health hazards caused by junk food essay

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The Impacts of Junk Food on Health

Energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, otherwise known as junk foods, have never been more accessible and available. Young people are bombarded with unhealthy junk-food choices daily, and this can lead to life-long dietary habits that are difficult to undo. In this article, we explore the scientific evidence behind both the short-term and long-term impacts of junk food consumption on our health.

Introduction

The world is currently facing an obesity epidemic, which puts people at risk for chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes. Junk food can contribute to obesity and yet it is becoming a part of our everyday lives because of our fast-paced lifestyles. Life can be jam-packed when you are juggling school, sport, and hanging with friends and family! Junk food companies make food convenient, tasty, and affordable, so it has largely replaced preparing and eating healthy homemade meals. Junk foods include foods like burgers, fried chicken, and pizza from fast-food restaurants, as well as packaged foods like chips, biscuits, and ice-cream, sugar-sweetened beverages like soda, fatty meats like bacon, sugary cereals, and frozen ready meals like lasagne. These are typically highly processed foods , meaning several steps were involved in making the food, with a focus on making them tasty and thus easy to overeat. Unfortunately, junk foods provide lots of calories and energy, but little of the vital nutrients our bodies need to grow and be healthy, like proteins, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Australian teenagers aged 14–18 years get more than 40% of their daily energy from these types of foods, which is concerning [ 1 ]. Junk foods are also known as discretionary foods , which means they are “not needed to meet nutrient requirements and do not belong to the five food groups” [ 2 ]. According to the dietary guidelines of Australian and many other countries, these five food groups are grains and cereals, vegetables and legumes, fruits, dairy and dairy alternatives, and meat and meat alternatives.

Young people are often the targets of sneaky advertising tactics by junk food companies, which show our heroes and icons promoting junk foods. In Australia, cricket, one of our favorite sports, is sponsored by a big fast-food brand. Elite athletes like cricket players are not fuelling their bodies with fried chicken, burgers, and fries! A study showed that adolescents aged 12–17 years view over 14.4 million food advertisements in a single year on popular websites, with cakes, cookies, and ice cream being the most frequently advertised products [ 3 ]. Another study examining YouTube videos popular amongst children reported that 38% of all ads involved a food or beverage and 56% of those food ads were for junk foods [ 4 ].

What Happens to Our Bodies Shortly After We Eat Junk Foods?

Food is made up of three major nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. There are also vitamins and minerals in food that support good health, growth, and development. Getting the proper nutrition is very important during our teenage years. However, when we eat junk foods, we are consuming high amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are quickly absorbed by the body.

Let us take the example of eating a hamburger. A burger typically contains carbohydrates from the bun, proteins and fats from the beef patty, and fats from the cheese and sauce. On average, a burger from a fast-food chain contains 36–40% of your daily energy needs and this does not account for any chips or drinks consumed with it ( Figure 1 ). This is a large amount of food for the body to digest—not good if you are about to hit the cricket pitch!

• Figure 1 - The nutritional composition of a popular burger from a famous fast-food restaurant, detailing the average quantity per serving and per 100 g.
• The carbohydrates of a burger are mainly from the bun, while the protein comes from the beef patty. Large amounts of fat come from the cheese and sauce. Based on the Australian dietary guidelines, just one burger can be 36% of the recommended daily energy intake for teenage boys aged 12–15 years and 40% of the recommendations for teenage girls 12–15 years.

A few hours to a few days after eating rich, heavy foods such as a burger, unpleasant symptoms like tiredness, poor sleep, and even hunger can result ( Figure 2 ). Rather than providing an energy boost, junk foods can lead to a lack of energy. For a short time, sugar (a type of carbohydrate) makes people feel energized, happy, and upbeat as it is used by the body for energy. However, refined sugar , which is the type of sugar commonly found in junk foods, leads to a quick drop in blood sugar levels because it is digested quickly by the body. This can lead tiredness and cravings [ 5 ].

• Figure 2 - The short- and long-term impacts of junk food consumption.
• In the short-term, junk foods can make you feel tired, bloated, and unable to concentrate. Long-term, junk foods can lead to tooth decay and poor bowel habits. Junk foods can also lead to obesity and associated diseases such as heart disease. When junk foods are regularly consumed over long periods of time, the damages and complications to health are increasingly costly.

Fiber is a good carbohydrate commonly found in vegetables, fruits, barley, legumes, nuts, and seeds—foods from the five food groups. Fiber not only keeps the digestive system healthy, but also slows the stomach’s emptying process, keeping us feeling full for longer. Junk foods tend to lack fiber, so when we eat them, we notice decreasing energy and increasing hunger sooner.

Foods such as walnuts, berries, tuna, and green veggies can boost concentration levels. This is particularly important for young minds who are doing lots of schoolwork. These foods are what most elite athletes are eating! On the other hand, eating junk foods can lead to poor concentration. Eating junk foods can lead to swelling in the part of the brain that has a major role in memory. A study performed in humans showed that eating an unhealthy breakfast high in fat and sugar for 4 days in a row caused disruptions to the learning and memory parts of the brain [ 6 ].

Long-Term Impacts of Junk Foods

If we eat mostly junk foods over many weeks, months, or years, there can be several long-term impacts on health ( Figure 2 ). For example, high saturated fat intake is strongly linked with high levels of bad cholesterol in the blood, which can be a sign of heart disease. Respected research studies found that young people who eat only small amounts of saturated fat have lower total cholesterol levels [ 7 ].

Frequent consumption of junk foods can also increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension and stroke. Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure and a stroke is damage to the brain from reduced blood supply, which prevents the brain from receiving the oxygen and nutrients it needs to survive. Hypertension and stroke can occur because of the high amounts of cholesterol and salt in junk foods.

Furthermore, junk foods can trigger the “happy hormone,” dopamine , to be released in the brain, making us feel good when we eat these foods. This can lead us to wanting more junk food to get that same happy feeling again [ 8 ]. Other long-term effects of eating too much junk food include tooth decay and constipation. Soft drinks, for instance, can cause tooth decay due to high amounts of sugar and acid that can wear down the protective tooth enamel. Junk foods are typically low in fiber too, which has negative consequences for gut health in the long term. Fiber forms the bulk of our poop and without it, it can be hard to poop!

Tips for Being Healthy

One way to figure out whether a food is a junk food is to think about how processed it is. When we think of foods in their whole and original forms, like a fresh tomato, a grain of rice, or milk squeezed from a cow, we can then start to imagine how many steps are involved to transform that whole food into something that is ready-to-eat, tasty, convenient, and has a long shelf life.

For teenagers 13–14 years old, the recommended daily energy intake is 8,200–9,900 kJ/day or 1,960 kcal-2,370 kcal/day for boys and 7,400–8,200 kJ/day or 1,770–1,960 kcal for girls, according to the Australian dietary guidelines. Of course, the more physically active you are, the higher your energy needs. Remember that junk foods are okay to eat occasionally, but they should not make up more than 10% of your daily energy intake. In a day, this may be a simple treat such as a small muffin or a few squares of chocolate. On a weekly basis, this might mean no more than two fast-food meals per week. The remaining 90% of food eaten should be from the five food groups.

In conclusion, we know that junk foods are tasty, affordable, and convenient. This makes it hard to limit the amount of junk food we eat. However, if junk foods become a staple of our diets, there can be negative impacts on our health. We should aim for high-fiber foods such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits; meals that have moderate amounts of sugar and salt; and calcium-rich and iron-rich foods. Healthy foods help to build strong bodies and brains. Limiting junk food intake can happen on an individual level, based on our food choices, or through government policies and health-promotion strategies. We need governments to stop junk food companies from advertising to young people, and we need their help to replace junk food restaurants with more healthy options. Researchers can focus on education and health promotion around healthy food options and can work with young people to develop solutions. If we all work together, we can help young people across the world to make food choices that will improve their short and long-term health.

Obesity : ↑ A disorder where too much body fat increases the risk of health problems.

Processed Food : ↑ A raw agricultural food that has undergone processes to be washed, ground, cleaned and/or cooked further.

Discretionary Food : ↑ Foods and drinks not necessary to provide the nutrients the body needs but that may add variety to a person’s diet (according to the Australian dietary guidelines).

Refined Sugar : ↑ Sugar that has been processed from raw sources such as sugar cane, sugar beets or corn.

Saturated Fat : ↑ A type of fat commonly eaten from animal sources such as beef, chicken and pork, which typically promotes the production of “bad” cholesterol in the body.

Dopamine : ↑ A hormone that is released when the brain is expecting a reward and is associated with activities that generate pleasure, such as eating or shopping.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

[1] ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2013. 4324.0.55.002 - Microdata: Australian Health Survey: Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2011-12 . Australian Bureau of Statistics. Available online at: http://bit.ly/2jkRRZO (accessed December 13, 2019).

[2] ↑ National Health and Medical Research Council. 2013. Australian Dietary Guidelines Summary . Canberra, ACT: National Health and Medical Research Council.

[3] ↑ Potvin Kent, M., and Pauzé, E. 2018. The frequency and healthfulness of food and beverages advertised on adolescents’ preferred web sites in Canada. J. Adolesc. Health. 63:102–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.01.007

[4] ↑ Tan, L., Ng, S. H., Omar, A., and Karupaiah, T. 2018. What’s on YouTube? A case study on food and beverage advertising in videos targeted at children on social media. Child Obes. 14:280–90. doi: 10.1089/chi.2018.0037

[5] ↑ Gómez-Pinilla, F. 2008. Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 568–78. doi: 10.1038/nrn2421

[6] ↑ Attuquayefio, T., Stevenson, R. J., Oaten, M. J., and Francis, H. M. 2017. A four-day western-style dietary intervention causes reductions in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and interoceptive sensitivity. PLoS ONE . 12:e0172645. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172645

[7] ↑ Te Morenga, L., and Montez, J. 2017. Health effects of saturated and trans-fatty acid intake in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 12:e0186672. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186672

[8] ↑ Reichelt, A. C. 2016. Adolescent maturational transitions in the prefrontal cortex and dopamine signaling as a risk factor for the development of obesity and high fat/high sugar diet induced cognitive deficits. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 10. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00189

Health Effects of Junk Food Intake Research Paper

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Introduction

Literature review.

The embracement of healthy living habits contributes greatly to the improvement of a person’s well-being. In particular, proper dietary habits and exercising have been identified some of the factors that improve the health status of an individual. However, the contemporary lifestyle exposes people to detrimental dietary habits that undermine their well-being. Notably, the consumption of junk food has become one of the major health issues that destabilize the health of individuals and groups in contemporary societies. In this respect, there is a need to establish strategic mechanisms that encourage people to overlook fast food, owing to their adverse health effects. In this concern, this paper identifies and discusses the various health effects associated with the consumption of junk food.

The junk food issue is a major one in contemporary settings. Notably, children, adolescents, and adults continue consuming more unhealthy foods today compared to the situation in the past. As such, the growing consumption rates predispose consumers to health threats that have a negative effect on their well-being. Various studies show that junk food meals lead to the emergence of health issues that undermine the functionality of the digestive and cardiovascular systems, the respiratory system, the central nervous system, the reproductive system, and the skeletal system (McCarthy, 2013). In this respect, there is a need for reviewing relevant literature that uncovers detrimental health outcomes related to the consumption of junk food.

Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes

The consumption of junk food is connected to increasing a person’s risk of acquiring Type 2 diabetes. Notably, poor dietary habits trigger an increase in diabetes cases in the world. In this concern, McCarthy (2013) projects that at least 10% of the world’s population will acquire diabetes by 2035. The health trend may be a direct long-term outcome of behavioral factors, especially unhealthy dietary practices. As such, as shown in Figure 1, different regions globally will record a 55% increase in the prevalence of diabetes, thereby undermining the overall wellness of various societies.

In a study to investigate the extent to which junk food leads to the development of Type 2 diabetes, Lazarou, Panagiotakos, and Matalas (2012) provide reliable contributions regarding the public health issue. Particularly, the intake of fast food gradually triggers insulin resistance that eventually results in the development of Type 2 diabetes. Eating fast food reduces the ability of insulin to regulate blood sugar in the system. Important to note, fast foods such as potato chips have considerable levels of carbohydrate and individual fatty acids that undermine the performance of the insulin hormone.

In another inquiry, Naeem (2012) underlines that the consumption of fast foods such as pizza, chips, burgers, and fried chicken exposes Saudi Arabians to an array of health problems, including Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to its contribution to the development of the health issue, junk foods undermine the health status of the Saudi Arabian population by heightening the risk of developing complications such as obesity, hypertension, heart attack, and cancer of the colon.

In this respect, Saudi Arabian health agencies have put in place measures that seek to cut cases of Type 2 diabetes. The recommended approaches to mitigating the emergence of Type 2 diabetes from the consumption of fast food meals in Saudi Arabia include the establishment of programs that seek to control children from consuming junk foods, conducting education initiatives on nutrition, and advocating for a habit of consuming healthy foods (Naeem, 2012). In this regard, owing to the increasing consumption of junk foods, Saudi Arabia is witnessing an upsurge of cases of people diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. As such, the interventions put in place by the government are expected to mitigate the witnessed adverse outcomes of eating unhealthy foods.

The Risk of Developing Obesity

In recent years, concerns have emerged over the increasing cases of severe obesity. The United States (U.S.) population acquires almost 29% of calories from the consumption of junk food (McCarthy, 2013). Health issues associated with the consumption of junk food range from exposing an individual to the risk of developing obesity to the acquisition of diabetes among other ailments.

