a research agenda for economic psychology

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A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology (Elgar Research Agendas)

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Contributors include: S. Asbach, J.M. Bauer, J. Bosak, S. Diefenbach, K. Gangl, A. Gasiorowska, B. Hartl, M. Hassenzahl, D. Hilton, E. Hofmann, J. Khan, E. Kirchler, C. Kulich, C. Loibl, T.L. Milfont, K. Patel, L.A. Reisch, G. Rivers, D. Schwartz, M. Sommer, D. Stimmler, O. Stravrova, C. Tanner, I. Vlaev

ISBN-10 1839108398
ISBN-13 978-1839108396
Publisher Edward Elgar Publishing
Publication date April 15, 2020
Language English
Dimensions 6.57 x 0.51 x 9.17 inches
Print length 232 pages
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'The chapters are succinct, offering straightforward and accessible reviews of research areas in economic psychology. Some of the topics are familiar ones including chapters on money, debt, tax, wealth and happiness, while others are more novel such as those which cover the influence of digital technology on product design and the 'Sharing Economy'. This is a book which mainly deals with applying Psychology to economic behaviour, which it succeeds in doing. This applied focus includes providing policy advice about changing behaviour in order to encourage healthier eating habits and the more efficient management of household finances.' --Alan Lewis, University of Bath, UK

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A research agenda for economic psychology.

Katharina Gangl and Erich Kirchler ( 2019 )

This book presents state of the art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology. Internationally acknowledged experts and the next generation of younger researchers summarize the knowledge in their fields and outline promising avenues of future research. Chapters include fundamental as well as applied research topics such as the psychology of money, experience-based product design and the enhancement of financial capabilities. The book is targeted particularly towards researchers and advanced students looking to update their knowledge and refresh their thinking on future research developments.

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A research agenda for economic psychology

Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel r...

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A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology (Elgar Research Agendas) Hardcover – 26 April 2019

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Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology, this Research Agenda studies the fundamentals, perceptions and understanding of economic phenomena and behaviour. Internationally renowned experts as well as the next generation of researchers summarize the field and outline promising avenues of future research.

Research topics are addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective, providing a broad spectrum of thought on economic psychology. Exploring important gaps in research, chapters include theoretical as well as applied themes and cover novel research fields, to keep the reader abreast of contemporary developments. These include the psychology of money, product design, financial capabilities, sustainable consumption, diet, ethical conduct, gender inequality, the sharing economy, basic income, happiness, and tax psychology.

Researchers and advanced students of economics and psychology looking to update their knowledge and refresh their thinking on future research will greatly benefit from this timely book.

Print length 232 pages
Language English
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Publication date 26 April 2019
Dimensions 15.88 x 1.27 x 23.5 cm
ISBN-10 1788116054
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Publisher ‏ : ‎ Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd (26 April 2019)
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ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1788116053
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A mixed-method analysis of the contribution of informal sport to public health in Australia

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Ruth Jeanes, Justen O’Connor, Dawn Penney, Ramon Spaaij, Jonathan Magee, Eibhlish O’ Hara, Lisa Lymbery, A mixed-method analysis of the contribution of informal sport to public health in Australia, Health Promotion International , Volume 39, Issue 3, June 2024, daae048, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daae048

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Informal sport is a growth area of sport participation but there has been limited examination of how informal and unstructured forms of participation may contribute to health outcomes that are important for public health. This article aims to address the current lack of data examining the health outcomes associated with informal sport participation and consider the potential role of informal sport within efforts to promote healthier communities through sport. The article seeks to broaden understanding of how informal sport participation can contribute to health outcomes, particularly with regard to increasing physical activity and enhancing mental health and social connection. The article discusses the findings of an Australian mixed-method study that draws on observation, survey, interview and focus group data to examine the prospective health and social benefits of informal sport participation for adults. The findings demonstrate that informal sport participation can contribute to physical and mental health outcomes and facilitate social connection. Analysis of the observation data enabled an examination of the economic value of informal sport in relation to the health benefits it affords. The study provides valuable evidence of the value of informal sport for enhancing community health and broadens understanding of how sport can be utilized as a health promotion resource. The article concludes by suggesting that through leveraging existing infrastructure and the self-organizing aspects of informal sport, local government and health stakeholders can harness its potential to improve public health outcomes and address health inequities.

The article demonstrates the physical, social and mental health benefits that can occur from informal sport participation.

Physical inactivity is a significant issue for health promotion. This research illustrates that informal sport can support health promotion efforts to address physical inactivity within communities.

The article argues that by leveraging existing infrastructure and the self-organizing aspects of informal sport, local government and health stakeholders can harness its potential to improve public health outcomes and address health inequities.

Community club-based sport is recognized as a valuable health promotion resource that can contribute to enhanced mental and physical health, social connection and social cohesion ( Davies et al ., 2021 ). Increasing participation in sport has been a long-term objective of Australian federal government policy, however, in recent years adult participation in club-based sport has plateaued in many sports and declined in others ( Eime et al ., 2016 ). This trend is not unique to Australia and has been noted in other Global North countries including New Zealand, Canada and England ( Gilchrist and Wheaton, 2017 ). Australian data suggest that 82% of the population over 19 years of age do not participate in club-based sport ( Eime et al ., 2019 ). Despite low participation rates, the federal government, via the Australian Sports Commission and national governing bodies of sport, continues to invest substantial public funds in supporting club-based participation, often justified by the contributions that it can make to enhancing public health ( Stewart et al. , 2004 ). Evidence would suggest that the ability of club-based sport to promote physical, mental and social health is limited to a narrow proportion of the population playing sport in this way ( Weed, 2016 ).

While participation in club-based sport is contracting there has been a growth in informal, unstructured and casual forms of sport participation ( Cameron, et al. , 2022 ). Informal sport participation refers to participation that takes places outside of the formal affiliated structure of sport ( Wheaton and O’Loughlin, 2017 ; Jeanes et al ., 2019 ). Informal sport is a growing area of sport participation, but there has been limited examination of the contribution that this format can make to enhancing community health ( Kokko, 2014 ). This article utilizes a mixed-methods approach that draws on observation, survey, interview and focus group data to examine the prospective health and social benefits of informal sport participation for individuals and communities. In doing so, the article seeks to broaden understanding of how sport participation can promote health, particularly with regard to increasing physical activity, enhancing mental health and enhancing social connection. This article aims to address the current lack of data examining the health outcomes that informal sport can contribute to and explore the potential economic value of informal sport participation within communities. The article critically considers the potential of informal sport as a context to support public health outcomes. The article concludes that informal sport is currently a largely untapped resource within health promotion policy and that if sport is to make a meaningful contribution to population-wide health outcomes, informal formats need to be supported within communities and accorded greater priority in funding and policy frameworks.

Physical activity, sport and health promotion

Australia, like many countries globally, is a relatively sedentary nation with 75% of adults not physically active enough to accrue health benefits ( ABS, 2022 ). Physical inactivity contributes to a number of health-related issues including overweight and obesity, increased risk of coronary heart disease and increased risk of certain cancers ( King, 2012 ; Pinto et al ., 2020 ; Katzmarzyk et al ., 2022 ). Well-established health inequities leave certain populations at greater risk of physical inactivity and impacts on their physical health. Adults from low socioeconomic, multicultural or Indigenous backgrounds and people with disabilities are likely to be less physically active than the wider population and also more vulnerable to ill health ( Gordon-Larsen et al ., 2006 ; Newman et al ., 2015 ).

The annual cost of physical inactivity globally is estimated to be US$47.6 billion ( Santos, et al ., 2023 ). In Australia alone, the estimated cost to the healthcare system caused by physical inactivity is AUD$2.4 billion per year ( Australian Institute of Health & Welfare, 2023 ). In Australia, a risk factor impact (RFI) model developed by Deakin Health Economics ( Cadilhac et al ., 2011 ) suggests annual healthcare cost savings of up to AUD$300 for each person who becomes physically active.

