocence : The novel portrays the loss of innocence experienced by Scout and Jem Finch as they confront the harsh realities of the world. The trial of Tom Robinson shatters their belief in a fair society, marking a pivotal moment in their lives. Through encounters with Boo Radley and Atticus, they realize the complexities of morality and the presence of evil. The novel suggests that growing up inevitably involves facing the darker aspects of human nature and societal injustice.

Morality and Integrity : Themes of morality and integrity are explored through characters like Atticus Finch. Atticus serves as a moral guide, advocating for justice despite social pressure. His defense of Tom Robinson exemplifies his unwavering commitment to doing what is right. The novel teaches us that true morality lies in empathy, compassion, and a dedication to justice rather than societal norms or personal gain.

Social Class and Gender Roles : The book delves into social class and gender roles in the Deep South. Characters like the Finch family hold privilege, while others, like the Ewells, face poverty. Scout challenges gender expectations by embracing her tomboyish nature. "To Kill a Mockingbird" highlights how social hierarchies and gender norms contribute to inequality and injustice.

Empathy and Compassion : Empathy and compassion are recurring themes underscored by Atticus's teachings and exemplified by characters like Boo Radley. The novel emphasizes the importance of understanding others regardless of race or status. Those lacking empathy, like Bob Ewell, are depicted negatively, while compassionate figures like Atticus and Boo Radley are celebrated.

To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis Essay

Now that we've looked at the main themes, characters, and plot summary, you might still not feel totally ready to start your own essay on this topic. That's why we've put together 2 essay samples that analyze different aspects of the book. Take a closer look and use them as examples to guide your own To Kill a Mockingbird 5 paragraph essay writing. 

And if you'd rather explore a rhetorical analysis essay example , we've got you covered on that, too!

In Wrapping Up

As we wrap up, we hope you now have a better understanding of this truly inspiring novel. If you need additional assistance with your To Kill a Mockingbird Summary essay, don't hesitate to reach out by leaving us a message saying, ' write my papers for me .' We're here to support you with any urgent requests you may have. You're always welcome to buy an essay paper and receive expertly crafted work on any topic of your choice.

Feeling Stuck without Any Essay Topic Ideas?

Don't worry; our team of witty professionals is ready to rescue you!

What Is the Main Summary of To Kill a Mockingbird?

What is the main message of to kill a mockingbird, what is the main lesson in to kill a mockingbird, what does the mockingbird symbolize.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Everything You Need to Know About Analysing ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ for English | Summary, Context, Themes & Characters

One of the classics of American literature, ‘ To Kill a Mockingbird’ has been assigned to you for your English class and you need to conduct an essay analysis. Whether you’re looking for a summary of the themes in To Kill a Mockingbird or a quick refresher of the key characters or context, we’ve got you! 

You’ll also be able to download a copy of our analysed textual examples, as well as a sample paragraph so you can ace your tasks.

Let’s take a look together! 

To Kill a Mockingbird Summary Key Characters in To Kill a Mockingbird Symbols in To Kill a Mockingbird Context Themes Explored in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Analysis of To Kill a Mockingbird

Summary of To Kill a Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel that centres around the Finch family and is told through the perspective of Jean (nicknamed Scout), within the town of Maycomb, Alabama. Atticus, Jean’s father, is a prominent lawyer and the family lives relatively comfortably despite the impacts of the Great Depression. 

Image sourced from Wikimedia Commons

Scout, her brother Jem and their friend Dill spend the summer together where Dill eventually becomes fascinated by the Radley’s house where Boo Radley, a mysterious and ghostly figure that is the topic of much speculation and stories for the children of Maycomb .

Scout and Jem find gifts in the knothole of a tree on the Radley property, but Nathan Radley chases the children off the property and eventually seals up the knothole. When a fire breaks out, Jem tells Atticus that Boo is caused it. 

Access the To Kill a Mockingbird Downloadable Sample Paragraph and Examples of Analysis

The climax of the novel arrives when Atticus agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a Black man who has been accused of raping a white woman. As a result, Scout and Jem get bullied by other children in their conservative, racist town.

At a pivotal moment, Mrs Dubose, the neighbour of the Finch family, harasses the children and Jem lashes out by destroying her garden.

As punishment, Atticus tells Jem to read to Mrs Dubose every day, explaining to the children that she is addicted to morphine and trying to overcome her addiction. Thus, despite the children’s initial indignation, Atticus teaches them an important lesson in empathy and perspective. 

When Tom Robinson’s trial begins, he is held in the local courthouse where a group of people gather planning to lynch him. Atticus confronts the group the night before the trial, where Jem and Scout sneak out of the house to join him.

Recognising one of the men, Scout gently asks him how his son is doing, unknowingly shaming him and causing the group the disperse. 

At the trial, the siblings choose to sit with the town’s Black citizens as Atticus presents clear evidence that Mayella and Bob Ewell are lying about the rape.

Atticus demonstrates that the injuries on Mayella’s face are wounds from Bob when he found her with Tom. However, despite the convincing evidence indicating Tom’s innocence, the all-white jury convicts him. 

Tom is killed later on when he tries to escape prison. Additionally, despite his success at the trial, Bob Ewell feels that he has been made a fool and takes revenge.

First, he harasses Tom’s widow before finally attacking Jem and Scout as they walk home from a party. However, the children are saved by Boo Radley who fatally stabs Ewell during the struggle.

Boo carries an injured Jem home and Atticus insists that Ewell tripped over a tree root and fell on his knife to protect Boo.  The novel ends with Scout walking Boo home and reflecting on the events of the novel and the complexities of humanity. 

Key Characters in To Kill a Mockingbird

Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch is the main character and we first met her when she is 6 years old, although it is narrated by an older Scout who is reflecting and looking back on her life. Through her, we learn about the town, her family and what it was like to live in the early 1930s during the Great Depression and the racial tensions that existed during that time.  

Atticus Finch Atticus Finch is a single father in To Kill a Mockingbird who is appointed as the defence lawyer for a Black man who is accused of raping a White woman. Throughout the novel, Atticus teaches the children about empathy and how to view situations from different people’s perspectives instead of judging them harshly. 

