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How to Format A College Essay: 15 Expert Tips

College Essays

When you're applying to college, even small decisions can feel high-stakes. This is especially true for the college essay, which often feels like the most personal part of the application. You may agonize over your college application essay format: the font, the margins, even the file format. Or maybe you're agonizing over how to organize your thoughts overall. Should you use a narrative structure? Five paragraphs?

In this comprehensive guide, we'll go over the ins and outs of how to format a college essay on both the micro and macro levels. We'll discuss minor formatting issues like headings and fonts, then discuss broad formatting concerns like whether or not to use a five-paragraph essay, and if you should use a college essay template.

How to Format a College Essay: Font, Margins, Etc.

Some of your formatting concerns will depend on whether you will be cutting and pasting your essay into a text box on an online application form or attaching a formatted document. If you aren't sure which you'll need to do, check the application instructions. Note that the Common Application does currently require you to copy and paste your essay into a text box.

Most schools also allow you to send in a paper application, which theoretically gives you increased control over your essay formatting. However, I generally don't advise sending in a paper application (unless you have no other option) for a couple of reasons:

Most schools state that they prefer to receive online applications. While it typically won't affect your chances of admission, it is wise to comply with institutional preferences in the college application process where possible. It tends to make the whole process go much more smoothly.

Paper applications can get lost in the mail. Certainly there can also be problems with online applications, but you'll be aware of the problem much sooner than if your paper application gets diverted somehow and then mailed back to you. By contrast, online applications let you be confident that your materials were received.

Regardless of how you will end up submitting your essay, you should draft it in a word processor. This will help you keep track of word count, let you use spell check, and so on.

Next, I'll go over some of the concerns you might have about the correct college essay application format, whether you're copying and pasting into a text box or attaching a document, plus a few tips that apply either way.

Formatting Guidelines That Apply No Matter How You End Up Submitting the Essay:

Unless it's specifically requested, you don't need a title. It will just eat into your word count.

Avoid cutesy, overly colloquial formatting choices like ALL CAPS or ~unnecessary symbols~ or, heaven forbid, emoji and #hashtags. Your college essay should be professional, and anything too cutesy or casual will come off as immature.

Mmm, delicious essay...I mean sandwich.

Why College Essay Templates Are a Bad Idea

You might see college essay templates online that offer guidelines on how to structure your essay and what to say in each paragraph. I strongly advise against using a template. It will make your essay sound canned and bland—two of the worst things a college essay can be. It's much better to think about what you want to say, and then talk through how to best structure it with someone else and/or make your own practice outlines before you sit down to write.

You can also find tons of successful sample essays online. Looking at these to get an idea of different styles and topics is fine, but again, I don't advise closely patterning your essay after a sample essay. You will do the best if your essay really reflects your own original voice and the experiences that are most meaningful to you.

College Application Essay Format: Key Takeaways

There are two levels of formatting you might be worried about: the micro (fonts, headings, margins, etc) and the macro (the overall structure of your essay).

Tips for the micro level of your college application essay format:

• Always draft your essay in a word processing software, even if you'll be copy-and-pasting it over into a text box.
• If you are copy-and-pasting it into a text box, make sure your formatting transfers properly, your paragraphs are clearly delineated, and your essay isn't cut off.
• If you are attaching a document, make sure your font is easily readable, your margins are standard 1-inch, your essay is 1.5 or double-spaced, and your file format is compatible with the application specs.
• There's no need for a title unless otherwise specified—it will just eat into your word count.

Tips for the macro level of your college application essay format :

• There is no super-secret college essay format that will guarantee success.
• In terms of structure, it's most important that you have an introduction that makes it clear where you're going and a conclusion that wraps up with a main point. For the middle of your essay, you have lots of freedom, just so long as it flows logically!
• I advise against using an essay template, as it will make your essay sound stilted and unoriginal.

Plus, if you use a college essay template, how will you get rid of these medieval weirdos?

What's Next?

Still feeling lost? Check out our total guide to the personal statement , or see our step-by-step guide to writing the perfect essay .

If you're not sure where to start, consider these tips for attention-grabbing first sentences to college essays!

And be sure to avoid these 10 college essay mistakes .

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Ellen has extensive education mentorship experience and is deeply committed to helping students succeed in all areas of life. She received a BA from Harvard in Folklore and Mythology and is currently pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University.

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• College Essay Format & Structure | Example Outlines

College Essay Format & Structure | Example Outlines

Published on September 24, 2021 by Meredith Testa . Revised on May 31, 2023.

There are no set rules for how to structure a college application essay, but you should carefully plan and outline to make sure your essay flows smoothly and logically.

Typical structural choices include

• a series of vignettes with a common theme
• a single story that demonstrates your positive qualities

Table of contents

Formatting your essay, outlining the essay, structures that work: two example outlines, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about college application essays.

You should keep the formatting as simple as possible. Admissions officers need to work very quickly, so fancy formatting, unnecessary flourishes, and unique fonts will come off as more distracting than individual. Keep in mind that, if you’re pasting your essay into a text box, formatting like italics may not transfer.

Your essay will be easier for admissions officers to read if it is 1.5- or double-spaced. If you choose to attach a file, ensure that it is a PDF.

You don’t need a title for your essay, but you can include one, especially if you think it will add something important.

Most importantly, ensure that you stick to the word count. Most successful essays are 500–600 words. Because you’re limited in length, make sure that you write concisely . Say everything that you need to express to get your point across, but don’t use more words than necessary, and don’t repeat yourself.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

Once you’ve finished brainstorming topics but before you start writing, think about your writing’s trajectory: how you’ll start the essay , develop it, and end it .

Do you want to organize it chronologically? Would you prefer to make a “sandwich” structure by introducing a topic or idea, moving away from it, and then coming back to it at the end? There’s a variety of options (and a pair of strong examples below), but make sure you consider how you’d like to structure the essay before you start writing.

Although you should organize your thoughts in an outline, you don’t have to stick to it strictly. Once you begin writing, you may find that the structure you’d originally chosen doesn’t quite work. In that case, it’s fine to try something else. Multiple drafts of the same essay are key to a good final product.

Whatever structure you choose, it should be clear and easy to follow, and it should be feasible to keep it within the  word count . Never write in a way that could confuse the reader. Remember, your audience will not be reading your essay closely!

Vignettes with a common theme

The vignette structure discusses several experiences that may seem unrelated, but the author weaves them together and unites them with a common theme.

For example, a student could write an essay exploring various instances of their ability to make the best of bad situations. A rough outline for that essay might look like this:

• In a rehearsal for a school play when a lighting fixture malfunctioned and the set caught fire, I helped extinguish it.
• To help the situation, I improvised fixes for the set and talked with the director about adding lines referencing the “disaster.”
• I didn’t get into my first-choice high school, but I became class president at the school where I ended up.
• When I had ACL surgery, I used the downtime to work on my upper body strength and challenged my friends to pull-up contests.
• How these qualities will serve me in college and in my career

Single story that demonstrates traits

The narrative structure focuses on a single overarching story that shows many aspects of a student’s character.

Some such essays focus on a relatively short event that the author details moment by moment, while others discuss the story of a longer journey, one that may cover months or years.

For example, a student might discuss trying out for a sports team as a middle schooler, high school freshman, and high school senior, using each of those instances to describe an aspect of their personality. A rough outline for that essay might look like this:

• Confident, there to have fun
• Very passionate and in love with the sport
• Little sister was born that day, so I had to go alone with a friend’s parents
• Learned to be independent and less self-centered
• Realized that as much as I love gymnastics, there are more important things
• Gave up first homecoming of high school, had to quit other activities, lost countless hours with friends
• I had to repeat level 9 and didn’t progress quickly
• I had a terrible beam routine at one competition the previous year and still had a mental block
• I got stuck on some skills, and it took over a year to learn them
• Passion from age 7, perspective from age 11, diligence from age 15

If you want to know more about academic writing , effective communication , or parts of speech , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Academic writing

• Writing process
• Transition words
• Passive voice
• Paraphrasing

 Communication

• How to end an email
• Ms, mrs, miss
• How to start an email
• I hope this email finds you well
• Hope you are doing well

 Parts of speech

• Personal pronouns
• Conjunctions

There are no set rules for how to structure a college application essay , but these are two common structures that work:

• A montage structure, a series of vignettes with a common theme.
• A narrative structure, a single story that shows your personal growth or how you overcame a challenge.

Avoid the five-paragraph essay structure that you learned in high school.

Your college essay’s format should be as simple as possible:

• Use a standard, readable font
• Use 1.5 or double spacing
• If attaching a file, save it as a PDF
• Stick to the word count
• Avoid unusual formatting and unnecessary decorative touches

You don’t need a title for your college admissions essay , but you can include one if you think it adds something important.

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The Right Approach to Writing Your College Essays

Recently, I’ve given several presentations to rising high school seniors on writing your college essays. Each time I do this, I always ask students what makes them most anxious about essays, and two answers invariably come up more than any others: (1) "I know essays are really important," and (2) "I don’t really know what colleges are looking for."

Let’s take those concerns one at a time. First, are your college essays really important? Short answer: absolutely. While not all universities require you to write an essay, virtually all selective colleges do (as do all colleges that utilize the Common Application). And I can tell you, from experience, that colleges requiring an essay see it as a critical piece of your application, one that can help distinguish your application from other strong applications in a competitive pool.

Your essay is unique because it’s the only place in your application where you have full control over what you tell us – and, thus, it’s the best place to share your unique voice and story with us. Everything else in your application comes to us through some sort of lens (grades assigned by teachers, test scores assessed by testing agencies, recommendations written by others, even extracurricular involvement constrained to traditional resume format). The essay, on the other hand, is all you: it’s a blank page that you can fill however you want, which also makes it the single best opportunity to tell us who you are. 

And this is, perhaps, why so many students are intimidated by the essay – which brings us to the second concern, namely not knowing what college admission officials are looking for. This concern is a bit broader, and there are several ways of addressing it, which I’ll try to do briefly.

First, and most straightforward, is a secret that’s hidden in plain sight: colleges usually tell you exactly what they’re looking for, right in the essay prompt. Take a look at the seven Common App prompts , for example, and you’ll notice immediately that they’re really open-ended – that is, you could write about virtually any topic – but they all push you toward introspection, self-analysis, and reflection. This suggests that Common App colleges don’t necessarily care what you write about, so long as you communicate something meaningful or thoughtful about yourself in doing so (and reflecting is more important than narrating). For colleges that have their own essay prompt or a supplemental Common App essay, it’s usually pretty clear what they’re seeking as well. If they ask a really out-of-the-box question, they’re probably looking for creative, out-of-the-box thinking. If they ask a straightforward question about your fit for their college, they probably want to get a sense of how you see yourself fitting in and contributing to their community. This isn’t rocket science or psychological trickery!

"But," you protest, "that’s obvious. Of course I need to answer the essay prompt. What are you really looking for in an essay? What style of writing is best? What stands out to you? What do you find unique?"

