how to do good impromptu speech

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How to Give a Great Impromptu Speech

Last Updated: March 19, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Lynn Kirkham . Lynn Kirkham is a Professional Public Speaker and Founder of Yes You Can Speak, a San Francisco Bay Area-based public speaking educational business empowering thousands of professionals to take command of whatever stage they've been given - from job interviews, boardroom talks to TEDx and large conference platforms. Lynn was chosen as the official TEDx Berkeley speaker coach for the last four years and has worked with executives at Google, Facebook, Intuit, Genentech, Intel, VMware, and others. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 408,417 times.

Most speeches are the result of careful planning, revision and practice. There may be times, however, when a situation demands that you give an impromptu speech with little or no time to prepare. When you find yourself in an unexpected public speaking scenario, you’ll be improvising what you say, which means you’ll have to be able to think on your feet. Following a basic structure, pacing yourself and staying composed will help you deliver an oration you can be proud of, or at least survive with minimal embarrassment.

Setting Up an Unexpected Speech

• Most of the time when you’re giving an impromptu speech, you’ll be singled out to say a few words on the spot. Since you’ll only have a few moments, preparing yourself is more about getting yourself in the right state of mind than it is knowing exactly what you’re going to say.
• If you really need to milk it, you can buy yourself some extra time by shaking hands, exchanging pleasantries or adjusting the microphone stand before speaking.

• Assume that everyone around you wants to see you succeed. This will help put you at ease. Expecting yourself to fail will only destroy your composure and make you more fearful of your audience.
• Confront the reality of your situation to avoid being blindsided by panic. Accept that you have to give a speech and then focus all your resources on giving a good one.

• Oftentimes, the more confident you make yourself appear, the more confident you’ll feel.
• Relax! Speaking in front of a crowd is not that big a deal. Even if you make a mistake, it’s not the end of the world.

• Don’t just jump right into the main idea of your speech. Test the waters by getting used to speaking and sharing a little about yourself first.

Delivering an Effective Speech

• Use simple sentences that follow a logical progression and enunciate your words carefully to keep yourself from getting tongue-tied.
• Slowing yourself down a little will give your mind time to catch up and formulate new ideas.

• Two minutes will fly by once you start speaking. Despite your reservations about being put on the spot, you may actually find it harder to give a short speech than a long one.

• A good way to give your speech a solid beginning, middle and end is to present details chronologically. For example start with “when I first became friends with John, he…”, follow that up with “now that we’re coworkers, we have more fun than ever…” and conclude with “I have no doubt that the future of our friendship will be just as entertaining.”
• When describing personal experiences, avoid sharing opinions on irrelevant controversial subjects.

• Humor is a great icebreaker and also makes it easier to hold your audience’s attention.
• Be sure any jokes you make are suitable for the age and demographic of your audience, as well as the occasion itself.

Ending on a High Note

• As with the rest of your speech, keep your conclusion brief. It’s alright to sign off with a simple “thank you for your time” or “let’s hear it for the newlyweds.”

• If you’re planning on making a specific request or appeal, as for a business conference, the end of your speech is the proper time to do it.
• The conclusion is the perfect occasion to come out with something especially heartfelt. Emotions will run high and the crowd will be moved by your sentiments.

• You don’t have to thank every important figure at the event individually. A general expression of gratitude is all that’s needed.
• Be clear who you’re supposed to hand the microphone or floor off to so that you don’t end your speech by looking around in confusion. [11] X Research source

• Impromptu speeches are mostly appraised by the willingness of the speaker to rise to the occasion. There’s no sense in being too critical of your performance since you’ll have had no time to work on it beforehand.

Expert Q&A

• Practice for unexpected speaking scenarios by volunteering to give impromptu speeches at casual events. Thanks Helpful 16 Not Helpful 2
• If you're using a microphone, stay within optimal range for your voice to be amplified. Don't move the microphone too close or too far away from your mouth. Thanks Helpful 14 Not Helpful 2
• While brainstorming, quickly come up with three or four main points to cover. Thanks Helpful 18 Not Helpful 4

• Steer clear of subjects you don't know much about. Thanks Helpful 13 Not Helpful 2
• Be careful not to offend your audience. Not only is it bad form and will make your speech be perceived as a failure, it could actually harm your standing among your acquaintances. Thanks Helpful 12 Not Helpful 3
• Take a moment to get your appearance in order before presenting yourself. Steal a quick glance in the mirror or have a trusted friend tell you if your hair is a mess, your shirt is untucked, you have food stuck in your teeth, etc. Thanks Helpful 10 Not Helpful 3
• Don't use generic, pre-written speeches pulled from the internet or oration guidebooks. These can easily come off as stilted and inorganic. Your audience will be able to tell if you're simply going through the motions. Thanks Helpful 9 Not Helpful 4

You Might Also Like

• ↑ Lynn Kirkham. Public Speaking Coach. Expert Interview. 20 November 2019.
• ↑ http://wittcom.com/how-to-develop-confidence-speaking/
• ↑ http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/how-to-impromptu-speech/
• ↑ http://www.askmen.com/money/body_and_mind_150/192b_better_living.html
• ↑ http://www.write-out-loud.com/how-to-use-humor-effectively.html
• ↑ https://speakingwithoutnet.wordpress.com/2012/02/08/ending-on-a-high-note-the-last-sentence/
• ↑ https://www.workingvoices.com/insights/presenting-how-to-react-when-you-make-a-mistake/

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15 Best Impromptu Speech Tips (With Examples)

An impromptu speech is often the scariest type of speech you can make because you don’t get to prepare or predetermine what you’re going to say.

The speaker only gets a topic given in the form of a quotation, object, or proverb, and they have to do their best to deliver long-awaited answers.

Impromptu speech doesn’t have to be a full speech on its own. It can be a combination of answers to short quotations or terms provided during interviews or live discussions broadcast on the television.

While you can’t prepare yourself for the impromptu speech since you might not have any idea what you’ll be asked, you can still work on improving your speech and dialog with the help of the tips below!

I have also listed some great examples of impromptu speeches to give you an idea of what I am talking about.

Also Read : Common Weaknesses List & Examples

15 Best Impromptu Speech Tips

These 15 tips will let you know exactly how to behave during an impromptu speech, how to know what and when to say, and how to guide your speech without having too many pauses or breaks in between.

1. Hold it Together (Be Confident)

Impromptu speeches might happen suddenly for many reasons, and often, you might find yourself in front of the audience without even agreeing to it.

No matter what happens during the speech, you have to assure yourself that you’ll be alright. This means you should look up, never avoid eye contact, and breathe deeply. Thinking about something positive is a confidence boost you might need to get through the speech.

2. Focus on Your Audience

When you’re starting your impromptu speech, keep in mind that you’re not going against the audience, yet the audience will be on your side.

Therefore, you should work with the audience and focus your speech around something positive and helpful to the audience.

The goal is to have the audience listen and understand what you’re saying in your impromptu speech but also respond to the things you’re saying. Being confident in front of the audience is one thing you should do, while the other is to focus on the audience and plan a structure you’ll learn in the next tip.

3. Plan a Structure

Even though you might not be prepared for a speech, you will still be able to quickly develop a speech structure in your head as soon as you hear the topic, question, or object you’re given to talk about.

Every speech structure should include three steps and the speech can be structured around almost anything. The most popular structures are:

• Past/present/future
• Cause/effect/remedy
• Before/the event/the result

Think of the structure as a guideline of your speech that will help you get from start to finish as smoothly as possible. Another thing to keep in mind is that you can tell your structure/plan to your audience so they can easily keep up with your speech and know what to expect from it.

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4. Don’t Ramble

When you come up with a quick structure for your impromptu speech, you’re left to deliver the speech, but one thing you should keep in mind is not to ramble.

Rambling won’t get you anywhere; you’ll feel unease, and your audience won’t follow your speech easily.

Instead, it would help if you stuck to the “less is more” saying, stick to the target, and keep things short and to the point.

With a proper structure plan, you’ll have three key points (no matter what they are), so by splitting your speech into three sections, you’ll be able to judge how much time you should spend talking about each section.

5. Stand Out

Many try to stand out by actions, gestures, and confidence during their impromptu speech. While this is also important, there’s something even more important.

The first and the last sentence are the most memorable. It’s all about the primacy and recency, and most of the audience will most likely remember the first and the last thing you say.

Therefore, starting and finishing with powerful sentences that go well with your given topic and are linked to the message you deliver in the speech is super important as it will have the biggest impact if properly executed.

6. Talk as if You Were Talking to a Friend

Talking in front of the audience can be scary, but without preparation, talking in front of the audience can be even scarier.

Instead of feeling the pressure, feeling uncomfortable, or sweating buckets, you should go on with your impromptu speech as if you were talking to a group of friends.

You don’t have to fake anything, as the audience will see right through it. Instead, be yourself and try to do your best as this will always provide a better result.

Also Read : Best Executive Summary Examples

7. Tell a Relevant Story to Personalize Your Speech

The great thing about impromptu speeches is that they can go in your favor. If you don’t know what to talk about or what to include in your speech, here’s one tip that can help change the way you do your speech.

Try to think of a personal story that will be relevant to the subject of your impromptu speech. This will give you a topic to talk about, you won’t have to do any research or try to come up with facts that you will have to somehow back up, and your audience will love a personal story.

Personal stories are always easier to follow, and they’ll always go down well with any audience. Another piece of advice is to include a personal story in the middle section of your speech, but you can place it somewhere near the beginning of the speech.

8. Pay Attention to Your Voice Tone

When you take care of everything else before the speech and during the speech itself, many speakers forget to think of the voice tone.

There’s not much to overthink and you should speak slowly. Rushing might get you near the end sooner, but your speech won’t be a smooth ride.

Instead, take your time, focus on your breathing, rely on pauses, and have an impact while you deliver the key parts of the speech.

9. Make Sure to Follow Your Speech with Confident Actions

Confident actions are the most powerful body language actions that are not hard to get right, yet you might have to remind yourself to be “presentable”.

Standing tall on both your feet, not slouching over, keeping eye contact, using hand gestures, and avoiding fiddling are some of the things that will make you look confident.

Such confident actions will go well with your speech structure, confident voice tone, and relaxed, personalized speech.

Learning a couple of hand gestures will also put you at ease as you won’t have to wonder what to do with your hands during the speech.

10. Don’t Aim for Perfection

Every speaker wishes for their speech to be perfect, but an impromptu speech is the worst time to expect a perfect speech from yourself.

Therefore, it’s okay to lower the bar and focus on the execution and let the main goal be the smooth flow.

Setting the bar too high will only put you under pressure. In reality, most impromptu speeches happen due to unpredicted reasons, so if you’re put under the spotlight unwillingly and unprepared, the audience will notice, and they’ll understand, so there’s nothing to be afraid of.

Explore : Goal vs Objective – Difference & Examples

11. Practice Beforehand

You might not ever be prepared for a specific impromptu speech, but if you’ve been put into the spotlight once, you can be put under the spotlight again.

What you can do is practice quickly coming up with a speech structure on any given topic. Even if you have only a couple of minutes, you can develop a quick and concise structure and rehearse it in your head or in front of a mirror before you go in front of the audience.

And if you have a couple of hours, you can do a lot of practicing and even go through all these tips and be fully ready, no matter what the audience throws at you.

12. Use Humor to Break the Ice

No matter what the speech is about, you can always add a bit of humor to it. Don’t overdo it, but even a tiny bit of humor can help you make a better connection with your audience, ensure they pay attention to what you’re saying, and that they’re intrigued to hear what’s next.

Followed with a personalized story, you’ll have the audience hooked up until the end of the speech.