In a bid to influence individuals to avoid the consumption of junk food, concerned parties, including public health agencies, engage in programs that seek to raise awareness regarding the risks associated with unhealthy eating. Nonetheless, amid having awareness about the health risks posed by junk food, 80% of the U.S. population frequents fast food joints at least once every month (McCarthy, 2013).

To understand the triggers of obesity, scholars have identified the consumption of junk food as one of the leading factors of the health issue. Popkin, Adair, and Ng (2012) assert that the consumption of junk foods emerged in the 1970s when people started increasingly opting for processed foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and edible oils. Such dietary behaviors marked a shift from the conventional use of healthy foods and beverages to junk foods that exposed them to an array of health concerns, including obesity.

Apart from obesity, other health issues such as hypertension and diabetes started manifesting at a greater scale during the 1990s, thereby denoting the detrimental effects of using unhealthy foods (Popkin et al., 2012). Furthermore, Finkelstein et al. (2012) uncover that the problem of obesity and overweight affects individuals in various income levels and regions. Thus, low-income earners in regions such as South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as high-income earners in Europe and North America, among other regions, report heightening instances of obesity and overweight as an outcome of poor dietary habits.

Projections show that the prevalence of obesity is on the verge of increasing significantly, owing to poor dietary habits embraced by individuals in modern societies. Gunnars (2017) posits that the past 160 years have witnessed a skyrocketing rise of the total sugar intake, a situation that had led to increased cases of obesity globally, as shown in Figure 2. People in western countries mainly consume significant quantities of sugars averaging 500 calories on a daily basis. The calories come from the intake of junk foods that have exposed consumers to health risks such as obesity.

Studies that use the linear time trends predictions indicate that obesity will remain unabated in the next decade, owing to the prevalence of unhealthy eating habits (Finkelstein et al., 2012). Nonetheless, the authors predict that the occurrence of severe obesity will reach lower levels than the currently reported rates if people acquire healthy dietary habits. The integration of nonlinear regression models into a study reveals that the prevalence of moderate as well as severe obesity will reach rates of 42% and 11%, respectively, by 2030 (Finkelstein et al., 2012).

The study uncovered that amid linear models predicting that obesity will rise over the 50% rate by 2030, there is still hope that such cases will reduce because of effective and efficient public health interventions. Nonetheless, failing to put in place the required interventions has the possibility of seeing moderate and severe obesity reaching prevalence levels of 33% and 130% correspondingly (Finkelstein et al., 2012). In this regard, the junk food consumption trend has the potential of worsening the health position of the global population by 2030, given that the dietary habit is associated with the development of obesity.

In a study, Garcia, Sunil, and Hinojosa (2012) underscore that the regular consumption of fast food is one of the leading behavioral factors attributed to the prevalence of obesity in modern settings. The alarming issue is that severe obesity in on the rise compared to moderate obesity. As such, Garcia et al. (2012) note the need for advocating for the integration of public health measures that can facilitate the reduction of the rates of morbid, as well as super morbid obesity. Importantly, the authors identify the strategy of discouraging individuals from consuming junk food as one of the effective ways of combating the severe obesity menace.

Mental Health Risk

The consumption of junk food affects the effective and efficient functionality of the central nervous system. In the end, the use of fast food, as well as processed pastries, may result in the development of mental health issues. Various inquiries reveal that junk food consumption is linked to the development of depression. Notably, poor dietary practices such as the intake of commercially baked foods, sweetened beverages, and sweets raise consumer’s risk of encountering depression by 51% (Zahedi et al., 2014). As such, the emotional imbalance manifested by depression negatively affects the overall well-being of a person. Thus, depression is one of the long-term adverse effects of junk food consumption.

In a study, Zahedi et al. (2014) sought to investigate the degree to which the use of junk food increases the threat of developing mental health problems among Iranian children and adolescents. The study uncovers that the regular intake of fast food increases an individual’s chances of experiencing psychiatric distress in the end. Notably, psychiatric distress manifests in the different forms of violent behavior demonstrated by children and adolescents consuming foods such as fried chicken, chips, burgers, and sweetened beverages regularly (Zahedi et al., 2014).

Psychiatric distress portrayed by violent behavior among regular consumers of snacks and sweetened beverages also affects other aspects of a person’s well-being. Zahedi et al. (2014) uncover that violent behavior has the potential of undermining an individual’s cognitive and social development. Particularly, children and adolescents consuming junk foods to the frequency of a daily basis engage in violent conduct such as physical fights and bullying. They also demonstrate irregular levels of confidence.

In a similar undertaking, O’Neil et al. (2014) find a close association between the unceasing intake of junk food and depression among children and adolescents. The research reveals that proper dietary habits during the early stages of an individual’s lifespan considerably affect their mental health in the long term. As such, failing to embrace quality dietary practices from an early age heightens the chances of individuals experiencing mental problems, especially depression (Jacka, Rothon, Taylor, Berk, & Stansfeld, 2013).

Thus, mental or psychological issues arising from the use of unhealthy meals undermine the well-being of individuals, especially children and adolescents. As such, mental health imbalances that result from unhealthy dietary behaviors may inhibit the proper growth and development of children and adolescents.

Over the centuries, the world has witnessed a substantial rise in sugar consumption. In the recent past, most of the sugars the global population consumes emanates from junk foods that people take regularly. Adversely, high-calorie levels acquired from unhealthy diets result in a skyrocketing rise of diabetes and obesity prevalence in the entire regions of the globe. For this reason, projections presented in the literature review show that the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is on the brink of realizing a 55% increase by 2035.

Shockingly, populations in developing countries in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa reveal greater tendencies of reporting significant cases of Type 2 diabetes in the next decade. In this view, junk food menace cuts across geographical regions since demographic factors have been presented to expose individuals to health risks of consuming junk food.

Obesity is a public health concern that continues to undermine the well-being of the global population. The literature reviewed confirms that indeed poor eating habits play a part in increasing the prevalence of moderate obesity and extreme obesity globally. Given that obesity is linked to comorbid conditions such as Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, it poses a great threat to public health. For this reason, the prevalence of obesity may remain unabated if the global population fails to abandon poor dietary ways.

The need for educating the public and raising awareness regarding the obesity issue is crucial towards improving the health of the overall global population. In this view, in addition to advocating the need for individuals to engage in physical activities, discouraging them from consuming unhealthy foods will go a long way in alleviating health issues associated with such dietary customs. Thus, effectively combating obesity will also reduce the chances of related health issues such as diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, and stroke, among other complications. These outcomes imply an improvement in the public health position in various regions.

The intake of junk foods, sweets, and sweetened beverages is identified as one of the factors that contribute to the rise of mental health issues globally. As noted in the literature review, the unceasing cravings for junk food leave individuals depressed as they seek to satisfy the urge to eat such meals.

In this respect, as companies continue to advertise various types of junk foods that they offer to consumers in the market, they may successfully pursue more individuals to consume such products, thus increasing their chances of experiencing depression. In this respect, various interested parties agitate for the establishment of measures that facilitate the regulation of junk food intake to improve the mental well-being of the global population.

The rising consumption of fast foods among children and adolescents is also regarded as one of the major triggers of psychiatric distress. As such, after consuming unhealthy meals, the occurrence of violent behaviors by young people increases, thus denoting the mental health issue triggered by junk food consumption. Consequently, depressed individuals undergo difficult processes of development, owing to their unbalanced mental well-being. The scenario implies that over 50% of the world’s population has the potential of experiencing poor psychosocial development if the regular intake of unhealthy foods continues.

Moreover, as noted in the literature review, the unceasing consumption of junk food in the contemporary settings exposes individuals to health issues such as diabetes, obesity, and depression. For this reason, there is the need for individuals to acquire positive behaviors that foster their well-being. One of the practical ways of improving the status of the society’s population is the embracement of quality dietary customs. As such, people need to consider eating more vegetables, fruits, grains, and healthy beverages, as opposed to commercially baked pastries, sweets, and sweetened beverages among other unhealthy foods.

Undoubtedly, individuals who consume junk foods on regular intervals subject themselves to an array of health risks that undermine their well-being. The notable health complications associated with poor dietary ways include diabetes, obesity, and depression. Shockingly, alarming instances of severe obesity raise concerns, owing to the contribution of the health issue to other conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

As such, there is the need for combating obesity as a way of mitigating the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, a notable detrimental outcome of unhealthy eating. Moreover, adolescents engaging in the consumption of unhealthy meals have the potential of experiencing psychiatric distress denoted by violent behavior. Therefore, it is crucial to change the current dietary trends to adopt eating approaches that improve one’s well-being.

Finkelstein, E. A., Khavjou, O. A., Thompson, H., Trogdon, J. G., Pan, L., Sherry, B., & Dietz, W. (2012). Obesity and severe obesity forecasts through 2030. American Journal of Preventive Medicine , 42 (6), 563-570.

Garcia, G., Sunil, T. S., & Hinojosa, P. (2012). The fast food and obesity link: Consumption patterns and severity of obesity. Obesity Surgery , 22 (5), 810-818.

Gunnars, K. (2017). 11 graphs that show everything that is wrong with the modern diet. Web.

Jacka, F. N., Rothon, C., Taylor, S., Berk, M., & Stansfeld, S. A. (2013). Diet quality and mental health problems in adolescents from East London: A prospective study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 48 (8), 1297-1306.

Lazarou, C., Panagiotakos, D., & Matalas, A. L. (2012). The role of diet in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: Implications for public health. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition , 52 (5), 382-389.

McCarthy, R. (2013). The global diabetes epidemic in charts. Web.

Naeem, Z. (2012). Increasing trend of junk food use in Saudi Arabia and health implications. International Journal of Health Sciences , 6 (1), 5-5.

O’Neil, A., Quirk, S. E., Housden, S., Brennan, S. L., Williams, L. J., Pasco, J. A.,… Jacka, F. N. (2014). Relationship between diet and mental health in children and adolescents: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health , 104 (10), 31-42.

Popkin, B. M., Adair, L. S., & Ng, S. W. (2012). Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutrition Reviews , 70 (1), 3-21.

Zahedi, H., Kelishadi, R., Heshmat, R., Motlagh, M. E., Ranjbar, S. H., Ardalan, G.,…Qorbani, M. (2014). Association between junk food consumption and mental health in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study. Nutrition , 30 (11), 1391-1397.

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• Harmful Effects of Junk Food Essay

Essay on Harmful Effects of Junk Food

Junk food is easily accessible, convenient and affordable to everyone. These properties of junk foods entice many people around the world to consume them in excess. Junk food may be defined as nutrient-poor food items which are usually high in fat, sugar or salt. They lack essential elements like proteins, fibers, vitamins or minerals (Buzby et al., 2013). The excessive consumption of junk foods is associated with a wide range of health problems like obesity, diabetes, heart diseases and cancer.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that overweight and obesity are now epidemics in both developed and developing countries. They have further warned that the epidemic is spreading to the young generation at an alarming rate (WHO, 2012). According to a report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one-third of U.S. children and adolescents are obese or overweight (Ogden et al., 2014). The main reason for this is the excessive consumption of junk foods.

Junk food items are generally high in calories which lead to weight gain. Obesity is a serious health problem that increases the risk of many chronic diseases like heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes. A study published in the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) showed that obese people are at increased risk for heart attacks, strokes and death from any cause (Flegal et al., 2013). Another study published in the journal The Lancet revealed that obese people are at risk of developing 13 different types of cancer (Flegal et al., 2013).

The high amount of sugar present in junk foods is also a major cause of concern. Excessive consumption of sugar can lead to obesity, diabetes and heart diseases. A study published in the journal Diabetes Care showed that people who consume excessive amounts of sugar are at risk of developing diabetes (Yoon et al., 2014). Another study published in the journal Circulation revealed that people who consume sugary drinks are at risk of heart diseases (Hu et al., 2012).

Junk foods are also high in saturated and trans fats. Saturated fats increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes (Smith et al., 2006). Trans fats can also increase the risk of coronary heart disease (Mozaffarian et al., 2006). Junk food items made from hydrogenated oils contain dangerous trans fats.

Long and Short Harmful Effects of Junk Food Essay in English

Short harmful effects of junk food essay.

In this short essay on the harmful effects of junk food, a brief account of the impact of junk food on our health and how important it is to avoid junk food are discussed.

We are all aware that the way we treat our bodies reflects the state of our mind and lifestyle that we are all leading. The food we consume directly affects our state of mind, and so when we eat healthy and nutritious food, we are happier, content and positive in life. Even though we know that we do not take care of our bodies and eat junk food that harms our bodies. Sadly, nowadays, kids want everything to be served quickly, and fast food serves this purpose rightly.

The production of junk and fast food is at an all-time high. The supply is more because of the increasing demand. It has a negligible amount of nutrients and nutritional value. It is oily, greasy, full of fats and sugars. The high levels of calories have resulted in an increase in obesity and high blood pressure. It has also worsened the digestive system and appetite. When this is combined with the comfy and lethargic lifestyle in today's times, it also results in inadequate growth and development of children. And from a very young age, they are more susceptible to mental health diseases like depression. The effects of such consumption are only negative when the world is trying to normalize conversations about such problems; we should also be doing our bit in taking care of our health and life.

Long Harmful Effects of Junk Food Essay

In this long 600+ words harmful effects of junk food essay, the effects of junk food on body and life are discussed in detail.

It is very vital to take care of one's body because our body is our vehicle, the most important tool that helps us get through life and perform our daily activities. When we treat our body right, it reciprocates the same zeal and willpower required for us.