Those are all perfectly natural questions – and they are also the perfect recipe for a generic college essay, when you allow them to guide your writing. If you try to write what you think we want to read, I guarantee you it will come out sounding inauthentic and bland. If you approach your essays with the goal of writing the most memorable essay ever written, one of two things will happen – either your head will explode from the pressure, or you’ll come out with something that feels like it’s trying way too hard and isn’t actually that compelling. 

This is, I think, the biggest pitfall of college essay-writing. Don’t worry about what you think we might or might not want to read, and don’t worry about what your fellow applicants might or might not be writing. Instead, focus on finding your own unique, authentic voice. This isn’t as simple or trite as just “be yourself” – one of my least favorite pieces of essay-writing advice, because it implies that you can just do this naturally, automatically, without having to think about it. That’s not true; finding your voice takes work, and time, and focus, and lots of brainstorming, and introspection, and many, many drafts. Think about the perspectives you have, the things that matter to you and why they’re important; reflect on the experiences that have shaped you, and why they did so; consider what you’re hoping to gain in the next four years of your life, what you’re looking for in college; try freewriting or stream-of-consciousness typing to get your thoughts flowing; and do all of this before you start trying to answer a specific essay prompt. (Pro tip: this is a lot to try to do during the fall of your senior year, so invest some quality time this summer in figuring out and exploring your authentic voice.)

Again, don’t write what you think we want to read, and don’t try to be something you’re not or write in a way that isn’t natural to you, because that inauthenticity will be obvious to us. (Do you see the irony there? If you try to do what you think we want, you’re actually doing the opposite of what we want.) If you don’t comfortably use big words in your everyday language, don’t overuse them in your essay (and please, please don’t consult a thesaurus for every adjective and noun). If you’re not naturally funny, don’t try to be funny. If poetry isn’t your thing, don’t try to write a poem. In figuring out what to write and how to write about it, start with you and what makes sense to you, what works for you.

I’m frequently asked what sort of essays stand out to me, and what to avoid in them. The truth is, the best essays I read every year are the ones that come across as natural, authentic, and thoughtful – and there’s no one topic or way of writing that encompasses them all, since authenticity depends on the individual. So many of the essays I read are, frankly, trying too hard to impress or to get everything right or to stand out from the pack – and those are the essays that come across as generic and gimmicky and run-of-the-mill.

I recently heard an admission colleague from another university summarize all of this really well, and I’ll do my best to paraphrase what he said. You can approach the writing of your essay (and, indeed, the college process at large) as a series of checkboxes, a list of items to get right and hoops to jump through, in order to get to the end goal (namely, acceptance). Or you can approach the writing of your essay, and the college application process, as an opportunity to think really critically (and deeply) about who you are, what makes you tick, what matters to you, and what you want out of this next phase of your life. Essays written by students with the latter approach are, inevitably, far more compelling and interesting than essays written by students just trying to do the correct thing and check all the boxes. 

It’s my hope that you’ll take the second approach, not just to writing your essays, but to your college search and application process as a whole. You’ll come out the better for it – and it’ll probably make your essays more interesting, too.

Ultimate Guide to Writing Your College Essay

Tips for writing an effective college essay.

College admissions essays are an important part of your college application and gives you the chance to show colleges and universities your character and experiences. This guide will give you tips to write an effective college essay.

Want free help with your college essay?

UPchieve connects you with knowledgeable and friendly college advisors—online, 24/7, and completely free. Get 1:1 help brainstorming topics, outlining your essay, revising a draft, or editing grammar.

Writing a strong college admissions essay

Learn about the elements of a solid admissions essay.

Avoiding common admissions essay mistakes

Learn some of the most common mistakes made on college essays

Brainstorming tips for your college essay

Stuck on what to write your college essay about? Here are some exercises to help you get started.

How formal should the tone of your college essay be?

Learn how formal your college essay should be and get tips on how to bring out your natural voice.

Taking your college essay to the next level

Hear an admissions expert discuss the appropriate level of depth necessary in your college essay.

Student Stories

Student Story: Admissions essay about a formative experience

Get the perspective of a current college student on how he approached the admissions essay.

Student Story: Admissions essay about personal identity

Get the perspective of a current college student on how she approached the admissions essay.

Student Story: Admissions essay about community impact

Student story: admissions essay about a past mistake, how to write a college application essay, tips for writing an effective application essay, sample college essay 1 with feedback, sample college essay 2 with feedback.

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How to Write College Application Essays

Use the links below to jump directly to any section of this guide:

College Application Essay Fundamentals 

How to prepare to write your essay , how to approach different essay types, how to structure your essay , how to revise your essay, how to find essay writing help , resources for teaching students how to write a college essay, additional resources (further reading).

Of all the materials in a college application, the essay provides the greatest opportunity for you to set yourself apart. Unlike the transcript or resume, the essay is creative and expressive; in it, you can show the admissions counselors who you are and what you can do (that is, how well you can write!). A good application essay should have a memorable main idea, a cohesive structure, and a strong introduction and conclusion. Although essay topics can vary by college, the most common prompts deal with personal experiences and aspirations for the future. This guide   contains a diverse set of resources to help you orient yourself to the college application essay and, ultimately, to write the most competitive essay possible. 

The college application essay is a requirement for admission to almost all institutions of higher learning. Though in some ways it resembles essays you've written in class or on standardized tests, in other ways it's a unique writing exercises with its own particular requirements. Use the resources below to help you understand how the essay should be structured and what kind of content to include. 

"How Long Should College Application Essays Be?" (Learn.org)

This webpage guides you through some basic tips on writing the college essay—including essay length, sticking to the prompt, and maintaining an original tone. 

"College Application Essay" (College Board)

This webpage from the College Board discusses the different types of application essays, what length you should aim for, and most importantly, why colleges value this aspect of the application so much. 

"College Essays, College Applications" (College Board) 

The College Board's website is a great resource for any student looking to apply to college. This webpage contains several links to helpful resources, including sample essays and genuine student interviews. 

"Timeline for College Applications" (College Essay Guy)

This colorful, one-page guide from a college application specialist offers an illustrated timeline for high school students looking to apply for college. 

Before putting your ideas down on paper, it's important to conceptualize your essay, to craft strategically your tone and style, and,  crucially, to choose a topic that suits you and the school to which you're applying. The resources in this section include writing tips, lists of common mistakes you should avoid, and guides dedicated to the college application essay.

How to Plan Your Essay

"3 Common College Essay Mistakes to Avoid" (CNBC)  

This article from CNBC broadly outlines the most common mistakes students make when writing their college application essays. Although these mistakes may seem obvious, even the most experienced writers can fall into these common traps.

"7 Effective Application Tips" (Peterson's)

This article from Peterson's (a company providing academic materials for test prep, application help, and more) lists seven pieces of advice designed to make your writing pop. 

"The Secret to Show, Don't Tell" ( The Write Practice Blog)  

You've heard it before: show, don't tell. This is a great writing tip, but how do you pull it off? Here, the writing blog  The Write Practice  outlines how you can make your writing more descriptive and effective. 

"Passive Voice" (University of North Carolina)  

Avoiding passive construction is a subtle yet effective way to upgrade any piece of writing. Check out this webpage from a university writing center for some tips on recognizing and avoiding passive voice. 

"Using Appropriate Words in an Academic Essay" (National University of Singapore)

There are many ways to upgrade your vocabulary. Often, words can be replaced with more impressive substitutes, phrases can be shortened or lengthened depending on context, and transitions can be used for a smoother flow. The link above expands on these strategies and offers several others. 

How to Brainstorm Topic Ideas

"Bad College Essays: 10 Mistakes to Avoid" (PrepScholar)

This article from a well-known tutoring service and test prep program describes what to avoid when writing your essay. Essays that are too graphic, too personal, or too overconfident are all problematic, and this article explains why. 

"5 Tricks for Choosing Your College Essay Topic" (CollegeXpress)

Lost on how to choose a topic? This webpage from CollegeXpress outlines five sources of inspiration you can mine for ideas as you're getting started.

"The College Admission Essay: Finding a Topic" (The Choice Blog)

This article from New York Times  blog The Choice  breaks down three essential questions to ask yourself when choosing a topic for your college essay. 

"COLLEGE ESSAY GUIDE: Choosing a Prompt for the Common Application" (YouTube)

In this five-minute video, a Yale student discusses how to choose a college essay prompt and how to approach the essay writing process. His channel is filled with original videos on the college application process. 

"Where to Begin? 3 Personal Essay Brainstorming Exercises" ( CollegeVine Blog)

Approaching the Common App essay prompts can be difficult. This blog post explains several tactics you can use to narrow down your options, such as writing down a list of your greatest convictions.

"Using First Person in an Academic Essay: When Is It Okay?" (WritingCommons.org)

Most high school students are told to avoid using the first person point of view; this can be confusing when writing college essays, which typically ask what  you  think. This article breaks down when (and why) it's acceptable to write in the first person. 

Although all college essays serve the same purpose - articulating why you should get into a college - they come in different kinds. While topics on the Common Application are relatively consistent from year to year, personal statements and so-called "supplemental essays" vary by institution. Each of these essays requires a slightly different approach. The resources in this section will prepare you to answer the various types of essay prompts you're likely to encounter. 

Common Application Essays

CommonApp.org

The Common Application's official website is the best place to start getting acquainted with the service to which the majority of US colleges and universities now subscribe - a service which allows you to streamline your application process and minimize duplication of materials.

"What's App-enning" Blog (Common App)  

The Common App runs a blog with a wealth of information on common application-related news, including periodic updates on common application essay prompts for each application cycle. You can practice brainstorming with old prompts, or even start preparing your application by looking at this year's prompts.

125 College Essay Examples (PrepScholar Blog)

Here, PrepScholar provides a variety of Common App essays that got their respective applicants into their desired schools. Along with the body text of the essays, the website provides analysis on  what  makes the essays so great. 

A Few Essays That Worked (And a Few That Didn't) (NYTimes Blog)

This article analyzes unsuccessful essays, illuminating the ways in which they fell short. Although you should exercise caution and adjust your approach to your specific school, it's always good to pick up on general things to avoid. 

Personal Statements

What Is a Personal Statement? (PrepScholar Blog)

Although personal statements and Common App essays are similar, not all personal statement essays are administered through the Common App. This article from PrepScholar's blog will provide you with everything you need to know about writing a personal statement.

Examples of Successful Statements (Purdue OWL)

The Purdue OWL online writing lab collate links on this page to several successful personal statement. It can be useful to read successful statements and to consider how and why the statements made an impact on their readers. 

Past Threads on Advice for Writing Your College Essay (Reddit Post)

Although not about the personal statement  per se , this Reddit post has links to several past threads that may be of use to any prospective college applicant. 

What 10 Things Should Your Personal Statement Include? (Which University UK)  

This site outlines ten things to consider when writing a personal statement, including outlining what you will bring to the course, not what the course will bring to you. 