Alongside physical health issues, and again reflecting global trends, mental ill health is a significant challenge impacting the Australian population. Globally, WHO data suggest that one in eight adults are living with mental illness ( WHO, 2019 ), with mental ill health more prevalent in countries such as the UK where one in four adults experience a mental illness in any given year ( Statista, 2022 ). In Australia, one in five adults experience a mental illness in any given year ( AIHW, 2022 ). Mental ill health similarly places a substantial economic burden on the economy estimated to be USD2.5 trillion annually at a global level ( Arias et al ., 2022 ).

There is an established literature base that suggests participation in sport can contribute to various health benefits, with these largely tied to sports capacity to increase people’s involvement in physical activity. Physical benefits associated with sport participation include reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, developing type 2 diabetes and some cancers ( Warburton and Bredin, 2017 ). Participation in sport is recognized to provide mental health benefits including contributing to protective factors in relation to anxiety and depression ( Panza et al ., 2020 ). Furthermore, existing studies point to the capacity of sport to facilitate social connection and feelings of belonging which have been demonstrated to contribute to both physical and mental health ( Walseth, 2006 ; Hoye et al ., 2015 ). Recent studies utilizing a social return on investment (SROI) methodology, suggest participation in organized sport contributed to an estimated AUD$1.8 billion in mental health benefits, AUD$1.20 billion in enhanced social capital and AUD$1.00 billion in health-related quality of life ( SportWest, 2021 ). The health benefits sport can provide therefore have significant economic implications for communities; however, levels of club-based sport participation remain low across the adult population.

Informal sport and health promotion

Academic analysis of informal sport participation has been expanding in recent years particularly focusing on action and lifestyle sports such as skateboarding, parkour and surfing ( Wheaton and Doidge, 2015 ). There has been limited exploration of informal formats of more traditional or mainstream sports (such as soccer, basketball, cricket) and studies that have been undertaken have not engaged significantly with the wider health promotion potential of informal sport. Analysis to date has illustrated some of the policy and governance challenges that exist in legitimizing informal sport within the sport participation landscape ( Wheaton and O’Loughlin, 2017 ; Jeanes et al ., 2019 ), issues surrounding access, facilities and space for informal participants ( Aquino et al ., 2022 ; Jeanes et al. , 2022 ) and the role of informal sport in migrant and refugee resettlement ( Thorpe and Wheaton, 2021 ; Spaaij et al ., 2023 ).

The context most extensively explored when examining informal sport activity and health and wellbeing benefits is Parkrun, the global phenomenon where volunteers organize a 5-km free community, walk, jog or run every Saturday morning. Since its inception in 2011, there are 2000 locations in 22 countries that host a regular Parkrun event. In Australia, Parkruns are held at 473 locations with 930,000 participants. In 2016, private health insurance company Medibank became a major sponsor of Parkrun Australia signaling the links between health and this form of informal sport participation. Studies examining Parkrun have identified its capacity to initiate and maintain health-enhancing behaviors including physical activity ( Stevinson et al ., 2015 ) by providing a flexible, open and low-cost activity that offers a regular structure for participation. Grunseit et al. (2020) suggest that Parkrun is effective at engaging traditionally underrepresented populations in physical activity and is a flexible model that suits the needs of participants to engage in physical activity at a level that suits them. The authors suggest that although a relatively small evidence base is available, Parkrun can positively impact participant’s health and wellbeing. This is echoed by Quirk et al. (2021) , who concluded from a survey of 60,000 participants that Parkrun was effective at increasing physical activity levels among respondents from socioeconomically deprived areas. The findings point to the potentially important contribution informal sport such as Parkrun can make to public health and in addressing inequalities that arise from a lack of access to affordable physical activity opportunities.

As outlined above, there has been a rich array of studies examining the impact of physical activity on various health outcomes ( Warburton and Bredin, 2017 ). More specifically, the potential of sport as a health promotion resource has been recognized, however, the substantive body of research available has largely focused on traditional, structured sports clubs as the context of the study ( Geidne et al ., 2019 ; Robertson et al. , 2019 ; O’Connor et al ., 2022 ). Informal sport is a form of participation that sits between existing physical activity studies and those conducted within structured, club-based sporting contexts. Despite the growth in informal sport participation, exploration of the health promotion potential of informal sport has been largely restricted to Parkrun as one context of informal activity. This article seeks to contribute to an evidence base examining the health, social and economic benefits of informal sport to participants.

Defining informal sport in the context of the study

Informal sport is a contested concept with various terminologies (e.g. lifestyle, action, pick-up, social sport) that are often used interchangeably under the umbrella of informal participation. In this project, we define informal sport participants as individuals and groups who meet all of the following three criteria:

Are not committed members either financially or to a schedule/competition of a formal competitive sporting club, organization or governing body;

Organize their regular participation in sport outside of traditional structures;

Participate in activities recognizable as sports like soccer, basketball, cricket, volleyball, swimming, running and cycling (or modified versions of these), rather than activities more typically associated with fitness or leisure such as aerobics, yoga or personal training.

Study design

The data discussed in this article were collected as part of a 3-year study examining informal sport as a health and social resource. The study utilized a mixed-method approach with data collection occurring in two states within Australia (Victoria and Western Australia), four local government areas (2 from each state) and 16 locations (4 from each local government area). The data discussed in this article arise from observational, survey, interview and focus group methods. Observation comprised an adaptation of the Systems for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) protocol ( McKenzie et al ., 2006 ; McKenzie and van der Mars, 2015 ) to capture details of participants and the type and level of participation, alongside the descriptive data captured on participation via SOPARC, these data were also utilized to undertake an analysis examining the economic contribution of physical activity resulting from informal sport participation. A survey was used to explore social connection, and focus groups and individual interviews with informal sport participants enabled in-depth analysis of participant experiences and perceived impacts on health and wellbeing. As outlined, the aim of the study was to develop an evidence base outlining the potential health contributions of informal sport. A mixed-method approach was appropriate for collating multiple perspectives and sources of information examining the value of informal sport, ranging from exploring participant experience to quantitative data examining participation. Each of these methods, the respective participant samples and analysis techniques are discussed further in turn.

Observation data

Unlike formal sport, a lack of record keeping and membership data meant one of the best ways to capture informal sport participation was to observe it in situ. To capture informal sport participation in community settings, the SOPARC instrument was deployed based largely on the procedures outlined by McKenzie et al. , (2006) . Systematic observation provided an opportunity to directly observe and record simultaneously the physical environment and the sporting context while capturing objective data about participation with strong internal validity ( McKenzie and van der Mars, 2015 ). The SOPARC utilizes momentary time sampling techniques whereby systematic scans of individuals undertaking their activities within pre-defined target areas at pre-determined time periods are made. Data were summarized to describe the number of participants by activity, mode (informal) and intensity (METS), within estimated age and gender groupings. Validity of the activity codes used by SOPARC has been established through heart rate monitoring ( McKenzie et al ., 1991 , 2006 ) and accelerometry ( Ridgers et al ., 2010 ).

Following familiarization training using videos, observers from each state collectively completed field-based training and initial reliability checking. Additional inter-rater reliability data were periodically collected during the observation period and achieved the target of > 80% agreement. Identification and selection of sites for observation occurred in consultation with local government officers. To be considered for inclusion, areas needed to contain suitable open park space and have facilities or equipment that might support informal sport participation. The four sites in each local government area were selected based on the following criteria:

Recommended by council officers as sites of interest for informal sport.

Suitably close to housing with good community access.

Provided formal sporting facilities and/or open spaces suitable for informal participation (open grassed areas, basketball court rings).

Sufficient space for multiple participant groups/ types.

Ranked by researchers as viable sites for observations and provided a diversity of site contexts within and across the local government areas.

Settings included those that comprised official sporting fields, sporting courts or boundaries and were used by formal sporting competitions, and more residential park spaces with modified facilities but no formal sport organization use. Sites were more conducive to team-based sports than activities like cycling, swimming and running; the exceptions were Scarborough Beach in WA and to a much lesser extent Carlisle Park in Victoria. Observations also extended to indoor multi-court facilities adjacent to open space at two of the sites in WA. The equivalent of 1 full week’s worth of morning and evening observations took place at each site across a 2-week period.