The first important way to treat our body right is via exercise or working out in any form, be it through yoga, pilates, functional training, or weight training. All of this will help keep us fit. Even with working out daily, we will not get our desired results of fitness if we do not eat well. A proper diet is the most important catalyst to lead a healthy life.

A proper diet includes a good amount of balance between calories, fats, proteins, fibers, and nutrition-rich food. We can find all these nutritional values in foods like green leafy vegetables, fruits, and rice for carbohydrates. It is good for the body and the mind.

Junk foods include fast foods like french fries, fried foods like churros, pastries, pizzas, cookies, candies, burgers, and chips. All of this has a very high sodium content, cheese, sugar, and oils that have no nutritional value. It is not a good source of nutrition, nor is it helping our body in any way.

It only satisfies our taste buds because all junk foods taste good. But we must realize, in order to satisfy the cravings of our tongue, we are ruining our body and depriving it of a healthy lifestyle. This short-term fulfillment of mere cravings can have long-term impacts on our health, with life-threatening diseases that will leave a lasting negative impact on our bodies. It results in the following:-

On the Brain and Mental Health - the sodium content in junk food leads to headaches which will help lose focus and motivation even for mundane tasks. The risk of depression and other mental illnesses increases with the increased consumption of processed foods.

On the Respiratory System - due to heavy and oily foods the children are consuming these days and leading a lazy lifestyle, they are at high risks of shortness of breath, and according to the studies it is also found that such children also suffer from asthma even to their adult and old age.

On the Cardiovascular System - Cholesterol consumption blocks the blood flow to and from the heart because of the deposition of fats and leads to blood pressure-related issues. There is also the risk of premature heart diseases like heart failure, arrhythmia, etc. A weak heart results in many other bodily diseases due to improper and inadequate supply of blood to others.

On the Digestive Tract - When such processed food is consumed, it is very difficult to digest because our bodies are not designed to do so. When digestion is slowed, the metabolism also becomes slower, and it results in weight gain and obesity. Other such problems are food poisoning, acid reflux, constipation, and indigestion, and in severe cases may also lead to kidney failure.

On the Skin - Processed food contains very high levels of sugar, eventually leading to obesity. In such conditions, the blood sugar level also sees a spike, and this causes the outbreak of acne in the skin and face.

Curbing the intake of Junk food: - It is important to have healthy food due to the aforementioned reasons but surely one is attracted to junk food regardless. In such a case, we must reduce the intake of junk and processed foods and have it less often rather than making it a habit. Incorporating healthy food will allow you to have an active lifestyle and lead a fulfilling life. It will keep the heart in check, and energy levels will always soar high, which is the optimal way of living.

Being aware of your own health and knowing the possibilities of the very harmful effects junk foods have on our body can be very helpful. This awareness will help one make healthier choices. A proper workout is incomplete without a balanced diet, so it is important to cater to the body's needs without indulging in your cravings and taste requirements. Long-term effects last a lifetime and rob you of your childhood and youth, so starting a healthier diet for a better lifestyle is never too late.

FAQs on Harmful Effects of Junk Food Essay

1. What are the health effects of junk food?

Junk foods are also very much high in saturated and trans fats. Saturated fats increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes (Smith et al., 2006). Trans fats can also increase the risk of coronary heart disease (Mozaffarian et al., 2006). Junk food items made from hydrogenated oils contain dangerous trans fats. Junk and processed foods have a high sodium content, cheese, sugar, and oils that have no nutritional value. They only satisfy our taste buds because all junk foods taste good. But we must consider that in order to satisfy the cravings of our tongue, we are ruining our body and shearing it off a healthy lifestyle. This short-term fulfillment of mere cravings can have long-term impacts on our health, with life-threatening diseases that will leave a lasting negative impact on our bodies. 

On Brain and Mental Health - The sodium content in junk food leads to headaches which will help lose focus and motivation even for mundane tasks which are very dangerous. The risk of depression and other mental illnesses increases with the increased consumption of processed foods. 

On the Respiratory System - Due to heavy and oily foods the children are consuming these days and leading a lazy lifestyle, they are at high risks of the absence of breath, and according to the studies it is also found that such children also suffer from asthma even to their adult and old age. 

On the Cardiovascular System - Cholesterol consumption interrupts the blood flow to and from the heart because of the deposition of fats and leads to blood pressure-related issues. There is also the risk of early heart diseases like heart failure, arrhythmia, etc. A weak heart results in many other bodily diseases due to improper and Insufficient supply of blood to others.

2. What are the foods that can be classified as junk food?

Any food that is manufactured with the addition of artificial colors, flavors, sweeteners or preservatives qualifies to be junk food. The foods that are high in calories but offer no nutritional value like soda, candy bars, chips, and other fried snacks fall under this category. These foods are usually easy and cheap to find. It's best to avoid these foods as much as possible. These foods are very harmful and have the potential to cause great damage to our body and possibly increase the risk of some life-threatening diseases.

3. What exactly causes obesity?

There are some pathophysiological causes for obesity, namely, genetic disorders such as Prader-Willi syndrome and leptin receptor mutations, developmental causes like brain tumors or injury, some autoimmune conditions like Cushing's syndrome, and medications like antipsychotics and steroids. However, the majority of obese people have no identifiable cause for their weight gain. Many experts believe that excessive consumption of junk food is a major contributing factor to obesity. When people eat foods that are high in calories but offer no nutritional value, their bodies don't get the nutrients they need. Over time, this can lead to weight gain.

4. What are the long term effects of junk food?

Some experts say that since junk food is readily available, it becomes easy to eat more than one should usually be allowed to consume. Eating junk food can lead to obesity and other health conditions like glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension etc. A study found that children who consumed fast foods three times a week were more likely to develop asthma. Junk food can also lead to tooth decay and other oral health problems. Long term effects of junk food are obesity, weight gain, heart diseases, diabetes etc.

5. How can we prevent our children from eating junk food?

It is important for parents to set a good example for their children and teach them about the importance of healthy eating. Parents can try to make healthy meals at home that their children will enjoy, and they can also pack healthy snacks for their children to take to school or on trips. It is important to be aware of the foods that are being sold at schools and in other places where children might be tempted to eat unhealthy foods. Parents can also talk to their children about the dangers of eating junk food and make sure they understand the benefits of eating whole foods.

6. What are the Junk Foods to Avoid at any Cost?

Any junk food that has high levels of damaging chemicals and sugars to add taste and flavour to the food must be kept at bay at any cost. And such junk foods and processed food often have harmful preservatives that will cause many diseases. Such foods can be pizzas, burgers, chips, cakes, cookies, cookies, fried and grilled food is extremely oily with unuseful fats. Broiled food must be avoided. Drinks containing high amounts of sugar are also unhealthy and harmful.

7. Is any Junk Food Healthy?

Chips are considered to be a portion of junk food but now there are many vegan chips available that can be extremely healthy and will aid in fulfilling your cravings and not harm your body and lifestyle. A few of those are Kale chips, sweet potato chips, and spinach chips. They are healthy with no trans-fat or saturated fats. And these are easily available now. All these can be an alternative to potato chips.

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Essay on Junk Food: Samples in 150, 250 Words

• Updated on  
• Oct 5, 2023

Food is the main source of energy. It is important to consume healthy food. Any food product that contains a high percentage of saturated fats or trans fats is referred to as Junk food. The term junk itself indicates that it is harmful to our health. To lead a healthy lifestyle it is important to avoid the overconsumption of junk food. However, junk food has gained popularity because we consume it on a regular basis. Here we have provided an essay on junk food for children and school-going students. It will provide a general overview of how to draft an essay on junk food. Continue reading!

Also Read: Essay on Health

Also Read: Importance of Education

Essay on Junk Food in 150 Words

Junk food has become a prevalent component of the modern diet. It is not only attracting the young generation but is also getting induced in their daily diet. Habitual consumption of junk food causes serious health issues because it is high in calorie content. Processed food with high content of saturated and trans fats, or high sugar content comes under this category.

Street food places and the majority of food chains and restaurants are serving food in high quantities, thereby reducing the consumption of healthier options. People are now prioritizing taste and neglecting the culinary diversity of traditional food.

Another aspect of the over-consumption of junk food is ordering food on a daily basis due to a busy schedule. Besides that, munching on snacks to satisfy hunger is another bad habit that leads to health issues. Such food products lack nutritional components such as dietary fibres, protein, vitamins, iron, etc. 

To conclude, health is an important part of life so, it is important to take care of healthy food habits and avoid the excess consumption of unhealthy or junk food.

Also Read: Tips for cooking while studying abroad

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Essay on Junk Food in 250 Words

Junk food refers to the unhealthy food. Consumption of junk food such as pizzas, burgers, fried items, pastries, etc. has alarming consequences. Its effect is witnessed as the global obesity epidemic because the masses are more inclined towards eating junk food.

Impact of Consuming Junk Food

Food high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats contributes to weight gain. It will ultimately cause obesity. Obesity is the key source of other diseases that are difficult to cure. Some of the chronic diseases that occur due to the consumption of junk food are high risk of heart failure, GIT disorders, hypertension, diabetes, etc. So, it is crucial to eliminate or reduce the consumption of unhealthy food and replace it with nutritional food. 

Affordability

Another factor that contributes a lot in favour of a high intake of junk food is its affordability. Junk food is more accessible as it is available on the streets at a cheaper price. The price factor affects people who cannot afford healthier options. Thus, people tend to consume junk food that is comparatively more affordable and accessible.

Taste over Nutritional Value

Nowadays, people are more inclined towards enjoying the taste of food. It’s obvious that crispy and spicy food will attract you more as compared to salads and pulses i.e. much healthier options with high nutritional values. Consuming junk food on a regular basis has become common for many, and this has led to homogeneity in their diets. So, it’s important to choose the healthy option over a tastier option to minimize the negative health impact due to junk food.

In conclusion, having junk food occasionally is acceptable when you visit any party or celebrate any occasion. However, its regular consumption will disturb your dietary habits and also hamper your health for the long term.

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Junk food is processed and refined food products high in calories due to the high percentage of saturated and trans fats. Most restaurants generally serve junk food as they know that such food is popular among the young generation. However, it is not nutritious and also causes serious health issues such as obesity, diabetes, etc.

Following are 10 lines on junk food: Junk food does not possess nutritional value; It causes serious health illness; Junk food is mainly fried food products or packaged foods that have high-calorie content; It lacks dietary fibres; Heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, all such health issues are caused by junk food; Talking in terms of accessibility and affordability, then, such food items are cheaper as compared to healthier options; Excess availability of junk food in the market at cheaper rates is leading to a loss of culinary diversity; Over-consumption of junk food leads to anxiety, depression, and upset stomach; Junk food products are also high in sugar content causing harmful health effects, and Fast food chains and junk food brands are prevalent worldwide, homogenizing diets.

The 10 harmful effects of junk food are listed below; Cardiovascular disease; Obesity; Fatty liver; Hypertension; Diabetes; High cholesterol; Kidney damage; Weight gain; Addictive eating patterns, and Dental problems.

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The Impacts of Junk Food on Health

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Junk Food Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on junk food.

The term ‘junk food’ itself says a lot about this food. It indicates how it is harmful to our health. Furthermore, junk foods are basically trash which harms our bodies in different ways. They have high levels of cholesterol, sugar, calories and more. We see how nowadays, the younger generation is getting indulging in more and more junk food. This is putting their lives in danger and giving them an unhealthy lifestyle .

Furthermore, junk food does not have a single benefit. It only has ill-effects as they do not contain nutritional value . Parents must teach their kids about the ill-effects of junk food. Moreover, they must provide them with healthy meals at home so they won’t have to go out to eat fast food.

Rising Popularity of Junk Food

We all know that the fast-food industry is increasing by leaps and bounds these days. People these days are more attracted to junk food because it is appealing. Why is that? People are using manipulative ways to entice people to buy their fast food.

Moreover, junk food is prepared very easily. It takes minimum time to prepare it as it does not have any nutritious ingredients. We see how junk food does not have any special ingredients. It just contains common harmful ones in excess like oil, sugar, and more.

Furthermore, junk food is very reasonable. As it does not require any healthy material, it is not that costly. We see how it is available at very reasonable pricing. It is one of the main reasons why people buy it frequently.

Most importantly, junk food has become very accessible now, more than ever. With the onset of numerous food delivery apps, you can now get junk food with a single click. You have a plethora of options now which will deliver all sorts of junk food right at your doorstep.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Ill-effects of Junk Food

The major characteristic of junk food is that it spikes the energy levels instantly. It does not really benefit your body, just satisfies your taste buds. If we intake junk food regularly, we get moody more often.

Moreover, regular consumption of junk food causes a drop in the concentration levels of a person. This is why we see how kids these days are easily distracted. Moreover, you may also notice how obesity becoming common these days. It is a very chronic disease which is only enhanced by eating junk food.

Further, you may also notice how junk food increases blood pressure and sugar. A person gets more prone to heart diseases due to the fattening products used in it. Similarly, junk food is not easy to digest. This may gradually damage your brain function because it creates a lack of oxygen levels.

Junk food does not only damage the heart but the liver as well. It causes diabetes amongst people from an early age. Moreover, the lack of fibers in junk food equals to a damaged digestive system. This may cause constipation as well. Therefore, we see how junk food companies are fooling people. They are deceiving them into consuming their junk food to increase their sales. Thus, we need to realize this fact as soon as possible. Try to replace junk food with healthy food. Prepare your meals at home instead of ordering outside.