Jem Finch Jem Finch is Scout’s older brother who looks up to their father a lot. As an older brother, Jem accompanies Scout for a lot of her adventures and it is evident that the two are close. Being older, we watch Jem mature and often understand issues that Scout still does not. 

Tom Robinson Tom Robinson is the Black man who Atticus defends during the rape trial. During the trial, there is compelling evidence that Tom is innocent and that the Ewells falsely accused him of rape. Despite this, Tom Robinson is found guilty due to the jury’s racial prejudice. 

Boo Radley Arthur ‘Boo’ Radley is the Finch’s mysterious neighbour which the children in the town often speculate and make up scary stories about him. While he was a teenager, Boo was part of a gang of boys who caused trouble in Maycomb by drinking and gambling. As a result of this, he was locked in his home for many years and not allowed out. However, he has a soft spot for the children, leaving them gifts in the knothole of a tree and saving Jem when he is attacked by Bob Ewell. 

Symbols in To Kill a Mockingbird

Mockingbird In “To Kill a Mockingbird,” the symbolic significance of the mockingbird resonates deeply. It represents innocence and goodness . Atticus Finch’s advice to his children, Scout and Jem, to never harm a mockingbird metaphorically extends beyond the bird itself. The innocent characters like Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are likened to mockingbirds, as they bring no harm but are subjected to cruelty and injustice due to societal prejudices .

The Radley Place The ominous Radley house and its reclusive occupants, particularly Boo Radley, symbolise the fear of the unknown . The town’s gossip and myths surrounding the Radleys serve as a reflection of the community’s prejudiced attitudes. Boo Radley, initially feared and misunderstood, eventually becomes a symbol of compassion and kindness, challenging the town’s preconceived notions.

These symbols intricately weave into the narrative, adding layers of depth to the novel’s themes of innocence, prejudice, empathy, and the complexities of morality and human behavior.

To Kill a Mockingbird is set in Alabama during the 1930s, allowing Harper Lee to explore the impact of racism and the Great Depression on people. While slavery had been abolished in 1890, most White Americans continued to hold racial prejudices against them.

Segregation laws meant that Black people were separated from White people. This is reflected in Maycomb where they live in a separate part of town and even sit in a separate area during Tom Robinson’s trial. 

Image sourced from Britannica

Additionally, Lee demonstrates the racism in America during this time through the town’s response to Atticus agreeing to defend Tom and his subsequent trial. From the children being harassed, the attempted lynching of Tom and finally being found guilty by the jury despite overwhelming proof of his innocence, the novel demonstrates how racism affected Black people in all aspects of their lives during this time. 

While the novel was set in the 1930s, Lee wrote it during the 1960s when the Civil Rights Movement was happening . The legal system continued to be discriminatory towards Black people, thus many of the racial themes that Lee explores in the novel would easily be recognisable to the public when the book was published.

The continued relevance of To Kill a Mockingbird during the 21st century can still be seen in the Black Lives Matter movement in America and ongoing racial injustices. 

Image sourced from Minnesota Historical Society

Themes Explored in To Kill a Mockingbird

As you read through To Kill a Mockingbird, you will encounter themes such as:

• Empathy and courage
• Loss of innocence 

The Complexities of Humanity

To Kill a Mockingbird explores the complexities of humanity and how both good and evil can exist at the same time within people. Told through the perspective of Scout between the ages of 6-9, readers are offered an opportunity to watch Scout mature while also learning alongside her. 

Social Prejudice

Themes of social prejudice are also strong within the novel, featuring various social outcasts from Mrs Dubose who is a morphine addict, Boo Radley and the Black citizens of Maycomb.

Through these characters, Lee is able to explore the different prejudices society often holds and encourages us to be empathetic to people we may think of as unpleasant or weird due to their differences or behaviours. Instead, we are encouraged to see a different point of view and “climb into his skin and walk around in it”. 

The Enduring Relevance of the Text

While To Kill a Mockingbird was set in the 1930s and written in the 1960s, many of the themes continue to remain relevant more than 50 years later. It is likely that your English classes will ask you to consider why we continue to study this book and what it teaches us about social prejudices.

While segregation may be a thing of the past, themes like racism’s impact on the justice system can still be seen in movements like Black Lives Matter. Additionally, while the book deals with racism specifically, social prejudices like how we interact with people from different backgrounds, those with a disability or LGBTQ+ people can also be examined through this book. 

Events to Keep in Mind

While Tom Robinson’s case is the climax of the novel, there are various characters and events that you should keep a lookout for as well!

From the children going to the Black church, their interactions with Mrs Dubose and Boo Radley — there are various events where the children build empathy and challenge their own opinions of other citizens in the town , providing an opportunity for the readers to learn alongside them too. 

How to Analyse To Kill a Mockingbird in 3 Steps

Usually, when students try to write their essay for To Kill a Mockingbird, or any other text, they’ll try to work on their thesis first when responding to an essay question — however, we recommend starting with your analysis!

Doing this will allow you to expand your knowledge of the text before thoroughly answering anything about it. Once you’ve analysed your text, then you can draw ideas from it and properly build your thesis.

We’re going to walk you through writing up an essay analysis for To Kill a Mockingbird in three simple steps!

Step 1: Choose your example

When picking an example ensure that you are able to identify a technique in the text.

Here, we have chosen to look at Atticus’s statement to the Court and jury at Tom Robinson’s trial:

“We know all men are not created equal in the sense some people would have us believe – some people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because they’re born with it, some men make more money than others, some ladies make better cakes than others… But there is one way in this country in which all men have been created equal… That institution, gentlemen, is a court.”

This is quite a long quote from To Kill a Mockingbird, so remember when you’re actually writing up your analysis for your essay, you don’t actually need to include the complete quote — just excerpts.

We’ve got a list of 50 quotes that you should check out from To Kill a Mockingbird!

Step 2: Identify your technique(s)

Ensure that the technique you choose for your quote supports your analysis or helps you to build your argument.  

To enhance your response, you want to discuss techniques that have a lot more depth — you should keep an eye out for any literary techniques such as metaphors, similes and motifs!

For the above quote, there is repetition, cumulative listing, inclusive language and allusion. 

Step 3: Write the analysis

When writing the analysis, focus on the effect of the technique and how it supports your argument. In this case, we are going to analyse how the quote addresses the theme of racial prejudices. 