The intended purpose of SOPARC is to capture all forms of activity in community spaces. Our primary focus was to capture informal sport participation with a secondary purpose of capturing formal or official sport participation as a point of comparison. Observers recorded sport as informal when it was clear there was no organizing agent (club personnel, coach, structure) and where this was ambiguous, participants were asked if they were participating as members of a sporting club. Activities excluded from being counted as either formal or informal sport included walking, spectating, yoga, strength exercise, fitness station, group fitness, dance, climbing/parkour, kite surfing, stand-up paddle boarding and aqua aerobics. There were observations of semi-organized informal sport, particularly in indoor settings. These involved an organizing agent and payment of court-hire fees, but participants were not members of a club and were therefore considered as informal participation within observations.

Data from paper-based forms were manually entered into Microsoft Excel at the end of a collection period and this was collated into SPSS V.28 for analysis. We report the findings for the busiest 30-min interval within any 1-hr observation period. Invariably, this coincided with the second half of the 1-hr observation window in the mornings and evenings.

Physical activity benefits for informal sport were accounted for by calculating MET-hours gained. A MET represents the ratio of energy expended divided by resting energy expenditure. MET-hours gained represents the MET-hours per person per day gained as a result of sport participation. One MET is defined as the energy it takes to sit quietly, equivalent to a caloric consumption of 1 kcal/kg/hr. For example, if jogging (seven METs) is done for 1 hr, it results in seven MET-hours. This means the person has expended energy equivalent to 7 times what they would have expended resting for the same duration. Two different approaches were used to calculate an estimate of energy expenditure. One relied on estimates from the SOPARC observations whereby participants during scans were coded as sedentary, walking or very active (later converted to METs). The other involved using the Compendium of Physical Activity (2011) to later apply MET values based on the sporting activities observed. The Compendium provides a comprehensive list of physical activities and their validated MET values ( Ainsworth et al ., 2000 , 2011 ). MET-hours gained were derived by multiplying the METs associated with the type and intensity of the activity by the time spent performing the activity using hours as the unit of analysis.

The observed MET-hours gained using the SOPARC tool were typically lower than the intensities recorded in the Compendium (see Table 1 ), particularly for formal sport. This may have been due to an overestimation of the Compendium values, given not all formal sport we witnessed was at the intensity of full match play, and an underestimation on behalf of the SOPARC estimates due to the timing of the single point activity scan. As a result, the mean value of METS from both the compendium and observed estimates was used in the final calculation as a representation.

Relative METS of each activity

* Based upon the competitive or sporting version found in the compendium of physical activity.

# Based upon the casual, recreational version found in the compendium of physical activity.

Italics : Not in the compendium but based on similar activities.

A number of assumptions were made in the calculation of MET-hours gained. These assumptions were necessary as individual identity/histories were not collected. For comparison purposes, the same assumptions were applied to formal sport participation. Assumptions consisted of the following:

If people were not participating in informal sport as observed, they would not be doing any alternate physical activity. Consequently, MET-hours calculated here are MET-hours gained above being sedentary.

The MET-hours gained is not a one-off, rather it represents a consistent pattern of behavior.

Each data point represents a unique person participating once per week rather than being the same person on multiple occasions.

Each person is participating in the activity for a minimum of 60 min.

Only data from those estimated to be over 17 years of age were included. This reflected that our project was particularly directed towards youth and adult participation.

Economic analysis of observational data

Having identified the total MET-hours gained across the equivalent of a 1-week observation period, MET-hours gained per day, per person was calculated. The RFI model developed by Deakin Health Economics in Australia ( Cadilhac et al ., 2011 ), conservatively estimates transitioning one person from inactive to active status produces an average savings of $300 per person per year over their lifetime (3.8% of the total healthcare cost—comparable to US estimates). The minimum recommendation for physical activity translates to 390 MET-hours per year for adults ( Wu et al ., 2011 ) meaning the contribution of each MET-hour of physical activity equates to $1.30. To make cost comparisons, Wu et al . (2011) suggest standardizing the duration of the intervention to 12 months for a potential 10,000 target population. Benefit in this hypothetical year was calculated as MET-hours gained per person per day multiplied by 1-year duration and then by 10,000.

Social connection data collection

To understand levels of social connection among informal sport participants, an online survey was distributed via social media. The survey was distributed via Twitter (now X) through the research team and contacts in sports administration, the social media accounts of informal groups connected with as part of the research, through local council and sports governing bodies’ Facebook pages and Instagram accounts and social sport social media accounts. Social connection was measured using a modified version of the Social Connectedness Scale, initially developed by Lee and Robbins (1995) . This modified version of the scale developed by Hoye et al . (2015) was adopted to allow comparison with their formal sport participation data. This measure comprised the following items: ‘I feel disconnected from the world around me’ (β = 0.770); ‘Even around people I know, I don’t feel that I really belong’ (β = 0.849); ‘I feel so distant from people’ (β = 0.882); and ‘I have no sense of togetherness with my peers’ (β = 0.835) generating a means score M = 20.16 (SD = 3.72; n = 1548) and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90. For the same items, our sample ( n = 109) returned a mean score M = 19.09 (SD = 4.34) and Cronbach’s alpha of.84 with inter-item correlations between 0.48 and 0.68.

A total of 153 participants accessed the survey with 109 participants completing it (71.2%). 28% percent identified as coming from an Australian cultural background, 23% as European, 48% represented a range of cultural backgrounds, while 16% did not answer. Age in years ranged from 18 to 67 with a mean age of 35.6 years (SD = 11.2). Just over half (51.4%, n = 55) participated in only informal sport, 21.5% ( n = 23) participated in a combination of formal and informal sport, 18.7% ( n = 20) participated in only formal sport, while 8.4% ( n = 9) indicated they participated in fitness-focused activities (yoga, exercise classes). The sample comprised 60% identifying as male, 39% identifying as female and 1% non-identifying, with 90% of formal sport participants and 62% of informal participants indicating they were male.

Interviews and focus groups

Semistructured interviews were conducted with informal sport group leaders. Leaders were defined as individuals who organized and managed informal sport groups, they were usually the point of contact for participants, determined the location and timing of gathering and usually promoted the group through social media. Interviews were conducted with 42 informal sport group leaders. The research team connected with leaders via the observations, with groups approached and invited to take part. Leaders were also connected via a snowballing approach with recommendations from those interviewed of other groups to contact. Six of the leaders were women and 36 were from non-Caucasian background. The leaders were responsible for organizing groups participating in a number of different sports including badminton, cricket, basketball, skate, BMX, tennis, volleyball. Interviews focused on examining motivations for informal sport participation, challenges and facilitators to participation and experiences of participating including impacts on health and social relationships. These areas were considered in relation to individual’s personal experiences and what they observed across group members. Interviews were transcribed in full and thematically analysed ( Joffe, 2011 ). Inductive analysis was initially undertaken to identify key themes which were then used to develop a coding framework that was developed from emergent themes. Analysis was initially undertaken independently by four members of the research team to develop the coding framework. Once the framework was agreed upon, the researchers coded five transcripts and compared for similarity, with a 90% similarity rating achieved.

Focus Groups were undertaken with a further 62 informal sport participants with 12 informal groups taking part in the focus groups. We had observed these participants during our SOPARC data collection and they indicated a willingness to be involved in focus groups. A total of 39 participants in the focus groups identified as men, 23 identified as women. Nine focus groups consisted of men-only participants, three women-only. Ninety percent were non-Caucasian. Four groups consisted of participants from predominantly Indian heritage (three were cricket groups, one soccer), three with participants of Afghan heritage (two soccer groups, one Sangarag, a traditional cultural sport), two groups of participants from Turkish heritage (two soccer), one group of participants from Kenyan heritage (Soccer group) and one of participants from South East Asia (badminton). The group of participants from mixed cultural background participated in futsal.