Of course, humor should come naturally, and you shouldn’t do it if you feel like you have to force it. But keep in mind that humor can be a great ice breaker, so it’s never a bad idea to keep it as a “secret weapon”.

13. The Meaningful Pause

Unfortunately, you’ll likely feel stuck or not know what to say next during your impromptu speech.

Just the thought of this can paralyze many speakers who are put under the spotlight. However, there’s a quick tip you can use to turn the block in your head into an advantage.

Instead of worrying if your audience noticed, try to “fake” a meaningful pause whenever you’re feeling stuck. During this pause, you can relax, and sooner than you know it, you will think of something.

The best thing is, your audience will never notice that “something’s wrong”, and yet this will also give them a breather and help them continue following your speech.

14. Keep Things Short

Less is more, and during impromptu speeches that can go extremely wrong, it’s better to cut your speech short and yet deliver everything you believe is valuable to the audience.

In other words, it’s better to regret not saying something than to say too much and then be on the spot from where you can’t turn back.

Also, keeping things short will help you stay in control of your impromptu speech and even look a lot more confident during your performance!

15. Try Turning the Impromptu Speech into Q&A Session

Since most impromptu speeches happen unexpectedly, not only will you have to come up with something from nothing, but you’ll also have to give the audience something you’re looking for.

Therefore, depending on the setting of your speech, you might try and turn your impromptu speech into a Q&A session, just like the journalistic interview type.

This will help you think less about what your whole speech will look like and focus on things the audience asks you in pieces.

You’ll still have full control over the answer, so turning a speech into a Q&A session is never a bad idea.

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Best Impromptu Speech Examples

We’ll now take a look at some of the best examples of impromptu speeches to draw inspiration from.

University of Kentucky – Speech and Debate Team

In this impromptu speech example, the speaker only took two minutes for a quick structure plan from where she was put under the spotlight straight away.

A great start with a personalized story that leads straight into the argument. During the argument, clear signs of uncertainty are visible, but the speaker did well by slowing the speech down and taking a couple of very short meaningful pauses.

Prepared with examples which is a bonus, the speaker went through her speech structure with ease. There were moments where the speaker was nervous, but she kept it well together and even seemed confident in her speech at times.

Use gestures, confident actions, eye contact with the audience, and all other positive things you can learn from the tips above.

Closing the speech without any rumbling and getting the point straight across to the audience is a memorable way to end the speech, which is why this is one of many perfect examples of an impromptu speech.

Interesting Post : Popular Digital Marketing Quotes

Chris Gurrie Impromptu Speech Example

This is a short yet educative impromptu speech example where the speaker, Chris Gurrie, gets assigned a random topic by the audience and then guides the viewers of this video on how to plan a perfect impromptu speech structure.

While you would usually have around two minutes for the planning and practice process, Chris does it in about 30 seconds.

Chris starts his impromptu speech with many questions that come from a personalized story that then leads into the main topic of the speech.

What Chris also does is focuses on his audience and he shares his planned structure.

Chris’s impromptu speech is full of valuable information the audience might not have been aware of, which then ties to things on a larger scale. Even though Chris only took 30 seconds to work on the speech plan, he looks very relaxed, confident, with a strong game right until the end of the speech.

What’s interesting enough is that if you didn’t know this was an impromptu speech, you might not even know. Therefore, this is a perfect example of how good you can get at impromptu speeches without knowing the subject beforehand.

Toastmaster International – Impromptu Speaking

If you prefer learning from a video example, this four-minute video is everything you’ll need to gain the confidence to do an impromptu speech.

In this example, you’ll learn opportunities where impromptu speaking might be required. Of course, all of the opportunities are the ones where you don’t have much time to prepare.

However, with the techniques covered in this example video, you’ll learn how to manage last-minute speeches.

Lastly, the video will teach you all the benefits of holding impromptu speeches.

Even though this is an educational-type video, if you have a better look, you would notice that this whole video is less than five minutes long, and it’s scripted in a way to serve as yet another impromptu speech example.

Therefore, as you learn how to perform an impromptu speech, you’re watching an impromptu speech which is a brilliant idea.

Preparing yourself for an impromptu speech is only half the job, so in this video, you also learn how to deliver your impromptu speech with more useful tips.

Impromptu Speech Example: Thesis-Point-Story Format

Planning a structure for your impromptu speech is super important. The thing about the structure is that you can develop any three- or four-step process that will get you through the speech.

This video is a perfect example of a thesis-point-story format where Chris, the speaker, gets assigned a random topic from where he creates the thesis-point structure, shares it with the students, and gets down to the speech itself.

With word play, Chris slowly introduces the topic to the audience, and while he speaks to his students as his friends, he is getting down to the story’s main point.

As Chris goes through his impromptu speech, you can also notice that he asks the audience plenty of questions, and by answering his questions, he is slowly revealing the whole story behind the point of his impromptu speech.

Even though this example might be a bit complicated to understand, you can also learn from Chris’s body language, how he speaks, and how he controls his speech as he’s a highly skilled impromptu speaker.

Angel Anderson – Impromptu Speech Example

In this four-minute impromptu speech example video, Angel Anderson teaches you exactly what impromptu speaking is, how to practice it, and even shows an example full of important tips that can help you develop the same skills.

Angel uses a question-style topic, after which he sets the timer for two minutes for his impromptu speech.

With this type of question, Angel starts his impromptu speech with a personal story that gets interesting, which ensures that the audience follows him.

Not only did Angel answer a question, but he also shared an anecdotal story, and even then, he shared some more information connected to this story.

By far, Angel’s video is not the perfect impromptu speech, but it’s a real example of how easily you can work on your impromptu speech, practice, and learn as you progress.

Of course, this example is ideal for all interview-type impromptu speeches, which can be as hard as the topic-type speeches.

Impromptu speech can seem scary at first, but with plenty of preparation and practice, you will be able to speak on any topic without much preparation.

These 15 tips are everything you’ll need to start, develop, and finish your impromptu speech while being confident both verbally and nonverbally.

On top of that, these five examples show you how impromptu speech is done first-hand. Remember that you shouldn’t aim for perfection, but even tiny improvements are a good step forward to achieving a decent impromptu speech.

Tom loves to write on technology, e-commerce & internet marketing. I started my first e-commerce company in college, designing and selling t-shirts for my campus bar crawl using print-on-demand. Having successfully established multiple 6 & 7-figure e-commerce businesses (in women’s fashion and hiking gear), I think I can share a tip or 2 to help you succeed.

How to Give an Impromptu Speech

No Time to Prepare? Don't Despair

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An impromptu speech is a speech that you have to make without much or any time to prepare. In life, this can happen when you attend special events, like weddings or celebrations. In school, teachers use impromptu speeches as  homework assignments to help you develop communication skills and to help you prepare for those future life surprises.

While this may seem like a cruel trick from a student's point of view, it actually builds confidence and is great preparation for life.

Rarely will you be asked to stand and deliver a speech with no warning and no time to organize your thoughts. This would be unusual in the classroom unless the teacher is attempting to make a point about the importance of preparedness.

At some point in your life, however, you may be asked to speak without notice. There are a few things you can do to avoid panic and embarrassment.

• Grab a pen and a piece of paper. If you have a few moments before your speech is expected to begin, grab a writing utensil and something to write on, whether it's a napkin, envelope, or the back of a receipt you have on hand, and jot down a few thoughts .
• Highlight a few interesting or significant points.  Keep in mind, your impromptu speech doesn't have to be long. A little-known fact about effective speeches is that if you start with a good line and then end with a really great punch, the speech will be perceived as a total success. So the beginning and ending markers are critical. The middle portion of your speech should relate to the event you're attending or the class assignment, but if you have to choose one great moment, your ending line is particularly important. If you can walk away gracefully, your speech will be a hit, so keep your big zinger for last.
• Try to memorize key points. If you have time before your speech, create an outline of the major themes or points and commit it to memory with a memorization trick, like an acronym. Don't try to remember the entire speech in detail like this; just remember important points.
• Hijack the topic.  There is an old trick that politicians use when they're being interviewed on TV, and once you realize this, you can use it yourself. They think of questions ahead of time (or topics to discuss), prepare some talking points, and talk about those, despite the topic or question they're given. This is a handy trick when you're facing a hard question or asked to discuss a topic with which you're unfamiliar.
• Remember you're in charge of this time.  Your goal is to deliver a one-sided conversation, off the cuff, so you are in complete control. Relax and make it your own. If you want to make this a funny story about your pesky little brother who always bothers you during homework time, then do it. Everyone will applaud your effort.
• Feel free to acknowledge that you have not prepared for a speech. If you are speaking in front of friends or family, it may ease your nervousness to express your lack of preparation. This should not be an attempt to garner pity, but rather a way to put yourself and your audience at ease. Then, take a deep breath before you begin speaking. Zone out the audience or choose someone specific to focus on, whichever makes you more comfortable.
• Begin with your introductory sentence, elaborate, then start working your way to your ending sentence.  Fill in the middle space with as many points as you can, elaborating on each one as you go. Just concentrate on the zinger you've reserved for the end.
• As you deliver your speech, concentrate on diction and tone.  If you are thinking about this, you won't be thinking about the eyes watching you. Your mind can't think about too many things at once, so think about breathing, enunciating your words, and controlling your tone, and you'll maintain more control.

What to Do If You Draw a Blank

If you suddenly lose your train of thought or draw a complete blank, there are a few you can do to keep from panicking.

• Pretend you're pausing on purpose. Walk back and forth slowly, as if you're letting your last point sink in.
• There is always a jokester or friendly person who will stand out in the crowd. Make eye contact and try to draw a response from him or her while you think.
• If you need more time to think, you may want to ask the audience a question. Have a few prepared ahead, like "Do you have any questions," or "Can everyone hear me okay?"
• If you still can't remember what you were going to say, make up a reason to pause the speech. You can say, "I'm sorry, but my throat is very dry. Can I please get a glass of water?" Someone will go to get you a drink, and you will have time to think of two or three points to talk about.

If these tricks don't appeal to you, think of your own. The goal is to have something ready for every possible scenario ahead of time. If you know you may be asked to give an impromptu speech soon, try going through the entire preparation process with a few common speech topics .

When caught off guard, many people can suffer extreme anxiety about speaking off the cuff. That's why the best speakers are always prepared.

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Understanding Impromptu Speech Patterns: Techniques and Examples

The thought of giving a speech without any prep used to send chills down my spine, and trust me, I wasn’t alone in feeling this way. After tackling my own fears head-on and exploring strategies for mastering impromptu speaking, I decided it was time to share what I’ve learned.

This blog is packed with techniques and examples aimed at turning those nerve-wracking, spontaneous speeches into moments where you truly shine . Prepare to impress yourself!

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

• An impromptu speech is a talk you give without planning ahead. You have to think fast and speak well right away.
• Using methods like PREP (Point, Reason, Example, Point) or STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Result) helps organize your thoughts quickly for clear speeches.
• Practicing with different topics improves your quick thinking skills . Joining groups like Toastmasters can offer support and feedback to boost confidence in speaking on the spot.
• Reframing a topic lets you present familiar ideas in new ways which can make your spontaneous speeches more engaging for the audience.
• Giving impromptu speeches gets easier with practice. Start by answering questions off-the-cuff or giving mini-speeches during meetings to build up your skill.

What is an Impromptu Speech?

An impromptu speech is a talk without prior planning. It requires thinking on your feet and delivering information confidently to an audience, often with little or no preparation.

An impromptu speech is one you give without much or any time to prepare. You might know a little about the topic beforehand, but you have to come up with what you’re going to say on the spot.