FAQ on Junk Food Essay

Q.1 Why is junk food getting popular?

A.1 Junk food is getting popular because it is easily accessible now. It is appealing and fast food companies are fooling the public for increasing their sales.

Q.2 State the ill-effects of junk food.

A.2 Junk food causes a lot of chronic diseases like diabetes, cholesterol, heart diseases. It drops your concentration level and messes with your digestive system.

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Essay on Junk Food

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In the contemporary world, one cannot escape the prevalence of junk food. From ubiquitous fast-food chains to convenience store shelves stocked with sugary snacks and processed treats, junk food has become an integral part of modern diets. It’s quick, tasty, and often affordable, making it a popular choice for people of all ages. However, it is imperative that we delve deeper into the subject of junk food, exploring its definition, its effects on our health, and the measures we can take to promote a healthier lifestyle.

Before we delve into the complex implications of junk food, it is essential to define what it actually is. Junk food refers to a category of food that is typically high in calories, sugar, unhealthy fats, and salt while being low in essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber. These foods are often processed and manufactured with additives and preservatives to enhance their taste and shelf life. Common examples include fast food items like burgers, fries, and pizza, as well as sugary beverages, candies, and chips.

The Temptation of Junk Food

Junk food’s allure lies in its taste and convenience. The combination of fats, sugars, and salt in these foods can trigger a pleasurable response in the brain, similar to what occurs with addictive substances. This pleasure reinforces the desire to consume these foods repeatedly. Additionally, the fast-paced nature of modern life has led to an increased reliance on convenience foods, many of which fall into the category of junk food.

The Health Consequences of Junk Food

While junk food may offer immediate satisfaction for our taste buds and fill our stomachs, it also carries severe health consequences that extend beyond the momentary pleasure of consumption.

• Weight Gain and Obesity: Junk food is often calorie-dense, and excessive consumption can lead to weight gain and obesity. Obesity is associated with numerous health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.
• Nutrient Deficiency: Junk food is notoriously low in essential nutrients like vitamins and minerals. Overreliance on these foods can lead to nutrient deficiencies, weakening the immune system and impairing overall health.
• Blood Sugar Imbalance: Sugary junk foods can cause rapid spikes and crashes in blood sugar levels, leading to increased hunger, irritability, and cravings for more unhealthy snacks.
• Heart Health: The high levels of unhealthy fats and salt in junk food can raise blood pressure and increase the risk of heart disease.
• Dental Problems: Sugary snacks and beverages are a leading cause of dental cavities and gum disease.
• Mental Health: There is evidence linking the consumption of junk food to poor mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety.
• Addictive Behavior: The combination of sugars, fats, and salt in junk food can trigger addictive behavior, making it difficult for individuals to resist and moderate their consumption.

The Impact on Children

Children are particularly vulnerable to the allure of junk food. Advertisements targeting them are omnipresent, and the easy availability of sugary and processed snacks only adds to the problem. Poor eating habits developed during childhood can have lasting consequences on health. Childhood obesity, for example, can lead to a lifetime of health issues.

The Need for Education and Awareness

In the battle against junk food and its detrimental effects on health, education and awareness play a vital role. It is crucial to inform students and the general public about the risks associated with excessive consumption of junk food. This education should encompass the nutritional value of foods, the importance of a balanced diet, and the long-term consequences of unhealthy eating habits.

Schools and educational institutions have a significant role to play in this regard. They should incorporate nutrition education into their curricula, teaching students about making informed food choices and understanding food labels. Encouraging healthy eating habits at a young age can have a profound impact on students’ future well-being.

Promoting Healthier Alternatives

While it’s important to acknowledge the challenges posed by junk food, it’s equally essential to explore solutions and promote healthier alternatives. Here are some strategies to encourage better eating habits:

• Access to Nutritious Food: Efforts should be made to ensure that nutritious food options are readily available and affordable. This includes providing healthier meal choices in schools and workplaces and promoting the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
• Nutrition Labeling: Clear and easy-to-understand nutrition labels on packaged foods can empower consumers to make informed choices. Understanding serving sizes, calorie content, and nutrient values can guide individuals toward healthier options.
• Cooking Skills: Teaching students and adults how to prepare balanced meals from fresh ingredients can instill a lifelong appreciation for home-cooked food. Cooking classes and workshops can be valuable in this regard.
• Reducing Marketing to Children: Regulations should be in place to limit the marketing of junk food to children. This includes restrictions on advertising in schools, on children’s programming, and through digital media channels.
• Role of Parents and Caregivers: Parents and caregivers play a pivotal role in shaping children’s eating habits. Setting a positive example through their own food choices and providing a variety of nutritious foods at home can establish a strong foundation for healthy eating.
• Physical Activity: Encouraging regular physical activity is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Schools and communities should provide opportunities for physical exercise and play.
• Government Policies: Governments can implement policies such as sugar taxes, restrictions on unhealthy food advertising, and regulations on school lunch programs to promote healthier eating habits.

In conclusion, junk food is a prevalent and tempting part of modern diets, but it comes with significant health consequences. It is essential to educate students and the general public about the risks associated with excessive junk food consumption and promote healthier alternatives. By emphasizing nutrition education, access to nutritious food, cooking skills, and responsible marketing practices, we can work towards a healthier future where individuals make informed food choices, leading to improved overall well-being and a reduced burden of diet-related diseases. It is a collective effort that involves individuals, families, communities, educational institutions, and policymakers. Together, we can navigate the path to a healthier future and help students make choices that support their long-term health and vitality.

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10 Harmful Effects of Junk Food: Potential Health Risks and Dangers

There’s no denying the fact that junk food has gone global. It may be difficult to resist the lure of this sweet, fatty, and tasty food that is now can be found just about everywhere. Yet, we should not forget that consuming junk food regularly can have negative effects on our general health and well-being. ‘Junk foods’ refer to foods that contain a lot of calories, but have little nutritional value.

These foods are high in calories, fat, sugar, salt, and processed carbohydrates, but low in nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and fiber. In this article, doctors at Fortis Hospital, Mulund , explore the scientific evidence behind the adverse effects of junk food consumption on health.

Why junk food is bad for your health?

A lot of research has shown that eating junk foods (such as hamburgers, fries, cakes and biscuits, sugary sodas, etc) regularly can put you at risk for obesity and other chronic diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer . Here are 10 major harmful effects of eating junk food you should know:

10 harmful effects of eating junk food

• Cardiovascular problems
• High cholesterol
• Kidney damage
• Liver disease
• Dental cavities
• Skin problems

1. Cardiovascular problems

One of the major detrimental side effects of junk food consumption is increased cardiovascular disease risk. A large Harvard study showed that eating high amounts of red meat and sugary treats may trigger inflammation, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. However, a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and other anti-inflammatory foods can reduce the risk while promoting cardiovascular health.

2. High cholesterol

Diets high in saturated fat can raise the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or ‘bad’ cholesterol. Avoid or limit the intake of junk food and other unhealthy high-cholesterol foods to reduce your risk while creating a more favorable LDL-to-HDL ratio. High-density lipoproteins (HDL), also known as ‘good’ cholesterol, helps remove other types of cholesterol from your bloodstream.

3. Diabetes

Research has shown that junk food may raise the risk of developing diabetes in various ways. For instance, foods that are high in calories and low in nutrients break down quickly in the body, which causes a rapid rise in blood sugar levels. Regularly eating junk food may lead to weight gain and excess body fat, which are major risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes. Junk foods are usually high in added salt, which can contribute to high blood pressure linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Junk food can also raise the levels of triglycerides due to the high content of trans and saturated fats. High levels of triglycerides can raise your risk for type 2 diabetes. Make healthier food choices to reduce your risk of developing diabetes and help manage the condition, in case you have it.

4. Kidney damage

Eating junk and processed foods can take a huge toll on your kidney health. Researchers reported in a 2016 study published in the journal Experimental Physiology that eating junk food can cause damage to your kidneys as much as diabetes. Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle to promote and protect your kidney health.

5. Obesity

Consuming energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods , such as junk food, is associated with an increased risk of obesity , which has been declared an epidemic irrespective of age, gender, or ethnicity. Obesity is also a major risk factor for heart disease, respiratory problems, cancer, and many serious chronic conditions. Being aware of the adverse effects of eating junk food and making healthier lifestyle choices will help you avoid unhealthy weight gain and promote good health.

6. Liver disease

Diet plays a major role in the development and progression of liver disease. Several studies have shown that excessive consumption of foods that are loaded with unhealthy fats, proteins from meat, refined carbs, and sugar, can cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease . Unhealthy foods such as junk food combined with a sedentary lifestyle can cause liver damage, leading to cirrhosis and increasing the risk of liver cancer.

7. Cancer

A poor diet that is high in fats, sugars, salts, and kilojoules, has been linked to a higher risk of many cancers. In a study published in the journal PLOS Medicine, researchers reported that people who ate the most junk food showed a higher risk of stomach, colorectal, and respiratory tract cancers. Follow a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and plant-based proteins to reduce the risk of certain cancers and help you stay healthy.

8. Dental cavities

Junk foods taste so good, but they can ruin your oral health. The sugar and salt in these foods feed harmful bacteria in your mouth, which produce acids that break down tooth enamel and cause cavities. Consider a diet rich in whole foods instead to help protect your teeth.

9. Depression

Experts have warned that not only junk food affect your body, but also impacts your mind. A study, namely, by the Molecular Psychiatry journal, showed that eating junk food raises the risk of depression. Furthermore, high junk food intake may make you less active, eat fewer fruits and veggies, and promote other poor dietary habits. One should focus on a healthy, balanced diet to improve mental health.

10. Skin problems

Eating a lot of junk or processed foods can cause various skin problems like pimples and acne breakouts. For example, a research review from 2021 showed that foods high in fats, refined carbs, and sugars were linked with acne. Other studies have also reported that diets high in dairy foods may be associated with an increased risk of acne. Adopting a balanced diet will go a long way toward preventing acne and other skin issues. A balanced diet is a diet that contains an adequate amount of all essential nutrients.

Key Takeaway

Junk food, also known as discretionary food or optional food, is not required as part of any diet. This doesn’t mean you would have to necessarily give up on all those delicious treats, but you may only have it occasionally and in small amounts. This will help you avoid gaining excessive weight and other health complications linked to junk food. The bottom line is, a balanced diet combined with other healthy habits will not only help prevent or reduce the risk of chronic diseases but also promote overall health.

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Essay on Junk Food for Children and Students – Infinity Learn

Table of Contents

Essay on Junk Food: Junk food is an informal term for food that is of little nutritional value and is often high in calories, fat, sugar, and salt. It can include fast food, processed snacks, and sugary drinks. Junk food is often convenient and easy to eat, but it is not always healthy. It is generally considered to be unhealthy food that is high in calories but low in nutrients.

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Junk food has been linked to a number of health problems, including obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Some experts believe that the high levels of sugar, fat, and salt in junk food can lead to cravings and overeating.

Essay on junk food is a common topic given to the school students during essay writing competition in order to make them aware about junk food. Here we have given some easy and simple junk food essay which you can chose according to your need of words limit.

Long and Short Essay on Junk Food in English

Junk food essay 100 words.

Good health is the necessity of living a healthy life for every one of us which needs to maintain a healthy diet and healthy habits throughout the life. However, the custom of eating junk food in many is increasing day by day and making our future sad and diseased especially our future generations. Parents should be very conscious towards the eating habits of their kids and children because in the childhood they never know and decide their good or bad so it is parents who are fully responsible for the good or bad eating habits among their kids. They should train their kids about eating habits from childhood and make them clear about the differences between healthy and junk foods.

Junk Food Essay 150 words

Generally, junk foods look so attractive and yummy for the people of every age group. However, it is very true that they are so coarse from inside. What they look from outside never become from inside. Junk foods are never considered healthy to the health, they have been proved unhealthy in all ways. Junk foods are unfit to the health and one who practice to eat junk foods calls so many disorders to his/her health. It may cause heart diseases, cancer, early ageing, high blood pressure, bone problems, diabetes, mental disorders, liver disorders, digestive system problems, constipation, diarrhoea, heart attack, prostate and breast cancer, osteoporosis, and so many health disorders.

According to the research, it is found that puberty is the most sensitive age during which one should practice healthy eating habits because during this age there are many changes occur in the body to prepare one to enter to the adult age group.

Junk Food Essay 200 words

The term junk food means a food do not good to the body health in anyway. It is less nutritional and harmful to the body systems. Most of junk foods contain high level of saturated fats, sugar, salt and bad cholesterol which are toxin to the health. They become lack of dietary fibers so easily get involve in causing constipation and other digestive disorders.

Essay on Unhealthy Food. Unhealthy food refers to heavily processed and refined food products. It’s typically less nutritious than natural, whole foods. Unhealthy food is often linked to weight gain and can lead to significant health problems, especially in kids, including the risk of developing conditions like diabetes.

Junk foods have gained so much popularity because of the nice taste and easy to cook. There are many readymade junk foods available in the market packed in the polybags. Most of the people are depend on such readymade foods because of their busy schedule or they do not know to cook food at home.

The consumption of junk food all over the world is increasing day by day which is not good for the future. People of all age groups like to eat junk food and they generally chose to eat whenever they enjoy special time with family like birthday party, marriage anniversary, etc. They easily become used to of taking soft drinks, wafers, chips, noodles, burgers, pizza, french fries, Chinese dishes, and other varieties of fast food available in the market.