The opening of “we know all men are not created equal” subverts the American declaration of independence , as Atticus utilises cumulative listing to demonstrate all the ways in which men and women are not equal.

However, he also reminds the jury during this trial that the law is a “way in this country in which all men have been created equal”, alluding to the American Declaration of Independence and the core values of the nation . Analysis for this quote may look like: 

Atticus, aware that the jury is likely to find Tom Robinson guilty despite strong evidence of his innocence due to the racial prejudices the White jury is likely to hold tries to challenge this t hrough the inclusive language of in “we know all men are not created equal”, Atticus presents the jury and the defence as being on the same side. Furthermore, the allusion to the core American values when he states “in this country there is one way all men have been created equal”, creates an appeal to both the jury’s sense of justice and core American values. 

Need to write a Feature Article on ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’? Look no further than this incredible in-depth guide to help you ace your writing!

Need some help analysing other texts?

Check out other texts we’ve created guides for below:

• All the Light We Cannot See
• Lord of the Flies
• The Meursault Investigation
• In Cold Blood
• Pride and Prejudice
• Jasper Jones
• Romeo and Juliet

Read also: how to write a feature article for English ! 

Are you looking for some extra help with your essay analysis of To Kill a Mockingbird?

We have an incredible team of qce tutors and mentors.

We can help you master your essay analysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by taking you through the summary, key characters and themes. We’ll also help you ace your upcoming English assessments with personalised lessons conducted one-on-one in your home or online!

We’ve supported over  8,000 students over the last 11 years , and on average our students score mark improvements of over 20%!

To find out more and get started with an inspirational QCE tutor and mentor,   get in touch today  or give us a ring on  1300 267 888!

Tiffany Fong is currently completing a double degree in Media and Communications with Law at Macquarie University. She currently contributes to the university zine, Grapeshot where she enjoys writing feature articles, commentary on current affairs or whatever weird interest that has taken over her mind during that month. During her spare time, Tiffany enjoys reading, writing, taking care of her plants or cuddling with her two dogs. 

• Topics: ✏️ English , ✍️ Learn

Related Articles

The extensive guide to analysing shakespeare’s ‘the tempest’: summary, context, characters & themes, the definitive guide to analysing shakespeare’s ‘romeo and juliet’: summary, context, themes & characters, the ultimate guide to analysing lord of the flies for english: summary, themes & characters, 45,861 students have a head start....

Get exclusive study content & advice from our team of experts delivered weekly to your inbox!

Looking for English Support?

Discover how we can help you!

We provide services in

To Kill a Mockingbird

105 pages • 3 hours read

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.

Before You Read

Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapters 1-4

Chapters 5-8

Chapters 9-12

Chapters 13-16

Chapters 17-20

Chapters 21-24

Chapters 25-28

Chapters 29-31

Character Analysis

Symbols & Motifs

Important Quotes

Essay Topics

Further Reading & Resources

Discussion Questions

Summary and Study Guide

To Kill a Mockingbird  is a Pulitzer-Prize-winning novel written by Harper Lee and originally published in 1960. The book is widely regarded as an American classic and, until recently, was the only novel Lee had published. To Kill a Mockingbird was inspired by events and observations that took place in Lee’s hometown. Set in the Great Depression, from 1932 to 1935, the novel is narrated by a young girl named Scout, whose coming-of-age experiences closely mirror Lee’s.

To Kill a Mockingbird follows the lives of three children: Scout; her brother, Jem; and their friend, Dill. In the beginning, the novel focuses on the wild imaginations of the three children as they entertain themselves during the summer in Maycomb, Alabama. Maycomb is a quiet town with deep-seated social hierarchies based on race, class, and how long each family has lived there. Within their respective social groups, Maycomb’s residents are closely-knit, to the point of being (both metaphorically and literally) incestuous, and gossip runs wild about any person who diverges from social norms.

Children and local gossips, such as Miss Stephanie , spread tall tales about Scout and Jem’s reclusive neighbor, Arthur “Boo” Radley . These tales paint Boo as a mysterious and deadly figure, claiming he stabbed his father with a pair of scissors, poisons the nuts that fall from the trees on the Radley property, and haunts the streets of Maycomb at night. Fascinated and terrified by these tales, Scout, Jem, and Dill spend the summer forming elaborate plans to make Boo come out of his house. After two summers of this, they notice that someone begins leaving them small gifts in the knothole of a tree on the Radley’s lot. They assume it is Boo—though they never lay eyes on him—and are devastated when Boo’s older brother, Nathan Radley , fills the tree’s knothole with cement.

Shortly thereafter, a much greater problem begins to stir in Maycomb. Scout’s father, a lawyer named Atticus Finch , is assigned to defend a Black man, Tom Robinson , who is accused of raping a White woman. Atticus is a thoughtful man who believes it is his civic duty to provide a fair defense for Tom Robinson, despite the disapproval of prejudiced townsfolk in Maycomb.

As local children and adults alike taunt the Finch family for Atticus’ actions, Atticus advises Scout and Jem to hold their heads high and appreciate situations from others’ perspectives. This appreciation plays a major role in a later scene, wherein a threatening mob gathers at the jail where Tom Robinson is held. As Atticus stands between the mob and Tom, Scout and Jem run forward to protect their father. Scout identifies someone she knows within the mob, Mr. Cunningham, and  attempts to speak kindly (though naively) to him about his son, his family, and his financial situation. Mr. Cunningham is moved to shame by Scout’s efforts to empathize with him, and he calls off the mob.

Throughout the trial of Tom Robinson, Atticus presents evidence that Tom is not responsible for the crime. In fact, Tom is the victim of multiple advances by his accuser, Mayella Ewell . Strong evidence indicates that the true abuser is actually Mayella’s father, Bob Ewell. However, because this is a small, racially divided southern town, the jury ultimately finds Tom Robinson guilty of the crime despite all the evidence to the contrary. Ultimately, Tom attempts to escape from prison and is shot dead.

After the trial concludes, Bob Ewell accuses Atticus of ruining his honor and vows to get revenge. He tries to break into the judge’s house, torments Tom’s widow, and attacks Scout and Jem while they walk home after a school Halloween pageant. During the attack, a mysterious figure comes to their rescue and carries Jem home to safety. When she returns home, Scout realizes their rescuer is Boo Radley.