This type of speech tests your ability to think quickly and speak fluently in unexpected situations. They show how well you can connect with an audience spontaneously, using only your knowledge and skills on the fly.

The beauty of impromptu speaking lies in its unpredictability and raw authenticity.

Understanding why these speeches matter helps us appreciate their role in everyday communication , from classroom discussions to business meetings. It’s all about making a strong impression with whatever information you have at hand.

Now let’s look into some effective techniques for delivering impromptu speeches that can help anyone get better at this valuable skill.

When it comes to public speaking , understanding impromptu speech patterns is key. It underpins the ability to think on your feet and communicate effectively in unexpected situations.

So, practicing impromptu speaking skills is essential for becoming more confident and proficient in delivering off-the-cuff speeches .

Techniques for Delivering an Impromptu Speech

1. Use the PREP Method for structured speaking .

2. Apply the STAR Method to organize your thoughts effectively.

PREP Method (Point, Reason, Example, Point)

When delivering an impromptu speech , the PREP method can be extremely helpful. It helps me structure my thoughts and deliver a coherent speech even when put on the spot. Here’s how the method works:

• Point : Start by clearly stating the main point or message of your speech.
• Reason : Provide a reason or explanation that supports your main point, ensuring that it is logical and easy to understand.
• Example : Illustrate your point with an example or anecdote that reinforces your reason and engages the audience.
• Point : End by reiterating your main point, reinforcing its importance and leaving a lasting impression.

Using the PREP method allows me to quickly organize my thoughts and speak confidently in unexpected situations.

STAR Method (Situation, Task, Action, Result)

When delivering an impromptu speech, it’s essential to have a structured approach . The STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) can be a helpful framework for organizing your thoughts and delivering a coherent speech :

• Situation : Begin by setting the stage and providing the context for your speech. Clearly outline the situation that you are addressing to provide a foundation for your audience.
• Task : Define the specific task or challenge that needs to be addressed within the given situation. This helps focus your speech on the key objective that needs to be accomplished.
• Action : Describe the actions taken or proposed solutions to address the task at hand. Discuss how you approached the situation and what steps were taken to overcome challenges.
• Result : Conclude by presenting the results of the actions taken, emphasizing any positive outcomes or lessons learned from the experience.

Organizing your impromptu speech using the STAR method can help you communicate effectively and ensure that your message is clear and coherent.

Moving forward, let’s delve into examples of impromptu speech patterns to enhance our understanding further.

Pros, Cons, Recommendation

When delivering an impromptu speech, it’s essential to be aware of the advantages, drawbacks, and suggestions to enhance your performance. Let’s explore the benefits, drawbacks, and recommendations for impromptu speaking:

• Provides opportunities to think on your feet and develop quick thinking skills .
• Allows for flexibility and adaptability in unexpected situations.
• Enhances public speaking confidence by honing spontaneous communication skills.
• Demonstrates versatility and competence in handling unforeseen speaking engagements.
• May lead to potential anxiety or nervousness due to lack of preparation time.
• Limited time for organizing thoughts can sometimes result in less structured delivery.
• The absence of thorough research may lead to limited depth of content .
• Recommendation :
• Embrace practice scenarios to build confidence and refine impromptu speaking skills.
• Prepare a mental framework for structuring speeches when faced with unanticipated topics.
• Seek constructive feedback from peers or mentors to improve impromptu speech abilities.

Enhancing impromptu speaking skills through consistent practice and preparedness can significantly elevate your overall public speaking proficiency. With this in mind, let’s delve into the impactful techniques for delivering an impromptu speech.

Reframing a Topic

When it comes to reframing a topic, it’s important to shift perspectives and adapt quickly . This technique allows for easier navigation through speech topics and enhances the delivery of impromptu speeches.

As I’ve experienced, taking familiar information and presenting it in a fresh way can engage the audience more effectively. For instance, applying current events or personal experiences can provide new angles to an impromptu speech topic .

Reframing a topic breathes new life into the content, making it more relatable and intriguing for both speakers and listeners alike. This adaptable approach has been instrumental in my growth as a public speaker, allowing me to confidently handle unforeseen speaking situations with ease”.

Examples of Impromptu Speech Patterns

Examples of Impromptu Speech Patterns include past, present, future; problem, solution; pros and cons, positives and negatives; cause, effect, remedy; local, national, international.

For more details on these patterns and techniques for delivering impromptu speeches, visit our blog!

Past, Present, Future

I used the past, shared a reality in the present, and captured what’s coming up soon. Here are more examples for your understanding:

• In the past, I struggled with public speaking , especially during my college years. But I joined Toastmasters International and started practicing impromptu speeches .
• Presently, I am confident in delivering impromptu speeches due to regular practice and learning different techniques .
• Looking forward, I aim to continue improving my impromptu speaking skills by exploring new topics and engaging with diverse audiences .

Overall, integrating the past, present, and future can help make your impromptu speech more engaging and relatable to your audience.

Remember to stay confident and keep practicing!

Problem, Solution

When presenting a problem-solution speech, make sure to clearly define the issue at hand and offer a feasible resolution. Here are some examples of how this can be achieved:

• Clearly State the Problem : Begin by articulating the specific issue or challenge that needs to be addressed. Use concrete examples or statistics to illustrate the significance of the problem.
• Propose a Viable Solution : After identifying the problem, propose a practical solution that addresses the root cause. Offer step-by-step actions that can be taken to implement the solution effectively.
• Support with Evidence : Back up your proposed solution with evidence or examples that demonstrate its effectiveness. This could include case studies, success stories, or expert opinions.
• Anticipate Counterarguments : Acknowledge potential counterarguments and address them proactively in your speech. This demonstrates thorough consideration of different perspectives.
• Engage the Audience : Encourage audience participation by posing questions related to the problem and inviting them to share their thoughts on potential solutions.
• Conclude with a Call to Action : End your speech by motivating your audience to take action towards implementing the proposed solution, emphasizing their role in making positive change happen.

Remember, public speaking is about being relatable and engaging – don’t be afraid to inject some personality into your delivery!

Pros and Cons, Positives and Negatives

When delivering an impromptu speech, examining both the pros and cons, along with the positives and negatives of a situation, can help in providing a balanced perspective. Here are some detailed explanations of each:

• Pros and Cons : Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of a topic allows for a comprehensive evaluation, offering insights into different aspects while presenting a well-rounded view.
• Positives and Negatives : Highlighting the positive elements and potential drawbacks sheds light on the favorable aspects as well as areas that may require attention or improvement.
• Addressing both sides : Acknowledging both the positives and negatives demonstrates an understanding of various viewpoints, contributing to a more thorough discussion.
• Balanced approach : Weighing the pros against the cons and the positives against the negatives promotes fairness in assessing a subject, yielding a more informed perspective.
• Engagement with audience : Delving into both sides encourages audience involvement by prompting consideration of different angles, fostering active listening and thoughtful participation.

Understanding how to present both sides effectively ensures that one can engage listeners while delivering an impromptu speech confidently.

Cause, Effect, Remedy

When delivering an impromptu speech, using the cause, effect, and remedy structure helps in providing a clear understanding . Here’s how this structured speech outline works:

• Cause : Start by identifying the root cause of the issue or situation you are addressing. Clearly state what led to the problem or scenario at hand.
• Effect : Explain the consequences or impact that resulted from the cause. Elaborate on how the identified cause has influenced or affected different aspects.
• Remedy : Provide a solution or course of action to address the cause and minimize its effects. Offer practical steps to resolve or improve the situation based on your analysis.

Using these three elements offers a structured approach for impromptu speaking , ensuring your audience can follow your points clearly while building confidence in your speaking ability.

Local, National, International

When crafting an impromptu speech, it’s useful to consider various scopes like local, national, or international . These perspectives can help tailor the speech to different audiences and contexts.

• Local : Addressing topics related to your immediate community can resonate strongly with the audience. Examples include local events, issues, or initiatives that directly impact people in your area.
• National : Delve into broader topics that affect the entire country, such as political developments, social trends, or national holidays . This can foster a sense of shared understanding among the audience.
• International : Explore global issues and events that have far-reaching implications beyond national borders. Discussing international relations, cross-cultural dynamics, or global challenges can broaden the audience’s perspective.

Considering these diverse scopes allows for a well-rounded impromptu speech that connects with various audiences on different levels and scales.

Concluding this section leads us to explore effective tips for practicing impromptu speaking.

Tips for Practicing Impromptu Speaking

Practice with a variety of topics; use online resources, attend Toastmasters meetings, focus on speaking confidently and coherently, and remember to thank the audience. To learn more about improving your impromptu speaking skills, read the full blog post.

Practice with different topics

To improve impromptu speaking skills, I recommend practicing with various topics. This will help build confidence and versatility in handling different subjects on the spot. Personally, when I started my public speaking journey, I found that practicing diverse topics allowed me to adapt quickly and think on my feet during impromptu speeches.

It’s essential for beginners to explore a wide range of subjects as it expands their knowledge base and prepares them for unexpected speaking situations , ultimately enhancing their overall communication skills .

Moving forward, let’s delve into the techniques for delivering an impromptu speech.

Utilize online resources

When it comes to improving impromptu speaking skills, utilizing online resources is essential. I remember when I started my journey to becoming a confident speaker, online resources were invaluable.

There are numerous websites and videos offering tips on impromptu speaking, sample speeches , and interactive tools for practicing spontaneous speaking. These platforms provide tailored guidance towards mastering the art of impromptu speaking.

Additionally, online communities such as public speaking forums and social media groups offer opportunities to connect with like-minded individuals for peer support and feedback on impromptu speeches.

Attend a Toastmasters meeting

I attended a Toastmasters meeting at my local club. It was an excellent opportunity to practice impromptu speaking in a supportive environment . I received constructive feedback and learned from experienced speakers.

This helped me gain confidence and improve my public speaking skills.

Focus on speaking confidently and coherently

As a member of Toastmasters, I’ve learned that practicing impromptu speaking can significantly improve your confidence and coherence. One way to do this is by participating in impromptu speaking sessions during club meetings.

This will help you get comfortable thinking on your feet and articulating your thoughts clearly without prior planning. Additionally, you can also practice impromptu speaking with friends or family by discussing random topics and expressing your ideas confidently.

By doing so, you’ll become more comfortable with the unpredictability of impromptu speaking and develop the ability to speak coherently under pressure.

Moreover, when delivering an impromptu speech, it’s crucial to maintain eye contact with the audience and use gestures to emphasize key points. This not only enhances your confidence but also ensures that your message is communicated clearly and effectively.

Thank the audience.

– Focus on speaking confidently and coherently . Now, as we wrap up, I want to express my gratitude for your attention and engagement . Thank you for being a part of this learning journey !

As I wrap up this discussion, it’s clear that mastering impromptu speech is both an art and science. Dr. Elizabeth Moreno, a seasoned expert in public speaking and oral communication, brings decades of experience to the table.

With her PhD in Communication Studies from Harvard University and numerous published articles on effective speaking strategies, Dr. Moreno offers invaluable insights into impromptu speeches.

Dr. Moreno emphasizes the significance of techniques like the PREP method for structuring speeches on the fly. She points out that these methods aren’t just about talking smoothly; they’re tools for organizing thoughts rapidly and presenting them with impact.

Regarding safety and ethics in public speaking , Dr. Moreno advocates for transparency and authenticity . She underlines how being truthful not only conforms to ethical standards but also resonates more deeply with audiences.

Incorporating impromptu speech practices into daily life can seem daunting at first glance. Yet, Dr.Moreno encourages starting small—practice answering questions off-the-cuff or give mini-speeches during meetings as ways to build confidence.