Junk Food Essay 250 words

As we all know the truth about junk foods and it needs no introduction. However, it is a most interesting question that why everyone likes to eat junk foods even after knowing its truth. Nowadays every one of us is enjoying well the taste of junk food because it is delicious, affordable and readily available. Junk foods have no nutritional value and essential ingredients required for the health. I t is very harmful to the health if consumed on regular basis. It causes a spike in body energy level and creates sleeping disorders. It reduces level of concentration and calls to chronic diseases such as obesity, hormonal imbalances, heart diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes, etc.

Junk foods become very oily and lack of dietary fibers thus they are hard to digest and require more energy to perform the process from body and make a person lack of oxygen level in the body which lead towards improper brain functioning. Junk foods are high in bad cholesterol and cause heart and liver damage. Because of lack of dietary fibers they cause strain to the stomach and other digestive organs and result in constipation.

Junk foods are always harmful to the heath and deteriorate the health condition if taken on regular basis without providing any health benefits. We should avoid eating junk foods in order to enjoy the good health and happy life all through the life.

Junk Food Essay 300 words

The word junk food speaks itself a lot and indicates its harmful nature to the health. Junk foods are trash food to the health because they are high in calorie, fat, cholesterol, sugar and salt components. Nowadays kids and teenagers are more prone to eat junk foods daily in bulk amount. They are leading their lives towards danger through their unhealthy lifestyle. They generally eat chips, french fries, cracks, snack, chawmin, burger, pizza, pasta, and other junk foods whenever they feel hungry. No junk foods are beneficial and provide no nutritional value.

It affects the health in all ways of the people of any age group, weight and health condition. Junk foods are considered as high in calories however one who eat end up easily getting exhausted and need more food frequently. Junk food does not provide appropriate level of energy thus the eater develop tendencies of craving more food frequently.

What we generally acquire from the junk foods are unhealthy fats and not healthy ingredients thus we feel lack of oxygen which causes poor brain functioning. We absorb much cholesterol from such type of foods which causes plaque formation in the arteries and creates problems for the heart to pump normal amount of blood. That’s why we feel high level fatigue. High level of bad cholesterol destroys our liver and put more weight at the same time.

According to the research, kids and children eating more junk food on daily basis are overweight and obese and highly prone to the heart and liver disorders. Such kids are more prone to become diabetic and lethargic because of high sugar collection in their body in the early ages. They get high blood pressure because of high amount of sodium mineral in the junk foods. Kids and children should be trained by their parents to follow healthy eating habits from the childhood.

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Junk Food Essay 400 words

Junk foods taste good that’s why it is mostly liked by everyone of any age group especially kids and school going children. They generally ask for the junk food daily because they have been trend so by their parents from the childhood. They never have been discussed by their parents about the harmful effects of junk foods over health.

According to the research by scientists, it has been found that junk foods have negative effects on the health in many ways. They are generally fried food found in the market in the packets. They become high in calories, high in cholesterol, low in healthy nutrients, high in sodium mineral, high in sugar, starch, unhealthy fat, lack of protein and lack of dietary fibers.

Processed and junk foods are the means of rapid and unhealthy weight gain and negatively impact the whole body throughout the life. It makes able a person to gain excessive weight which is called as obesity. Junk foods tastes good and looks good however do not fulfil the healthy calorie requirement of the body. Some of the foods like french fries, fried foods, pizza, burgers, candy, soft drinks, baked goods, ice cream, cookies, etc are the example of high-sugar and high-fat containing foods.

It is found according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention that Kids and children eating junk food are more prone to the type-2 diabetes. In type-2 diabetes our body become unable to regulate blood sugar level. Risk of getting this disease is increasing as one become more obese or overweight. It increases the risk of kidney failure.

Eating junk food daily lead us to the nutritional deficiencies in the body because it is lack of essential nutrients, vitamins, iron, minerals and dietary fibers. It increases risk of cardiovascular diseases because it is rich in saturated fat, sodium and bad cholesterol. High sodium and bad cholesterol diet increases blood pressure and overloads the heart functioning.

One who like junk food develop more risk to put on extra weight and become fatter and unhealthier. Junk foods contain high level carbohydrate which spike blood sugar level and make person more lethargic, sleepy and less active and alert. Reflexes and senses of the people eating this food become dull day by day thus they live more sedentary life. Junk foods are the source of constipation and other disease like diabetes, heart ailments, clogged arteries, heart attack, strokes, etc because of being poor in nutrition.

Essay on Junk Food FAQs

What is junk food in 10 lines.

Junk food is processed, high-calorie food with little nutrition. It includes items like fast food, sugary snacks, and soft drinks. These foods are often convenient but lack essential nutrients like vitamins and fiber. Overeating junk food can lead to health issues like obesity and heart problems.

What are the 10 harmful effects of junk food?

Eating too much junk food can cause health problems, including obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure. It can also harm your dental health, lead to digestive issues, and affect your energy levels negatively.

What is healthy food and junk food?

Healthy food is fresh and packed with essential nutrients, like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Junk food, on the other hand, is highly processed and offers little nutritional value. It's often high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats.

How do you write a junk food essay?

To write a junk food essay, start with an introduction explaining what junk food is. Then discuss its impact on health, including obesity and related diseases. Conclude with suggestions for a balanced diet.

What are the harmful effects of junk food?

Harmful effects of junk food include weight gain, high cholesterol, and an increased risk of chronic diseases. It can also lead to poor digestion, low energy, and dental problems.

How is junk food harmful for our health?

Junk food can harm our health by causing obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. It lacks essential nutrients, and overconsumption can lead to various health issues.

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Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Nutrition & Dieting — Junk Food

Essays on Junk Food

The importance of writing an essay on junk food.

Writing an essay on junk food is important because it allows us to explore and understand the negative effects of consuming unhealthy foods. Junk food has become a widespread issue in today's society, and writing about it can help raise awareness and promote healthier eating habits.

When writing an essay on junk food, it's important to research and include factual information about the harmful effects of consuming these types of foods. This can include discussing the high levels of sugar, fat, and sodium found in junk food, as well as the impact it has on our overall health and well-being.

Additionally, it's crucial to address the societal and environmental implications of junk food consumption. This can involve discussing the marketing tactics used to promote these products, as well as the impact on our planet due to excessive packaging and waste.

To effectively convey the message in your essay, it's important to use a clear and persuasive writing style. This can involve using strong evidence and examples to support your arguments, as well as engaging the reader with a compelling and .

Overall, writing an essay on junk food is important because it allows us to shed light on the negative effects of consuming these foods and encourages individuals to make healthier choices for themselves and the environment.

• The Impact of Junk Food on Health

Junk food has long been associated with negative health effects, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. This essay will explore the various ways in which junk food can negatively impact our health, and discuss potential solutions for reducing its consumption.

• The Role of Advertising in Promoting Junk Food

Advertising plays a significant role in promoting junk food to consumers, especially to children. This essay will examine the tactics used by advertisers to market junk food, and discuss the ethical implications of targeting vulnerable populations.

• The Influence of Junk Food on Children's Eating Habits

Children are particularly susceptible to the allure of junk food, which can have long-term consequences for their health. This essay will explore the ways in which junk food influences children's eating habits, and discuss strategies for promoting healthier choices.

• The Economics of Junk Food

Junk food is often cheaper and more readily available than healthier alternatives, making it a popular choice for many consumers. This essay will examine the economic factors that contribute to the prevalence of junk food, and discuss potential solutions for making healthy options more accessible.

• The Cultural Significance of Junk Food

Junk food has become deeply ingrained in modern culture, with many iconic brands and products becoming synonymous with American cuisine. This essay will explore the cultural significance of junk food, and discuss the ways in which it has shaped our culinary landscape.

• The Environmental Impact of Junk Food Packaging

The production and disposal of junk food packaging can have significant environmental consequences, contributing to pollution and waste. This essay will examine the environmental impact of junk food packaging, and discuss potential solutions for reducing its footprint.

• The Psychology of Cravings for Junk Food

Many people experience intense cravings for junk food, which can be difficult to resist. This essay will explore the psychology behind these cravings, and discuss strategies for overcoming them and making healthier choices.

• The Role of Government Regulation in Limiting Junk Food Consumption

Government regulations can play a crucial role in limiting the consumption of junk food, through measures such as bans on advertising to children and restrictions on the sale of unhealthy products. This essay will examine the impact of government regulation on junk food consumption, and discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of such policies.

• The Ethics of Junk Food Consumption

Consuming junk food raises ethical questions about personal responsibility, corporate accountability, and societal well-being. This essay will explore the ethical implications of junk food consumption, and discuss potential solutions for addressing these concerns.

• The Future of Junk Food

As our understanding of nutrition and health continues to evolve, the future of junk food is uncertain. This essay will explore potential trends and developments in the junk food industry, and discuss the ways in which our attitudes and behaviors toward junk food may change in the years to come.

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Essay on Junk Food

Junk food is a term used to describe highly processed and refined food. It is generally considered less nutritious than natural foods. Junk food has been associated with obesity and causing serious health issues in children, along with the development of diseases such as diabetes. Junk food is not suitable for anyone. It is filled with sugar and other unhealthy ingredients that can cause diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Junk foods are also loaded with sodium, which is dangerous for people suffering from hypertension. Sometimes the calories in a junk food item can be deceiving because they will seem to satisfy hunger; instead, it fills our stomach and makes it harder to stop eating. BYJU’S essay on junk food in schools is a great tool to help the little ones understand the disadvantages of junk food.

Junk food is famous for being inexpensive processed food. The term is often used to insult unhealthy, unbalanced foods that contain high amounts of sugar, fat, and calories. Junk food usually contains added chemicals that can cause an imbalance in our bodies. Junk food also tends to be full of empty calories. Eating junk food regularly leads to weight gain, putting people at a higher risk of developing severe diseases. Now, let us learn from BYJU’S short essay on avoid junk food by understanding the harms caused by eating junk food.

Why Should We Avoid Junk Food?

Now, let us understand the demerits of junk food by reading BYJU’S effects of junk food on health essay. Junk food is not suitable for our bodies as it contains a lot of processed sugars, leading to weight gain. It also affects brain function, causing slower reaction times and memory loss. Many people are trying to be more aware of junk food, so they choose healthy alternatives like fruits and vegetables instead of unhealthy treats.

Besides the health issues, junk food can also be addicting. It contains high sugar levels, which can cause diabetes, and it is often filled with preservatives, artificial colours, flavours and other unhealthy additives. Junk food also has a high-calorie content and is usually made with processed ingredients that don’t provide many nutrients.

Junk food is a term that comes to mind when thinking about food that is high in calories and low in nutrients. It is not a good choice as it is something you have to avoid because of its detrimental effects on health. Junk food has been linked to many health issues such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and others. What starts as an innocent distraction from stress could become daily chaos for many people. However, healthy food is rich in nutrients and wholesome, unlike junk food.

Having junk food occasionally is not bad, but consuming it every day is bad for health. Healthy food might taste bland, but it’s good for your health. For more essays, worksheets , and other kids learning activities, visit BYJU’S website.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is junk food bad.

Junk food is bad for a number of reasons, such as high levels of salt, sugar and fat. These ingredients make junk food taste good, but they make us unhealthy. Overeating these foods can cause obesity, heart disease, diabetes and other chronic health conditions.

How to avoid junk food?

There are many ways to avoid junk food, but the most critical step is knowing your portion sizes. When hungry, stick with whole grains like brown rice and quinoa and fill up on vegetables instead of chips or other high-carb snacks.

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Essay on Healthy Food vs Junk Food

Students are often asked to write an essay on Healthy Food vs Junk Food in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Healthy Food vs Junk Food

Introduction.

Healthy food and junk food are two types of food often discussed. Healthy food is nutritious, while junk food lacks essential nutrients but is high in harmful substances.

Healthy Food

Healthy food includes fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. They provide the body with necessary vitamins, minerals, and fiber to maintain good health.

Junk food includes fast food, sweets, and soda. They contain high amounts of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats, which can lead to health problems like obesity and heart disease.

In conclusion, healthy food is the best choice for maintaining good health, while junk food can harm our health.

250 Words Essay on Healthy Food vs Junk Food

The allure of junk food.

Junk food, characterized by high levels of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats, is often preferred for its convenience and addictive taste. However, the immediate gratification it offers comes with long-term health consequences. Overconsumption of junk food is linked to obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses. It also negatively impacts cognitive functions, affecting academic performance and productivity.

The Power of Healthy Food

On the other hand, healthy food, rich in nutrients like vitamins, minerals, protein, and fiber, provides the body with the necessary components for optimal functioning. These foods boost the immune system, enhance cognitive abilities, and lower the risk of chronic diseases. They also contribute to maintaining a healthy weight and promote overall well-being.

Changing the Narrative

Despite the clear benefits of healthy food, the pervasive culture of fast food has normalized junk food consumption. However, changing this narrative is possible through education and awareness. Understanding the detrimental effects of junk food and the benefits of a balanced diet can help steer societal preferences towards healthier options.

In conclusion, while junk food may appeal to our taste buds and offer convenience, its long-term effects on health are detrimental. In contrast, healthy food, despite being less convenient, provides numerous health benefits, making it the superior choice. It is essential for individuals, especially college students, to make informed dietary choices for a healthier future.

500 Words Essay on Healthy Food vs Junk Food

The debate between healthy food and junk food has been a topic of interest for many years. As society becomes more health-conscious, the importance of dietary choices is increasingly recognized. This essay aims to explore the differences between healthy and junk food, their impact on our health, and the societal implications of these choices.