The focus group questions were similar to those used for individual interviews, with the group discussions providing greater opportunity for reflection and discussion by participants. The analysis process used mirrored the interview analysis, with the researchers independently analysing three focus group transcripts and identifying key themes, these were compared to the interviews with similar themes emerging. The coding framework utilized for the interviews was subsequently used to code the focus group transcripts with a further layer of analysis examining comparisons between leader and group experiences of participation.

While each aspect of data collection was initially analysed as an independent data set, aspects of triangulation occurred where appropriate. For example, participants recounting how they perceived participation impacted on the level of fitness was considered alongside observational data and findings of the survey data relating to social connection were also considered alongside detailed accounts from participant focus groups and interviews.

The study received approval through the first author’s university ethics committee, project number 18504. Participants have been anonymized throughout the article.

Observation of informal sport: key findings

A total of 13,534 observations of people in various settings were made across the evaluation period. Of these, 7636 observations were associated with activities that could be connected to sport. More than double the observations were noted in Western Australia (WA) ( n = 9247) compared to Victoria ( n = 4287). Unlike Victoria, WA was not dramatically impacted by periods of COVID-19 public health orders that were in place at the time and the observation periods occurred at different times of the year due to the lockdown restrictions in Victoria.

Overall, informal sport including running, swimming and skateboarding represented 50.2% of the observations, while formal participation represented 49.8%. Informal sporting rates in Victoria were at 46% while in WA they were 52.9% compared to formal. The most popular sporting activities observed were cricket (26%), soccer (16.5%) and basketball (17.7%).

Using a gender binary based upon observations as detailed in the SOPARC protocol ( McKenzie et al ., 2006 ) we estimated men (80%) were four times more likely to be playing informal sport than women (20%). If we combine all forms of activity, men were five times more likely to be observed than women across all sites.

Observed metabolic equivalent of task (METs)

Economic contribution of informal sport through physical activity.

Drawing on observational data we calculated that informal sport contributed 6646 MET-hours gained of physical activity across 16 sites in two states equating to a 1-week period for people estimated to be over 17 years of age. In the same period, informal sport contributed between 0.59 (mean MET intensity SOPARC) and 0.77 (Compendium of PA) MET-hours gained of physical activity per day per person compared to between 0.48 and 0.88 MET-hours gained per day per person for formal sport.

The minimum recommendation for physical activity translates to 390 MET-hours per year for adults ( Wu et al ., 2011 ). For people who would otherwise be sedentary, every MET-hour gained is worth approximately $1.30 for adults. At an average of 0.681 MET-hours gained per day per person, the informal sport we observed was comparable to formal sport (0.683) and a range of physical activity interventions aimed at increasing sedentary behavior, including individual behavior change adaptions (0.5), enhancing access to physical activity spaces (0.62), increasing social support (0.65) and community PA campaigns (0.44) ( Wu et al ., 2011 ). We observed approximately $8640 worth of informal sport physical activity in the equivalent of 1 week across the 16 settings, compared to $5219 for formal sport. For the equivalent of 10,000 people, this equates to a health saving of over AUD 1.62 million every 6 months. This excludes other benefits to be gained from social connection and the benefits detailed in the qualitative focus group data such as improvements in mental health.

Social and mental health benefits of informal sport

Social connection.

Social connection was measured quantitatively via an online survey and also discussed in greater depth during interviews and focus groups. Social connection is associated with enhanced mental and physical health and greater access to networks and resources ( Holt-Lunstad, 2021 ). The survey data ( n = 147) indicated there were no differences between the short-form measures of social connectedness across participation type ( F (9, 93) = 1.30, p = 0.277). Using the 4-item Social Connectedness Scale ( Lee & Robbins, 1995 ; Hoye, et al ., 2015 ) informal participants reported mean = 18.37 (SD 4.0) and formal participants mean = 18.74 (SD 5.2). This suggests participants from this sample who play informal sport have comparative levels of social connection to people who play formal sport or a combination of informal and formal sport.

The importance of informal sport for fostering social connection was a key theme elaborated on during qualitative data collection. Informal groups supported participants to meet new people, establish friendships and build trusting bonds and relationships with other participants. As this group leader described,

I think it’s just that social connection, I think probably that’s the most important thing. A lot of the women, some play, some have played, a lot of them haven’t played, they just come and have a go. But they really enjoy meeting other women and bonding. I think that bonding aspect is really valuable. (Women’s Soccer Group Leader)

Participants in focus groups suggested that informal groups were safe spaces where they felt welcomed, valued and accepted. This leader explained,

It [informal sport group] because most of us are immigrants, it gives..comfort that they’ve got someone in their corner to help them out when times are tough, or just to hang out as a stress relief, to go out and have a good time with people. (Cricket Group Leader)

As discussed in the methodology, many of the focus group participants and group leaders were from multicultural communities and many of the participants discussed poor experiences in club-based sport, ranging from feelings of not belonging through to experiencing overt and institutionalized racism. Informal sport was ‘different’ in this respect for participants, with informal groups providing a setting that was responsive to their culture and beliefs and where they did not feel like outsiders. The perceptions of safety experienced within informal settings were important in supporting social connection. Informal sport groups were important to participants for facilitating a sense of community based on shared interests, cultural backgrounds and gender.

Mental health benefits

Participants discussed both the social and physical aspects of informal sport as contributing to their mental health. Many felt that informal sport offered them the opportunity to destress, be active in a supportive environment, and provide an escape from everyday stressors.

I do come to the ground because of a couple of reasons: one of it is for the purpose of my mental health. You go to work and some of the jobs that we do is really taxing. It can really get into your head, so you need some – Because I work in the disability sector, and sometimes you go through hard shifts, so coming to the field, it helps your mental state. (Informal Futsal Participant)

A number of the participants described how informal sport participation was an important mechanism for managing anxiety and depression arising from wider life circumstances.

I have bad depression with spending many years on a bridging visa waiting to see if I can stay here. My soccer group has been constant through this. I go run around, we talk and joke and I feel better. I see them three, sometimes four times a week and it would be very hard without them. (Informal Sport Participant)

One group leader described their informal group as being like ‘that Men’s Shed thing’ referring to the non-profit organization in Australia that provides space for men to gain social connection and improve their health. Reconvening and playing informal sport were particularly important in supporting the mental health of groups in Victoria after prolonged COVID lockdowns (262 days of lockdown over 2 years). This soccer participant explained,

The benefits, like fitness is key, you get fitter and stuff, you get to free your head and mind from the pressure of work and COVID and everything that was worrying you. People were indoors for a very long time, you need to go out there and do something else. (Informal Soccer Participant)

The fluidity and flexibility of groups enabled them to rebound quickly once lockdown restrictions were scaled back in Victoria with many groups returning to play as soon as government restrictions changed.

The perspectives of participants and leaders provide a rich account of the value and importance of informal sport groups in their lives.

Collectively the findings of the study evidence and illustrate the health benefits associated with informal sport participation and the potential role that informal sport could have in health promotion efforts that utilize sport as a context. The accounts of participants point to the capacity of informal participation to foster similar benefits to those identified in studies examining the value of club-based sport within communities, including social connection, community connection alongside well-established mental and physical health benefits ( Eime et al ., 2013 ; Hoye et al. , 2015 ). Informal sport also offers a safe space ( Spaaij and Schulenkorf, 2014 ) where participants feel accepted and included, often in ways they haven’t experienced in club-based sport settings.

The evidence suggests that informal sport can provide significant economic benefits in relation to health savings, and is comparatively cheaper to support than formal sport. Beyond the provision of facilities and infrastructure, which are often already available to support club-based participation, there is little additional investment or infrastructure required. Informal sport does not generate the same level of human resource investment needed as formal sport and requires functional, rather than ‘high-performance quality’, spaces and infrastructure. The apparent cost-effectiveness of informal sport, coupled with the positive contributions that we have detailed in this study suggest that it should be considered as a key resource in community health promotion work and in particular health promotion efforts that utilize community sport to achieve health outcomes such as increases in physical activity.