Supplemental Essays

How to Write Great Supplemental College Essays (IvyWise Newsletter)

Supplemental essays can often be challenging, asking a range of questions from the mundane to the oddly specific. This article from college application site IvyWise will break down example prompts to make them more approachable. 

Write Your Supplemental Essays (College Essay Guy)

Looking for a comprehensive guide to supplemental essays? Look no further than this page provided by the "College Essay Guy," who breaks down how to write supplemental essays that ask different kinds of questions. 

An Awesome Guide to the UChicago Supplement (Dyad)

Dyad, a college mentoring service, walks you through how to approach UChicago's supplemental essay question. Although the article is specific to UChicago, it contains general tips that are helpful to any college applicant. 

Reading My Yale Supplement Essay (YouTube)

Josh Beasley is back in this short YouTube video, where he reads the supplemental essay that got him into Yale and extrapolates advice for current and prospective applicants. 

A college application essay (like any academic essay) should have an introduction, a conclusion, and body paragraphs. Additionally, it should have overall coherence (that is, it should make a point) and cohesion (that is, it should flow well from paragraph to paragraph). We've collected the most relevant resources here to help you structure your college essay correctly and efficiently. 

How to Make Your Essay Stand Out 

College Essays That Stand Out From the Crowd (NYTimes)

This NYTimes article includes links to several recent essays that caught the eyes of the admissions readers by taking risks. You can even listen to an essay being read aloud by a current Princeton student.

50 Successful Ivy League Application Essays (Gen / Kelly Tanabe)  

If you have some time on your hands, this hefty PDF document contains 50 essays from successful Ivy League applicants. After reading these essays, consider what they have in common and how they might be a model for your own essay.

Make Your Application Essay Stand Out (CampusExplorer.com)

In this article from CampusExplorer, you'll find general tips on how to make your essay more appealing to the admissions readers. The writers include general writing tips as well as more targeted advice for the tone and audience of the application essay.

How to Write a College Application Essay that Stands Out (Boston University)

This short video from BU's own admissions department touches briefly on what impresses their admissions readers, including risk-taking, memorable stories, and honesty. 

Essay Structure (Monash University)

This chart from Monash University visually demonstrates how your content should be organized in order to keep your argument or story on track. 

How to Write an Introduction

How to Start a Personal Statement: The Killer Opening (Which University UK)  

Any good introduction both forecasts what your essay will be about and catches the reader's attention. This page will give you some helpful advice on starting your essay with a bang. 

How to Start a College Essay Perfectly (PrepScholar Blog)

This article from PrepScholar shows you how to "hook" your reader at the start of your application essay with colorful language, a vivid story, and an "insightful pivot" to your main point.

Let Me Introduce Myself (Stanford University)

This article from Stanford U's alumni page details the first-line openings of the essays for some current Stanford undergrads. 

Five Ways to NOT Start Your College Application Essays (PowerScore)

In this article, you'll learn five techniques to avoid, as they typically land a college application essay in the "reject" pile; these include beginning with dictionary definitions or famous quotations. 

How to Write a Conclusion 

Ending the Essay: Conclusions (Harvard University)

Harvard's writing center suggests bringing closure to your essay (that is, wrapping up your argument) while still expanding outward to broader applications or insights in your final paragraph.

Concluding Paragraph (Easybib)  

Although you may have used Easybib to make a bibliography before, did you know they have many resources on how to write a good essay? Check out this page for succinct advice on what your conclusion should entail. 

5 Ways to Powerfully End Your College Essay (College Greenlight)

This blog post instructs you to end with action (that is, a story or anecdote) rather than summary, giving you five ways to do this effectively, including addressing the college directly.

How to Write the Best Conclusion for a College Application Essay and Supplement (Koppelman Group)

The Koppelman Group, a college application consulting firm, warns you, above all, not to end "in conclusion" or "to conclude." They also provide targeted advice for the Common App and Supplement essays, respectively. 

No essay is perfect in its first-draft form; college application essays in particular are limited by word counts that can be difficult to meet. Once you've communicated your ideas, you'll want to edit your essay in order to make sure it's the best it can be. You'll also need to cut or add words to make sure it's within the specifications set by the institution. The resources in this section include tips and tricks for revising your college application essay. 

3 Ways to Increase Word Count (WikiHow)

Complete with illustrations, this WikiHow page outlines several ways you might go about substantively expanding your essay. These tips include clarifying points, reworking your introduction and conclusion, adding new viewpoints and examples, and connecting loose threads. 

Admissions 101: What an Essay Word Limit Really Means (Veritas Prep) 

In this blog post, Veritas Prep's college preparation tutors assure you that being a little over or under the limit is acceptable, recommending ways you can think about the word limit's purpose.

College Essay Word Limit - Going Under? (College Confidential) 

In this College Confidential discussion forum, students discuss the possible ramifications of writing under the word limit for a college essay. 

How to Increase Your Essay Word Count (WordCounter)

This article from WordCounter outlines different ways you might go about meeting word count, including addressing different viewpoints, adding examples, and clarifying statements. 

Hitting the Target Word Count in Your College Admissions Essay (Dummies.com)

This article details how to hit the target word count. Scroll down to the middle of the article for advice on where you should cut words from to meet word count. 

Some Tricks to Reduce Word Count (EastAsiaStudent.net)

This article recommends simplifying your style, deleting adverbs, deleting prepositions, and revisiting connectives and adjectives to reduce word count. 

Advice on Whittling Your Admissions Essay (NYTimes) 

In this New York Times article, Andrew Gelb discusses how to go about cutting down your admissions essay in order to meet the requisite word limit.

How to Shorten an Essay Without Ruining the Content (Quora) 

This Quora post from a concerned student yielded useful community responses on how to effectively shorten an essay without losing the original message. 

Feel like you've hit a wall revising your essay on your own? You're not alone, and there are plentiful resources on the web through which you can connect with fellow college applicants and/or professional tutors. The links in this section will take you to free services for improving your college application essay, as well as two of the top paid writing tutor services.

College Confidential Forums 

College Confidential is a free, public forum in which you can post your essay and receive feedback from current college students, current college applicants, and even teachers or other experienced users. 

/r/CollegeEssays (Reddit)

This subreddit is a great place to look for crowdsourced help on your essay, ask questions about college essays, or even find a private tutor. 

Essayforum.com

Essayforum.com provides another platform for students to share their application essays. Although this link takes you to the site's forum for applicants to undergraduate degree programs, you can submit and review essays in other categories as well.  Varsity Tutors

Varisty Tutors offers tutoring services from freelance tutors based on location. Prices and services vary, but their site is easy to use and there are many tutors available to choose from.

Princeton Review

Princeton Review, one of the largest providers of college preparation tutoring (ranging from standardized test preparation to essay help) offers online essay tutoring services with a free trial period. 

Using in-class time to prepare your students to write college application essays is, of course, rewarding, but can also be challenging. If you're a teacher looking to incorporate the college essay into your curriculum but you're not sure where to start, take a look at the useful resources below.

TeachersPayTeachers

College Essay Writing

This product includes material for more than one full lesson plan, including powerpoint presentations, assessments, and homework on the topic of college essays. 

Narrative Writing Ideas and Prompts

Appealing to students 9th grade and up, this product includes lesson plans, handouts, and homework for developing narrative writing for the college essay process. 

College Essay: Comprehensive 7-Session Workshop Series

This PDF includes entire courses, manuals, and handouts designed to teach students the ins and outs of the college essay process, either in an individual or group setting. 

College Essay Revision Forms & Rubrics

These PDFs provide students with visual organizers and rubrics to assess their own writing and learn how to become better college essay writers. 

Free Resources

Teaching the College Essay (Edutopia) 

Teaching your students about writing the college essay can be incredibly intimidating -- as a teacher, how should you approach the process? This article from Edutopia outlines how to go about introducing the college essay to your students. 

Essay Lesson Plan Ideas for College Applications (EssayHell)

If you're a teacher looking for a concrete lesson plan on college essays, this guide recommends using the first day to discuss the importance of the essay, the second day for brainstorming, and so on. Click on the link above to examine their full guide. 

Help Your Students Write a Killer College Essay (EdWeek Blog)

This blog post goes over various techniques designed to help your students choose an appropriate topic and write their essay with passion. 

The Biggest College Essay Mistakes & How to Fix Them (Talks With Teachers)

Looking to help your students avoid the minefield of mistakes in the college essay field? Check out this post from Talks With Teachers, a journal that shares "inspiring ideas for English teachers." 

Curious to read more about college application essays, or to see fun and unusual examples of what students have written? The articles, blog posts, and books in this section are a good place to start surveying the field.

One Over-the-Top Admissions Essay (Huffington Post)

This piece from the Huffington Post talks about a humorous response to a Stanford supplemental essay topic, the so-called "letter to my future roommate."

College & University - Statistics and Facts (Statista.com) 

In the process of writing your college essay, you may find yourself wondering who exactly goes to college, how many colleges there are in the United States, etc. This site gives the up-to-date statistics for various US demographics, both in aggregate and by university, as well as other information.

Who Made That College Application? (NYTimes)

This piece from the NYTimes outlines the history of the college essay from its origins in the 1800s, to the first "modern" college application, produced by Columbia University in 1919, to the present.  

How They Got Into Harvard (Staff of the Harvard Crimson)

This highly-rated collection of successful Harvard application essays, available on Amazon, is both an entertaining read and an instructive resource for anyone looking for exemplary essays to use as models. 

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How to structure and format your college admissions essay.

Senior Associate, JPMorgan Chase

One of the more important aspects of applying to college is your college essay . Sometimes, colleges will offer you a topic. Other times, you’ll be able to pick the topic yourself.

Whatever you end up writing about, correctly structuring your essay will make a huge difference to admissions officers. Beyond grammar and punctuation, a well-structured essay will be easy to read and best showcase your topic, writing talents, and unique point of view.

Here’s what you need to know about preparing and structuring your college essay to stand out from the crowd of applicants.

Structuring a college admissions essay

As a high school student getting ready to go to college , you’ve probably written your fair share of essays. The tips and tools you’ve learned from your high school teachers could end up being critical to your college essay’s success.

Just like with any essay you’ve turned in during high school, some basic formatting rules include:

• One-inch margins all around
• 1.5 or double-spaced text is preferred as it’s easier to read
• Single tab spacing for each new paragraph
• Use of standard fonts
• Fonts should be in 12-point type
• Include page numbers to make it more organized
• Use left alignment for the entire document

Some schools will provide formatting guidelines, and you should follow them closely. However, if they don’t have guidelines around formatting, following these basic rules will usually suffice.

A step-by-step guide to writing a college admissions essay

Understand the college admissions essay requirements.

Colleges generally have individual requirements for each essay you write. If you’re applying to several schools that require essays, you must pay attention to what these requirements are. Many colleges provide topics and require certain formatting. Some might ask for a specific word count. Others might require a more straightforward tone, while others are looking for more creativity. Reviewing the requirements for each essay will ensure you show off your talents and that you turn in something the college is looking for.