Understanding Healthy Food and Junk Food

On the other hand, junk food is typically high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and salt, while being low in nutritional value. Common examples include fast food, candy, soda, and chips. These foods may be appealing due to their taste and convenience, but their regular consumption can lead to various health issues.

The Health Implications

The consumption of healthy food has numerous health benefits. It provides the necessary nutrients that the body needs to function optimally. A balanced diet can help maintain a healthy weight, boost the immune system, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.

Societal Implications

The choices between healthy food and junk food also have broader societal implications. The rising consumption of junk food is often linked to the global obesity epidemic. The ease of access and low cost of junk food, combined with aggressive marketing strategies, contribute to its popularity, particularly among younger generations.

Meanwhile, healthy food is often perceived as more expensive and less accessible, especially in low-income communities. This creates a socio-economic divide in dietary choices and health outcomes. Promoting the consumption of healthy food and making it more accessible and affordable can help address these disparities.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

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Harmful Effects Of Junk Food – 10 Lines, Short & Long Essay For Kids

Key Points To Note: Essay On Harmful Effects Of Junk Food For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on harmful effects of junk food for kids, a paragraph on ‘harmful effects of junk food’ for kids, short essay on ‘harmful effects of junk food’ for children, long essay on ‘harmful effects of junk food’ for kids, what will your child learn from this essay.

There is a reason they have named it ‘junk’ food. It usually tastes really good, but is it healthy? Not really! It, therefore, becomes important that children learn all they can about fast food. Writing an essay on the topic will make your child aware of the adverse effects of junk food. When your child writes an essay on junk food in English, it also lays the foundation of English grammar and improves their thought process. Let us help your little kid write an essay on the harmful effects of junk food for classes 1, 2 and 3.

Your child needs to remember a few important points while writing an essay on the harmful effects of junk food:

• First, let your child structure the ideas they want to write about junk food.
• Second, ask them to note the ideas to form an outline to cover all the points while writing the essay.
• In the third step, ask them to make short and simple sentences from the pointers.
• Motivate your little one not to write about any idea too deeply.
• Ask your child to write with the flow, making them enjoy every bit of writing the essay.
• Your little one can write about junk food, why people like it, how it harms our health, and what we should eat instead of junk.

Let us help your child write ten lines and form an essay for classes 1 and 2 on the harmful effects of junk food:

• Junk food harms our health.
• Junk food is convenient but not good for us.
• It is tasty but unhealthy.
• People love to gorge on junk food.
• It is poor in nutrition.
• It is very poor in dietary fibre.
• A lot of junk food has high sugar.
• It has high salt content.
• It has many calories.
• It can make us obese.

Junk food is becoming a silent threat to the whole world. Help your child write an essay on this topic.

Junk food is convenient and tasty; people love eating it or even having it as a substitute for their main courses. But, it is extremely poor in nutrition, harms us, and contains no dietary fibre. Junk food has high sugar and salt content. It has many calories, makes us obese and unhealthy, and is responsible for many diseases.

‘Ditch the junk’ is a popular saying about junk food. Guide your little one to write a short paragraph on this topic.

Fast food has become extremely popular throughout the world, and along with its popularity, it has caused a lot of harm. It has zero nutritional value, but people get so tempted by the taste that they get attracted to it. People often get addicted to fast food, take a bite on the go and even include junk food in their main meals. It has no nutritional value and only harms us. Junk food is high in salt and sugar content, which is bad for our health. Junk food also lacks dietary fibre, essential for a healthy body. Fast food has many calories and is a major cause of obesity.

Junk food, as the name suggests, is not healthy. On the contrary, it has become a favourite of a major section of the population in the world. Let us help your little one write a knowledgeable essay for class 3 on this topic:

Junk food has become so popular due to its convenience and taste. All those tempting food items like rolls, burgers, pizzas, french fries, hot dogs, sandwiches, fried snacks, rolls, noodles, ice cream, sweets, soda pop, colas, chips, cakes and many other yummy and quick treats popping out of a package, fall under junk food. Even the juices we unbottle and drink or those fizzy drinks that quench our thirst and make us feel great on a hot afternoon are damaging our health. They have high sugar and artificial flavours and colourings. It becomes extremely important that we understand the harm these food items do to our health. They are very poor in nutrition. They satisfy our hunger but don’t add anything to our health. Instead, they only damage us. They contain unhealthy fats that make us obese and are responsible for many diseases and illnesses. Junk food gives rise to cardiac conditions, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and more. It, therefore, becomes extremely important that we choose our food consciously. We should eat green vegetables and fruits. We can opt to drink fruit juices freshly squeezed at home or coconut water.

Along with eating the right food, it is important that we also exercise daily. Exercise and the right food are the basic principles of a healthy and fit body. Besides the body, it also has a positive effect on our minds.

What Is Junk Food?

Food that is packaged or pre-prepared and has low nutritional value is known as junk food.

Why Is Junk Food Gaining Popularity And Why Do People Prefer It?

Junk food is gaining popularity because of its taste. It is also very convenient. We can get it ready instantly. Online ordering and quick delivery options also make it a popular choice among people.

Harmful Effects Of Eating Junk Food On Health

Junk food may be extremely popular, but it is toxic for our health. Let us discuss below the adverse impacts of junk food.

1. Cardiac Issues  

Junk food is loaded with harmful fats, leading to obesity and heart problems.

2. High Blood Pressure  

Excess sodium in junk food causes high blood pressure.

3. Diabetes 

Excessive sugar content in junk food can lead to diabetes.

Ways To Avoid Junk Food

Here are a few ways to avoid junk food.

1. See Junk Food In A Negative Light  

It is important to understand the harm processed food does to us and look at it negatively.

2. Plan A Perfect Diet 

It’s always good to prepare your snacks and meals in advance, and there will be a lesser chance of grabbing some junk food when you have wholesome food ready already.

3. Shop Healthy Fruits And Vegetables 

Consider shopping for organic fruits and vegetables.

4. Eat Healthy Fats 

It is a complete misconception that fat makes us obese. Our body needs fats, but trans fats are unhealthy and harm our bodies, so we should avoid them. We should consume saturated fats in a limited amount.

When your child writes an essay on the harmful effects of junk food, they become aware of how dangerous fast food is. It helps them stay away from all types of packaged and processed food. Writing about it gives structure to children’s thoughts.

1. Can Consumption Of Junk Food Be Addictive?

Yes, one can become addicted to fast food when consumed continuously. Certain additives in junk food can make children and adults crave these foods.

2. How To Control The Craving To Have Junk Food?

We can check the craving for junk food by choosing natural homecooked foods that taste very similar to junk food.

We hope the above blog on the harmful effects of junk food will help your child write an interesting essay on the topic and, at the same time, check their consumption of the same.

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Home » General Health » Harmful Effects of Junk Food: Health Hazards of Junk Food

Harmful Effects of Junk Food: Health Hazards of Junk Food

• February 27, 2024

Good health is the necessity of living a healthy life for every one of us which needs to maintain a healthy diet and healthy habits throughout the life. However, the custom of eating junk food in many is increasing day by day and is going to be a health hazard especially for our future generations.

Today, more than 95% of all chronic diseases are caused by food choice, toxic food ingredients, nutritional deficiencies and lack of physical exercise. This is perfectly true for most of the population across the world and it is also true especially for almost all school going children

People of all age groups like to eat junk food and they generally chose to eat whenever they enjoy special time with family like birthday party, marriage anniversary, etc. They easily become used to of taking soft drinks, wafers, chips, noodles, burgers, pizza, French fries, Chinese dishes, and other varieties of fast food available in the market.

Parents should be very conscious towards the eating habits of their kids and children because in the childhood they never know and decide their good or bad so it is parents who are fully responsible for the good or bad eating habits among their kids. They should train their kids about eating habits from childhood and make them clear about the differences between healthy and junk foods.

12 Harmful Effects of Junk Food

• Eating junk food daily lead us to the nutritional deficiencies in the body because it is lack of essential nutrients, vitamins, iron, minerals and dietary fibres.
• It increases risk of cardiovascular diseases because it is rich in saturated fat, sodium and bad cholesterol.
• It can cause early ageing, high blood pressure and heart attack,
• Metabolic disease like diabetes is definitely common
• Prone to digestive disease of liver disorders, stomach problems, constipation, diarrhoea and acidity is observed
• Prostate and breast cancer, bone disorders and osteoporosis are some other affects
• Kidney disorders can also develop like stones and infections
• Mental and Psychological issue can arise
• It causes a spike in body energy level and creates sleeping disorders.
• It reduces level of concentration and calls to chronic diseases such as obesity, hormonal imbalances
• Makes a person to gain excessive weight moving to obesity
• Artificial colours used are linked to allergic reactions, fatigue, asthma, skin rashes, and headaches.

Avoid eating junk food and go for balanced diet with all essential nutrients fibres and essentials to avoid health diseases and lead a better quality of life.

For more information on healthy diet contact Wockhardt hospital.

FAQs on Harmful Effects of Junk Food

Q. what are the important harmful effects of junk food.

Here are some harmful effects of junk food:

• Junk food contains a lot of calories, fat, and sugar, among other components that raise one’s calorie intake above what is necessary for metabolism, thereby resulting in obesity. So, consuming such foods increases the chances of contracting chronic disorders, such as diabetes and heart disease.
• Poor nutrition through junk food that lacks essential nutrients, may lower immunity and make a person more susceptible to diseases and infections.
• Chronic consumption of junk food has a negative impact on an individual’s mental health, slowing the cognitive ageing process and increasing rates of depression, as well as causing mood fluctuations.
• Cereals, fruit juices, and cereal-based ready-to-eat foods serve as rich sources of fibre, vitamins, and minerals, which are generally lacking in junk foods. A poor diet primarily composed of junk food not only leads to deficiency-related issues, but also results in the loss of these essential nutrients.
• Consumption of junk food is often bad for oral health, as it tends to be high in sugar and salts, along with a number of unhealthy fats.

Q. What role do the harmful effects of junk food play in the development of type 2 diabetes?

Q. how do i know if a food product is a junk food, q. how do i make healthy food choices, q. can i include a small amount of junk food in a healthy diet, q. does eating junk food cause health difficulty.

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Evaluation of Junk Food Consumption and the Risk Related to Consumer Health among the Romanian Population

Magdalena mititelu.

1 Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-6, Traian Vuia Street, Sector 2, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (G.O.); [email protected] (A.-T.C.)

Carmen-Nicoleta Oancea

2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, 200345 Craiova, Romania; [email protected]

Sorinel Marius Neacșu

3 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; moc.liamg@suiramlenirosuscaen

Adina Magdalena Musuc

4 “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; or.fci@cusuma

Theodora Claudia Gheonea

5 Center for IBD Patients, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, 200345 Craiova, Romania

Tiberius Iustinian Stanciu

6 Press Office, Ovidius University of Constanța, 900527 Constanța, Romania

Ion Rogoveanu

Fallah hashemi.

7 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; [email protected]

Gabriela Stanciu

8 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania; or.suidivo-vinu@uicnatsg

Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican

9 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected]

Ionela Belu

10 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania; [email protected]

Nicoleta Măru

11 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-6, Traian Vuia Street, Sector 2, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected]

Gabriel Olteanu

Alexandru-tiberiu cîrțu, iuliana stoicescu.

12 Department of Chemistry and Quality Control of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900001 Constanta, Romania; [email protected]

Carmen Elena Lupu

13 Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900001 Constanta, Romania; or.suidivo-vinu@upulc

Associated Data

There are no data available for this publication.

Premature aging and degradative processes are mainly generated by unhealthy habits and an unbalanced diet. Quality of food and lifestyle are important factors in sano-genesis. Many imbalances and ailments have their origin in the adoption of an unbalanced diet and a disordered lifestyle. With the help of a transversal study carried out on the basis of a questionnaire, the consumption of junk food products among the population of Romania was evaluated; at the same time, an evaluation of the characteristics of the associated diet, as well as a series of lifestyle components (quality of rest, physical activity, evaluation of the state of health) was carried out. The data collected and processed indicate an increased tendency to consume junk food products in the 18–23 age group, and especially among obese respondents. Female respondents show a lower tendency toward an increased consumption of junk food products (OR = 0.703, 95% CI)—0.19–0.95, p = 0.011) compared to male respondents. The most consumed junk food products are fried potatoes (46.2%) and pastries (41.4%). Junk food products that show an increased tendency toward consumption addiction are fried potatoes (13.8%), sweets (12.4%), pastry products (11.1%), and sweetened drinks (11.2%). The poor quality of food from a nutritional point of view, and reduced physical activity, are reflected in the varied range of problems faced by the respondents: states of fatigue (62.4%), nervousness (37.5%), depression, anxiety, emotional eating, etc.

1. Introduction

The World Health Organization (WHO) draws attention to the danger of the excessive consumption of unhealthy foods and drinks, which represents an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [ 1 ]. Junk food and sweetened and alcoholic drinks are included in the category of foods with a major risk for metabolic syndrome, which is complicated with serious consequences for health, and even the risk of premature death in the case of long-term excessive consumption associated with an unbalanced and sedentary lifestyle. These food products are characterized by a hypercaloric content, and being low in nutrients and rich in additives [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].

According to the country profile regarding the health of the Romanian population, published in 2021, and based on national statistics provided by Eurostat and OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), the life expectancy in Romania is among the lowest in the European Union (EU), with cardiovascular diseases representing the main causes of death. Unhealthy behavior accounts for nearly half of all deaths, and the rate of reported alcohol consumption and unhealthy eating among the population is above the European average. The mortality from treatable causes is double the European average, and the avoidable mortality ranks third in the EU, being mainly caused by cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and excessive alcohol consumption [ 7 ].