The data presented also point to informal sport’s value in terms of the participation reach it can achieve in comparison with more structured forms of community sport. Our qualitative data illustrate the capacity of informal sport to attract participants from multicultural communities who are often underrepresented in club-based setting ( O’Driscoll et al ., 2014 ). Informal sport therefore has a potentially valuable role to play in efforts related to a number of health and social policy objectives including social inclusion and physical activity promotion and is likely a valuable resource for services that currently support community health. We also note, however, that women were not participating in the same numbers as men in our study and that while supporting cultural diversity, informal sport does not address gender dynamics that negatively impact women’s participation in club-based sport. The qualitative data presented in the study suggest that where women did participate, they experienced similar benefits to men but our previous research has indicated that women’s participation was constrained by a range of cultural and social factors and particularly around feeling of safety as informal participants in public spaces ( Jeanes et al. , 2019 ).

Thus, while informal sport represents an important avenue to support greater levels of physical activity participation across the population, addressing inequities in access to opportunities would be important in policy and resourcing efforts to support informal participation. Furthermore, our previous research has highlighted the systematic barriers informal groups face when seeking to participate, particularly around gaining access to space and facilities to play ( Jeanes et al. , 2022 ).

Previous research has illustrated that informal sport is largely absent from policies aiming to support increases in sport participation or health outcomes and as a result informal sport lacks legitimacy as a format of sport participation that can contribute significantly to key policy imperatives ( Jeanes et al. , 2022 ; Wheaton and O’Loughlin, 2017 ). To fully leverage the capability of informal sport as a health promotion resource, it is essential that informal participation is recognized as a legitimate and valuable form of sport within health promotion and sport policies, investment strategies and planning frameworks. Our data have repeatedly pointed to the need for explicit support from key stakeholders particularly local government and sporting associations, in order for health benefits to be leveraged from informal sport. Such support includes facilitating regular access to spaces to play, providing equipment and supporting infrastructure (including lights, toilets at facilities). The importance of cross-agency collaboration is also apparent, with informal sport shown to be integral to the advancement of health and community development agendas.

It should be noted that there are a number of limitations connected to each aspect of data collection. Despite the assumptions and limitations raised through the use of direct observation (SOPARC), these data present clear advantages over alternatives such as self-report data, particularly due to its capacity to mitigate against social desirability and recall inaccuracies. The comparative validity and reliability of SOPARC in public park and recreational spaces has been well established ( McKenzie et al ., 2006 ).

From the social connection survey data, it isn’t possible to ascertain how informal sport has impacted levels of social connection for individuals, we can only compare this to those participating in other forms of sport but we cannot determine if participants had high levels of social connection prior to engaging with informal sport. The mixed-method approach is valuable here however, in that interviews and focus group data did provide greater detail on the ways in which informal participation had facilitated social connections that were not readily available in other aspects of participants’ lives. Similarly, drawing on the interview and focus group data we have drawn conclusions regarding the impact of informal sport on participants’ mental health which is self-reported data rather than validated measurement of participants’ mental health. We would argue that participant perceptions still provide valuable insights into the contribution of informal sport to various dimensions of health.

To conclude, the findings presented in the article underscore the importance of informal sport in facilitating opportunities for physical activity, fostering social connection and supporting mental health. The economic and health benefits, alongside the social and cultural value of informal sport, present valuable evidence of the need to recognize and support informal participation within communities. By leveraging existing infrastructure and the self-organizing aspects of the informal sport, local government and health stakeholders can harness its potential to improve public health outcomes and address health inequities.

All authors contributed to the data collection, analysis and writing of this article.

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the four local authority areas involved in the research City of Casey, City of Hume, City of Canning and City of Stirling.

This work was supported by the Australian Research Council [LP180100038]; Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries, Western Australia; Cricket Victoria; Centre for Multicultural Youth; Victorian Health Promotion Foundation.

The authors have no competing interests to declare.

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Announcing the 2024 Scholars and Mentors for the Towards 2044: Horowitz Early Career Scholar Program

SRCD is pleased to announce the 2024 cohort for the Towards 2044: Horowitz Early Career Scholar Program !

The Frances Degan Horowitz Millennium Scholars Program (MSP) was developed in 1999 as a vehicle to encourage and support scholars from under-represented ethnic/racial groups from North America in pursuing graduate work in developmental science. In 2020, the Wallace Foundation provided funding to SRCD to strengthen the program, extending it from mentorship specifically at the SRCD Biennial to a year-long program. The new name for the extended program is now the Towards 2044: Horowitz Early Career Scholar Program. This mentorship opportunity takes its name from the year when the adult population of the United States is estimated to become a diverse majority.

The Towards 2044: Horowitz Early Career Scholar Program will provide educational and professional development for scholars from underrepresented groups, giving them a launching point for a career in the field of child development with the guidance and mentorship from more advanced scholars. The selected scholars and mentors will meet in Washington, DC to kickstart the program, and then participate in a series of monthly virtual seminars and one-on-one mentor/mentee meetings through December 2024. These experiences will enable the rising scholars to gain valuable exposure to the field and allow them to network not only with their mentors, but also with other scholars and professionals.

The program is led by the Advisory Committee including Dr. Michael Cunningham (Tulane University) Dr. Mayra Bámaca (University of California, Merced) and Dr. Charissa Cheah (University of Maryland, Baltimore County) and is supported through generous funding from the Wallace Foundation.

Please join us in welcoming this year’s Towards 2044: Horowitz Early Career Scholar Program cohort of Scholars and mentors!

Krystal Alvarez-Hernandez

Krystal Alvarez-Hernandez is a second-year Ph.D. student in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Northwestern University. She obtained her bachelor’s degree in Psychological Science from California State University San Marcos in 2022 and was awarded the Predoctoral Ford Foundation Fellowship in 2023.

Raised as the eldest daughter of hard-working immigrants, Krystal grew up as a proud bilingual and bicultural Mexican American. At the age of 17, she became a mother, an experience that has profoundly influenced her interests and goals as a developmental scientist. She aims to examine the role of societal stressors (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) on maternal adaptive processes related to pregnancy, childbirth, and childrearing, and their children’s early cognitive trajectories, particularly within Latino communities. She hopes that this research will contribute towards alleviating early inequalities linked to the social determinants of health that Latino mothers and their children face in the United States.

Truc Do is a first-year Developmental Science Ph.D. student at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. She has been a graduate research assistant in the Self-regulation, Emotions, and Early Development (SEED) Lab, working on a Technology Development Fund project that aims to detect early childhood psychopathology from a tablet-based game. Prior to starting her PhD program, Truc received a Master of Science in Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology degree from Birkbeck, University of London where she was awarded a Kenway Legacy Scholarship. She later worked as a teaching assistant for children with autism in primary schools in London. She also earned a Master of Science in Psychology degree from the University of Essex (UK) where she was a recipient of the Woman of the Future Scholarship. Truc hopes to become a research scientist in the fields of developmental psychopathology and early childhood mental health. She is particularly interested in utilizing wearable technologies to shed light on emotion dysregulation issues such as temper tantrums in children with and without autism, especially from a cross-cultural perspective.

Peter Dossen

Peter C. Dossen is an international student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He began his Ph.D. 2023 in the Human Sciences program specializing in Child Development/Early Childhood Education. Peter obtained his Bachelor of Science in Nursing from William V. S. Tubman University, Liberia, in 2016 and his Master of Arts in Child Development from the University of Haifa, Israel, in 2019. Peter's research interests revolve around the mechanism linking the association among the intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), attachment, parenting, children's mental health, social-emotional development, and academic achievement in a post-war country. He has worked as an instructor at William V. S. Tubman University's Department of Early Childhood and Primary Education and also as a Registered Nurse at the Rocktown Kunokudi Clinic, where he held various roles, including officer in charge (OIC), Maternal and Child Health Focal person, and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinician. His transition from clinical nursing practice to child development stemmed from witnessing the lack of educational opportunities for children in the clinic catchment communities where he was assigned. This experience ignited his passion for policy reform initiatives that promote a safe, stable, and nurturing environment where young children and their families can thrive.