While discussing pros and cons, she acknowledges no single approach fits all situations perfectly. Compared to prepared speeches, impromptu speaking trades depth for spontaneity but practicing this skill improves overall communication agility .

Ultimately, Dr.Moreno champions understanding impromptu speech patterns as crucial for anyone looking to enhance their verbal expressiveness .Just like learning any new skill,it takes patience,time,and practice,but the rewards are immense.Being able to articulate your thoughts clearly without preparation is not only impressive but essential in many aspects of life.Whether you’re addressing questions unexpectedly or needing to make quick remarks,a well-delivered impromptu speech can significantly influence your audience’s perception.With dedication and practice,I’ve seen firsthand how these techniques have transformed my own abilities,and I’m confident they can do the same for you.

Ryan Nelson is the founder of Speak2Impress, a platform dedicated to helping individuals master the art of public speaking. Despite having a crippling fear of public speaking for many years, Ryan overcame his anxiety through diligent practice and active participation in Toastmasters. Now residing in New York City, he is passionate about sharing his journey and techniques to empower others to speak with confidence and clarity.

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How to Give an Impromptu Speech (21 Ultimate Tips)

Giving a speech in front of an audience is one of the most common fears in the world. It’s right up there with public speaking and death. But, what if you’re put on the spot and have to give a speech? That is going to be a nightmare for most of us!

In this blog post, we will discuss 21 tips for giving an impromptu speech. Whether you’re in a meeting at work or caught off guard at a party, these tips will help you deliver your message with confidence and style!

1. Buy Yourself a Bit of Extra Time

2.  organize your thoughts, 3. remember the key points, 4. calm yourself down, 5. try to appear confident, 6. concentrate on the audience, 7. feel free to submit you aren’t prepared, 8. go for a short and bold introduction, 9. begin with a relevant story, 10. try to speak casually, 11. try not to rumble, 12. be aware of your tone, 13. don’t rush your speech, 14. use open body language, 15. keep it short, 16. use pauses impactfully, 17. a little humor often helps, 18. don’t try to be 100% perfect, 19. ask questions, 20. end with a strong conclusion.

Time is something that you never have enough of when you’re giving a speech. If possible, try to buy yourself an extra minute or two before you actually have to deliver your speech. This will give you time to gather your thoughts and calm your nerves.

If you’re feeling nervous about giving an impromptu speech, this will give you a chance to collect your thoughts and compose yourself before you have to speak.

There are a few ways you can do this:

Ask for clarification: If someone asks you to give a speech and you’re not sure what they want, ask for clarification. This will give you a few extra seconds to come up with an answer.

Say you need to think about it: If you’re given a topic at the last minute, say that you need time to think about it. This will buy you a few minutes to come up with a plan.

Make Your Way to Stage Slowly: Take your time walking to the stage. This will help you calm down and focus on your speech.

Once you’ve bought yourself some extra time, it’s time to start thinking about what you’re going to say.

Now you have a few extra minutes to organize your thoughts. The best way to do this is to come up with an outline for your speech. This will help you stay on track and make sure that you cover all the important points.

If you’re given a topic, try to brainstorm a few ideas before you start writing. If you have time, write your thoughts.

If you’re really struggling to organize your thoughts, try using a mind map. This is a visual way to brainstorm and can be a helpful tool for getting your ideas down on paper.

Once you have a general idea of what you want to say, it’s time to start crafting your speech.

When you’re writing a speech, it’s important to remember the key points. These are the most important things that you want to say and should be at the core of your speech.

If you’re giving an impromptu speech, try to focus on these key points. This will help you stay on track and make sure that you cover all the important information.

Some key points to remember:

The introduction: This is your chance to make a good first impression. Make sure you introduce yourself and catch the audience’s attention.

The body: This is where you’ll deliver the meat of your speech. Make sure you stay on topic and cover all the important points.

The conclusion: This is your chance to wrap up your speech and leave the audience with a memorable message.

Make sure you know these key points inside out. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, try focusing on one key point at a time. This will make it easier for you to stay focused and deliver a more cohesive speech.

Once you have the key points down, it’s time to start thinking about your delivery.

It is normal to feel nervous when you’re about to give a speech. However, it’s important to try and calm yourself down before you take the stage.

If you’re feeling nervous, there are a few things you can do to calm yourself down:

Deep breathing: This is a simple but effective way to calm your nerves. Focus on taking deep, slow breaths and you’ll start to feel more relaxed.

Visualize yourself giving a great speech: This might seem like a strange technique, but visualization can be really helpful in calming down. Picture yourself giving a great speech and you’ll start to feel more confident.

Talk to someone else before you speak: If you’re feeling nervous, talking to someone else can help. This will take your mind off of the speech and give you a chance to relax.

The more relaxed you are, the better your speech will be.

One of the most important things you can do when giving a speech is to appear confident. This will help put the audience at ease and make them more likely to listen to what you have to say.

There are a few ways that you can appear confident:

Make eye contact: When you’re speaking, make sure you maintain eye contact with the audience. This will help show that you’re inquisitive in what you’re saying.

Smile: A smile is a great way to appear friendly and confident. It is also a great way to hide your nerves.

Pretend you’re speaking to a friend: If you find it difficult to make eye contact, try pretending that you’re talking to a friend. This will help you relax and make it easier to connect with the audience.

When you’re giving a speech, it’s important to focus on the audience. This will help you connect with them and make sure that they’re paying attention to what you’re saying.

There are a few things you can do to focus on the audience:

Make eye contact: Again, this is one of the best ways to connect with an audience. Make sure you make eye contact with as many people as possible.

Engage with the audience: Try to engage with the audience as much as possible. This means making jokes, asking questions, and connecting with them on a personal level.

Talk to them, not at them: It’s important to remember that you’re talking to the audience, not at them. Make sure you address them directly and keep your tone conversational.

When you focus on the audience, they will be more likely to listen to what you have to say.

If you feel like you’re not prepared for your speech, don’t be afraid to submit. Most people will understand if you say that you didn’t have time to prepare.

Actually, the audience will have less expectation if you say that you aren’t prepared. And they will appreciate your honesty.

So don’t try to wing it, because it will only make things worse. If you submit, at least you tried.

As we said earlier, your introduction is your chance to make a good first impression. So make sure you take advantage of it!

Keep your introduction short and to the point. Don’t try to be too funny or clever, because chances are high that it will only backfire.

And most importantly, don’t give away too much information about what you’re going to be speaking about. The introduction is supposed to be a teaser for the main event.

So make sure you keep it short, sweet, and to the point.

If you have a relevant story, starting your speech with it can be a great way to captivate the audience.

Starting with a story will help you connect with the audience on a personal level and make them more interested in what you have to say.

Plus, it’s a great way to break the ice if you’re feeling nervous. Besides, it will help you to get into the groove of your speech nicely.

But if you don’t have a relevant story, don’t force it. Don’t feel like you have to start with a story just because everyone else does. Just go with a simple intro.

If the event is not a formal one, it is better to speak casually. You will be remembered as a speaker who spoke comfortably and informally.

When you speak casually, it also gives off the impression that you’re more confident and relaxed. This will help put the audience at ease and make them more receptive to what you have to say.

However, if you are speaking in a formal event, you should adjust your tone and manner of speech.

Rumbling is a common occurrence when giving an impromptu speech. And it’s easy to understand why it happens. When you’re nervous you sometimes start shaking and you lose control over your voice.

Usually, speaking too quickly is the main cause of rumbling. So if you find yourself rumbling, try to slow down your speech. Take a few deep breaths and focus on speaking slowly and clearly.

Your tone of voice is just as important as the words you use. In fact, your tone can sometimes convey more meaning than the words themselves.

If you’re feeling nervous, your tone will likely reflect that. If you sound too nervous, the audience will be hesitant to trust what you have to say.

Make sure you stay aware of your tone and adjust it accordingly. However, don’t overthink it and just speak naturally.

When you’re feeling nervous, it can be tempting to rush through your speech. But this is a big mistake!

Rushing will only make you sound more nervous and it will be difficult for the audience to follow what you’re saying.

Plus, if you rush through your speech, you’re more likely to make mistakes. So take your time and speak at a comfortable pace.

Your body language can be a great way to convey confidence and authority.

If you stand up straight, look the audience in the eye, and gesture while you speak, you will come across as more confident.

However, if you slump over or avoid eye contact, it will appear that you’re unsure of yourself. So make sure you use your body language to your advantage.

When you’re giving an impromptu speech, it’s important to keep it short and sweet. No one wants to listen to a long, drawn-out speech.

The best way to keep your speech short is to focus on one main point. And make sure you get to the point quickly.

The audience will appreciate your brevity and you’ll be more likely to hold their attention.

If you need to take a pause while speaking, don’t just stand there awkwardly. There are a few things you can do to make your pauses work for you:

Use pauses for emphasis: If you want to emphasize a certain point, take a pause before and after you make it.

Pauses for transitions: Pauses can be a great way to transition from one topic to another.

Use pauses for comedy: If you’re telling a joke, pausing before and after the punchline will make it funnier.

Humor is a great way to add appeal to your speech and connect with the audience. But it’s important to use it appropriately.

Don’t force it: If you’re not naturally funny, don’t try to be. It will only make things worse.

Know your audience: Make sure you know your audience before you crack any jokes. What might be appropriate for one group of people might not be appropriate for another.

Use self-deprecating humor: If you want to make yourself more likable, use self-deprecating humor. This is a great way to show that you’re comfortable with yourself and that you don’t take yourself too seriously.

No one is perfect and you definitely don’t need to be when giving an impromptu speech. In fact, trying too hard to be perfect can actually make things worse.

When you’re nervous, it’s normal to make a few mistakes. So don’t worry if you forget what you were going to say or if you stumble over your words sometimes.

The audience will understand that you’re nervous and they’ll be more forgiving if you make a mistake. Just relax and go with the flow.

Questions are a great way to engage the audience and get them involved in the discussion.

You can ask general questions or question specific members of the audience. Just make sure you keep things moving and don’t let the conversation drag on for too long.

Your conclusion is the last impression that you leave with the audience. So make sure it’s a good one!

Make sure you recap your main points and remind the audience why they should care about what you have to say.

And if you want to leave them with something to think about, end with a call to action or a powerful quote.

If you’re looking for a good way to start your speech and get the audience on board, here are 21 of our favorite tips. But don’t worry if they all seem too difficult to follow!

We tried to include some practical advice that will help you feel confident no matter where you stand in the room. The best part is that you don’t have to memorize anything. Just focus on delivering your message in a clear and concise way and you’ll be sure to engage the audience.

We hope these tips will help the next time you’re called upon to give an impromptu speech! And remember, practice makes perfect. So the more speeches you give, the better you’ll become for such an event.

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How to Ace the Impromptu Speech

Several readers sent in questions related to impromptu speeches, including Matthias K.:

I’m pretty comfortable when I have days or even weeks to prepare a speech, but I REALLY struggle when I’m asked to speak at a moment’s notice. Do you have any tips for impromptu speaking?

In this article, you’ll find a set of tips that will make you shine the next time you are asked to speak on the spur of the moment.

Impromptu Speech Scenarios

Impromptu speaking may not be as glamorous as prepared speaking, but it is an equally vital skill simply because there are so many scenarios where you find yourself speaking without more than a few moments of preparation. It’s no surprise that “impromptu speaking sessions” are found within Toastmasters meetings , college communications courses, and public speaking seminars.