Identify your essay topic

Deciding what essay topic you’re going to go with is one of the more important decisions you’ll make during the college admissions process. If you have the option to come up with your own topic, you’ll want to make sure it fits the requirements and answers important questions about who you are and what your goals are for college. Sometimes, the college will provide a topic or topics for you, or you’ll use the Common App (the single application that can be used to apply to over 1,000 colleges and universities in the U.S.) essay prompts.

College essays are a way for schools to get to know you outside of your transcript and resume of accomplishments. Whatever topic you choose, it could be a good idea to highlight your strengths, share information about your path to college, and include information about your future goals.

Admissions officers sometimes look for students who work hard and have overcome obstacles with grace. If you can highlight an anecdote that shows this off, you might put yourself in a good position.

Outline your essay

Outlining your essay will help create a flow with a beginning, middle, and end. It’ll also ensure that you stay on topic, and make it much easier to sit down and write the full version. Each paragraph should have an individual point that supports your overall thesis or prompt.

Consider your outline as a guideline for your final product. It’ll keep you on track and help you finish the essay faster, too. 

Formatting guidelines for your essay

Many of the formatting requirements for your college admissions essays will likely be supplied by the colleges you’re applying to. As you go through the applications, follow the instructions and guidelines they provide carefully. In many cases, colleges will outline the required word count, header requirements, fonts, and even margins.

If a college or university doesn’t provide some of these guidelines, that’s okay! Use the generic formatting guidelines above to compose your essay.

Once your essay is complete, it’s a good idea to have a friend, relative, or teacher review it. They can provide valuable feedback to help you put your best foot forward.

Final thoughts

While the college essay process might seem overwhelming, by following these simple guidelines, you’ll likely be in a better position to have a winning essay that puts your experience and hard work in the spotlight.

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My World-Ending Guide to the College Essay

Psst , I'm back and writing new admissions content as u/McNeilAdmissions .

Hi everybody! Coming to you live with a massive post I wrote about the college essay, how to make yours special, and some stuff about language (how to avoid clichés, etc) to consider as you begin your own writing process. This one's a doozy - the most resource-saturated post I've written. Hopefully you enjoy. For reference, THIS GUIDE IS WRITTEN FOR THE VERY BEGINNER, but hopefully has utility for everyone.

In addition to what follows, I'm sharing three other things with you today. The first is the blog post from which a lot of this text comes. The second is another post that contains three stellar college essays.

Alright, here we GOOOOOO .

Introduction: So, It's Time to Write a College Essay 

Hello, you - whoever you are. It's probable that you're coming to this post as a rising senior, just beginning to eyeball colleges and gnawing at your fingernails. Or, perhaps, you're a senior who, in a desperate bid to make up for months of procrastination, has turned to this guide looking for guidance in crafting your essay. (Obviously this only applies to those of you currently in the first category but who will find yourself in the second in a matter of months.)

No matter who you are, you're in luck - because contained in this huge thing are as many secrets about the college essay as I could fit in a post. In this post I cover topics from the basic (What is the Common App?) to the microscopic (What topics are on and off the table? How do I avoid clichés?) and everything in between. 

So come one, come all, to this big ol' post on the college essay. It is my sincerest hope that you come with questions and leave with answers. (But if for any reason this gigantic guide failed to address your particular question, please send me a note. I'd be happy to answer you personally!)

SO, without further ado...

Part One: The Very Basics - What is a College Essay? 

For the uninitiated, the college essay is an essential component of most (but not all) college applications. Generally, college essays fall into one of three categories - (1) the common application general essay, (2) the supplemental essay, and (3) various scholarship essays. (More on these different types in a moment.) 

No matter which type you're writing, though, college application essays tend to place you, the writer, in the spotlight. They're designed to help admissions committees gain an insight into what makes you tick. Thus, college essay prompts are often (if not always) of a directly personal nature. They're written in a way so as to challenge the writer to dig deeply and to share personal information about such topics as one's family background, passions, intellectual predilections, or extracurricular occupations. In sum, the college essay is designed to triangulate who you are for an admissions committee. 

In very short, then, a good college essay is one in which the writer goes deep , exposing him- or herself on the page, while a bad essay is one that stays on the surface and never moves beyond (or, rather, beneath) the level of the superficial. If that all sounds abstract, don't worry - we'll go into detail on what this all means soon. For now, though, let's talk about the two primary types of college essay.

I refer, of course, to the common app essay and to the dreaded supplemental essay. 

1. What is The Common Application Essay?

To answer this question, you first need to know what the Common Application (App) is. The Common App is a non-profit organization that provides the infrastructure beneath the process of applying to colleges in the United States. Practically speaking, the Common App is a giant portal that you, the applicant, will use to upload your essays, input your personal information, and select the schools to which you want to submit.

Helpfully, the Common App aggregates most if not all of the information you need in order to make a successful application to a given school. The Common App is the place to go to figure out what prompts you'll need to respond to in order to satisfy the essay submissions requirements for a given school, and they're also in charge of determining which "common app essay" prompts students will be answering in a given year. 

Now, let's get back to the question at hand. 

The Common App Essay is a general essay that almost every school requires prospective students to submit. While some schools ask for additional supplementary essays (I won't get ahead of myself yet), the Common App Essay is required by almost every school. Completing the Common App Essay is the minimum you will need to be a viable applicant .

The Common App Essay Is...

An essay of no more than 650 and no fewer than 250 words in length

Written in response to one of seven prompts, which I'll list below

The main piece of writing that a given school will examine when determine whether you're a good fit 

As I mentioned above, the essay is designed to help applicants share their personality with admissions panels. Here are the prompts for the current application cycle. These prompts, released in 2017, have remained unchanged since and, collectively, offer a wide variety of footholds for an applicant to tell his or her story. There's somethin' in here for everyone.  

Common App Prompts for 2018

"Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story."

"The lessons we take from obstacles we encounter can be fundamental to later success. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setback, or failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience?"

"Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome?"

"Describe a problem you've solved or a problem you'd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma - anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution."

"Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others."

"Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more?"

"Share an essay on any topic of your choice. It can be one you've already written, one that responds to a different prompt, or one of your own design."

As you can see, these seven prompts are designed to provide a near-infinite number of possible responses. And if the first six don't do it for you, there's always prompt number 7, which is explicitly designed for anyone else.  

So, in sum, the Common App Essay is a universally required essay of between 250 and 650 words that, drawn from seven possible prompts, is the primary way that a university gauges your writing. The Common App Essay is designed to help highlight a student's individuality, and is an opportunity to "go deep" and share oneself with the admissions panel. 

Now, on to the supplementary essay. 

2. What is a Supplemental College Essay?

Unlike the Common App Essay, which is near-universally required by colleges, supplemental essays are provided on a case-by-case basis by the colleges themselves. Their parameters vary widely. Some are on the shorter side, clocking in at 100 words or fewer, while some rival the length of the Common App Essay at 500 words or more. The supplementary essay is generally intended as an opportunity for students to show why a specific school is the one for them. 

While the Common App Essay is designed by the Common App organization, supplemental essays are written by colleges and universities, so their prompts (and the kinds of responses they solicit) align more explicitly with the recruitment goals and priorities of a college. That is, the supplementary essay is a college's tool for screening applicants, sometimes (but not always) by providing challenging or confusing prompts. 

For example, the below prompt is real, and really challenging. It's both an opportunity to be creative and is potentially impossible to answer.

Supplemental Essay Prompt Example #1: The University of Chicago: Prompt : " You’re on a voyage in the thirteenth century, sailing across the tempestuous seas. What if, suddenly, you fell off the edge of the Earth?"

Some prompts, however, are far less adventurous than this, and ask you something simple such as, "Why x school?" These essays are designed to give students an opportunity to talk about the specific features of a school or program that makes them want to attend. Whereas the Common App Essay is general - universal to all schools to which one applies - the supplementary essays are much more particularized. That being the case, supplementary essays award creativity and specificity in a way that the Common App Essay generally does not. (Not to say you can't be creative on your Common App.)

Above all else, the supplementary essay is critical for letting your favorite schools know why you'd like to attend them. Even in the most creative approach to the supplementary essay, it's good advice to keep one eye on the prize: that is, of giving a clear reason why you belong at X school - regardless of whether that school is the University of Oregon or Johns Hopkins. 

Now that we've clarified the two main types of essay, it's time to move onto a closer consideration of the actual essay topics themselves, and the possible responses we might imagine to some of them. 

3. Possible Topics for the College Essay

Ok, so: we now know the difference between the Common App Essay and the supplemental essay. We also know the range of possibilities for the Common App Essay prompts. But what are some possible ways to successfully respond to the those prompts?

Right up front, it's important to understand the breakdown of which prompts students choose to answer the most frequently. Why? Because, by understanding which prompts are more or less frequently chosen, you can get a sense of where you fit in the cavalcade of applications that admissions committees see every year. So, here's a breakdown of the three most common Common App prompts.

The Three Most Common Prompts on the Common App - SOURCE: COMMON APP

According to the Common App, the most popular prompt in the 2017-2018 cycle was number (5), "Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others." A whopping 23.6%  of students chose to answer this prompt.

Second-most popular was prompt (7), a topic of personal choice, with 22.5% of students choosing to answer. 

The third most popular was prompt (1), "Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story." 21.4% of students chose to answer this prompt. 

That means that, although there are seven (7) prompts to choose from, the majority of students (~70%) choose from among only three . One could draw several conclusions from this - that these prompts are the most compelling,; or else, that students find the other prompts more challenging, and thus avoid them because they're afraid of failing to answer the prompt in a satisfactory manner. Some students may see this as an opportunity to choose the less commonly answered prompt, and thus to stand out in the eyes of an admissions committee. 

Let's examine the question of essay topics more closely, and look at several topics and approaches to the college essay that are compelling. We'll also look at several others that, from our perspective, you should avoid. 

4. Good College Essay Topics

The only truly essential starting point for your common app essay is that it be about something important to you. It doesn’t need to be about curing cancer, immigrating from Venus to the US or winning three varsity championships in a single morning. It just has to be something significant to you.

Consider this quote from Christopher Burkmar, Princeton University’s Associate Dean of Admissions:

“Consider a mundane topic. Sometimes it’s the simple things in life that make the best essays. Some of my favorites have included essays that reflect on the daily subway ride to school, or what the family goldfish observed from the fishbowl perched on the family kitchen table. It doesn’t have to be a life-changing event to be interesting and informative.”

A good college essay can potentially be about anything. Often times, however, the impulse is to write it about everything: to write an essay about one's philosophy about life, say, or about something equally grandiose. In fact, the better essay strategy may be to start small, by examining the little details in life that nevertheless contain deep meaning. 