Joseph Green

Joseph (Joey) Green is a clinical psychology doctoral student at George Washington University. He earned his B.S. in Psychology from Arizona State University (ASU) in 2021. During his time at ASU, Joey worked on projects examining mental and behavioral health outcomes, their impact on biological processes (e.g., sleep), and interpersonal relationships that influence these outcomes (e.g., parenting) among LGB Latinx youth during periods of major transition (e.g., the transition to college). These experiences led to Joey’s current research interests in interpersonal relationships (e.g., parenting) and sociostructural contexts (e.g., policy/law, neighborhood/community) that influence LGBTQ+ youth health and development. His research interests draw on his work with the LGBTQ+ community during his time with the Trevor Project. In this role, he encountered many LGBTQ+ youth growing up in places and within contexts where support for their identity was lacking. He uses a development-in-context approach to examine these complex multisystem challenges and how they contribute to mental and behavioral health trajectories for LGBTQ+ youth.

Christina Griep

Christina Diaz Griep is a graduate student at the University of Houston in the Psychology (Developmental Cognitive Behavioral Neuroscience) program. She earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology from Florida International University (FIU). During her time at FIU, she worked as a research assistant under the mentorship of Dr. Eliza Nelson, investigating the relationship between infant fine motor skills and vocabulary development. After graduation, she worked as a lab manager in the Adult Development and Decision Lab at the University of Central Florida under the mentorship of Dr. Nichole Lighthall where she worked on a project investigating the development of science learning. Currently she works with Dr. Hanako Yoshida in the Cognitive Development Lab investigating the early attentional mechanisms that underlie language development with infants from various cultural backgrounds and households that speak more than one language. Her current master thesis project aims to document early multimodal input structure by coupling head mounted eye trackers with network analysis. This will allow her to observe infants’ moment-to-moment gaze behaviors during parent-infant object play to investigate microstructures on parent verbal input during social contingent interactions. Beyond her research, she is a dedicated toddler mom, and enjoys traveling with her family.

Erica Karp, M.Ed., is a Ph.D. student in the clinical psychology program at Case Western Reserve University. Ms. Karp received her master’s degree in early childhood special education from Vanderbilt University and completed her undergraduate degree at Claremont McKenna College. Prior to pursuing her doctorate, she worked in various research laboratories at Northwestern University focused on neurodevelopmental disorders, cognition, and psychosis risk. Broadly Ms. Karp is interested in social-cognitive processes related to the development of psychosis and autism. More specifically, she is interested in the timing of social functioning difficulties and the subsequent impact on conversion risk in autistic individuals. Her current research projects are examining the utility of a social skills program for adolescents with serious mental illness and the feasibility of assessing psychosis risk in autistic individuals.

Javier Omar

Javier Omar is originally from Miami, Florida, and the son of two Cuban immigrants. He is currently a doctoral candidate in Developmental and Psychological Sciences at the Stanford Graduate School of Education. Prior to his time at Stanford, Javier taught secondary science in the San Antonio Independent School District. He received his BS in Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology and BA in Human Health from Emory University.

His research leverages mixed methods, strengths-based, and community-based participatory approaches to examine the social-emotional and psychosocial development of culturally and linguistically diverse children. His current work is situated within the Stanford-San Francisco Unified School District Partnership. It broadly focuses on assessing emotion knowledge development across a diverse cohort of preschoolers and examining the role of teacher beliefs and biases on social-emotional learning practices and student outcomes. Additionally, he is currently involved in a multi-institution, community-driven project focused on developing and validating a measure of youth immigration-related stress, trauma, and strength, where he is leading a qualitative study to explore how caregivers and youth perceive the impact of immigration-related experiences on youth psychosocial development and mental health.

Outside of research, Javier is passionate about mentorship and community-engaged work with first-generation, low-income and Latine communities.

Crystal Thinzar

Crystal Ei Thinzar is an international and third-year clinical psychology Ph.D. student at UNC-Greensboro. Born and raised in Myanmar as a Chinese-Burmese individual, Crystal was exposed to different cultures and languages growing up. She naturally came to use different languages to express certain emotions and later realized that she communicates in ways that align with cultural values of the language that she was speaking in the moment, sparking her curiosity in how emotion and language may be interwoven. During her gap year working as a lab manager at UNC-Chapel Hill with Dr. Margaret Sheridan, she was first introduced to LENA ambulatory tool and became excited about studying everyday parent-child interactions. During her graduate studies with Dr. Megan Fields-Olivieri, she is focusing on characterizing dynamic parent-child emotion socialization and functional communication processes in daily life. Broadly, she is interested in the role of language in emotion regulation and identifying pathways to psychopathology with a focus on moment-to-moment parenting. An emerging research interest of hers is to explore everyday emotion-related language shifts as they relate to culturally salient parenting practices and child regulatory outcomes in bilingual immigrant families. Professionally, she is passionate about mentoring and raising mental health awareness in Asian community.

Sharnel Vale-Jones

Sharnel Vale-Jones, Yaagál, is Lingít (Alaska Native) from Yakutat, Alaska, belonging to Kwaashk’IKwáan (Raven, Humpy Salmon) Dis hítdaxáyáxat (Moon house). She is also the daughter of Teikweidí (Eagle, Brown Bear) and granddaughter of the Kaagwaantaan (Eagle, Beaver). Sharnel holds an M.S. in Clinical Psychology and is currently a PhD candidate at University of Alaska Anchorage’s Clinical-Community Psychology program. Prior to her graduate program, Sharnel dedicated nine years of her career to serving Alaska Native people in various capacities at the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, including networking, improvement science, rural energy efficiency, and tobacco prevention. As a Lingít/European American individual, Sharnel is passionate about merging the two perspectives and weaving Indigenous knowledge into Western scholarship. She firmly believes engaging in culturally responsive research is crucial for decolonizing knowledge production. Sharnel's research interests lie in intergenerational trauma and resiliency strategies for Alaska Native (AN) and Indigenous people. Her dissertation aims to explore culturally relevant resilience strategies in Yaakwdáat Lingít (Yakutat Tlingit) child-rearing. In particular, this study seeks to understand family-level resilience through adaptive processes such as family connectedness, belief systems, organizational patterns, communication, and problem-solving, asking the question: How do Yaakwdáat Lingít people perceive child-rearing practices contributing to resilience?

Jerny Walls

Jerny Walls is a doctoral student in the Educational Psychology department, specifically the Developmental Sciences division at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Jerny received her Bachelor of Science degree in Learning and Education Studies with a concentration in Educational Equality and Cultural Understanding from UIUC in 2022. During their undergraduate studies, Jerny joined the Gracia Lab, led by Dr. Nidia Ruedas-Gracia, which focuses on researching sense of belonging. From her experiences in this lab, Jerny became interested in identity belonging. Jerny continues their work in the Gracia Lab as a doctoral student. She is currently interested in the impact of public schools on intersectional identity belonging development, particularly with the experiences of Black girls. Jerny utilizes art-based storytelling methodologies, such as portraiture and photovoice to help guide their research studies. The goal of her research is to collaborate with public schools in order to develop programming and curriculum that supports the intersectional identities of their students in order to improve their sense of belonging to their various identities. Outside of their academics, Jerny enjoys volunteering in her local community, going for nature walks with friends, collecting earrings, and teaching her pet bunny, Choppa, new tricks.

Riana Anderson

Dr. Riana Elyse Anderson is a Fellow at the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University and on leave as an Associate Professor at Columbia University’s School of Social Work. She earned her PhD in Clinical and Community Psychology at the University of Virginia and completed a Clinical and Community Psychology Residency at Yale University's School of Medicine and a Fellowship in Applied Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. On the whole, Dr. Anderson aims to facilitate healing in Black families with practical applications of her research and clinical services, as well as through public engagement, teaching, mentorship, and policy recommendations. Dr. Anderson uses mixed methods to study discrimination and racial socialization in Black families and apply her findings to help families reduce their racial stress. She is particularly interested in how family-based interventions help to improve Black youth’s psychosocial well-being and health-related behaviors. Dr. Anderson is the developer and director of the EMBRace (Engaging, Managing, and Bonding through Race) intervention and CEO and Founder of RACE Space Inc., and loves to translate her work for a variety of audiences, particularly those whom she serves in the community, via blogs, video, and literary articles. Additionally, for her early career accomplishments, Dr. Anderson has been the recipient of over twenty awards, including national awards from SRA, SRCD, APS, and FABBS. Finally, Dr. Anderson was born in, raised for, and returned to Detroit and is becoming increasingly addicted to cake pops.