The sheriff arrives to find that Bob Ewell was killed in the fight. He and Atticus discuss the implications of charging Jem, whom Atticus believes is responsible, or Boo, whom the Sheriff believes is responsible. In the end, the sheriff decides the most ethical course of action is to tell a white lie: that Bob Ewell drunkenly fell on his own knife.

Boo asks Scout to walk him home, and once they reach his door, he disappears again. Scout imagines what life is like from Boo’s perspective and develops a mature understanding of the human condition.

To Kill a Mockingbird  addresses themes of violence, power, and racial injustice. Guided by Scout’s childhood perspective, the novel dually serves as a “bildungsroman”—examining the formative experiences of a young girl—and a deconstruction of the time, place, and social climate she grew up in.

Content Warning

Some characters in To Kill a Mockingbird use racist language. This study guide aims not to reproduce that language and avoids quoting it. 

Related Titles

By Harper Lee

Go Set A Watchman

Featured Collections

American Literature

View Collection

Audio Study Guides

Banned Books Week

Books Made into Movies

Books that Teach Empathy

Coming-of-Age Journeys

Community Reads

Pulitzer Prize Fiction Awardees &...

Southern Gothic

• Ask LitCharts AI
• Discussion Question Generator
• Essay Prompt Generator
• Quiz Question Generator

• Literature Guides
• Poetry Guides
• Shakespeare Translations
• Literary Terms

To Kill a Mockingbird

Ask LitCharts AI: The answer to your questions

Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

To Kill a Mockingbird: Introduction

To kill a mockingbird: plot summary, to kill a mockingbird: detailed summary & analysis, to kill a mockingbird: themes, to kill a mockingbird: quotes, to kill a mockingbird: characters, to kill a mockingbird: symbols, to kill a mockingbird: literary devices, to kill a mockingbird: theme wheel, brief biography of harper lee.

Historical Context of To Kill a Mockingbird

Other books related to to kill a mockingbird.

• Full Title: To Kill a Mockingbird
• When Written: 1950-1960
• Where Written: New York City and Monroeville, Alabama
• When Published: 1960
• Literary Period: Modernism
• Genre: Bildungsroman; Social Novel
• Setting: The fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama during the Great Depression
• Climax: The trial of Tom Robinson; or when Bob Ewell attacks Scout and Jem
• Antagonist: Bob Ewell; more broadly, racism and mob mentality
• Point of View: First Person

Extra Credit for To Kill a Mockingbird

“Dill” Capote. The character of Dill is based on Harper Lee’s real-life childhood friend, Truman Capote, who went on to become a national literary star in his own right. He wrote the bestselling true crime book In Cold Blood .

Atticus in Real Life. Harper Lee became close friends with Gregory Peck, the actor who played Atticus in the Academy Award-winning film adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird . She remained close with his family after Peck died, and Peck’s grandson is even named Harper after her.

• Quizzes, saving guides, requests, plus so much more.

• History & Society
• Science & Tech
• Biographies
• Animals & Nature
• Geography & Travel
• Arts & Culture
• Games & Quizzes
• On This Day
• One Good Fact
• New Articles
• Lifestyles & Social Issues
• Philosophy & Religion
• Politics, Law & Government
• World History
• Health & Medicine
• Browse Biographies
• Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates
• Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates
• Environment
• Fossils & Geologic Time
• Entertainment & Pop Culture
• Sports & Recreation
• Visual Arts
• Demystified
• Image Galleries
• Infographics
• Top Questions
• Britannica Kids
• Saving Earth
• Space Next 50
• Student Center
• Introduction & Top Questions

Plot summary

• Analysis, adaptations, and Go Set a Watchman

What is To Kill a Mockingbird about?

What inspired harper lee to write to kill a mockingbird , how did people respond to to kill a mockingbird , why is to kill a mockingbird a significant text, is there a sequel to to kill a mockingbird .

To Kill a Mockingbird

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

• National Endowment for the Arts - To Kill a Mockingbird
• Encyclopedia of Alabama - To Kill A Mockingbird
• Internet Archive - "To Kill a Mockingbird"
• Academia - To Kill a Mockingbird: Race, Class and Innocence in the Contemporary Society INTRODUCTION
• To Kill a Mockingbird - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
• Table Of Contents

To Kill a Mockingbird is set in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression (1929–39). The story centres on Jean Louise (“Scout”) Finch, an unusually intelligent girl who ages from six to nine years old during the novel. She and her brother, Jeremy Atticus (“Jem”), are raised by their widowed father, Atticus Finch. Atticus is a well-known and respected lawyer. He teaches his children to be empathetic and just, always leading by example.

When Tom Robinson, one of the town’s Black residents, is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a young white woman, Atticus agrees to defend him despite threats from the community. Although Atticus presents a defense that gives a more plausible interpretation of the evidence—that Mayella was attacked by her father, Bob Ewell—Tom is convicted. He is later killed while trying to escape custody. The children, meanwhile, play out their own miniaturized drama. Scout and Jem become especially interested in the town recluse, Arthur (“Boo”) Radley, who interacts with them by leaving them small gifts in a tree. On Halloween, when Bob Ewell tries to attack Scout and Jem, Boo intervenes and saves them. Boo ultimately kills Ewell. The sheriff, however, decides to tell the community that Ewell’s death was an accident.

It is widely believed that Harper Lee based the character of Atticus Finch on her father, Amasa Coleman Lee, a compassionate and dedicated lawyer. The plot of To Kill a Mockingbird was reportedly inspired in part by his unsuccessful defense of two African American men—a father and a son—accused of murdering a white storekeeper. The fictional character of Charles Baker (“Dill”) Harris also has a real-life counterpart. Dill is based on the author Truman Capote , Lee’s childhood friend and next-door neighbour in Monroeville, Alabama. (After the spectacular success of To Kill a Mockingbird , some speculated that Capote was the actual author of Lee’s work. This rumour was not put to rest until 2006.) There is some anecdotal evidence that the town recluse, Arthur (“Boo”) Radley, was based on Lee and Capote’s childhood neighbour, Son Boulware. According to Capote, Boo “was a real man, and he lived just down the road from us.…Everything [Lee] wrote about it is absolutely true.”