To come up with good topics for your college essay, you'll probably need to do some brainstorming. Keep in mind that the best essays don't spring out of the ground spontaneously, but are the process of a long, typically rigorous process of brainstorming, drafting, and redrafting.  But how does one start brainstorming a topic? 

5. Brainstorming for the College Essay

A good brainstorming session can be the difference between creating a strong and unique essay or a mediocre and predictable one. Remember, a unique topic does not  have to be out-of-this-world zany, but simply something that has personal resonance to you. 

To hone in on those topics, break up your brainstorming into rounds.

In round 1 , your goal should be identify the important experiences, people, or periods of time in your life. For specific brainstorming exercises to help you do this, read our blog on brainstorming exercises for the college essay. But for this phase, simply look around and ask yourself, Who or what is most important to me? 

In round 2, it's time to take your initial list and delve into the sensory and concrete details that surround the characters, times, and experiences that formed your initial list. If you're writing a college essay about your mother, the second phase of your college essay brainstorming should include a list of feelings (love, admiration, respect), settings (her office, the kitchen), etcetera. These will help give you a basic sense of the emotional texture of your essay. 

Finally, in round 3 , it's time to draft. Your objective here is to put the pieces you gathered during rounds 1 & 2 together in a writing process. Start to assemble the pieces of your essay into a narrative that moves beyond the realm of the brainstorm and into the territory of an essay. This can seem a bit abstract or difficult at first. In the next section, we provide an example of a stellar essay, and show you how this process of brainstorming led to its creation. 

College Essay Ideas that Worked - Brainstorming in Action

Below, we've included a copy of a college essay that really worked. Read it and try to pick up on the essential themes covered in the essay. Look for what the essay does well, and for where it fails (although, we admit, this essay was pretty great). The section that follows will be dedicated to examining how brainstorming made this essay possible. 

Theme: IdentityPrompt: "Indicate a person who has had a significant influence on you, and describe that influence."

Her dark brow is often furrowed; the freckles on her tanned nose crinkled as they too scrunch in concentration; the long, spidery lashes of her bright eyes are flickering constantly as she focuses. This is the way my mother calculates, the way she thinks, analyzes, and decides. This is the look I have been raised under, the look to which I can attribute every quirk in my being. It is the look that defines my mother, and the look that has created me. This look—those narrowed eyes, the pursed lips, the sharp tongue—has taught me courage, taught me independence, taught me strength, and sacrifice. They have showed me vulnerability—a flaw in the façade—and isolation. Those features, the way the muscles contract and flex, have instilled in me everything that my mother is and have taught me everything I can be. My mother’s eyebrows taught me independence and determination, a mark left over from her adolescence. Although omitted from my knowledge of her until midway through my seventeenth year, my mother grew up surrounded by temptation and destruction. Alcohol, marijuana, heroin. Tested and abused by her mother, father, sister, and brothers. Jail and violence. Damage and disrepair. My mother was forced to be her own person before she was eighteen; she was forced to be her family’s person, their protector. No matter how she’s suppressed the haunting memories, the twinge in her brow remains the souvenir. It tells me, she tells me, that I don’t need to rely on anyone but myself. She teaches me the importance of taking care of others, but never forgetting to take care of yourself. She taught me courage. It’s not easy to take the first step without a supporting hand. But it is possible. I learned strength from her mouth: her tight lips and the slight smirk. It was the mouth that held in the tears, held back the bitter words, and held up her chin. It was the mouth that kissed me as a child and smiled at my curiosity, despite the divorce, despite the cheating, and the lies. She raised me on her own. She was strong and stubborn. To this day, I don’t understand how she managed to care for infant, maintain a career, pay bills, and never miss Sunday night’s dinner. But the strength that she possessed, that she still possesses despite the heartbreak, the abandonment, and the responsibility. Strength in the face of challenge, strength when there’s nothing to support you—is invaluable. Independence is convenient, and strength endures, but sacrifice is the most powerful of all. And that’s what I see every time I look into my mother’s eyes. The moment she laid eyes on me, the moment she knew she was going to do it alone, she gave me her life. I was the first priority, always. She ensured my safety, she ensured my happiness, my growth, my knowledge, everything. I can never repay her, nor begin to thank for every opportunity she gave me. But I’ll never forget it because I can see it every time she looks at me. The pride or the love or perhaps the occasional eye-rolling. What can have I learned from my mother? How to be myself and how to be better than I am. And I’m always learning, always discovering something new about my mother. And all I have to do is look at her. It’s written there in her features. All I have to do is look.

College Essay Analysis: All I have to do is look

This is a great essay for a number of reasons.  The writing is par excellence, and the topic is clearly important and personal. This college essay provides a perfect example of what we mean when we say that an essay doesn't need to be about the time you went to Venus, but can (and should) be about something more ordinary and yet more meaningful. Here, that topic is the writer's mother. 

But how did brainstorming lead to this essay? Take a look. 

In Round 1, we can see the initial ideas coming together: Her mother's gaze, her mother's impact on her developing and strengths, and her deep respect for a distinguished individual. These elements form the fundamental idea , if not the actual contents, of the essay. 

In Round 2, these ideas are deepened through a process of association-building. Specific features attached to sensory details are brought in to deepen the characters in the essay. Finally, a supplementary group of experiences, all mediated through the relationship to the central character, the mother, are introduced.  

In Round 3 of the brainstorming process, the author introduces concrete details to bring the character and the essay to life. The tone also begins to take shape. 

While much of the brilliance of the example essay comes in the particular writing ability of the author, the fundamental components have everything to do with a structured and replicable process of brainstorming. 

All this goes to show that you CAN brainstorm your way into a remarkable college essay. It's just a matter of being deliberate, taking your time, and working carefully to establish the details, characters, and tone that ultimately breathe life into the essay. 

6. College Essay Topics to Avoid

Although almost any topic can potentially be the basis of a great college essay, there are some we recommend against, for two primary reasons. 

The essay topic is dangerous because it runs the risk of offending a reader

The topic is overplayed, clichéd, or boring for other reasons. 

In this section, we list eight types of essay that, for one reason or the other, we advise you to avoid in the process of drafting your college essay. 

The first variety, the most heinous, is what we've termed "Red Flag Topics." These are essay topics we advise against at all costs, as they have a high chance of either boring or simply alienating admissions committees. Stories that fit into the "Red Flag Topic" section are often so played out that you run the risk of being written off immediately. Here are the three types of essays that we advise againt. 

Red Flag College Essay Topics

Community Service Trips : Applicants tend to draft elaborate essays about short-lived service experiences. These essays may seem condescending or superficial. And besides, who hasn't taken a service trip? We're sure you can think of something else that speaks more eloquently to who you are.

The Admissions Process:  You won’t win points with admissions by writing about the drudgery of application itself. Your essay is an opportunity to reflect. Believe it or not, you might actually enjoy the process.

Unnecessary Quirkiness : Don’t have the reader hold your essay up to a mirror or read in a spiral. Focus on content, not gimmicks.

Sports : The advice from admissions officers is simple: don’t write about sports. They’re tired of it. Alternative topics will show additional dimensions of who you are. Leave sports discussion to your short-answer responses or to your list of extracurriculars. 

There, that was easy, wasn't it? Tempting as those topics may be, do your best to ignore them. Remember, the best essays are written about a seemingly innocuous yet transcendent feature of your life - something that occasions true, deep reflection. That's why service trips aren't a good topic for the college essay: at most, they take place over a week or two, and they rarely get at an experience truly essential to you and your caracter development. 

Yellow Flag Essay Topics

Before we proceed to the next section, let's go over a few yellow-flag topics. These are ones that you might want to consider avoiding, but which are not categorically bad. 

These include, in no particular order... 

Childhood Anecdotes

Political Essays or Topics

Travel Stories 

The "Influential Grandparent" Essay

While these topic are not necessarily off-limits, one should be aware that many admissions officers advise writers to steer away. This for a variety of reasons: some topics, like essays about grandparents, travel, or childhood anecdote, are frequently occurring and tend to sound very similar across hundreds and thousands of samples. Others, like essays about political beliefs, run the risk of alienating the writer from the reader. Of course, that doesn’t mean these essay topics can’t be executed successfully. One should simply be judicious in choosing whether and how to approach these topics

7. College Essay Clichés

In addition to selecting the best prompt for your essay, it's important to rid your writing of these classic college essay clichés. These pesky phrases, openings, and tendencies are repeated over and over by unknowing students from across the country. These clichés are some of the biggest turn-offs on a college essay, according to college admissions experts. If you identify a cliché in your essay, it just takes some effort and creative thinking to re-design your ideas.

Clichéd Essay Openings

THE DICTIONARY OPENING : "Webster's Dictionary defines ‘determination’ as..."

THE FAMOUS PERSON QUOTE : "Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall." ~Confucius

THE VAGUE GOAL : "I've always known, from the time I was old enough to play Operation, that I wanted to be a doctor."

GOING META : “Was your childhood home destroyed by a landspout tornado? Yeah, neither was mine. I know that intro might have given the impression that this college essay will be about withstanding disasters, but the truth is that it isn't about that at all.”

JUST PLAIN UNCREATIVE : “Ever since I was young..” “I still remember the day that...”

Other College Essay Clichés

BROAD CONCLUSIONS:  “So, in the end, it’s clear that we should settle our differences with our opponents and listen with open hearts.”

“REVELATION” MOMENTS:  “I realized in that moment that just as the shabbiest objects can become the most exquisite paintings, true insight can come from the most unexpected of places.”

Avoid all these clichés and you should be off to a good start. Of course, this list isn't exhaustive; to look for your own cliches, just read your essay with an eye for banalities, common phrases, and ideas that seem superficial or common-hand. A good rule of thumb is that "If you've heard it before, take a second look." 

(For more advice about how to avoid cliché in your college essays, take a look here .)

As you begin to write your college essay, whether you're starting off brainstorming or you already have a draft in the works, remember: a good college essay is vulnerable and comes from the heart. That advice can be a dime-a-dozen - what does it really mean to write an essay that "comes from the heart" and is "vulnerable"? 

In this post, I hope that I've provided some answers to that question. To me, the best college essays are those which begin from a place close to the applicant's daily life, and which illuminate something special yet simple. 

Remember, you don't need to come across as a superstar, a profound mind, or a saint in order to impress an admissions committee. All you need to do is be honest - both with them and with yourself - in the portrait you construct of your life. Sometimes, clichés are clichés for a reason: because they're true. The cliché "everyone has a story to tell" just happens to be one of these. 

I hope this extremely long (yet inevitably inexhaustive) guide was useful. A lot of this information is drawn from the free guide I linked above. If you have any questions for me about this stuff, feel free to let me know!

In the near future I'm planning posts on school selection, how to gauge fit, and other topics related to the college essay.