Stephen Chen

Dr. Stephen Chen is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Wellesley College. He completed his PhD in Clinical Psychology from UC Berkeley and his clinical internship and postdoctoral fellowship at UCSF. As director of the Culture and Family Development Lab, Dr. Chen's research examines how culture and family processes influence mental health and development across the lifespan. His current research projects examine (1) how Asian American parents and adolescents navigate issues of race, social status, and success, and (2) the interplay between multilingualism and emotion in the family context. At Wellesley, Dr. Chen has taught courses in Asian American Psychology, Cultural Psychology, and Culture & Emotion. Within SRCD, Dr. Chen currently serves on the Asian Caucus Steering Committee, and has served on SRCD’s Teaching Committee and the Program Committee for the SRCD Anti-Racist Summit.

Melissa Delgado

Dr. Melissa Y. Delgado (she/her/ella), Ph.D. is a second-generation immigrant from the Arizona borderlands, where she now resides and is entering empty nesting with her husband and mother as her second of two wonderful sons is entering college. Dr. Delgado is an Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in Human Development and Family Science at the University of Arizona’s Norton School of Human Ecology. She also co-chairs the Latinx Youth and Families Research Initiative at the UA Frances McClelland Institute for Children, Youth, and Families. Dr. Delgado earned her Ph.D. in Family Studies and Human Development from Arizona State University and was a W. T. Grant Foundation post-doctoral fellow. Her research addresses health and well-being disparities among Latinx youth, using cultural-ecological models to examine sociocultural stressors like ethnic discrimination and economic hardship. Her work highlights both protective and vulnerability factors within Latinx youth and their contexts, such as families and schools, to identify prevention and intervention opportunities. Employing mixed methods, she provides nuanced insights into the contextual processes affecting Latinx adolescents. Dr. Delgado is the Past Chair of the SRCD Latinx Caucus, a member of the SRCD Ethnic and Racial Issues Committee, and recently completed her term as Chair of the Society for Research on Adolescence Publications Committee. She is also an incoming SRCD Federal Executive Branch Fellow at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Perla Gámez

Dr. Perla B. Gámez is associate professor of psychology at Loyola University Chicago (LUC) and secretary for the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Latinx Caucus. She received a PhD from the University of Chicago and was a post-doctoral fellow at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Dr. Gámez leads a program of research focused on the language and literacy development of Latino children from homes in which English is not the only or primary language spoken (also referred to as bilinguals, dual language learners, English learners). Her current research examines how variations in the features of language that Latino children are exposed to at home and in school impact their language and literacy skills (Spanish, English). Her research has been funded by the William T. Grant Foundation and the National Science Foundation. She also received a National Academy of Education/Spencer Postdoctoral Fellowship and an Institute for Education Sciences Dissertation Year Fellowship. Currently, her work is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). As a result, she has been honored by a Master Researcher Award at LUC. Dr. Gámez’s commitment to mentoring is evidenced by her NIH Academic Research Enhancement Award (R15) and participation as a mentor in the SRCD Horowitz Early Career Scholar Program. Her teaching and mentoring have earned her the Sujack Award for Teaching Excellence at LUC.

Nada Goodrum

Dr. Nada Goodrum is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of South Carolina. She received her B.A. in psychology and international studies from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and her Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Georgia State University. She completed her predoctoral internship and postdoctoral fellowship at the Medical University of South Carolina. Her research investigates family- and community-level influences on youth well-being among families affected by major stressors. Her work currently centers on the impact of family stressors, such as trauma, HIV and other chronic illness, racism, financial strain, and parental substance use, on child health and parent-child relationships. She is interested in parents’ role in promoting child and adolescent health and preventing the intergenerational transmission of risk. The goal of her research is to promote health equity by using knowledge about risk and protective factors to guide the development of family-based, trauma-informed prevention and intervention efforts. Her research is primarily conducted among communities of color, and she strives to adopt a multicultural and social justice lens in her work. She is also a mother of two young children and enjoys coffee, baking, and houseplants.

Nneka Ibekwe-Okafor

Dr. Nneka Ibekwe-Okafor is an Assistant Professor of African and African Diaspora Studies, Early Childhood Education and Psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. Her research sits at the intersection of developmental science, early childhood education, and social policy. She investigates the social and environmental determinants of Black children’s early development by examining how poverty, racial discrimination, structural inequalities, and educational inequities influence access to quality early care and education and the developmental outcomes of Black children from birth to age eight. Her research has a particular focus on identifying protective factors across various ecological levels in efforts to promote the optimal developmental outcomes of Black children. Her goal is to inform social policies and practitioner-led interventions through the science of human development.

Nneka received a Ph.D. in Human Development and Quantitative Methods from the University of Pennsylvania, Graduate School of Education, an Ed.M. from Harvard University in Prevention Science Research, and a M.S.W. from Columbia University. In her undergraduate studies, Nneka majored in African American Studies and Sociology and was a NCAA Division I volleyball player at the University of California, Davis.

Dr. Alan Meca (él/he/him) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology in the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). He received his Ph.D. in Developmental Science from Florida International University in 2014 and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Miami. Broadly, his expertise is in identity development, acculturation, cultural stress, and positive youth development. Although his research has focused generally on identity development, most of his work has been on cultural identity development and acculturation among ethnic/racial minoritized youth, particularly among Hispanic/Latinx populations. Towards this end, his research agenda has focused on identity development and cultural stressors and their effects on health risk behaviors, mental health, and educational achievement. In pursuit of this research agenda, he has published over 80 peer-reviewed manuscripts focused on personal, ethnic/racial, and national identity and on the cultural dynamics among Hispanic/Latinx families. Currently, his research agenda is focused on refining measures of cultural identity, understanding the processes that govern how ethnic/racial minoritized youth navigate their cultural environment (e.g., code-switching, cultural frame switching), and identifying ways we can support youth experiencing cultural stressors such as discrimination, bicultural stress, and negative context of reception.

Jingjing Sun

Dr. Jingjing Sun is an Associate Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of Montana. Her research centers on supporting minoritized children’s cognitive, social, and emotional development with strengths-based approaches. Collaborating with community members and interdisciplinary colleagues in the U.S. and China, she investigates the impact of broader ecological systems, including culture, land, community, and tribal sovereignty, on children’s learning and social-emotional well-being. She also examines how to support teacher learning, well-being, and integration of discussion-based pedagogies through coaching and sustained professional development. Dr. Sun specializes in designing mixed-methods research to understand learning and development from different strands of data. Committed to supporting early-career scholars, she is excited to join the SRCD Towards 2044 program as a mentor again for the third year.

Adriana Weisleder

Dr. Adriana Weisleder is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Northwestern University. She completed a PhD in Psychology from Stanford University and a postdoctoral fellowship in pediatric primary care research at NYU School of Medicine. Her work investigates how children learn language across diverse sociocultural contexts, with a focus on Latine multilingual learners. In particular, her research aims to expand descriptions of early language development in children from immigrant and language minority homes by combining observational and experimental measures with community perspectives about what is normative language development. A key goal of this work is to contribute to building a more robust evidence base for understanding patterns of language development across diverse contexts, and to reduce inequities in access to culturally and linguistically responsive speech and language services. As a Costa Rican immigrant to the US, and a Spanish-English bilingual, she recognizes that immigrant communities are those most impacted by these issues and those who stand most to gain from this work. She uses community-based approaches to incorporate the views and priorities of minoritized communities, particularly Spanish-speaking Latine families. She is also strongly committed to mentoring the next generation of scholars.