Harper Lee began writing To Kill a Mockingbird in the mid-1950s. It was published in 1960, just before the peak of the American civil rights movement . Initial critical responses to the novel were mixed. Many critics praised Lee for her sensitive treatment of a child’s awakening to racism and prejudice. Others, however, criticized the novel’s tendency to sermonize. Some reviewers argued that the narrative voice was unconvincing. The novel was nonetheless enormously popular with contemporary audiences. To Kill a Mockingbird flourished in the racially charged environment of the United States in the early 1960s. In its first year it sold about 500,000 copies. A year after the publication of the novel, Lee was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for fiction.

Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is one of the best-known and most widely read books in the United States. Since its publication in 1960, the novel has been translated into some 40 languages and has sold more than 40 million copies worldwide. A staple on American high- school reading lists, the novel has inspired numerous stage and film adaptations, the most notable of which was the 1962 film starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. Lee’s novel continues to resonate with audiences today; in 2018 a stage adaptation of the novel debuted to rave reviews on Broadway.

In 2015 Harper Lee published a second novel titled Go Set a Watchman . Although it was technically written before To Kill a Mockingbird , the novel is essentially a sequel. Go Set a Watchman is set 20 years after the events of To Kill a Mockingbird . In the novel, Jean Louise (”Scout”) Finch—now a grown woman living in New York City—returns to her childhood home in Alabama to visit her aging father, who has embraced racist views. Despite the controversy surrounding its publication (some believe the novel is actually an early draft of To Kill a Mockingbird ), the novel reportedly sold 1.1 million copies in its first week.

To Kill a Mockingbird , novel by American author Harper Lee , published in 1960. Enormously popular, it was translated into some 40 languages, sold more than 40 million copies worldwide , and is one of the most-assigned novels in American schools. In 1961 it won a Pulitzer Prize . The novel was praised for its sensitive treatment of a child’s awakening to racism and prejudice in the American South .

To Kill a Mockingbird takes place in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression . The protagonist is Jean Louise (“Scout”) Finch, an intelligent though unconventional girl who ages from six to nine years old during the course of the novel. She is raised with her brother, Jeremy Atticus (“Jem”), by their widowed father, Atticus Finch . He is a prominent lawyer who encourages his children to be empathetic and just. He notably tells them that it is “a sin to kill a mockingbird ,” alluding to the fact that the birds are innocent and harmless.

When Tom Robinson, one of the town’s Black residents, is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman, Atticus agrees to defend him despite threats from the community . At one point he faces a mob intent on lynching his client but refuses to abandon him. Scout unwittingly diffuses the situation. Although Atticus presents a defense that gives a more plausible interpretation of the evidence—that Mayella was attacked by her father, Bob Ewell—Tom is convicted, and he is later killed while trying to escape custody. A character compares his death to “the senseless slaughter of songbirds,” paralleling Atticus’s saying about the mockingbird.

The children, meanwhile, play out their own miniaturized drama of prejudice and superstition as they become interested in Arthur (“Boo”) Radley , a reclusive neighbour who is a local legend . They have their own ideas about him and cannot resist the allure of trespassing on the Radley property. Their speculations thrive on the dehumanization perpetuated by their elders. Atticus, however, reprimands them and tries to encourage a more sensitive attitude. Boo makes his presence felt indirectly through a series of benevolent acts, finally intervening when Bob Ewell attacks Jem and Scout. Boo kills Ewell, but Heck Tate, the sheriff, believes it is better to say that Ewell’s death occurred when he fell on his own knife, sparing the shy Boo from unwanted attention. Scout agrees, noting that to do otherwise would be “sort of like shootin’ a mockingbird.”

Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Books — To Kill a Mockingbird

Essays on To Kill a Mockingbird

To kill a mockingbird essay topic examples.

You can analyze its themes in argumentative essays, compare and contrast characters or themes, describe the book's settings, persuade readers about certain points, or narrate personal experiences related to the novel's themes. These essay ideas allow you to dive into the world of "To Kill a Mockingbird" from various angles, making it easier to understand and engage with the story.

Argumentative Essays

Argumentative essays require you to analyze and present arguments related to the novel. Here are some topic examples:

• 1. Analyze the portrayal of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird and its relevance in today's society.
• 2. Argue whether Atticus Finch is an ideal role model for modern fathers.

Example Introduction Paragraph for an Argumentative Essay: Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird shines a spotlight on the persistent issue of racial injustice in the American South. This essay delves into the novel's portrayal of this injustice and its enduring relevance in the contemporary world, examining the lessons it offers for addressing social inequality.

Example Conclusion Paragraph for an Argumentative Essay: In conclusion, the analysis of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird underscores the novel's power to inspire meaningful conversations about equity and justice. As we grapple with these issues today, we are reminded of the importance of empathy and compassion in fostering positive change.

Compare and Contrast Essays

Compare and contrast essays enable you to examine similarities and differences within the novel or between it and other literary works. Consider these topics:

• 1. Compare and contrast the characters of Scout and Jem Finch, exploring their individual growth and experiences.
• 2. Analyze the similarities and differences between the themes of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird and The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas.

Example Introduction Paragraph for a Compare and Contrast Essay: Siblings often share profound bonds, yet their experiences can be remarkably distinct. This essay embarks on a journey to compare and contrast Scout and Jem Finch, the young siblings in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird , exploring the unique paths they navigate and the growth they experience throughout the novel.

Example Conclusion Paragraph for a Compare and Contrast Essay: In conclusion, the comparison and contrast of Scout and Jem Finch offer insights into the complexity of individual growth and sibling dynamics in To Kill a Mockingbird . As we consider their journeys, we are reminded of the transformative power of empathy and understanding in family relationships.

Descriptive Essays

Descriptive essays allow you to vividly depict settings, characters, or events within the novel. Here are some topic ideas:

• 1. Describe the atmospheric details of Maycomb, the fictional town in To Kill a Mockingbird , and its impact on the story.
• 2. Paint a detailed portrait of Boo Radley, focusing on his mysterious nature and significance in the narrative.