Consider just a few situations where you find yourself speaking off the cuff:

• The scheduled speaker is unavailable (or late), and you’ve been asked to fill in.
• You are sitting on a panel answering questions from the audience.
• You are fielding questions after your own talk (yes, your Q&A session is impromptu speaking)
• You are being interviewed on television, radio, webinar, or telephone.
• You are invited (at the last moment) to say a few words at a company gathering.
• You are asked to provide a brief status report for your project at a department meeting.
• You are motivated to join the debate at the parent association meeting for your child’s school.
• You decide to give an unplanned toast at an event with family or friends.

It’s also worth noting the irony that the better you are at giving prepared speeches, the more often you will be invited to speak with no time for preparation at all. Your friends and colleagues will recognize your speaking skill, and when they need “someone” to say a few words… you’ll be that someone!

Winning Strategies for Impromptu Speeches

Although you may only have a few seconds to prepare for any particular impromptu situation, you certainly can prepare yourself to be ready when called upon.

Here are a few strategies you can use:

Anticipate situations where you may be called upon to speak. For example, if you are attending an engagement party for a close friend or family member, there’s a reasonable chance that you might be asked to speak. Similarly, if one of your close colleagues is scheduled to speak (e.g. your boss, your peer, or your report), it’s also reasonable to assume that you will find yourself speaking. As you head to the event, do a few mental exercises, trying to guess what you might be asked to speak about, and how you would respond. Even if your guess isn’t accurate, it’s amazing how those prior thoughts will help you think on your feet when you are asked to speak.

Wrap your response around a simple template, or framework. If you practice this a few times, you will find that your mini-speeches are much more polished and coherent. A few easy frameworks include:

• P.R.E.P. (Point. Reason. Example. Point) – Start off by clearly stating your point. Share the primary reason (or reasons, if you have more time). Then, share an example (preferably in story form) where your main point or reason is supported. Finally, conclude by summarizing your central point again. The template works well in many situations, and is easily adapted.
• Issue, Pros vs. Cons, Conclusions  – Start off by framing the issue. Talk about the benefits, and then talk about the drawbacks. Conclude with your recommendation.
• 5W – In this pattern, you cover your topic by addressing the Who, What, When, Where, and Why elements. For example, if you’ve been asked to speak briefly about a fundraising initiative, you could talk about [1] who started it, and who is involved now; [2] what the goals are; [3] when it started, and the schedule for the future; [4] where does it take place; and [5] why are you involved. This template works nicely, largely because the “why?” comes last, because this is often the most critical information.

Turn your impromptu session into a Q&A session. In situations where you are asked to fill in when the schedule speaker is absent, it may not be wise to launch into a 45 minute impromptu speech. Even the most accomplished speakers are prone to meander in that situation. Instead, reframe the session as a Q&A session, which breaks it up into a series of very small impromptu speeches that are probably easier for you to answer individually. Plus, the content comes directly from the audience, so you are guaranteed to deliver what they are seeking.

Use personal stories. Storytelling is an essential skill for prepared speaking, but it is equally useful for impromptu speaking as well. Stories are emotional, real, and interesting. If you stick to personal stories, you’ll find that it is much easier to speak (even without preparation) because the events happened to you.

Avoid the tendency to go on, and on, and on.  Craft a coherent message, and then be quiet. Rambling on will only weaken your overall speech. If you must fill more time, shift into a Q&A.

Go easy on yourself. We all want to speak perfectly every time, but demanding perfection from yourself in an impromptu speech is setting the bar too high. The audience (probably) recognizes that you’ve been thrown in at the last minute, and they will understand.

Your Turn: What’s Your Opinion?

Do you have any proven strategies for mastering the impromptu speech?

Please share in the comments .

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21 comments.

Great ideas – and I like the simple structures PREP, I-P&C-C, 5W – quick tools to put structure into your talk 2 minutes before standing up.

The real challenge is closing an impromptu speech – so often the lack of preparation of a good opening leaves it difficult to do a great closing – and you end up with a tepid “well… that’s it… thanks”

Always try to be prepared for the “Impromptu Speech.”

A Police Chief once told me he takes it as a given that when attending Chamber and other events, the emcee will usually say, “And let’s hear a few words from our city’s Top Cop. Come on up here, Chief!”

I like your idea, Andrew, of the Q&A Session. If you don’t know the answer, or just want to involve more people, the answer to the question can be thrown back to the audience.

Thanks for the Post!

I have always been an impromptu speaker. I loose my confidence when I prepare my speech. Which I do well, but at times, I miss out on important issues and also I can’t time my speech

At one point in my career, I was constantly confronted with impromptu speaking situations–the speech literally being planned between chair and podium.

The challenge was how to make the speech coherent and focused with no time to labor over an outline.

One speaker suggested simply picking an object on the way…and using the elements of that object as points for the speech. We might use an object that has an obvious connection with the topic, say a “ball point pen” used for points on communication, but that is not necessary, a shoe or a flower arrangement could be used as well.

So, it begins, “this common shoe tells us everything we need to know about time management…..” –first, like a good shoe, it has to fit you and your distinctive personality… –second, like the sole, it must both protect you from the dynamics of the outside world, and give you traction… –Finally, like the shoe in its totality, you must use it or it cannot fulfill its function no matter how well designed…

This actually works so well, I have used it to create outlines for writing and prepared speeches…a structured brain storming.

God bless and Merry Christmas

hi thanks so much for addressing an issue I had requested for too, only not so articulately.

If it is impromptu it is a not really a speech. It is more you giving your off the cuff thoughts about something. By the very nature of being unprepared you can be prepared for them. But you can learn to be good communicator and share your well organized thoughts about something *whenever* you are asked.

An “impromptu speech” is no different than a coworker or a spouse asking you your opinion about something.

The ‘template’ advice is spot on Andrew. A well structured speech will always sound professional. To what you’ve said here I’d add that when time to prepare is short, make best use of it by working out the opening (an arresting attention getter) and the close (something they’ll always remember). Somehow you’ll be able to speak your way from one to the other!

excellent suggestion! Will give it a go 🙂

I always enjoy your write ups. Impromptu speaking is the monster in many people’s nightmares. . . Your suggestions are very valid.

Nice! I remember my speech teacher getting me to use the 5W’s when doing impromptu speeches years ago. I’ve never been as strong with impromptu side of things in comparison to prepared speeches, so thanks for sharing your excellent strategies! Will use.

I really have a hard time getting my confidence. I thank you for sharing this knowledge and may help any body who wants to be a good public speaker. May God Bless You!

hi your articles are really great.they will be helpful during the public speaking competitions

I have an impromptu speaking competition coming up. I get any topic in the world from the adjudicator and have 5 minutes of preparation. I must speak for at least 2 minutes. I had a practice round yesterday, but it went really badly. My topic was ‘Know Your Limits’ and it came out a bit disastrous. Do you have a fully formed plan or something I could follow in regards to any topic that could come up? Thank you.

Hey Ashley, I realize you posted your comment months ago, but I also have an impromptu speaking competition coming up in days, just like yours. You must have finished your competition by now, and I was wondering whether you have any tips you could give me? I have the same problem you do. Thanks.

If you start with an intro Attention Getter – grab your audience Thesis – what is my topic Preview of Points – then talk about each point specifically then conclude with Review – what did i just talk about Thesis – what was the topic and a Tieback to the attention getter

This helps my students succeed. At least a minute of talking with an introduction and conclusion and a minute on each point, you have a minimum of a 4 minute speech! Just think, process and come up with points about your topic and you will do great!

I find the articles very interesting and informative.

I SOMETIMES EXPERIENCE SOME CHALLENGES WHEN REQUESTED TO GIVE AN IMPROMPTU SPEECH. I WOULD BE GLAD TO SUBSCRIBE SO THAT I CAN EQUIP MYSELF WITH SKILLS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING.

IMPROMPTU 1 Pick topic from here and now–I usually talk about talking impromptu 2 Quickly pick ending to guide your talk–I usually invite them to give an impromptu talk soon.

Love these tips. Spot on!

I have developed this website for practicing impromptu speech with an active time. Please feel free to use it impromptuspeech.net

This was helpful for a project in working on for the next few days

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12 effective impromptu speech tips you should use

• Filed under: Featured articles , Public speaking articles , Public speaking tips and tricks , Speaking tips , Speech delivery , Speech preparation

An impromptu speech is something most people are afraid of even more than public speaking . There’s hardly any time to prepare, and, sometimes, this speech must be longer than just a few minutes.

So, what is an impromptu speech? An impromptu speech is a speech which is given without any thorough preparation. It is five- to eight-minute speech with a characteristically short preparation time of a couple of minutes.

This can be frightening, but it’s not the hardest of things. Today, I’ll give you 12 good tips you can use in the future. That said if you want even more information about impromptu speech and public speaking then definitely check out this list of the best public speaking books I have compiled for you.

Table of Contents

12 impromptu speech tips (short version)

Video: 12 effective impromptu speech tips you should use

Why give an impromptu speech? Here are the reasons:

• The actual speaker is running late or you have to give a speech totally last moment instead of the actual speaker.
• At a meeting , you are unexpectedly asked to give a longer overview of what’s happening.
• You are forced (or decide for yourself) to take part in a discussion (e.g., parents’ meeting).
• A cheering speech at a birthday party or other similar event (e.g., colleague’s birthday).
• An unexpected (or even agreed beforehand) interview .
• You must unexpectedly introduce yourself at an event or talk about your area of activity .
• Unexpected questions during a Q&A session following your presentation.

Remember that the better public speaker you are, the more people will be pointing in your direction, because no-one wants to go out there. So, get ready to be teased, „James, we all know you can do it so well…“

12 impromptu speech tips that will make you shine

1. a good speech has a structure.

There are several speech structures, but I use the one called the FAT system.

• F = Feeling . Express how you feel about the subject of your speech
• A = Anecdote . Tell a story related to it. If it’s funny, even better.
• T = Tie back . Link the story to the subject.

F = Feeling

Share your feelings about the subject. If it makes you sad, show it. If it makes you happy, express it with all your nature.

A = Anecdote

The anecdote doesn’t necessarily mean making a joke. Indeed, if your story is funny and related to the subject, that’s just great. Keep in mind that the make-a-point-tell-a-story approach usually works well.

T = Tieback

When you’re done with your story, keep in mind that now is the time to link it to the subject. For example: if your topic is „Your Favourite Car Brand“ and you told a good story about which bad (or good) cars you’ve come across, now is the time, to sum up, the topic pointing out why you chose a particular car brand.

2. Practice giving a speech

Mark Twain once said, „It usually takes more than three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech“. In other words, it can be practiced. The more you practice and the more topics you go through, the easier it will be .

You can practice alone or with your friends. One of the ways to do it with your friends is to play a game. Scroll down for instructions!

As a side note, I wrote an article (with 10 effective tips) about how to practice a speech. You can read it here.

3. Go on stage and give speeches whenever you get an opportunity

The more experience you gain, the better you will be able to handle unexpected situations. You’ll also learn how to deal with tricky questions and smarty pants.

Recommended books

How to Deliver a TED Talk: Secrets of the World's Most Inspiring Presentations

Jeremy Donovan

Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences

Nancy Duarte

Confessions of a Public Speaker

Scott Berkun

Talk Like TED: The 9 Public-Speaking Secrets of the World's Top Minds

Carmine Gallo

The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right

Atul Gawande

The First 20 Hours: How to Learn Anything... Fast!

Josh Kaufman

By the way, I did my MA thesis on the fear of public speaking, in which I also studied the way in which the level of the fear of public speaking and the frequency of its occurrence is related. It revealed that the people who do public speaking more often suffer from the fear of public speaking significantly less than those who do it rarely.