The main causes of Romanian deaths are represented by behavioral and environmental risk factors, especially an unhealthy diet (25%), excessive tobacco consumption (17%), excessive alcohol consumption (7%), a sedentary lifestyle (2%), and pollution (7%) [ 7 ]. Numerous studies indicate the presence of pollutants in high concentrations in certain food products, causing serious alarm bells related to their safety in consumption [ 8 , 9 ]. Unhealthy eating is characterized by a low consumption of vegetables and fruits, and a high consumption of sugar and salt. This causes a reduced consumption of fibers, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals, which are valuable nutrients in the optimal functioning of the body [ 10 , 11 ]. The rate of obesity among Romanian children has also increased recently; according to 2018 statistics, one in five children aged 15 is obese [ 7 ].

Nutrition is of particular importance in maintaining good health, in the correct and harmonious development of the body, and in the prevention of certain ailments, and nutritional therapy plays a complementary part in the healing of various ailments [ 12 , 13 ]. A healthy diet is one in which macronutrients are consumed in proportions that are adequate to support energy and physiological needs, without an excessive intake, while providing sufficient micronutrients and hydration to meet the body’s physiological needs. Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) provide the energy necessary for the cellular processes required for daily functioning. Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are required in relatively small amounts for the growth, development, metabolism, and normal physiological functioning of the body [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].

A healthy diet ( Figure 1 ) combined with a daily exercise program and a sufficient amount of sleep, helps to maintain the body weight within normal limits, as well as to reduce the risk of many chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, dental, diabetes, cancer, skeletal diseases, etc. [ 17 , 18 ].

Characteristics of a healthy diet. Created using BioRender.com.

It is important to pay particular attention to the sources used to obtain food raw materials, as food must be as free from contaminants or degradation products, and as minimally processed, as possible, to avoid the introduction of unwanted, potentially toxic compounds into the body. It is ideal to consume vegetables and fruits as naturally as possible and unsprayed; meat, eggs, fish, seafood, and dairy products from safe sources; and foods that are as minimally processed and free of additives as possible. This is unfortunately, nowadays, quite difficult to achieve, but not impossible. Avoiding the contamination of food products by various toxic substances from the environment (pesticides, heavy metals, microplastics, etc.) represents an essential element for increasing consumer safety [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].

Among the unhealthy foods are junk food products, which are hyper-caloric food products, poor in valuable nutrients for the body, and heavy in hydrogenated fats, which are rich in trans acids [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The long-term excessive consumption of these foods, correlated with a low consumption of fiber and antioxidants provided mainly by vegetable products, and with an unhealthy and predominantly sedentary lifestyle is one of the main causes of alterations in the quality of life, and the appearance of the metabolic syndrome with complications from an early age ( Figure 2 ). Industrially ultra-processed foods, rich in various synthetic additives, are also among those that lead to excessive consumption, causing the appearance of insulin resistance, obesity, allergic phenomena, food intolerances, decreased immunity, and intestinal inflammatory syndrome [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].

The risks of the excessive consumption of junk food products. Created using BioRender.com.

The term junk food usually refers to foods with little nutritional value, high in calories, fat, sugar, salt, or caffeine, and can include candy, chips, cookies, French fries, chewing gum, hamburgers, hot dogs, shawarma, ice cream, juice (especially sweetened carbonated beverages), and many packaged sweets [ 29 ]. These food products are found especially within the category of ultra-processed products, rich in food additives.

Ultra-processed foods can contribute to weight gain through their nutritional profile (a low intake of valuable nutrients, but rich in caloric substances), and by replacing low-calorie, nutritious, and minimally processed foods in the diet. Intense flavors, resulting from high levels of fat, salt, sugar, and artificial flavorings make ultra-processed foods highly palatable, potentially altering endogenous satiety mechanisms. Ultra-processed foods are, on average, higher in calories and less filling than minimally processed foods. Because satiety mechanisms are more sensitive to volume than caloric content, foods with a higher energy density may facilitate an excessive energy intake [ 30 , 31 ].

The higher energy density and oro-sensory characteristics of ultra-processed foods (softer, less fibrous, easy-to-chew textures) may also allow for greater energy intake in a shorter period of time. Experimental studies suggest that increased feeding rates may lead to an increased energy intake, potentially due to a delayed signaling of satiety [ 32 ].

Considering that junk food products are products with a low nutritional value, and are hypercaloric, with the risk of causing a food addiction to develop and significantly alter the state of health, especially when they predominate in the diet, and are accompanied by an unhealthy lifestyle, it is very important to evaluate some aspects related to their inclusion in the population’s diet. By disseminating a questionnaire among the population aged 18 and over in Romania (adult population), a cross-sectional observational study was carried out that followed the consumption of junk food, along with an evaluation of other health risk factors represented by eating habits and lifestyle.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. study design.

With the help of a questionnaire with 49 questions, structured in such a way as to collect information related to the socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the participants, along with the type and frequency of consumption of various junk food products, but also information related to diet and lifestyle characteristics, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out. The Google Forms web platform was used to disseminate the questionnaire in the online environment, through social networks, WhatsApp, and personal and institutional email addresses (higher education institutions and large companies that agreed to participate in the study). The questionnaire was addressed to people aged 18 and over, participation was voluntary; with the assurance of all conditions of confidentiality regarding personal data and identity, each respondent agreed to participate in the study without any coercion (informed consent), and without any discrimination related to sex, religion, or political beliefs, or of any other nature.

2.2. Questionnaire Validation

For the validation of the questionnaire, seven experts collaborated, and initially tested the questionnaire, in the pilot phase, on 200 volunteers. At this stage, the consistency, accuracy, and clarity of the content of the questions were improved, and ambiguous parts of the questionnaire were removed and modified in such a way that the information processed based on the collected data provided the most complete picture possible of the study carried out. The Cronbach’s alpha (α) coefficient determined was 0.83, a value that reflects a good internal consistency for the work tool used in the study [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].

2.3. Statistical Analysis

The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used for the normality checking of the continuous variables. The categorical variables are presented with frequencies (percentages). Differences in the categorical variables were analyzed using a Chi-square test. If the overall Chi-square test resulted in a p -value < 0.05, then post hoc comparisons were performed using a Bonferroni test (following the chi-square tests) [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].

Correspondence analysis (CA) was performed to visualize the relationships between age and BMI and participant responses. Furthermore, a multivariate multinomial logistic regression, with odds ratio, was performed to assess the association between junk food consumption and adherence to healthy diet categories and socio-demographic, anthropometric characteristics (age group, gender, BMI group, residence area, education level, and employment status).

Finally, a multivariable multinomial logistic regression was employed to assess the association between adherence to healthy diet and lifestyle (sleeping habits, smoking, physical activity, frequency of fast food consumption). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package Software for Social Science, version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and XLSTAT (version 2020, Addinsoft, New York, NY, USA). p -values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

3.1. Socio-Demographic and Anthropometric Data

The study carried out, based on the dissemination of the questionnaire, registered a total number of 1719 valid answers that came from 81.4% female respondents and 18.6% male respondents. The anthropometric data (weight and height) were used to calculate BMI using the Quetelet equation [body mass (kg)/height (m 2 )], and interpreted according to the criteria of the World Health Organization [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. After processing the anthropometric data, we observed that most of the respondents are of normal weight (1098), among women in particular (906). The socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the respondents are presented in Table 1 .

Socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the respondents (n = 1719).

Most of the respondents are between 18 and 23 years old (48.1%), and 62% of them are students. Most respondents live in an urban area (80.9%) and are people with a secondary education (baccalaureate diploma) (41.4%). In addition, from the processing of the anthropometric data ( Figure 3 a), overweight (39.4%) and obese (19.4%) people are found among the respondents aged over 45 in the largest number, compared to those aged between 18 and 23 years (13.4% overweight and 5.6% obese) or aged between 24 and 35 years (15.6% overweight, 6% obese). Respondents with a normal weight are the majority in the age groups 18–23 (68.2%) and 24–35 (68.7%).

Weight status according to ( a ) age group (χ 2 = 160.49, p < 0.001), and ( b ) gender (χ 2 = 112.22, p < 0.001).

Higher percentages of overweight (29.2%) and obese (16.9%) respondents are found among the male respondents ( Figure 3 b). Underweight people are more common among the female respondents (11.8%) compared to the male participants (2.4%).

3.2. Consumption of Junk Food Products

The evaluation of the consumption of junk food products was based on four categories of food products: sweets (cakes, candies, ice cream, packaged sweet products, chewing gum), drinks (sweetened carbohydrates, sweetened non-carbohydrates, energy drinks, coffee), fast foods (hotdogs, hamburgers, fries, wrapped sandwiches, shawarma) and salty snacks (snacks, pastries, crisps). Each positive response related to consumption was quantified with 1, while each negative response related to the consumption of a certain indicated junk food product was quantified with 0. A number of 162 (9.4%) respondents said that they do not consume any of the junk food products indicated.

Chi-square analysis and correspondence analysis (CA) were conducted for the anthropometric variables of BMI and age.

For the age groups, the bi-plot indicates that 97.01% of the variability observed can be attributed to the two main components for F1 (88.67%) and F2 (8.34%). CA shows a significant difference (χ 2 = 68.66 and p < 0.001) between age groups, and the 17 types of junk food products ( Figure 4 ). The 24–35 and 36–45 age groups show similar profiles in terms of junk food consumption.

The first two dimensions of the correspondence analysis (CA) symmetric plot, using age (18–23, 24–35, 36–45, and 45 and older) as rows, and all the 17 answers as columns.

Overall, the most consumed junk food products are fried potatoes (46.2%) and pastries (41.4%). The comparisons of the column proportions indicate that the percentage of respondents who consume junk food products, younger than 23 years old, was significantly higher than those older than 35 years old ( Table 2 ). Only 73 of the respondents declare that they consume hot dogs as a junk food product, with 64.4% being in the 18–23 age group. Energy drinks are also consumed mainly by young respondents (76.6%).

Type of consumed junk food products according to age, and test of equality for column proportions (z-test).

Values in the same row not sharing the same superscript were significantly different at p < 0.05 in the two-sided test of equality for column proportions (z-test). Tests were adjusted for all pairwise comparisons within a row of each innermost sub-table using the Bonferroni correction.

For BMI, the biplot indicated that 95.67% of the variability observed could be attributed to the two principal components for F1 (85.28%) and F2 (10.39%). The CA showed a significant difference (χ 2 = 72.33 and p < 0.001) between BMI and the 17 types of junk food products ( Figure 5 ). Obese and overweight respondents present similar profiles related to the consumption of junk food products.

The first two dimensions of the correspondence analysis (CA) symmetric plot using BMI (Underweight, Normal weight, Overweight and Obese) as rows, and all 17 answers as columns.

The comparisons of the column proportions indicated that underweight people prefer the consumption of salty products (chips 39.9%, snacks 36.9%, and pastries 57.1%) in a significantly higher percentage compared to the other categories ( Table 3 ).

Type of consumed junk food products by age and test of equality for column proportions (z-test).

To determine the level of junk food consumption, all the food products associated with the four categories (sweets, sweetened drinks, fast food products, and salty snacks) were summed, to obtain a total number of 17 products, with this being considered the maximum value. The classification was made as follows: a total score less than or equal to 4 was classified as low consumption, the score between 5 and 9 was classified as medium consumption, and the score greater than 9 was considered high consumption of junk food ( Table 3 ).

Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between fast-food consumption and the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, three variables were significant to predict for a higher junk food consumption ( Table 4 ): age: χ 2 = 18.082, p = 0.032, aender: χ 2 = 9.897, p = 0.019, BMI: χ 2 = 17.127, p < 0.047, and level of education: χ 2 = 76.205, p < 0.001.

Results of the multinomial logistic regression for the junk food consumption level.

Dependent variable: do not consume frequently junk food as reference category.

Female respondents show a lower tendency toward an increased consumption of junk food products (OR = 0.703, 95%(CI): 0.19–0.95, p = 0.011) compared to male respondents. Participants between the ages of 18 and 23, with secondary education with/without a high school diploma, and those who are obese, show an approximately three-times-higher tendency to consume junk food products.

3.3. Adherence to Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Correlated with Junk Food Consumption

The data were completed with a new categorical variable named “Adherence to a healthy diet”, which was constructed based on the answers to questions that tracked the frequency of healthy food consumption (vegetables and fruits, eggs, dairy products, fish, seafood, meat, virgin and extra-virgin vegetable oils, whole grains, moderate consumption of sweets, alcohol, proper hydration), with all questions having answers from 1 (very little or not at all, regarding the frequency of consumption) up to 5 (a lot or always, frequency of consumption). Summing the answers formed a raw score, which we then scaled into a T score (standardized), with an average of 53.48 and standard deviation of 7. Scores above 60 indicated maximum values for adherence to a healthy diet, and those below 50 indicated an adherence to an unhealthy diet ( Table 5 ).

Adherence to healthy diet by age group, gender, BMI group, residence area, education level, and employment status (n = 1719).

A multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the adherence to heathy diet (dependent variable) and the socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. In multiple logistic regression analysis, four variables were significant to predict for a higher junk food consumption ( Table 6 ). These were for age: χ 2 = 39.931, p < 0.01; for level of education: χ 2 = 27.084, p = 0.001 and for BMI: χ 2 = 15.566, p = 0.016.