Example Introduction Paragraph for a Descriptive Essay: Maycomb, the setting of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird , is not just a backdrop but a character in its own right. This essay embarks on a descriptive journey to capture the atmospheric details of Maycomb, immersing the reader in the town's unique ambiance and its profound influence on the story.

Example Conclusion Paragraph for a Descriptive Essay: In conclusion, the descriptive portrayal of Maycomb in To Kill a Mockingbird not only sets the stage but also evokes a sense of nostalgia and reflection. Through this exploration, we are reminded of the power of place in shaping our narratives and perceptions.

Persuasive Essays

Persuasive essays involve arguing a point of view related to the novel. Consider these persuasive topics:

• 1. Persuade your readers that Atticus Finch's defense of Tom Robinson is an act of moral courage.
• 2. Argue for or against the idea that To Kill a Mockingbird should be a mandatory part of high school curricula.

Example Introduction Paragraph for a Persuasive Essay: Atticus Finch's unwavering defense of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird resonates as a symbol of moral courage. This persuasive essay asserts that Atticus's actions embody the essence of moral heroism, inviting readers to reflect on the qualities that define true bravery.

Example Conclusion Paragraph for a Persuasive Essay: In conclusion, the persuasive argument regarding Atticus Finch's moral courage underscores the enduring significance of his character in To Kill a Mockingbird . As we contemplate his actions, we are compelled to consider the qualities that inspire us to stand up for justice and equality.

Narrative Essays

Narrative essays offer you the opportunity to tell a story or share personal experiences related to the themes of the novel. Explore these narrative essay topics:

• 1. Narrate a personal experience where you encountered prejudice and discrimination similar to the themes in To Kill a Mockingbird .
• 2. Imagine yourself as a character in Maycomb and recount your interactions with the Finch family and Boo Radley.

Example Introduction Paragraph for a Narrative Essay: Prejudice and discrimination are unfortunately common experiences in our world. This narrative essay delves into a personal encounter with these themes, drawing parallels to the themes explored in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird .

Example Conclusion Paragraph for a Narrative Essay: In conclusion, the narrative of my personal encounter with prejudice and discrimination underscores the enduring relevance of the themes in To Kill a Mockingbird . As we reflect on the challenges of our own lives, we are encouraged to confront injustice and champion the values of empathy and equality.

Chapter 16 Analysis in to Kill a Mockingbird

Examples of coming of age in literature, made-to-order essay as fast as you need it.

Each essay is customized to cater to your unique preferences

+ experts online

Theme of Self Confidence in Literature

The theme of courage in to kill a mocking bird, a novel by harper lee, a theme of innocence and growing up in to kill a mockingbird, social injustice in to kill a mockingbird, let us write you an essay from scratch.

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

The Prejudice of Race, Gender and Social Class in The Novel "To Kill a Mockingbird"

Negative impacts of social injustice on people in to kill a mockingbird, harper lee's representation of the theme of racism in to kill a mockingbird, harper lee’s depiction of racial inequality in america in her book, to kill a mockingbird, get a personalized essay in under 3 hours.

Expert-written essays crafted with your exact needs in mind

To Kill a Mockingbird: is Mayella Powerful

To kill a mockingbird by harper lee: compassion for mayella ewell, analysis of mayella ewell's character in to kill a mockingbird, the courage of atticus finch in "to kill a mockingbird", a loss of innocence in to kill a mockingbird, "to kill a mockingbird": life lessons learned by scout, loss of innocence in "to kill a mockingbird" by harper lee, the process of scout's maturing in to kill a mockingbird, analysis of atticus finch as a static character in "to kill a mockingbird", characterization of jem the visionary in to kill a mockingbird, dill’s realization of the consequences of prejudice in to kill a mockingbird, who’s afraid of boo radley: 'to kill a mockingbird', the theme of justice in lee’s to kill a mockingbird, characteristics of boo radley in "to kill a mockingbird", analysis of the key themes in "to kill a mockingbird", the role of setting in to kill a mockingbird, the theme of courage in 'to kill a mockingbird', critical analysis of 'to kill a mockingbird' film adaptation, to kill a mockingbird: the analysis of a true lawyer and a worthy person, moral courage, prejudice and justice in to kill a mockingbird.

July 11, 1960, Harper Lee

Novel; Thriller, Southern Gothic, Domestic Fiction, Legal Story, Bildungsroman

Atticus Finch, Scout Finch, Jem Finch, Dill Harris, Calpurnia, Aunt Alexandria, John Finch, Arthur Radley

It is partially based on Lee Harper's childhood, which is why the story is told by the child protagonist.

The loss of innocence, prejudice, racial challenges, honor, childhood, friendship, loss of innocence. The most powerful aspect is the very meaning behind "to kill a mockingbird", which means to destroy the innocence. It is made clear by Scout when he asks to "remember [that] it's a sin to kill a mockingbird". The flowers also symbolize patience and understanding, which are reflected by the white camellia flower.

To Kill a Mockingbird is not an easy book to read, yet it quickly became a symbol for the Civil Rights Movement all over the world. It teaches us about being brave, about injustice that must not be ignored, inequality around us, poverty, racism, corruption, anger control, innocence, oppression, hatred, and judging others. Reading this book reminds us of hope, patience, being equal to each other, and fighting for being brave and true.

The story starts when Tom Robinson, an African American male is accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman, the local lawyer called Atticus agrees to defend Tom even though he receives threats from the community. Even when things are quickly getting dangerous, Atticus refuses to leave his client. His young son Scout unwittingly helps to settle down the challenge.

The book has almost been called "Atticus" instead of the famous title that we know so well. Harper Lee was writing only one manuscript page per day even though she worked for about 12 hours a day. The character of Atticus Finch has been inspired by Lee's father who also worked as the lawyer and defended African American clients. The book has helped to create a cottage industry in the author's hometown, which has started with a museum. Lee Harper decided to choose her middle name instead of "Nelle", which she was afraid could be mispronounced. To Kill a Mockingbird became one of the most beloved books in the American literary history. The character of Dill has been based on author's childhood friend Truman Capote who has also used her personality's character in his "Other Voices, Other Rooms" novel that has been published in 1948.