Have a look at the figure below:

4. Believe you can do it

If you only focus on the idea of potentially failing, you focus on the wrong thing . You’re not the most important person at the moment of giving a presentation. Your listeners are. Anyway, if you don’t believe in yourself, why should I as a listener? Oftentimes, the audience is your allie , and you should keep that in mind at all times.

Why is the audience your Allie ? Because the better you do, the more they will benefit from your presentation.

5. You could mention it’s an impromptu speech

An impromptu speech is just like any other speech, that is, it’s not a good idea to start your speech with an excuse. If the listeners are aware of the situation anyway, it might be worth mentioning. Do it in a brief and professional manner and avoid futile apologies.

Briefly explain why the speech is improvisation and get to the subject. If you use the above-mentioned FAT structure, it’ll be much easier for you to give a good speech.

6. Don’t forget about humor

For example: if you mention that it’s an impromptu speech, make a joke about the situation . Already today, it would be a good idea to think of a funny story or two about yourself for such occasions.

At the same time, keep in mind that if you’re not particularly good at making jokes , don’t try to overdo it . Equally important, never say „I’m going to tell you a funny story“ because you set the expectations high. Just say that you’re going to tell a story, and if the audience finds it funny, great success!

7. Think of universal introductions or stories to use in the future

Getting started with a story is always a good idea, especially, if it’s a personal one. For example, you can start with a story of how you had to give a speech once and what went wrong.

Sometimes, it may happen that you have to give a speech so unexpectedly that there’s no time whatsoever to think of a story introducing the subject. In this case, after making an introduction, you can make a transition in the form of a joke about yourself.

For example, you could say, „Some of you will wonder how this story is related to my presentation. It’s not, really… I just had to give a speech so unexpectedly that this story was the first thing that sprang to mind. Speaking of the subject… (and you go on with the actual subject)“.

But there’s a lot more to it so I wrote a complete guide on how to make a speech introduction that grabs the attention which you can read here.

8. If you get stuck, pretend it’s a meaningful pause

Remember that one speaker from Ancient Greece once summed up the fundamental truths about public speaking tips:

• Speak clearly to be heard.
• Stand straight to be seen.
• Be quiet to be enjoyable.

Take your time and try to avoid unnecessary voiced sounds during the pause – most people won’t even realize there’s something going on.

9. Customize the topic and make it your statement

Sometimes, it’s the only solution. For example: if I’m unexpectedly asked to talk about maths for 15 minutes, I have to admit this is a subject I don’t know anything about.

So I have a couple of stories about how I wasn’t very good at maths at school and that there’s one thing I’m very good at when it comes to maths. Calculating percentages by cross-multiplying. Then, I’ll be talking about how it really helped me in practice and how the audience could use it.

To sum it up, if the subject is something you don’t know much about, you will adjust it a little and change the focus , talking about it from a perspective you feel more confident about.

10. In relation to your speech, find answers to the following five questions:

• What (or about what)?

For example: if you have to talk about the fact that you’re afraid to speak publicly, your speech could answer the following questions:

• Who are you?
• What have you done to cope with it and what could others learn from it?
• When did you succeed (or fail) in relation to the subject (add a short story here)?
• Where could your tips be used?
• Why is it important at all?

It’s essentially the same as the FAT structure but explained from another angle.

11. Turn your presentation into a Q&A session

If you have no idea what to say in the beginning, go for a Q&A session. For example, your topic is „How to Give a Speech“, but you don’t have any good idea. So you start with something like „Dear all, today, we’ll be talking about how to give a speech. How many of you have given an impromptu speech or done public performances unexpectedly? Yes, Paul, what were the circumstances?“

This way, you’ll get hints from the listeners about what you could talk about, and you can smoothly go over to your speech.

But if you say „Today, we’ll be talking about how to give a speech. First of all, you’ll be able to ask a few questions about what you find most important when it comes to our topic“, the questions asked by the listeners will give you an idea of what you should talk about.

Keep in mind that you have to encourage your listeners as they may be too shy to ask questions. If no-one asks a question, go back to one of the tips above.

12. Don’t blab all the time

To be brief is always a good thing . The longer you talk, the greater the likelihood that your speech becomes somewhat boring , and, as a result, the listeners lose interest.

An impromptu speech developing game you can play with your friends

It’s quite common to play different games in larger or smaller groups. The game I recommend is suitable for groups of all shapes and sizes.

• Beginner : On a piece of paper, each participant puts down a topic they are able to talk about for a minute or two, without preparation.
• Advanced : On a piece of paper, each participant puts down a completely random topic.
• Put all the topics together. Now, in turns, you pick one topic and start talking about it for about a minute or two, without preparation. If you pick the topic written by you, you put it back and pick a new one.

When one participant is finished, the next participant picks a new topic and starts with their speech.

• Other listeners shouldn’t interrupt the speaker during their speech.
• It is advisable to give feedback, especially by the person who has come up with the topic.

How does this game improve giving an impromptu speech?

First, you get used to talking about topics you don’t know anything about at a first glance.

Second, you get a wealth of experience in terms of how to customize a topic. For example: if you pick a topic entitled „My Trip to Spain“, but you’ve never been to Spain, you’ll be talking about „What I Could Do on my Next Trip to Spain“.

Third, you get feedback from other people about how you did. Pretty soon, you’ll discover that you’re actually much better than you think.

Finally, the more you play this game, the more comfortable you will feel in different situations . You will learn from experience, right?

An impromptu speech can be frightening, but it’s not the hardest of things. It’s all in your head, and you can start fixing it now.

Have a look at my 12 impromptu speech tips and think of the situations where you can use one or the other. And then… go on stage. First thing. The more you practice public speaking , the better you get.

Related questions

What is a persuasive speech? The main objective of a persuasive speech is to make your listeners do what you want them to do. For example, „buy my product“, „vote for me“, „believe what I’m talking about“, and so on. ( full article here)

What is the elevator pitch? An elevator pitch is a well-thought, meaningful, and repeatedly practiced brief (about 30-60 seconds long) overview of who you are, what you offer, and how your partner can benefit from it ( full article here ).

What is audience analysis? Audience analysis gives you the opportunity to get as much information about the background of your listeners as possible. Using this information, you can prepare your message so that it builds on the interests, needs, and expectations of your listeners. ( full article here )

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• Tags: Art of public speaking , Effective speaking , Good speech , Impromptu presentation , Impromptu speaking , Impromptu talk , Making a speech , Prepare a speech , Presentation skills tips , Presentation techniques , Speech skills , Speech tips , Writing a speech

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My name is Janek Tuttar , and I am the founder and author of Speak and Conquer website.

I have been teaching public speaking at Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences

Here, I am sharing the wisdom of how to cope in different public speaking situations.

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I have been teaching and blogging about public speaking since spring 2007. Here, I am sharing the wisdom of how to cope in different public speaking situations.

Send me an e-mail: [email protected]

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• Impromptu speaking tips
• Impromptu speech outlines

Impromptu speech outline: 7 formats

How to prepare for an impromptu speech.

By:  Susan Dugdale  

Using a speech outline to prepare an impromptu speech seems counterintuitive, doesn't it? After all, impromptu means of the moment, spontaneous, without preparation. So, what is an impromptu speech outline?

Quite simply it’s the structure, or format of your speech. It’s how you order your material from the time you open your mouth at the beginning of your speech, until you close it at the end.

An outline doesn’t need to be a written document or put on note cards to be effective. An experienced impromptu speaker will have an assortment of structural patterns memorized. When they’re asked to speak, they’ll mentally flick through them and choose the most appropriate.

Following an outline lessens the possibility of rambling aimlessly off topic. And, given my flibberty gibbet tendencies it's vital! Maybe yours too?☺

What's on this page

Seven structural patterns , each with example impromptu speech outlines and a printable blank outline template to download.

How to use these structural patterns : guidelines for practice

About the printable impromptu speech outlines

How to reframe a topic : examples of openings showing how to adapt a topic.

The patterns are: 

• Point, Reason, Example, Point (PREP)

Past, Present, Future

Problem, solution.

• Pros/Cons, Positives/Negatives, For/Against, Advantages/Disadvantages

Cause, Effect, Remedy

• Before/The Event/The Result

Local, National, International

 How to use these structural patterns

To become a competent impromptu speaker you need to get familiar with them. So initially just play with them for practice either with a friend or by yourself.

• Get a subject to talk about. (Click for 150 impromptu speaking topics ).
• Choose yourself a pattern to form the body of speech.
• Now go. Open your mouth and speak.

You’ll need an introduction followed by your material organized according to whatever pattern you’ve selected, and then a conclusion.

Keep it simple. You don’t need to try hard to say devastatingly intelligent insightful things. The starting goal is to get used to thinking, then speaking, without a great deal of prior preparation.

This is impromptu speaking, ‘off the cuff’, largely spontaneous. Be honest and where you can, add personal stories. Your own experiences, plus your knowledge of the subject, will establish rapport and credibility. Don’t be afraid to experiment, or 'fail', as that's how you'll learn.

If your content at this stage is trite nonsense and you putter out of ideas too soon, so be it. At the beginning it’s more important to learn to let go of feeling anxious, inadequate and the need for perfection. 

Once you’re used to a pattern, and can follow it easily without having to stop and think about which part comes next, you’ll naturally come up with better material.

Along with examples of each impromptu speech outline structure there's a link to a blank printable. There are seven of them: one for each pattern. They are there for you to use as a guide. You'll find the links for them below the example outlines. 

Each outline has the same four step format.

The first step is mentally preparing yourself: sorting out your topic, considering your audience and working out what tone best fits with them, as well as your speech purpose. 

The second step covers preparing the introduction, the third, the body, and the fourth and final step, the conclusion.

Your chosen structural pattern is the body  

The third step, the body of your speech, holds the specific pattern you’re working with. It’s this step, the body, you’ll want to focus on first when you’re practicing. After you’ve set your topic allow yourself a few minutes to think it through (or make notes) using the pattern headings as a guide.

Once you feel comfortable with the body, you’ll find the openings and conclusions become much easier.

Getting the time and content balance right

The overall length of your speech or the time you take to deliver it is, to a large part, determined by how much information you put into the body. Obviously one or two main points and their supporting material will take less time than three or four.

( Practice will help you confidently and reliably get the balance of time to content right. Click the link for  examples of one minute speeches  prepared using the Point-Reason-Example-Point (PREP) pattern. They'll give you an idea of what's required.)

Practice, practice, and then do it some more

You don’t need to follow each of the four steps of the outline slavishly. However, to use that old cliché, before you can run, you need to know how to walk. So before giving yourself permission to try to improvise and dazzle publicly, ground yourself in structure. Give yourself a solid baseline to work from.

There’s no secret behind becoming more confident and competent reasonably quickly. It’s practice. Lots of it.

Time and record yourself. Play it back and listen carefully.

Is there a good opening? Have you followed the pattern you chose in the body of the speech? Is it clear? Have you got clean transitions between each part of your speech and the one following it? Is there a strong ending? And are the words you’ve chosen, as well as the way you use them, right for your subject, the purpose of the speech and your intended audience?

And lastly, learn one pattern well before you work with another.

Effective impromptu speech activities 

If you teach a public speaking or communication class or lead a public speaking group, here's  a comprehensive bundle of   17 proven fun and effective impromptu speech activities , complete with full guidelines and printables. They ease, rather than jettison, students into impromptu speaking one step at a time.  

How to reframe a topic

Sometimes when you're asked to speak on a topic you'll find yourself needing to modify it before going ahead.

Or maybe you want confirmation that you've understood what you're being asked to speak about.

Here are examples of three ways to reframe the topic as part of your opening. They are particularly useful for Question and Answer sessions.

Add them to your practice too.