Chenyi Zhang

Dr. Chenyi Zhang is an associate professor of Early Childhood and Elementary Education at Georgia State University. His research explores contextual, cognitive, and emotional factors influencing children's early literacy development, as well as early childhood educators' professional growth. As an early interventionist, he designs and evaluates classroom-based literacy intervention programs that support young children's literacy development and creates professional learning programs to enhance educators' teaching practices.

He collaborates internationally with scholars from Asian countries, such as China and Japan, to study cross-cultural differences in early literacy development and literacy instruction. Currently, Zhang is researching how young children develop an interest in writing and exploring cultural differences in teachers' writing instruction between China and the U.S. He also leads a research team investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young children's and parents' stress levels in the U.S. and China.

Zhang earned a Ph.D. in Human Development and Family Studies with a focus on developmental studies from Purdue University in 2013, and an M.S. in Human Development and Family Studies from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 2008.

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(PDF) A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Content may be subject to copyright. 1. 1 Introduction to A Research Agenda for. Economic Psychology. Katharina Gangl and Erich Kirchler. 1.1 Introduction. Economic psychology studies the ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology. Katharina Gangl, Erich Kirchler. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019 - Economics - 232 pages. This book presents state of the art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology. Internationally acknowledged experts and the next generation of younger researchers summarize the knowledge ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology (Elgar Research Agendas
Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology, this Research Agenda studies the fundamentals, perceptions and understanding of economic phenomena and behaviour. Internationally renowned experts as well as the next generation of researchers summarize the field and outline promising avenues of ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Chapters include fundamental as well as applied research topics such as the psychology of money, experience-based product design and the enhancement of financial capabilities. The book is targeted particularly towards researchers and advanced students looking to update their knowledge and refresh their thinking on future research developments.
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology. Elgar Research Agendas. Edited by Katharina Gangl, Competence Centre for Behavioral Economics, Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria and Erich Kirchler, University of Vienna, Austria. Publication Date: 2019 ISBN: 978 1 78811 605 3 Extent: 232. This book presents state of the art reviews on ...
Chapter 1: Introduction to A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Economic psychology studies the fundamentals of perception and understanding of economic phenomena and economic thought and behaviour. It is an interdisciplinary field of research, partly overlapping with behavioural economics and strongly related to socio-economics. Scholars in the field laid the foundations more than a century ago, studying work and organizational behaviour, consumer ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Elgar Research Agendasoutline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology, this Research Agendastudies the fundamentals, perceptions ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Downloadable! This book presents state of the art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology. Internationally acknowledged experts and the next generation of younger researchers summarize the knowledge in their fields and outline promising avenues of future research. Chapters include fundamental as well as applied research topics such as the psychology of money ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology. Edited by Katharina Gangl and Erich Kirchler. in Books from Edward Elgar Publishing. Abstract: This book presents state of the art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology. Internationally acknowledged experts and the next generation of younger researchers summarize the knowledge in their fields and outline promising ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary.Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology, this Research Agenda studies the fundamentals, perceptions ...
A research agenda for economic psychology.
This book presents state of the art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology. Internationally acknowledged experts and the next generation of younger researchers summarize the knowledge in their fields and outline promising avenues of future research. Chapters include fundamental as well as applied research topics such as the psychology of money, experience-based ...
Buy A Research Agenda For Economic Psychology Book at Easons
Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology, this Research Agenda studies the fundamentals, perceptions and understanding of economic phenomena and behaviour. Internationally renowned experts as well as the next generation of researchers summarize the field and outline promising avenues of ...
Index in: A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology Edited by. Katharina Gangl. and . Erich Kirchler. Monograph Book. Published: 26 Apr 2019 Print ISBN: 9781788116053 eISBN: 9781788116060 ...
A research agenda for economic psychology
A research agenda for economic psychology . Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel r...
Introduction to A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Downloadable! Economic psychology studies the fundamentals of perception and understanding of economic phenomena and economic thought and behaviour. It is an interdisciplinary field of research, partly overlapping with behavioural economics and strongly related to socio-economics. Scholars in the field laid the foundations more than a century ago, studying work and organizational behaviour ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology, this Research Agenda studies the fundamentals, perceptions and understanding of economic phenomena and behaviour. Internationally renowned experts as well as the next generation of researchers summarize the field and outline promising avenues of ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology, this Research Agenda studies the fundamentals, perceptions and understanding of economic phenomena and behaviour. Internationally renowned experts as well as the next generation of researchers summarize the field and outline promising avenues of ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology (Elgar Research Agendas
Buy A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology (Elgar Research Agendas) by Gangl, Katharina, Kirchler, Erich (ISBN: 9781788116053) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.
Introduction to A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology; Economic psychology studies the perception and understanding of economic phenomena, financial decision-making and behaviour, egoistic and altruistic mind-sets and cooperation, emotions and well-being (Van Raaij, 1981). The study of humans' economic mental representations and behaviour can be traced ...
A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
Buy A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology by Katharina Gangl, Erich Kirchler from Waterstones today! Click and Collect from your local Waterstones or get FREE UK delivery on orders over £25.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Statements in Recruitment Materials: A
Motivated by these findings and the resulting emerging issues, this work develops nine core research questions that offer a future research agenda and practical considerations for employers (see Table 7). It is anticipated that this agenda would help strengthen the use of DEI statements by validating their contextual applicability, authenticity ...
mixed-method analysis of the contribution of informal sport to public
INTRODUCTION. Community club-based sport is recognized as a valuable health promotion resource that can contribute to enhanced mental and physical health, social connection and social cohesion (Davies et al., 2021).Increasing participation in sport has been a long-term objective of Australian federal government policy, however, in recent years adult participation in club-based sport has ...
Contents in: A Research Agenda for Economic Psychology
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This article explores the concept of "immigrant consumption behavior (ICB)" in the context of its holistic surroundings. The study investigated the current dynamics and scientometrics of the research field regarding immigrant consumption behaviors. Using an integrative approach employing bibliometric and content analysis, it scrutinized a collection of 224 studies from the Web of Science ...
Announcing the 2024 Scholars and Mentors for the Towards 2044: Horowitz
Towards this end, his research agenda has focused on identity development and cultural stressors and their effects on health risk behaviors, mental health, and educational achievement. In pursuit of this research agenda, he has published over 80 peer-reviewed manuscripts focused on personal, ethnic/racial, and national identity and on the ...
Project 2025
Project 2025, also known as the Presidential Transition Project, is a collection of policy proposals to fundamentally reshape the U.S. federal government in the event of a Republican victory in the 2024 U.S. presidential election. Established in 2022, the project aims to recruit tens of thousands of conservatives to the District of Columbia to replace existing federal civil servants—whom ...
Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state
We propose an agenda for future research, including improved characterization of the situations in which masking should be recommended or mandated; attention to comfort and acceptability; generalized and disability-focused communication support in settings where masks are worn; and development and testing of novel materials and designs for ...
PDF Characteristics of a Rubber Stamp Board: The Curious Case of Enron
The Social Psychology of Gullibility: Fake News, Conspiracy Theories, and Irrational Beliefs, Routledge, Joseph P. Forgas and Roy F. Baumeister (editors), New York: 1-18. Gales, Lawrence M., and Idalene F. Kesner. 1994. An Analysis of the Board of Director Size and Composition in Bankrupt Organizations. Journal of Business Research 30(3): 271-282.

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A mixed-method analysis of the contribution of informal sport to public health in Australia

Physical activity, sport and health promotion

Informal sport and health promotion

Defining informal sport in the context of the study

Study design

Observation data

Economic analysis of observational data

Social connection data collection

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Observation of informal sport: key findings

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Social and mental health benefits of informal sport

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Table of Contents

Announcing the 2024 Scholars and Mentors for the Towards 2044: Horowitz Early Career Scholar Program

Krystal Alvarez-Hernandez

Peter Dossen

Joseph Green

Christina Griep

Javier Omar

Crystal Thinzar

Sharnel Vale-Jones

Jerny Walls

Riana Anderson

Stephen Chen

Melissa Delgado

Perla Gámez

Nada Goodrum

Nneka Ibekwe-Okafor

Jingjing Sun

Adriana Weisleder

Chenyi Zhang

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