In the meantime, though, happy writing! :D

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30 Must-Know College Admission Terms Explained

By Eric Eng

Here’s your guide to 30 must-know college admission terms, breaking down everything from “FAFSA” and “Early Decision” to “Net Price” and “Liberal Arts.” These terms span the entire college admission journey, making this guide perfect for you, whether you’re diving into your first college application, a parent aiming to back your kid’s educational ambitions, or just someone curious about higher education.

You’re in the right place if you’re gearing up for the college application marathon or if you’re a parent wanting to give your child a leg up.

This must-know college admission terms guide explores the college admission process, making sure you’re equipped with the knowledge to explore it with confidence.

1. Coalition App

• Description : A college application platform used by over 150 colleges to simplify the application process.
• Settings : College fairs, high school guidance counselor meetings, college prep workshops.
• Usage : “I’m using the Coalition App to apply to several schools because it allows me to store all my materials in one place.”

Established in 2015, the Coalition App is integral to the must-know college admission terms, especially for students aiming to streamline their application process to multiple colleges. It’s a collaborative platform partnered with over 150 colleges and universities across the United States, tailored primarily to assist students from historically underrepresented backgrounds.

One of the Coalition App’s distinctive features is its commitment to partnering only with institutions that offer substantial financial aid packages or have lower tuition fees, ensuring it aligns with its mission of making higher education more accessible.

Another innovative feature of the Coalition App is its “Locker” tool, which allows students to digitally store important documents, essays, videos, and other project materials that may be relevant to their college applications. This feature not only facilitates organization but also helps preserve key pieces of work that can be effectively utilized in applications.

2. College Application Essay

• Description : An essay required by colleges, often personal in nature, submitted as part of the application process.
• Settings : English class, college application discussions, essay-writing workshops.
• Usage : “I’m working on my college application essay this weekend; it’s about my journey learning to play the piano.”

The College Application Essay, a pivotal component in the roster of must-know college admission terms, serves as a crucial element in the college application process, offering a unique opportunity for students to convey their individuality and aspirations.

Essential for almost every college application, this essay is more than just a writing sample; it’s a window into the applicant’s personality, experiences, and potential contributions to the college community.

The essence of the college application essay lies in its ability to provide admissions committees with insights into the applicant’s character, thought processes, and priorities, which grades and test scores alone cannot fully capture.

3. College Credit

• Description : Credits earned for completing college-level courses necessary for graduation.
• Settings : Academic advising, college planning sessions, AP course discussions.
• Usage : “I earned 15 college credits through my AP classes, which will help me graduate earlier.”

College Credit is a fundamental element among the must-know college admission terms, playing a pivotal role in the higher education system. College credits are the building blocks of a college degree, representing the value assigned to each college course.

When a student successfully completes a course, they earn a specified number of credits, accumulating towards the total required graduation with a degree. College credit is central to understanding higher education’s academic framework and progression.

The significance of college credits extends beyond simply counting toward a degree. They measure the student’s academic workload and achievements, and their accumulation is critical for advancing through different stages of a college program.

4. College Financial Aid Offer

• Description : A package detailing the financial assistance available to a student admitted to a college.
• Settings : Financial aid office, family financial planning, college acceptance discussions.
• Usage : “I received my college financial aid offer, including grants and work-study options.”

Understanding a College Financial Aid Offer is a critical aspect of the must-know college admission terms, playing a pivotal role in how students and families plan for higher education. After a student is accepted to a college, they typically receive a financial aid offer, also known as an award letter. This document details the types and amounts of financial aid the student can receive, including grants, scholarships, work-study opportunities, and student loans.

The financial aid offer is based on the information provided in the student’s Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) and, in some cases, the CSS Profile. It reflects the institution’s assessment of the student’s financial need and their eligibility for various forms of aid.

5. Common Application (Common App)

• Description : A standardized form accepted by over 900 colleges for application purposes.
• Settings : College counseling sessions, application strategy meetings, college prep courses.
• Usage : “I prefer the Common App since it simplifies applying to multiple colleges.”

The Common Application, often called the Common App, is a central term in the lexicon of must-know college admission terms, revolutionizing how students apply to college. As a standardized, single-application platform, the Common App simplifies the college application process by allowing students to apply to multiple colleges and universities with one set of materials. This system is particularly beneficial in reducing the repetitive nature of college applications, as students no longer need to complete separate applications for each institution.

With over 900 member colleges and universities, the Common App extends its reach across various institutions, including private and public schools , liberal arts colleges, and large research universities in the United States and abroad.

This widespread adoption underscores its significance in the college admissions landscape. The platform includes the basic application and typically requires a main essay, known as the personal statement, and sometimes additional supplemental essays specific to each college.

6. CSS Profile

• Description : A form for applying to non-federal financial aid detailing a student’s financial situation.
• Settings : Financial aid seminars, discussions with college financial aid counselors, scholarship workshops.
• Usage : “Along with the FAFSA, I must complete the CSS Profile for additional financial aid opportunities.”

The CSS Profile, an abbreviation for the College Scholarship Service Profile, is a crucial component among must-know college admission terms, especially for students seeking financial aid beyond federal funds.

This detailed application, administered by the College Board, is utilized by numerous colleges and universities to award non-federal financial aid, including institutional scholarships, grants, and loans.

Unlike the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid), which assesses eligibility for federal aid, the CSS Profile provides a more comprehensive analysis of a family’s financial situation, considering a broader array of financial factors and circumstances.

7. Deferred Admission

• Description : A college or university hasn’t finished reviewing the applicant’s admission and will decide on admission status later.
• Settings : College admissions offices and discussions with academic advisors.
• Usage : “My application has been deferred. What should I do next?”

When a college or university postpones its decision on whether or not to accept your application, it is called a deferred college admission. This means that your application will be moved from the early decision or early action consideration to the regular decision timeline. In other words, you will have to wait a little longer to find out if you have been accepted or not.

Admissions officers often don’t deny students with strong applications immediately. Instead, they defer those applications to the regular decision round. This allows colleges to take another look at the applicant in the context of the regular applicant pool and determine if they would be a good fit.

Typically, the early applicant pool is more competitive due to the high number of strong applicants who apply early.

8. Demonstrated Interest

• Description : Actions by applicants showing sincere interest in attending a specific college.
• Settings : College admissions discussions, campus tours, college application strategy sessions.
• Usage : “Visiting the campus and attending the info session are good ways to show demonstrated interest.”

Demonstrated Interest is a term that occupies a significant place among the must-know college admission terms. It refers to how prospective students show colleges their genuine interest in attending their institution.

This concept has become an increasingly important factor in the admissions process for many colleges and universities. Demonstrated Interest can take various forms, such as visiting the campus, attending college fairs, communicating with admissions officers, participating in alumni or current student interviews, and promptly responding to college correspondence.

In the contemporary admissions landscape, where colleges seek to improve their yield rates (the percentage of admitted students who choose to enroll), Demonstrated Interest can play a crucial role. It serves as a gauge for colleges to assess which applicants are more likely to accept an offer of admission if extended. Some institutions track these interactions and consider them in their admissions decisions, while others may place less emphasis on this factor.

9. Early Action (EA)

• Description : A non-binding early college application option with earlier decision notification.
• Settings : College application planning, discussions with high school counselors, family planning sessions.
• Usage : “I applied to three schools through Early Action to get decisions sooner, but it’s not binding.”

Early Action (EA), a pivotal term among the must-know college admission terms, offers a distinctive approach to the college application process. This option allows students to submit their applications to colleges earlier than the regular deadline, typically in November, with the benefit of receiving admission decisions sooner, usually by January. The primary appeal of Early Action lies in its non-binding nature, granting students the flexibility to apply to multiple colleges early without the obligation to commit to any particular one upon acceptance.

The Early Action route is particularly advantageous for students who prefer certain colleges but wish to keep their options open. It eases the stress of the admissions process by providing results earlier, allowing more time for students to make informed decisions about their college choices. Additionally, applying through EA can demonstrate a student’s keen interest in a college, which admissions committees can favorably regard.

10. Early Decision (ED)

• Description : A binding early application option where the student commits to enroll if accepted.
• Settings : College planning meetings, discussions with guidance counselors, and family decision-making sessions.
• Usage : “I applied Early Decision to my top-choice school and agreed to enroll if accepted.”

Early Decision (ED), a critical term in the must-know college admission terms, is a significant feature of the college application process. This admission plan allows students to apply to their first-choice college earlier than the regular application deadlines, usually in November, with decisions typically announced by December.

The defining characteristic of Early Decision is its binding nature; students who apply for ED agree to attend the college if accepted and offered an acceptable financial aid package. This commitment means that if admitted, the student must withdraw all other college applications.

The ED option is particularly suited for students who have a clear top-choice college and are confident that the institution is the right fit both academically and financially. Applying ED can demonstrate a student’s commitment and interest in the college, giving them an edge in the admissions process. However, due to its binding nature, students must be absolutely certain about their choice, as there is a moral and often contractual obligation to attend if accepted.

11. Estimated Family Contribution (EFC)

• Description : An estimate of how much a family is expected to contribute towards college costs.
• Settings : Financial aid discussions, college planning sessions, FAFSA completion meetings.
• Usage : “My Estimated Family Contribution is a key factor in determining my eligibility for financial aid.”

Estimated Family Contribution (EFC) is a term that stands out in the array of must-know college admission terms, particularly in the context of financial planning for higher education. The EFC is a critical figure colleges and universities use to determine a student’s eligibility for need-based financial aid. It is calculated based on the financial information the student and their family provides through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

The EFC considers various factors such as family income, assets, benefits, and the number of family members attending college. It is designed to estimate how much a family can reasonably be expected to contribute to the student’s education for one academic year. The lower the EFC, the more financial need a student is considered to have, which can influence the amount and type of financial aid offered.

12. FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid)

• Description : A form used to apply for federal financial aid for college.
• Settings : Financial aid workshops, senior year college prep, parent-student financial planning meetings.
• Usage : “Filling out the FAFSA is crucial for assessing my eligibility for federal student aid.”

The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is an essential term in the compendium of must-know college admission terms, particularly for its critical role in unlocking student financial aid opportunities.

As the primary gateway for students seeking federal financial assistance for higher education, the FAFSA is a standardized form used nationwide by colleges and universities to determine eligibility for federal aid, including grants, loans, and work-study programs.

Completing the FAFSA is often the first step for students and families in the financial aid process, requiring detailed information about family finances, including income, assets, and household size. The information provided through the FAFSA calculates the Estimated Family Contribution (EFC), which colleges then use to determine the amount and type of aid a student can receive. This can include need-based aid like the Pell Grant or various federal loans and work-study opportunities.

13. Financial Aid

• Description : Assistance to help cover college costs, including grants, loans, and scholarships.
• Settings : College financial planning, admissions office discussions, parent-student meetings.
• Usage : “I’m researching different types of financial aid to understand how I can fund my college education.”

Financial Aid is central to the must-know college admission terms, crucial for students and families in managing the costs associated with higher education. It encompasses various forms of funding to help students pay for college expenses, including tuition, room, board, textbooks, and other educational costs.