1. Give the topic a scope. This establishes what you're prepared to cover.  

For example: Thanks. That’s a great question. I am happy to share what has happened since I joined the organization in 2020.

Or:  Thanks, that’s a great, and very big question. I don’t have time right now to cover all aspects of it. So here’s the first part. If anybody would like me to follow up with the second and third, please see me later and we’ll make a time.

2. Summarize and ask for confirmation. Use this technique to  make sure you’ve understood what’s being asked of you before you answer. 

Example:  Thank you for your question. It's an important one and I want to make sure I’ve understood it correctly before answering. You want to know why we’re not mobilizing the Defense Force to clear protesters from the streets, is that right?

3. Redirecting, reshaping the question or angle, before responding . This can be useful when you want to give a bigger picture, or establish context - something the original question didn't allow for.

Example: You’ve asked about using the Defense Force to clear the streets. Let’s consider the precedents for that: the 1951 Waterfront Dispute, Bastion Point, 1978, and the anti-Springbok rugby tour protest in 1981. What have they taught us?

7 impromptu speech outline patterns

Please note, these examples are not complete speech outlines. In most instances they don't include the opening or the conclusion. What they do is illustrate seven ways to organize material in the body of the speech. And some of the examples are more fleshed out than others.

 PREP: Point, Reason, Example, Point

PREP is an acronym for: Point, Reason, Example, Point. The pattern adapts well to most situations.

Here are two PREP impromptu speech outline examples: one for a social setting and one for business or workplace audiences. You can also see it in action on this page of one minute speech topics where I've used it in three sample one minute speech outlines.

PREP impromptu speech outline: workplace 

Topic: Cameras off during a virtual team meeting

Point: Human Resources are reporting numerous requests from employees to be allowed to leave their cameras off during routine virtual (zoom) meetings.

Reason: The reason most frequently given is fatigue due to  strain 

Examples: It is hard to:

• maintain focus while looking at a grid of faces for the length of an entire meeting,
• see yourself on camera and NOT respond to it,
• be physically constrained in a small space in order to remain on camera,
• arrange life so it doesn’t intrude in the form of kittens, babies or anything else while on camera,
• have your colleagues in your home without having issued the invitation yourself.

Point: And that’s why we’ve asked Human Resources to develop a set of guidelines to cover when cameras should be on, and when they can be turned off. If you have any suggestions or points you’d like them to consider, please get them by Friday.

For more: 

• Bailenson, J. N. (2021). Nonverbal Overload: A Theoretical Argument for the Causes of Zoom Fatigue . Technology, Mind, and Behavior, 2(1). 
• Should We Require Students to Turn Their Cameras On in the Zoom Classroom?   Anna Lännström, Stonehill College. Published by Wabash Center, 2020  

PREP impromptu speech outline example: social

A toast to acknowledge friend’s engagement

Point: It’s a joy to join you celebrating Ryan and Mary’s engagement.

Reason(s): There’s dozens of reasons for my being pleased to be here. We haven’t got time for them all. So here’s three. The first goes back a long way to when we were ten years old. I’m never going going to get married, he said. Thanks to Mary, look at you now! I am delighted you have to eat those words. The second reason is quite selfish. At least the field is cleared now because he’s well and truly spoken for. Hi ya singletons out there! And the third and most important is because I’ve never seen Ryan quite so deliriously crazy happy, ever, in all the years I’ve known him.

Example(s): This is the man who has spent all his weekends for last year renovating the house they share. You know it’s got to be the real thing when unclogging drains, getting rid of rat nests and replacing rotten window frames is better than time out with me and the boys. When you add making significant positive changes to his eating and drinking habits, throw in running a kilometer or two or three or more, several times a week, it’s proof. You’ve got be happy to do any of that!

Point: Which in turn, makes me happy too. Here's to Ryan and Mary!

Download PREP impromptu speech outline

Click the link to download a printable pdf file to use: PREP impromptu speech outline

Use this pattern if you want apply a time line treatment to a subject.

Topic: In your experience what's an effective way of getting children to eat vegetables?

In the past:

When I was a child not eating whatever was served was not an option. It didn’t matter if it was something dreaded like cauliflower, broccoli or spinach. It was on the plate. Therefore it needed to be chewed and swallowed. If it wasn’t you were in for a long sit at the table. Because both you and the plate of food remained in place until the plate was cleared. This as a technique was a failure. It built resentment rather than a love of vegetables.

That kind of stand off would not happen nowadays. I have more tolerance than my parents for children whose taste buds do not thrill to strong tasting vegetables. The only thing I ask of my kids, is that they try a little of each new one when it is served. If they don’t like it, they can put it to one side. Alongside that, we use vegetables as snacks, sneak them into purees and sauces, get the kids involved in choosing and cooking them, and set an example by eating copious quantities of them ourselves.

Our diets are changing. They are becoming increasingly plant based. Vegetables are no longer an accompaniment, an after-thought. Instead they’re center plate – up front and proud. 

Perhaps the infamous battle over vegetables will disappear entirely. It’s my hope that through showing greater tolerance of our children’s preferences and by being more creative with how we introduce them into their diets, that the issue will simply cease to be one.

Vive la broccoli!  

Topic: What are the most popular and enduring toys for children?

Past : Toys that sold well: Teddy bears, named after Theodore Roosevelt 1902, yo-yos – 1928, Silly Putty, 1955, GI Joe – dolls for boys, 1960s, including two that have kept right on selling;

Present: Lego from Denmark, 1932, and Barbie from USA, 1959

Future : More Lego, more Barbies who are more diverse, more skin types and shapes. Both seem set for along time yet.

Download Past, Present, Future outline

Click the link to download a printable pdf file to use:  Past, Present, Future impromptu speech outline

This is a simple two part pattern: here’s the problem. Now here’s the solution.

Example: The problem is congestion on our main city roads during peak hours.

The solution is to:

• reroute heavy vehicles over those hours
• look carefully at the current design of the roundabouts, on and off ramps and laybys and update them if necessary 
• adjust the speed limit

Example: The problem is maintaining a work routine while working from home

• make yourself a dedicated work space.
• set yourself regular hours for getting up, having breakfast, being at your desk, lunch etc.
• establish clear boundaries around your work time for family and friends. Being in the same room or the next one, doesn’t mean you’re available.
• prioritize your tasks for the day each morning.

Download Problem, Solution outline

Click the link to download a printable pdf file to use: Problem, Solution impromptu speech outline

Pros and Cons, Positives and Negatives

This is a useful beginning point toward answering the classic ‘what shall I do?’ dilemmas.

Setting out the pros and cons * of a situation gives us an overview, which we can then use to help make a rational, considered decision.

* 16th century: from Latin  prō  for + con, from  contrā  against

Dilemma:  Whether or not to go to university

• New experiences, new people, broadens outlook
• Builds networking opportunities, long term friendships, & professional relationships
• After graduation enter workforce at different level – a leg up because core competencies already established
• Scholarships available
• Leadership and extension activities/clubs available
• High levels of personal debt
• Difficult to sustain oneself mentally, physically and financially without support
• Doesn’t guarantee a job on graduation
• Doesn’t train you for a specific vocation
• Doesn’t automatically mean entry into higher paying job

Dilemma:  Whether or not to buy cheap or fast fashion

• Affordable – instantly gratifying
• Up to the minute clothing – democratization of fashion – not just for elite rich
• Can follow the trend – included rather than excluded on price
• Can change mind and buy more if don’t like what you have – not going to cause you hardship
• Profitable for retailers and manufacturers
• pollution: people throw out their clothes which then enter land fills
• waste: breeds throwaway mentality – chuck rather than mend
• loss of skills: how to mend clothing: sew on buttons, fix a fallen hem, patch a rip etc.
• exploitation of woman and children in 3rd world countries: low wages, and unsafe workplaces

For more: Fast Fashion by Adam Hayes, April 2021, investopedia.com

Download Pros and Cons outline

Click the link to download a printable pdf file to use:  Pros and Cons impromptu speech outline

 This is a three-part problem solving pattern.

• What is the cause of something?
• What is its effect?
• And what is the remedy?

Topic: Public speaking anxiety

Cause(s) of public speaking anxiety:

• feeling self conscious in front of others
• fearing repeat of past poor experiences
• fear of being judged
• fearing not being as good as you’d like to be, or as good as others
• breathing poorly which doesn’t support the voice
• becoming overwhelmed by symptoms of fear: shaking limbs, quivering voice, racing heart beat, forgetting what had been practiced
• gabbling through speech at break neck speed
• becomes a cycle which intensifies each time a person has to speak in public
• limits personal potential in many ways: at work and socially
• take a public speaking course, join a public speaking club
• practice a great deal,  get good support and practical feedback you can use
• and take every opportunity to speak in front of others as it will lessen the fear.

Topic: Procrastination

Cause(s) of procrastination:

• boredom: not being interested in the task that needs completing
• fear of failure: thinking the task will prove too difficult - would rather not begin it, than risk failure, perfectionism
• unable to prioritize what needs to be done against what isn’t so urgent
• overwhelmed: too many things to do, and too little energy

Effect(s) of procrastination:

• pressure: rushing to catch up on what should have been done which leads to poor decision making
• failure: letting oneself, friends, family and workmates down, compromised work standards, reputation
• losing time, opportunities, limiting your career options
• escalating low self-esteem issues and health risks
• Create incremental to-do lists – a bit at a time rather than one huge overwhelming piece of work.
• Create a stimulating work-place for yourself – surround yourself with what you genuinely like to see.
• Time-line your work realistically - what needs to happen. today, tomorrow and the next day to arrive at the due date with the work completed to your satisfaction.
• Get rid of the temptations you know you are distracted by. Put your phone on mute. Remove bookmarked sites.
• Find a mentor, someone you admire and who will hold you to account.

Download Cause, Effect, Remedy outline

Click the link to download a printable pdf file to use: Cause, Effect, Remedy impromptu speech outline

Before, The Event, The Result

This three-part pattern is a time line centered around an event. The result of event (eg. a natural disaster or a personal or societal change, large or small) profoundly changes what came before it. Sometimes the end result is much better, and sometimes far worse.

It’s a pattern much loved by advertisers who imply that the event (the purchase and use of whatever product or service they are selling) will result in whatever is desired: health, wealth, beauty, popularity, longevity, peace, love, intelligence... It's the classic Before and After format.    

Topic: Covid-19 - its impact on the tourism industry in NZ

Total annual tourism expenditure had increased by almost $15 billion, or 55%, in the seven years prior to 2020. 

• Tourism was New Zealand’s biggest export industry, contributing 20.1% of total exports. 
• Tourism generated a direct annual contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $16.4 billion, or 5.5%, and a further indirect contribution of $11.3 billion, another 3.8% of New Zealand’s total GDP.  

Then along came Covid–19.  The borders were closed in an effort to keep it out for as long as possible. Good for the population: fewer deaths and hospitalizations compared to other first world countries: USA, UK, Australia but not so good for tourism.

The result:  

• total tourism expenditure was $26.1 billion, a decrease of 37.3 percent ($15.6 billion) from the previous year.
• international tourism’s overall contribution to New Zealand’s total exports of goods and services fell to 2.1 percent from 20.0 percent
• tourism generated a direct contribution to GDP of $8.5 billion, or 2.9 percent, a decrease of 47.5 percent ($7.7 billion), or 2.6 percentage points

Reference:  https://www.tia.org.nz/about-the-industry/quick-facts-and-figures/

Here’s a feel-good-hard-work-pays-off story using the format, the sort you might hear on your local TV or radio station.