"The one thing that doesn't abide by majority rule is a person's conscience." "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. Until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it." "Mockingbirds don't do one thing except make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corn cribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." "It's never an insult to be called what somebody thinks is a bad name. It just shows you how poor that person is, it doesn't hurt you." "I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what."

The main factor in To Kill a Mockingbird is teaching one's children and reminding each other about the dangers of prejudice and judging others. Providing an example of defending a black male in the American South shows that one must always keep the faith and seek the truth regardless of the conditions.

It is one of the most influential civil rights movement works in English literature and a symbolism of social challenge, culture, courage, defense of truth, and justice. It is also an essay topic where a person learns about prejudice and understanding that one has to be in another person's shoes to see and understand what it is like. Choosing this book as an essay topic, middle school, high school, and college students learn about justice, honor, and courage.

1. Macaluso, M. (2017). Teaching To kill a mockingbird today: Coming to terms with race, racism, and America's novel. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 61(3), 279-287. (https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jaal.678) 2. Tanış, A., & Cengizhan, L. (2010). Analyzing the novel “to kill a Mockingbird” in literature class. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4387-4391. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187704281000738X) 3. Al-Mamoory, S., & Witwit, M. A. (2021). Critical Discourse Analysis of Opression in''To Kill a Mockingbird''. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 9(02), 11-24. (http://journals.researchub.org/index.php/jsshr/article/view/1243) 4. Stiltner, M. A. (2002). Don't put your shoes on the bed: A moral analysis of “To Kill a Mockingbird”. East Tennessee State University.(https://www.proquest.com/openview/fa19ac9b0047942ce79bc14a55116582/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y) 5. Khokhar, M. I., & Mashori, G. M. (2018). Marxist Analysis of to Kill A Mockingbird According To Peter Barry. Journal of Grassroot, 52(2). (https://www.prdb.pk/article/marxist-analysis-of-to-kill-a-mockingbird-according-to-peter-2526) 6. Shackelford, D. (1996). The Female Voice in" To Kill a Mockingbird": Narrative Strategies in Film and Novel. The Mississippi Quarterly, 50(1), 101-113. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26475781) 7. Sastrawijaya, M. D. (2021). The Character and Moral Values in “to Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee. INFERENCE: Journal of English Language Teaching, 3(1), 81-87. (https://journal.lppmunindra.ac.id/index.php/inference/article/view/6070) 8. Winarni, B., Nugroho, A., & Fatimah, S. (2013). Affection And Prejudice In To Kill A Mockingbird Novel By Harper Lee (1960): A Psychoanalytic Approach (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta). (http://eprints.ums.ac.id/26577/)

Relevant topics

• Brave New World
• Frankenstein
• The Yellow Wallpaper
• American Born Chinese
• All Summer in a Day
• A Rose For Emily
• Thank You Ma Am
• The Tell Tale Heart
• Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

Pardon Our Interruption

As you were browsing something about your browser made us think you were a bot. There are a few reasons this might happen:

• You've disabled JavaScript in your web browser.
• You're a power user moving through this website with super-human speed.
• You've disabled cookies in your web browser.
• A third-party browser plugin, such as Ghostery or NoScript, is preventing JavaScript from running. Additional information is available in this support article .

To regain access, please make sure that cookies and JavaScript are enabled before reloading the page.

To Kill A Mockingbird (film)

By robert mulligan.

• To Kill A Mockingbird (film) Summary

After a stylized opening credit sequence, a camera descends on the languid, small Southern town of Maycomb, Alabama. An adult version of Jean Louise “Scout” Finch narrates the film’s events, which are told from six-year-old Scout’s point of view in the early 1930s, at the peak of the Great Depression. The adult Scout briefly recalls her upbringing in Maycomb, remarking, “The day [in Maycomb] was 24 hours long, but it seemed longer. There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go and nothin' to buy...and no money to buy it with. Although Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothin' to fear but fear itself...That summer, I was six years old.”

We then see a poor farmer, Walter Cunningham, deliver a crokersack full of hickory nuts to one of the town’s defense lawyers and Scout’s father, Atticus, as part of entailment for Atticus’s legal work. After an ashamed and embarrassed Walter leaves, Scout inquires about her family’s socioeconomic status and how they compare to the Cunningham family. Atticus tells Scout that they are poor, but not as poor as Cunninghams, whose livelihoods were shaken by the Depression.

In the same scene, Jem—Scout’s older brother—looks down from a treehouse and spots a young boy crouching among the plants. The young boy soon introduces himself to Scout and Jem as Charles Baker “Dill” Harris, who is visiting his aunt, one of Finch’s neighbors, Miss Stephanie Crawford, for two weeks in Maycomb. Dill is eccentric and acts beyond his years, but he, Scout, and Jem become fast friends and spend their summer days playing games, hanging out in the treehouse, and fantasizing about the nearby house which harbors Maycomb’s pariah— Arthur “Boo” Radley . Equally terrified and intrigued by the creaky Radley house, the three children believe in the gossipy story that a cruel Mr. Radley locked up his mentally unstable and troublesome son, Boo, after Boo supposedly stabbed him in the legs with scissors.

One night, Atticus overhears a poignant conversation between Jem and Scout. Scout asks Jem whether their deceased mother was pretty, if they love her, and if he misses her, as Scout was only two years old when she passed and therefore has no real memories of her. Then, a local judge, Judge Taylor, approaches Atticus and informs him that the grand jury will soon charge Tom Robinson , a black man accused of raping a white woman. Judge Taylor asks Atticus if he would defend Tom in court, and Atticus, a deeply moral man, agrees to “take the case.”

Time passes and summer ends. Scout begins school and fights with Walter Cunningham Jr; Scout attempted to explain why the poverty-stricken Walter could not afford lunch, but her teacher “got sore” at her, and Scout projects her frustration onto innocent Walter. Jem stops the fight, apologizes for Scout’s irrational behavior, and invites Walter over for dinner.

During dinner at the Finch household, Jem asks Walter if he has a gun of his own, and Walter says he does. Atticus then shares his own experiences with a gun as a young boy; he explains that his father allowed him to shoot and kill most birds, with the memorable exception of a mockingbird—a harmless songbird that only exists to offer music and give pleasure to people.