The primary types of financial aid are grants, scholarships, work-study programs, and student loans. Grants and scholarships are particularly sought after as they do not require repayment. Grants are typically need-based, while scholarships are often merit-based, awarded for academic or extracurricular achievements, talents, or specific criteria the scholarship provider sets.

Work-study programs offer students the opportunity to work part-time, usually in roles related to their field of study or community service, to earn money that helps cover their education costs.

14. First-Generation College Student

• Description : A student who is the first in their family to attend college.
• Settings : College admissions interviews, scholarship applications, diversity and inclusion events.
• Usage : “As a first-generation college student, I’m navigating the admissions process with limited family guidance.”

“First-Generation College Student” is a key concept in the must-know college admission terms lexicon, representing a significant demographic in higher education. A first-generation college student is typically a student whose parents or guardians still need to complete a four-year college degree. This distinction is important because first-generation students often face unique challenges and barriers in the college admissions process and throughout their college experience.

First-generation college students may need more familial insight or guidance about the intricacies of college life, from the application process to navigating financial aid, academic expectations, and campus life.

Recognizing these challenges, many colleges and universities have implemented support programs , resources, and services designed to assist first-generation students in their academic and personal development.

15. Gap Year

• Description: A break between high school and college, usually for a year.
• Settings: Post-high school planning, discussions with guidance counselors, family decision-making.
• Usage: “I plan to take a gap year to volunteer abroad before starting college.”

The concept of a Gap Year is important in collecting must-know college admission terms, offering a distinct path in the journey of higher education. Traditionally, a gap year refers to a year-long break before starting college or between undergraduate years. This period is often used for enriching experiences, such as travel, volunteer work, internships, or personal development activities.

Opting for a gap year can offer students a valuable opportunity for growth and exploration outside the academic setting. It allows them to gain real-world experiences, develop new skills, and perhaps most importantly, gain a clearer sense of their goals and interests before diving into their college education. This can lead to a more focused and purposeful college experience when they do enroll.

16. General Education Requirements

• Description : A set of core courses required by colleges to ensure a well-rounded education.
• Settings : Academic advising, college orientation sessions, course registration meetings.
• Usage : “I’m looking at the general education requirements to plan my first year of college courses.”

General Education Requirements are a critical component among must-know college admission terms, playing a foundational role in the structure of most undergraduate degree programs. These requirements, often referred to simply as “gen eds,” are courses in various disciplines that students must complete, regardless of their major. These requirements ensure that all graduates possess a broad knowledge base and skills, promoting a well-rounded educational experience.

The scope of General Education Requirements typically spans several key areas, including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, mathematics, and sometimes fine arts or physical education. The intention is to expose students to various subjects and intellectual perspectives, fostering critical thinking, effective communication, and a deeper understanding of the world.

17. GPA (Grade Point Average)

• Description : A measure of a student’s academic achievement, often a factor in college admissions.
• Settings : Academic advising, high school transcript reviews, college prep workshops.
• Usage : “I’m working hard to maintain a high GPA , as it’s important for my college applications.

GPA, or Grade Point Average, is a pivotal term in the array of must-know college admission terms, serving as a standard metric for academic achievement in high school and college. Calculated on a scale typically ranging from 0 to 4.0, the GPA is an aggregated representation of a student’s grades across all courses.

Each grade a student receives is converted to a corresponding point value (for example, an A might be equivalent to 4.0 points, a B to 3.0, etc.), and the average of these points results in the GPA. The GPA is a critical factor in college admissions as it provides a quick and standardized measure of a student’s academic performance.

Colleges often use the GPA as an initial screening tool to assess an applicant’s academic readiness and to compare applicants from different high schools with varying grading systems. A high GPA can indicate consistent academic success and can be particularly influential in competitive admissions processes.

18. Graduate School

• Description : Advanced academic programs beyond the undergraduate level.
• Settings : Career planning sessions, academic advising, and discussions with college professors.
• Usage : “After earning my bachelor’s degree, I plan to apply to graduate school for further specialization.”

Graduate School is a term that features prominently in the compendium of must-know college admission terms, representing an advanced level of study beyond the undergraduate degree. Graduate school typically refers to the educational phase where students pursue advanced degrees like masters or doctoral (Ph.D.) programs. It’s a stage of education that focuses more on specialized knowledge, research skills, and professional development in specific fields of study.

Attending graduate school is a decision that usually comes after completing a bachelor’s degree and is driven by various factors, including the pursuit of advanced expertise, a requirement for certain professions, or a passion for research and academia.

Graduate programs can vary greatly in structure and duration. For example, a master’s degree may take one to two years to complete, while a Ph.D. program can extend for several years and involves significant research, culminating in a dissertation.

19. HIPAA Release Form

• Description: A form that allows parents to access their college-aged child’s medical records.
• Settings: College preparatory meetings, health services discussions, and legal planning for college students.
• Usage: “Before I leave for college, my parents and I are completing a HIPAA Release Form for emergency situations.”

The HIPAA Release Form, though less discussed, is a vital component in the array of must-know college admission terms, particularly regarding students’ health and privacy rights. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ( HIPAA ) is a federal law that protects the privacy of an individual’s health information. Once students turn 18, their health records become confidential, and parents or guardians can no longer access them without explicit permission. This is where the HIPAA Release Form becomes relevant.

The form is a legal document through which students can grant their parents or guardians access to their medical information. This could be crucial when the student faces a health emergency or when important health decisions must be made. For college students who often live away from home, having a HIPAA Release Form can ensure that parents can quickly and effectively intervene or provide support in case of a medical issue.

20. Homesickness

• Description : Emotional distress experienced by students adjusting to life away from home.
• Settings : College orientation, counseling center discussions, conversations with resident advisors.
• Usage : “Many freshmen experience homesickness, but there are campus resources to help cope with it.”

Homesickness is a term that, while not academic in nature, is crucial among the must-know college admission terms due to its impact on a student’s transition to college life. It refers to the emotional distress or anxiety often felt by students who are away from their familiar home environment, especially for those living on campus for the first time. This condition can manifest in loneliness, sadness, or longing for home, affecting a student’s academic performance and overall well-being.

Homesickness is a common experience for many college freshmen as they adjust to a new environment, new responsibilities, and the challenges of living independently. It’s a natural part of the transition to college and is typically most intense during the first few weeks or months of college life. However, for some students, these feelings can be more persistent and may require additional support.

21. Independent Study

• Description : A course where students pursue individual research or projects, typically under faculty supervision.
• Settings : Academic planning meetings, discussions with professors, and curriculum exploration sessions.
• Usage : “For my independent study, I’m researching renewable energy technologies under Professor Smith’s guidance.”

Independent Study is an academic term with significant importance among must-know college admission terms, particularly for students seeking a personalized and self-directed educational experience.

It refers to a course of study that allows a student to explore a particular interest or topic in depth, under the guidance of a faculty member, but outside the structure of traditional classroom courses. This option is typically available in most colleges and universities and is highly valued for its flexibility and focus on individual learning.

Undertaking an Independent Study usually involves a student proposing a specific topic or project, which a faculty advisor or a department committee must approve. This proposal often includes objectives, study methods, and how the project will be evaluated. The student then works autonomously, though regularly meeting with their advisor for guidance and progress reviews. The culmination of an Independent Study is often a final paper, presentation, or creative project.

22. In-State Student

• Description: Students who reside in the same state as the public college they attend; they are often eligible for lower tuition.
• Settings: College admissions discussions, financial planning sessions, and state residency discussions.
• Usage: “As an in-state student, my tuition at the state university is significantly lower than for out-of-state students.”

The term ‘In-State Student’ is an essential part of must-know college admission terms, particularly when understanding the financial aspects of higher education. An in-state student is considered a resident of the state where a public college or university is located. This designation is significant due to the difference in tuition costs for in-state and out-of-state students at public institutions.

Public colleges and universities typically offer lower tuition rates to in-state students, a benefit supported by state taxes. To qualify for in-state tuition, a student must generally meet certain residency requirements set by the state and the institution. These requirements include living in the state for a specific period, typically at least a year, and demonstrating intent to make the state a permanent home, not just living there for educational purposes.

23. Internship

• Description : A work experience opportunity in a student’s field of interest, which can be paid or unpaid.
• Settings : Career services offices, academic advising meetings, professional development workshops.
• Usage : “I’m applying for internships this summer to gain practical experience in my field of study.”

The term ‘Internship’ is a crucial element within the spectrum of must-know college admission terms, representing a significant opportunity for practical learning and career exploration for students. An internship is a professional learning experience that offers meaningful, practical work related to a student’s field of study or career interest. It is often a part of a college curriculum and can be completed during the academic year or over summer breaks.

Internships can be paid or unpaid, depending on the industry and the nature of the internship. They are instrumental in providing students with hands-on experience in a real-world environment, bridging the gap between academic theories and practical application. This experience is invaluable, as it enhances a student’s resume and provides insights into their chosen field, helping them make informed career choices.

24. Liberal Arts

• Description : Academic disciplines that include a broad range of subjects focusing on critical thinking and communication.
• Settings : College fairs, academic departmental meetings, course selection sessions.
• Usage : “I chose a liberal arts college because I value a broad and diverse education.”

Liberal Arts is a significant term within the must-know college admission terms, encapsulating a broad and multifaceted approach to higher education. A Liberal Arts education is centered around a curriculum emphasizing various disciplines, including the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and sometimes fine arts and mathematics. This educational approach is designed to provide students with a diverse, well-rounded learning experience that fosters critical thinking, effective communication, and analytical skills.

In a Liberal Arts program, students are typically encouraged to explore a variety of subjects before specializing in a major. This approach not only equips students with knowledge across a spectrum of fields but also enhances their ability to think critically and creatively, to analyze complex problems from multiple perspectives, and to communicate effectively. Such skills are highly valued in a rapidly changing and interconnected world.

25. Need-Based Financial Aid vs Merit Aid

• Description : Financial aid based on economic need versus scholarships awarded for academic or other achievements.
• Settings : Financial aid office discussions, scholarship application workshops, family financial planning.
• Usage : “I’m eligible for need-based financial aid, but I’m also applying for merit scholarships.”

Understanding the distinction between Need-Based Financial Aid and Merit Aid is crucial within the must-know college admission terms, as it fundamentally influences how students can finance their higher education.

Need-Based Financial Aid is determined by the student’s and their family’s financial situation. This type of aid is designed to make college more accessible to students who may not have the means to afford it otherwise. It considers factors such as family income, assets, and the number of dependents in the household, typically assessed through forms like the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) and, in some cases, the CSS Profile.

On the other hand, Merit Aid is awarded based on a student’s achievements rather than their financial need. This can include academic accomplishments, athletic skills, artistic talents, or other personal achievements. Merit scholarships are a way for colleges to attract talented students, regardless of their financial background. Unlike need-based aid, colleges can offer merit aid to recognize and reward a student’s high school performance and extracurricular involvement without considering financial need.