Results of the multinomial logistic regression for the adherence to healthy diet.

Dependent variable: healthy diet as the reference category.

Participants aged between 18 and 23 years have the highest tendency to adhere to an unhealthy diet (OR = 5.35, 95%(CI): 1.89–9.12, p = 0.002), or a moderately healthy diet (OR = 2.46, 95% (CI): 1.22–4.96, p = 0.011), compared to those aged over 45 years.

Participants with a secondary education (baccalaureate degree) have an increased tendency toward an unhealthy diet compared to participants with a higher education (OR = 1.612 95%(CI):1.13–2.29, p = 0.008). Additionally, obese participants have an increased risk of having an unhealthy diet (OR = 1.49 95%(CI): 1.001–2.99, p = 0.049) compared to normal weight respondents.

Regarding lifestyle habits, we studied physical activity, smoking, sleeping habits, and the frequency of junk food consumption ( Table 7 ).

Comparison of adherence to a healthy diet with lifestyle habits and frequency of junk food consumption with the test of equality for column proportions (z-test).

The z-test indicated that a greater proportion of participants with an unhealthy diet do not exercise (31.5%), smoke excessively (30.59%), sleep less than 7 h per night (42.92%), and frequently consume junk food products (38.81%) than those who have a predominantly healthy diet ( Table 7 and Table 8 ).

Results of the multinomial logistic regression for adherence to healthy diet.

Multivariate logistic regression with healthy diet as the reference category was performed ( Table 8 ).

Respondents who consume junk food products daily have an increased risk of adhering to an unhealthy (OR = 8.31, 95% (CI): 3.55–13.86, p < 0.001) or moderately healthy (OR = 7.73, 95% (CI)) diet: 2.53–12.49, p = 0.002) compared to those who declared that they did not consume junk food products.

Those who declare that they smoke excessively daily have a 4.65 (95% (CI): 3.06–7.07, p < 0.001)-times-higher risk of adhering to an unhealthy diet, and a 1.89 (95% (CI): 1.27–2.81, p = 0.002) times higher to adhere to a moderately healthy diet, compared to non-smokers.

Respondents who exercise daily for at least one hour have a lower risk of adhering to an unhealthy diet (OR = 0.06, 95% (CI): 0.3–0.12, p < 0.001) or a moderately healthy diet (OR = 0.22, 95% (CI): 0.3–0.38, p < 0.001) compared to those who do not do sports. Moreover, even those who do sports very rarely have a lower risk of adhering to an unhealthy diet (OR = 0.42, 95% (I CI): 0.26–0.68, <0.001).

Study participants who declared that they have insomnia have a higher risk of adhering to an unhealthy diet, compared to those who sleep 7–8 h per night (OR = 2.41, 95% (CI): 1.35–4.3, p = 0.003).

The main foods that predominate in the daily diet according to the answers recorded are meat (30.5%) and vegetables and fruits (28.3%). The least consumed are fish and seafood dishes (1%). A significantly higher percentage of respondents who have a healthy diet predominantly consume vegetables and fruits (54.8%) ( Figure 6 ).

Food category predominates in the daily diet by the adherence to a healthy diet (χ 2 = 57.78, p < 0.001).

The most consumed liquid is still mineral water (46.9%), followed by drinking water (24.1%). Only 0.9% of respondents consume alcoholic beverages often. About 74% of respondents with a healthy diet consume mostly plain water ( Figure 7 ).

Drink category predominates in the daily diet by the adherence to a healthy diet (χ 2 = 42.02, p < 0.001).

A significant statistical association was found between the frequency of fast food product consumption and anthropometric data (age and BMI). More than 60% of the respondents in the age category 18–23 have a regular consumption of junk food products from daily to at least once a week ( Figure 8 a), and those between 24 and 35 years, about 30%. The highest percentage of people who consume these products very rarely or not at all is among respondents over 45 years of age.

Frequency of junk food product consumption by ( a ) age (χ 2 = 74.28, p < 0.001), and ( b ) BMI (χ 2 = 33.67, p = 0.001).

Obese and overweight people who consume junk food products regularly (daily or at least once a week) amount to a percentage between 22.43% and 31% ( Figure 8 b).

According to the centralized data from the respondents, the main reasons underlying the choice of consuming fast food or ready-to-eat products are ( Figure 9 ) a lack of time (50.4% of respondents), the pleasure of consuming such products (38.9%), satisfying the need for sweets (35.4%), and convenience (32.3%).

The main reasons underlying the consumption of junk food products.

Most of the respondents declared that they eat 1–2 meals a day without a fixed schedule ( Figure 10 ), with the highest percentage being recorded among obese (57.93%) and underweight (52.98%) people.

Distribution of meals per day by BMI (χ 2 = 37.2, p < 0.001).

The majority of underweight respondents ( Figure 11 ) believe that they eat chaotically and insufficiently (51.9%), and the majority of obese respondents believe that they eat chaotically, without measure (59.31%).

The amount of food consumed by BMI (χ 2 = 89.1, p < 0.001).

Regarding the way of serving meals, 44.14% of obese respondents and 37.66% of overweight respondents declared that they eat in a hurry, while 32.41% of obese people and 27.92% of overweight people do something else during the meal ( Figure 12 ).

Habits during meals by BMI (χ 2 = 51.45, p < 0.001).

According to the answers received from the respondents, the junk food products ( Figure 13 ) that are most indicated to cause a consumption addiction, apart from coffee, (34.8%) are fried potatoes, pastries, sweets, and sweetened drinks.

Evidence of consumption addictions for different junk food products.

Most of the respondents declared that they take part in sports very rarely or not at all; the greatest tendency toward sedentariness is shown by obese and overweight people ( Figure 14 a). Regarding the duration of sleep, the highest percentage of respondents who rest insufficiently is found among obese people ( Figure 14 b).

( a ) Physical activity by BMI (χ 2 = 34.85, p < 0.001); ( b ) sleep duration by BMI (χ 2 = 26.49, p = 0.002).

The most frequent problems ( Figure 15 ) that alter the respondents’ quality of life, according to the centralized data, are fatigue (62.4% of the respondents), frequent nervousness (37.5%), agitation (32.9%), overeating emotional (29.30%), and depressive (27.6%) and anxiety states (21.9%).

The problems that alter the quality of life.

4. Discussion

Following the dissemination of the questionnaire, 1719 valid answers were collected; most of the respondents were between 18 and 23 years old (48.1%), and 29.1% of the respondents were between 24 and 35 years old ( Table 1 ). It is also noted that the majority of study participants are female (81.4%), have secondary education (41.4%), come from an urban environment (80.9%), and are pupils or students (62%). Regarding the anthropometric characteristics, 63.8% of the respondents are a normal weight, 18% overweight, 8.4% obese, and 9.8% underweight.

During the study, an identification of the most-consumed food products of the junk-food type was conducted ( Figure 4 ), and it was found that the top preferences are fried potatoes (46.2%), pastry products (41.4%), chewing gum (33.9%), and sweetened carbonated drinks (32.9%), along with coffee (62.8%). Regarding the frequency of consumption of junk food products ( Figure 4 , Table 2 ), approximately 51% of the respondents declared that they consume them daily or weekly, with the majority being from the category of the very young (18–23 years old). There are numerous studies in the specialized literature that draw attention to the increased consumption of junk food products, especially among teenagers and young people, but also to the negative consequences on the body in the long term: the increase in the rate of obesity, and the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases, allergies and food intolerances, and type 2 diabetes. The most incriminated are sweet products, sweetened drinks, pastry products, and snacks [ 43 , 44 , 45 ].

Although 93.9% of respondents declared that they do not consider fast food or packaged ready-to-eat food products as healthy products, the main reasons for consuming them are a lack of time, convenience, and food addiction ( Figure 9 ). In recent times, the alarm bells raised by specialists have intensified regarding the danger of food addiction, especially that caused by ultra-processed foods, on the health of consumers, with serious consequences, especially due to the adoption of a lifestyle with reduced physical activity. These food addictions have generated an explosion in the obesity rate and the increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, especially from an early age [ 46 , 47 ]. Junk food products are rich in additives, some of which (such as food sweeteners, flavorings, monosodium glutamate, etc.) play an important role in the development of food addictions [ 48 , 49 , 50 ].

The analysis of junk food consumption was made in correlation with adherence to a healthy diet (which implies an optimal consumption of vegetables and fruits, whole grains, nutritious foods such as fish, seafood, dairy products, and eggs, and predominantly unsaturated fats, as well as the optimal hydration of the body), but also with adherence to a healthy lifestyle (which implies adequate rest, an active life in terms of physical activities, and avoiding the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and other unhealthy habits). Based on the quantification of the answers that followed the evaluation of the two components, it was found that 18.67% of the respondents ( Table 5 and Table 6 ) have an increased adherence to healthy eating (more women, the elderly compared to the young, and those of a normal weight, in particular), while 25.48% have an increased adherence to an unhealthy diet (especially people aged up to 24). People with low adherence to a healthy lifestyle ( Table 7 and Table 8 ) also show an increased adherence to an unhealthy lifestyle (reduced physical activity, inadequate rest, and increased consumption of alcohol or cigarettes).

From the analysis of the centralized data, it was found that 62.9% of the respondents declared that they consume one portion of vegetables (100 g) per day or rarely, and 64.5% declared that they consume only one portion of fruit per day or rarely, which is quite worrying. Vegetables and fruits offer an important supply of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which is particularly important for the health of consumers. Additionally, a very low consumption of fish and seafood was noted among the respondents; 33.3% declared that they consumed it very rarely, and 38.7% only 2–3 times a month. With regard to the degree of hydration of the body, there is an insufficient intake of water; 12.3% consume less than one liter of water per day, and 33.7% approximately one liter. On the other hand, 43.9% of the respondents consume sweetened drinks daily or weekly.

The trend of a reduced consumption of vegetables and fruits among young people is signaled by numerous scientific studies [ 51 , 52 , 53 ] that also highlight the negative consequences on their health (an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity; at the same time, there is a worldwide concern in numerous states toward stimulating the consumption of vegetables and fruits among young people, precisely to ensure an optimal intake of valuable nutrients [ 54 , 55 , 56 ].

There is also an increased trend toward sedentarism; 58.4% of the respondents declared that they do sports very rarely or not at all. Regarding cigarette consumption, 27.7% of respondents smoke heavily, and regarding rest, 39.1% of respondents do not rest enough.

Regarding the state of the immune system, 22.2% of the respondents declared that they have a weakened or unbalanced immune system, and 23% of the study participants frequently use various methods to strengthen their immune system. Regarding the need for the services of a nutritionist, 29.1% of the respondents stated that they need a specialist to help them choose healthy foods, while 19.7% of the respondents need the help of a nutritionist to eat balanced meals. Another worrisome aspect to point out: it was found that 43.4% of the respondents do not usually evaluate their health status, or do it very rarely.

Unfortunately, the consumption of junk food products is usually accompanied by the consumption of sweetened beverages, and even smoking or alcoholic beverages (which adds a series of dangerous compounds to the body, and a significant increase in calories), and less vegetable products which would have ensured an intake of important fibers and antioxidants for the detoxification of the body [ 57 , 58 , 59 ]. As a result, in the long term, unhealthy and unbalanced food associations are also the basis of micronutrient malnutrition, strongly altering the state of health [ 60 ].

There are a number of limitations to the study, related to the low participation of the population over 35 years old, probably because they were not very receptive to being included in the study, and because they considered that they are not very used to consuming junk food products, as well as a lower participation among the male population. The most important aspect of the study, however, is the increased participation of young people in particular. The collected data offer the possibility of evaluating some important aspects related to the eating habits and lifestyle of the young population, the active population, both physically and in terms of demographic development potential. Thus, it is found that among the young population there is a low consumption of foods with high nutritional value (vegetables, fruits, fish, seafood), an inadequate hydration of the body, a tendency toward a sedentary life, and an increased consumption of ultra-processed foods. In the long term, there is a risk of major imbalances. The signals are already there; although most of the respondents are young people, they face serious problems that alter their quality of life in a fairly large percentage: fatigue, frequent nervousness, depression, anxiety, and even problems with the immune system. In this sense, there is a need to intensify social–educational programs, to stimulate physical activity from an early age, as well as to stimulate the consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, seafood, and proper hydration of the body.

5. Conclusions

The consumption of junk food becomes dangerous for health when it is accompanied by a sedentary lifestyle, and is especially associated with other hypercaloric foods, such as sweetened or alcoholic beverages. Physical activity helps to offset excess calories, and the regular consumption of vegetable and fruit products counterbalances the absence or deficiency of important nutrients for the body, such as fibers, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and unsaturated fats.

Funding Statement

This research received no external funding.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, M.M., C.-N.O., S.M.N. and A.M.M.; methodology, F.H., G.S., C.-B.I.-M. and C.E.L.; software, F.H. and C.E.L.; validation, M.M., C.-N.O., S.M.N. and A.M.M.; formal analysis, G.O., N.M., I.S. and C.E.L.; investigation, A.-T.C., G.S., C.-B.I.-M. and I.B.; resources, I.B., N.M. and I.S.; data curation, T.C.G., T.I.S. and I.R.; writing—original draft preparation, T.C.G., T.I.S. and I.R.; writing—review and editing, T.C.G., T.I.S. and I.R.; visualization, T.C.G., T.I.S. and I.R.; supervision, M.M., C.-N.O., S.M.N. and A.M.M.; project administration, M.M., C.-N.O., S.M.N. and A.M.M.; funding acquisition, G.O. and A.-T.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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