Meanwhile, Jem and Scout find two carved soap figures in the knothole of a tree at the edge of the Radley property. The figures resemble themselves, and later that night, Jem shows Scout a box containing marbles, an old pocket watch, a whistle, a crayon, and other items from a mysterious giver.

As another summer arrives and Tom Robinson’s trial looms closer and closer, racial tensions in Maycomb begin to escalate. Atticus is hatefully ridiculed by the town, especially by Mr. Ewell, who calls him a “n—er lover.” One night, Atticus decides to stand guard outside the jail where Tom is being held. A lynch mob, comprising of Maycomb’s most racist and ignorant men, surrounds the jail and demands that Atticus to move. Sensing the tense and dangerous situation, Scout, Dill, and Jem run over to the mob. Atticus urges them to go home, but Scout innocently engages in a candid yet alarming conversation with Walter Cunningham Sr., one of the men in the mob. Her words embarrass the crowd—who soon dissipates—and thereby prevent a potential lynching.

The next day, the vast majority of Maycomb’s population visit the courthouse to watch the explosive, dramatic trial. Atticus prohibits the children from attending the trial, but they go anyway. The elderly Baptist minister Rev. Sykes allows the children to join the black audience on the balcony of the courtroom, as the rest of the courthouse is packed with spectators.

The courtroom sequence comprises four examinations or cross-examinations: Sheriff Tate, Mr. Ewell, Mayella, and Tom. Tate reveals that nobody called a doctor on the night of Mayella’s beating and rape, and that Mayella was severely beaten. Then, Mr. Ewell testifies that when he came home that night, he found Tom on top of Mayella. Atticus then hands paper and pencil to Ewell and requests him to write his name. Ewell struggles, but reveals himself to be left-handed. Atticus argues that Tom has a crippled left arm, which disqualifies him as the supposed rapist, who would have had to extensively use his left hand to assault Mayella before raping her. Atticus implies that because Ewell is left-handed, he—not Tom—was the one who beat up Mayella. Outraged, Ewell complains to the judge: “That Atticus Finch is tryin' to take advantage of me. You gotta watch lawyers like Atticus Finch."

Mayella’s testimony comes next. During cross-examination, her statements about her relationships with Tom and her father are confusing and contradictory; she is obviously lying. Atticus challenges her testimony, asking, "Do you want to tell us what really happened?" Mayella then loses her remaining composure, shouts at Tom and the jury, and runs from the witness stand.

Tom’s testimony contradicts Mayella’s false story. He claims she often invited him inside the fence to do chores for free for over a year, and on the night of the attack, Mayella attempted to seduce him. When the circuit solicitor, Mr. Gilmer, asks Tom why he felt compelled to do chores for Mayella, Tom somewhat unwisely states that he felt sorry for the white woman.

Later, Atticus delivers a passionate, final defense summation of Tom to the all-white jury. He states the case should never have been brought to trial because of the lack of evidence, points out the blatant contradictions of Mayella’s testimony, and claims she lied due to the overwhelming guilt concerning her sexual attraction to a black man, a horrific offense at the time. He powerfully implies that Mayella failed to seduce Tom Robinson and falsely accused him of rape after her father attacked her for making advances toward a black man.

After hours of deliberation, though, the jury pronounces Tom guilty. Atticus urges Tom not to be too disappointed; the case was doomed from the start because of the prejudiced white jury, and they would ask for an appeal. As the courtroom clears, Atticus gathers his belongings and the black spectators stand up to show their respect and admiration for his passionate defense. Rev. Sykes says, “Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father’s passin’” to Scout, who then rises.

That night, Tate informs Atticus that Tom supposedly tried to escape jail and was shot to death by the authorities. Atticus, accompanied by Scout and Jem, then goes to the Robinson household to deliver the news. Mr. Ewell confronts Atticus in the Robinson yard and spits into his face; Atticus glares at him and climbs back into his car.

Mr. Ewell gets revenge on Atticus the following fall. Jem and Scout walk home from the Halloween pageant at their school, and Ewell follows the children home and suddenly attempts to kill them with a large kitchen knife. He breaks Jem's arm, and Scout becomes helpless throughout the attack due to a visually and physically confining ham costume. Fortunately, Boo Radley saves Jem and Scout's lives and stabs Ewell.

Scout finally meets the shy, ghostly Boo—whose stark paleness suggests a life spent in a sun-deprived setting—at home. Scout no longer fears Boo and they sit quietly together on the swing while Tate and Atticus discuss the night’s events. In an attempt to avoid the innocent, reclusive Boo from being tried for murder and receiving unwanted public attention from Maycomb residents, Tate fabricates a story, asserting that a drunk Ewell fell and killed himself on his knife. Atticus hesitantly agrees to cover up the truth. With a newfound maturity, Scout walks Boo home and imagines how he views the world. The film concludes with the adult version of Scout admitting how she often reflects on these memories of her childhood, noting that Atticus stayed in the injured Jem’s room all night and was there when he woke in the morning.

To Kill A Mockingbird (film) Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for To Kill A Mockingbird (film) is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

Which did you enjoy more- the book or the movie? Why?

This question calls for your opinion, there is no right or wrong answer. I love both the movie and the book.... the movie is spectacular.

Why did more people choose watching movies?

First of all, one of the main reasons why poeple chose films is that their faster and easier to "consume". In oder words, some people would rather spend 2 hours watching a film than 4 hours reading the book,

Secondly, the film industry has become...

What does Jem ask Walter Cunningham about at lunch? Why does Atticus say it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird?

Jem asked, “Your daddy Mr. Walter Cunningham from Old Sarum?” , and Walter nodded and Jem grinned at him and invited him to have dinner with them, assuring him that they would be glad to have him over, and he said: Jem said, “Our daddy’s a friend...

Study Guide for To Kill A Mockingbird (film)

To Kill A Mockingbird (film) study guide contains a biography of Robert Mulligan, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About To Kill A Mockingbird (film)
• Character List
• Director's Influence

Essays for To Kill A Mockingbird (film)

To Kill A Mockingbird (film) essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of To Kill A Mockingbird (film) by Robert Mulligan.

• Peculiarities of Human Behaviour and Motivations in The Merchant of Venice and To Kill a Mockingbird

Wikipedia Entries for To Kill A Mockingbird (film)

• Introduction