26. Net Price

• Description : The actual college cost after accounting for scholarships and grants.
• Settings : Financial planning sessions, college admissions workshops, parent-student meetings.
• Usage : “To understand the affordability of each college, we’re comparing their net prices.”

The term “Net Price” is a crucial element among the must-know college admission terms, offering a clearer picture of the actual cost of attending a college or university. Unlike the sticker price, which includes tuition, room, board, and fees, the net price subtracts any grants and scholarships a student can receive. This figure provides prospective students and their families with a more accurate estimate of the financial burden they can expect to bear.

Understanding the net price is essential for making informed decisions about college affordability. It helps students gauge the true cost of their education after accounting for financial aid rather than basing decisions on the often higher published costs. Colleges must provide a net price calculator on their websites, enabling students to input their financial and academic information to receive a personalized estimate of what they would pay to attend.

27. Restrictive Early Action (REA)

• Description: A non-binding early college application option with restrictions on applying early to other schools.
• Settings: College application strategy discussions, meetings with guidance counselors, and family decision-making.
• Usage: “I applied through Restrictive Early Action to my first-choice school, so I can’t apply early elsewhere.”

Restrictive Early Action (REA) is an essential term within the must-know college admission terms, representing a specific early application process to colleges and universities. Like Early Action (EA), REA allows students to apply early to an institution and receive an admission decision before the regular decision deadline. However, REA’s “restrictive” nature sets it apart, meaning that students who apply to a college under REA are typically not permitted to submit early applications to other private institutions.

The key feature of REA is that, while it is a binding agreement, students are not committed to enrolling if accepted. This differs from Early Decision (ED), a binding agreement requiring students to enroll if admitted. REA is designed for students who strongly prefer one specific institution but still want the flexibility to compare financial aid offers and consider other colleges if admitted.

28. Single Choice Early Action (SCEA)

• Description : An early application option where students cannot apply early to other institutions.
• Settings : College admissions strategy sessions, high school guidance counselor meetings, application planning.
• Usage : “I chose Single Choice Early Action for my top university to demonstrate my strong interest.”

Single Choice Early Action (SCEA), or Restrictive Early Action, is a pivotal concept in must-know college admission terms. This application process allows students to submit an early application to their first-choice college, typically receiving a decision before the regular admission cycle. However, the “single choice” or “restrictive” aspect defines SCEA: applicants commit to applying early to only one institution under this plan, although they are not bound to attend if accepted.

This early application strategy is designed for students who clearly prefer one institution and wish to demonstrate their commitment to that school. Unlike Early Decision (ED) programs, SCEA does not require a binding commitment to enroll, offering students the flexibility to compare financial aid packages and consider other colleges if accepted. The restrictive nature of SCEA aims to streamline the early admissions process for both students and institutions by encouraging applicants to carefully consider their top choice without the pressure of a binding commitment.

29. Supplemental Essay

• Description : Additional essays required by some colleges, specific to each institution.
• Settings : College application workshops, English classes, meetings with writing tutors.
• Usage : “Besides my main essay, I have to write three supplemental essays for my application to that college.”

The Supplemental Essay is an indispensable term in the lexicon of must-know college admission terms, serving as a critical component of many college applications. Unlike the main personal statement that is often part of a standardized application like the Common App, supplemental essays are specific to individual colleges or universities. These essays allow admissions committees to investigate applicants’ interests, motivations, and fit for their institution.

The prompts for supplemental essays can vary widely, from asking about a student’s academic interests and how they align with the programs offered by the college to more personal or creative questions designed to gauge the student’s character or thought processes. This variety allows students to showcase different facets of their personality and experiences beyond what is captured in their grades and test scores.

30. Test-Blind/Test-Optional/Test-Flexible Policies

• Description : Policies regarding considering standardized test scores in the admissions process.
• Settings : College information sessions, discussions with admissions officers, and college prep courses.
• Usage : “The university I’m applying to is test-optional, so I’m deciding whether to submit my SAT scores.”

Test-blind policies represent the most radical departure from traditional admissions criteria. Colleges adopting this approach do not consider standardized test scores in their admissions decisions, even if the applicant submits them. This policy is rooted in the belief that standardized tests are not always accurate indicators of a student’s academic potential or capabilities.

Test-optional policies allow students to decide whether to submit SAT or ACT scores as part of their application. Institutions with test-optional policies evaluate other aspects of an application, such as high school grades, courses taken, essays, and extracurricular activities, more heavily if test scores still need to be submitted. This approach aims to level the playing field for students who may not perform well on standardized tests but show academic promise through other achievements.

Test-flexible policies offer a middle ground, allowing students to submit scores from various tests, not just the SAT or ACT. For example, a college might accept Advanced Placement (AP) exam scores, International Baccalaureate (IB) exam scores, or subject-specific SAT scores instead of the traditional SAT or ACT. This policy gives students more options to showcase their strengths in specific areas.

College admissions is paved with terminology that can sometimes be overwhelming. However, with the right information, prospective students can navigate this process more smoothly, making informed choices that best suit their educational and career goals.

Our list of 30 must-know college admission terms is more than just definitions—it’s a roadmap to understanding the opportunities and challenges of higher education. By familiarizing yourself with these terms, you’re taking an important step toward making your college dreams a reality, poised to tackle the application process with assurance and clarity. Remember, knowledge is power, especially when making life-changing educational decisions.

Want to assess your chances of admission? Take our FREE chances calculator today!

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Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, how many years of a foreign language does college require.

Hey guys. I'm a little confused about foreign language requirements for college applications. How many years of language study do colleges generally look for in applications? I'm aware it probably varies from college to college, but is there a general rule or expectation I should be aware of?

Generally speaking, most competitive colleges like to see at least three years of the same foreign language on high school transcripts, especially if you are planning to do a liberal arts degree. However, two years of study are a minimal base for many institutions.

One important thing to remember is that this shows sustained commitment, which colleges do appreciate. It can also demonstrate your interest in a global perspective, depending on how you discuss these studies in your application.

Some universities might have specific foreign language requirements. For instance, some selective schools expect four years of a foreign language in high school. You're right that it varies, so I advise you to check any specific schools you're considering to see if there are any definitive foreign language directives.

On a side note, if you don't have the luxury of the full four years of foreign language study (maybe you discovered your language love late in high school), don't panic. Other aspects of your application, like your essays, letters of recommendation, grades, and other scores, will also greatly contribute to your overall application package. Remember, colleges are looking at cumulative sets of experiences and they evaluate a broad variety of factors.

Hope this helps, and good luck with your college journey!

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CollegeVine’s Q&A seeks to offer informed perspectives on commonly asked admissions questions. Every answer is refined and validated by our team of admissions experts to ensure it resonates with trusted knowledge in the field.

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How Long Should Your College Essay Be? What Is the Ideal Length?

What’s covered: , personal statement length vs. supplemental essay length, are college essay word limits hard, what if a college essay word count isn’t given, what if you need to submit a graded paper, where to get your essays edited.

Students often spend hours agonizing over the best topics for their college essays. While it’s natural to wonder whether your personal statement is original or compelling enough, there’s one aspect of the process that shouldn’t cause you undue stress—how many words should a college essay be? Fortunately, with a little research, you can uncover the ideal college essay length for all your applications.

Unlike high school assignments, which typically have a strict page requirement, most colleges provide a word limit or word range for their application essays. This practice helps ensure that essays are the same length regardless of font or formatting. A good guideline is that students should strive to get as close as possible to the upper limit of the word range without exceeding it. Keep reading to learn more about best practices for college essay length.

How many words should a college essay be? Personal statements are generally 500-650 words. For example, the Common Application , which can be used to apply to more than 800 colleges, requires an essay ranging from 250-650 words . Similarly, the Coalition Application , which has 150 member schools, features an essay with a recommended length of 500-650 words.

650 words is the most common limit for your personal statement, but some schools may ask students to write more or less. For example, ApplyTexas , a platform used to apply to Texas public universities and other select colleges, requests essays with requirements that vary by school. For example, students applying to UT Austin will need to submit an essay of 500-700 words, along with three short-answer questions of 250-300 words each.

On the other hand, the University of California (UC) application includes a Personal Insight section with eight prompts . Students are asked to respond to any four of these prompts, with each response topping out at 350 words.

Additionally, some schools request a few supplemental essays, which are typically shorter than a personal statement. These questions are designed to gain more information about a student’s interests and abilities, and may include topics like your reasons for wanting to attend their school, your desired major, or your favorite activity.

Most schools require 1-3 supplemental essays, though some may require more or none at all (see our list of top colleges without supplemental essays ). These essays tend to be around 250 words, but some may be just as long as your main essay. For example, Cornell requires applicants to write a second supplemental essay (of 650 words max) that is specific to the program they’re applying to. The exception to this is the Cornell College of Engineering, for which applicants are required to compose two supplemental essays of 250 words max each.

For best results, keep your essays within the word range provided. While you don’t have to hit the count exactly, you should aim to stay within a 10% difference of the upper limit—without including fluff or filler. For example, if the school requests 500 words, try to ensure that your essay is between 450 and 500 words.

For the Common App, try to stay within 550-650 words, even though the given range is 250-650. Any submission shorter than 500 words will make it look as though you simply didn’t care enough to give your best effort. An essay shorter than 500 words won’t be long enough to truly share who you are and what matters to you.

Exceeding the word count isn’t an option—the application portal cuts off anything over the maximum number of allowed words. This is something you want to be particularly careful of if you’re drafting your essay in a Word or Google document and pasting it into the application.

Although most schools provide applicants with a specific word count, some offer more general guidelines. For example, a college may ask for a particular number of pages or paragraphs.

If you aren’t given a word count, try to adhere to the best practices and conventions of writing. Avoid writing especially short or overly long paragraphs—250 words per paragraph is generally a safe upper limit. If you’re asked to write a certain number of pages, single- or double-spaced, stick to a standard font and font size (like 12-point Times New Roman).

In the event that the college doesn’t offer any guidelines at all, aim for an essay length of around 500 words.

While essays are the most commonly requested writing sample, some colleges ask for additional pieces of content. For example, Princeton University requires students to submit a previously graded paper for evaluation .

Princeton offers guidelines that cover length, but if another school requests an old paper and doesn’t offer length requirements, a paper ranging from 3-5 pages should yield the best results. The goal is to select a paper long enough to showcase your writing skills and unique voice, but short enough that the admissions officer doesn’t get bored reading it.

Is your essay effective while staying within the required word count? It’s hard to evaluate your own writing, especially after rereading it numerous times. CollegeVine’s free Peer Essay Review provides an opportunity to have your essay reviewed by a fellow student, for free. Similarly, you can help other students by reviewing their essays—this is a great way to refine your own writing skills.

Expert advice is also available. CollegeVine’s advisors are prepared to help you perfect your personal statement and submit a successful application to your top schools. Find the right advisor for you to improve your chances of getting into your dream school!

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