Topic: the house makeover

Before the makeover:

• dark and dingy – very few windows, dated décor
• very poor heat retention – no insulation
• no outdoor – indoor flow
• small poky kitchen with limited storage
• one bathroom – not adjacent to either living areas or bedrooms

The Event:   the makeover of the worst house in the best street,  a perfect project for husband (builder) and wife (interior decorator), 12 month time line, carefully planned

The Result:

• jump in value of property
• a house which is a pleasure to live in, fabulous garden, everybody is happy, reporters come calling for house and garden magazine before and after spreads☺
• an inspirational example of talent plus effort

Download Before, The Event, The Result outline

Click the link to download a printable pdf file to use:  Before, The Event, The Result impromptu speech outline

This structure is excellent for comparisons and overviews spanning spatial areas.

Topic: Deaths from Covid-19 in New Zealand as at 22nd February 2022

Local: none

National: 56

International:  5,905,942

Reference: Google News - Covid 19 map - New Zealand  

Topic: Who follows the news?  A survey of 38 countries, 2018

Local news :  Global median = 78%. 78% of respondents are  more likely to follow the news if in own area and own country. 

National news : Global median = 86%. 86% of respondents are more likely to follow if the news is about own country.

International news : Global median = 57%. Comparatively significantly less of the respondents are likely to follow the news. That changes with the amount of education a person has. If they have more education, they are more likely to follow the news.

Reference:  Publics around the world follow national and local news more closely than international : Pew Research Center report, 2018

Download Local, National, International outline

Click the link to download a printable pdf file to use:  Local, National, International impromptu speech outline

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45 Impromptu Speech Topics and Ideas

October 29, 2017 - Dom Barnard

Impromptu speeches are a great way to practice quick thinking and concise speaking – you usually have only a couple of minutes to  prepare a speech  lasting around five minutes. Even in this shorter form of speech, you still need to have a structure to what you are saying to ensure your message is understood by everyone.

If you struggle with lack of confidence, practicing with these impromptu speech topics can be a great way to build confidence for all types of speeches and conversations, whether you’re talking to someone at a business networking event or speaking at a wedding.

What is an impromptu speech?

For an impromptu speech, you’ll generally have 1-3 minutes of preparation for a speech lasting 5-8 minutes. Tougher speech events can reduce this preparation time down to 30 seconds and require you to plan your speech mentally, without any paper to write notes on.

Impromptu speeches are often given as part of university and college debates.  Oxford Union event  shown above.

These types of speeches are usually found in public speaking courses, speaking organisations such as Toastmasters and  debating competitions  (both professional and student based).

They are a great way of testing a range of communication skills, from organisation to clarity to creativity, and are becoming a popular way to practice general public speaking skills.

Practice Impromptu Speaking

Practice your impromptu speaking skills by talking about a series of random slides for 30 seconds each. Receive feedback on your performance. Learn More

Tips for picking an impromptu speech topic

Here are some quick tips and considerations for picking an impromptu speech.

• Pick a topic you are familiar with, have knowledge of and want to talk about. Personal experience on that topic is a bonus as you’ll be able to speak more naturally about it.
• Your organisational skills will be tested to come up with a powerful introduction and conclusion in your preparation to back up your argument.
• Pick a topic where the scope is limited (or you can easily limit it) as you’ll only have 5 minutes to discuss it.
• Your goal is to either inform or  persuade your audience  so choose a topic that suits these criteria

Impromptu speech topics

There are a huge amount of topic to choose from so we’ve compiled a short list of interesting topics below, some of which will hopefully inspire you or give you talking points you hadn’t previously considered.

• A non-biased news site is impossible
• The Romain Empire was the most important empire to have existed
• Keyboards will be replaced by speech-to-text technology in 10 years
• Performance enhancing drugs should be allowed in sport
• Colour affects the way people feel
• Poor health begins in the mind
• Team sports build strong individuals
• Beauty is in the eye of the beholder
• Poverty is a state of mind
• What characteristics make an ideal villain?
• How would you describe an average person?
• In what situation is lying a good idea?
• Who has been the most influential person in your life and why?
• Pets are for people who don’t have children
• Real learning doesn’t occur in a classroom
• It is better to be influential than rich
• Do violent video games contribute to youth violence?
• School uniforms removes individuality
• Children should not watch television
• Art is not important to the future of the human race
• Future conflicts will be confined to online hacking
• Social customs are a waste of time
• My biggest concern for the future is…
• Climate change is a natural occurrence
• What is the most important skill for starting a business
• Space exploration advances the human race
• Parents are the most influential factors in our lives
• Sports people salaries are justified by viewing figures
• Reading fiction is a waste of time
• Going to university / college is not necessary anymore
• Facebook makes society less happy
• Anyone can be a millionaire if they work hard enough
• No extra-terrestrial species have found us because…
• Translation technology will replace the need to learn a language
• Colonizing Mars is necessary to ensure human survival
• Presidential / Prime Ministers time in office should be lengthened
• Social circles and friends are the most important factors for happiness
• Real wealth is not measured in money or possessions
• The minimum wage should be doubled
• Should adults have the right to carry a concealed handgun?
• Is sexual orientation determined at birth?
• Junk food’s popularity relies on marketing
• Both snooker and darts are sports
• Being a vegetarian is healthier than eating meat
• Renting a house is better than buying

Use any of these topics for your next impromptu speech or just as personal practice to improve your communication skills.

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How to Give an Impressive Impromptu Speech

An Impromptu speech is a talk that you give on the spot with no preparation.

The speech could be as professional as a project update or as casual as a toast at a wedding. Either way, you are expected to say something smart, witty and charming.

While it might feel like torture even to the most second C-level executive, giving an extemporaneous speech is the mark of an excellent communicator and leader.

Impromptu Speech Situations You Must Be Ready For

It’s not how you handle yourself when you are prepared, that demonstrates your leadership, it’s how you handle yourself when you are least prepared. Most of the presentations you give will be prepared, yet some will not, and these unplanned events will have a bigger impact on your personal brand.

It’s how you handle yourself when least prepared that demonstrates your leadership

Here are just some examples of them

• Introducing yourself at networking events.
• Filling in for a late speaker.
• You are asked to give a toast at a company party.
• You get asked a question you did not prepare for while on a panel.
• Job interview questions from left field.
• You are interviewed by a reporter.
• You get pulled into a meeting to give an update.
• There is unexpected push back on your ideas at a company meeting.
• Say a goodbye speech to a departing employee.
• Your college refers to you in the middle of a presentation for input.

The Best 3 Impromptu Speech Tips I Ever Got

The first company I interned for during my college years threw me a goodbye party. I was happy until the manager asked if I had a few words for the team.

Then I opened my mouth, and gibberish came out. It sounded like I was speaking in tongues, “Ahh, Ahh, blah, blah, blah…”

Later, my manager at that time gave me three tips about talking on the spot that I carry to this day: “Stick to the truth, share from personal experience, and practice out loud.”

Stick to the truth, share from personal experience, and practice out loud.

1. Stick to the truth. No need to embellish, exaggerate or stretch the truth. The truth is always good enough.

For example, if you feel happy to have your colleagues in a meeting, then don’t say that you feel “super excited.” Saying that you feel happy is good enough. At least when you tell the truth, you will be authentic.

Now, telling the truth does not mean that you divulge company secrets. You stick to your truth at the moment. If you don’t know, then you say you don’t know; if you are not sure, then you say you are not sure.

Sticking to the truth will save you from a lot of mental anguish.

2. Share from personal experience. When you speak from personal experience, then you are referring to things that you intimately know. No need to research, no need to investigate, and no need to memorize anything.

When in doubt about what to say, just tell a story from your past related to the situation. That will make your contribution unique and valuable.

For example, someone asks you about the future of self-driving cars. Instead of making up stuff, just talk about the time you were in Mountain View, and you saw one of the Google’s self-driving cars for the first time.

Wait, you never saw that. No problem. Talk about the last time you were talking with your spouse about self-driving cars.

Wait you never did that. No problem. Talk about the first time you heard about self-driving cars.

You get the idea here. No need to make up anything, just look back in your memory to the closest experience with the topic and share that.

3. Practice out loud. Thinking on your feet is like dancing, you can’t learn it by thinking about it.

There are two ways to practice impromptu speaking:

1. On your own. Choose a different random topic every day and speak out loud about it. What you say does not have to be perfect, or eloquent, or enlightening. The important thing is to speak out loud. I do this when I am stuck in traffic. I pick a random topic and then I just speak on it for a minute or so. Don’t overdo it. Just once a day is enough.

2. Speak in a group. Practicing in front of a group and getting professional feedback is the best way to learn impromptu speaking. I know that this option is harder than practicing on your own for many reasons. Not finding the right group, not finding the time are just a few. However, it is not impossible. You can try out different speaking classes or join a Toastmasters group in your area until you find one that resonates with you. It will be worth it.

Quick and Dirty Impromptu Formula You Can Use Right Away

In an impromptu speech, the structure king. Without a present and practiced structure, you will ramble on and make no point at all. In fact, the structure will be the king, queen, and general combined to martial and lead your content in a concise and relevant way.

Structure is king!

There are many other formulas that I use for impromptu speaking, however, here I want to share with you an excellent one.

It’s called FAT.

F = Feeling

Share your honest feeling about the topic, circumstance or person. If you feel excited to be there then, that’s the impression that you share (remember to stay close to the truth)

A= Anecdote

Share a relevant story. Most of the time, I share my first experience with the topic. For example, if it’s a car, then I share a story about my first car in college. If it’s a person, then I share my first experience meeting the person. It does not have to be that way.

T = Tie Back

After you are done with the anecdote, make sure you tie it back to the topic you are talking about. Example, if you are doing a toast for a departing coworker, and you share the story of the first time you meet her, you can tie back by saying, that after that event, you knew that she was destined for big things and that she will be missed when she leaves.

When you get asked to speak about someone or something, you can always rely on the FAT formula.

Here is an example of an impromptu speech using the FAT method.

Scenario: you are asked to thank a group of interns that worked with your department for the summer.

I want to thank Michael, Amey, and Kira for working with our department over the summer. Their work is greatly appreciated, and I don’t know how we would have done it without them (only say it this way if it’s the truth).

A: Anecdote

I remember your first day. You were all quiet, taking notes and probably thinking oh my god what a mess . Then surprised us all by your initiative and how quickly you learned. With your help, we caught up on our financial audit.

T: Tie back

We were so thankful to have you this summer and wanted to wish you the best in your academic career next year. I know some of you will be graduating, and I look forward to hearing from you. I hope you would consider coming back to work with us 🙂 Good luck!

Ok, that was the FAT method. Easy right?

You don’t have to remember any content, all you have to remember is a structure. The takeaway is that it can be used for many different scenarios. Weddings, eulogies, goodbyes, updates, answers, etc.

Extemporaneous and Impromptu speaking is a great skill to have. I say a skill because it is something you learn and develop over time. Impromptu speaking is something you get good at with practice and feedback. Start practicing today and leave an impromptu comment below.

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How to Organize Your Five-Minute Impromptu Speech: Building Your Introduction (Part 1)

What do five minutes feel like to you? You could tell us that it’s made of up 300 seconds, in which time corn on the cob could be microwaved, a round of commercials could be played, and one kilometer be could run – at least for some of us. But the experience of five minutes is relative. It feels a lot longer if you’re waiting in traffic, than if you’re running late for class. So in this article, you’ll learn what five minutes should feel like when making an impromptu speech, by breaking down the different parts of your speech in order to create a structure that’s both organized and timely. All organized speeches have a beginning, middle, and end, also known as the introduction, body, and conclusion. Knowing how to plan the content of these parts is key to reaching a five-minute impromptu speech, especially because of the limitations you’re under with only two minutes of prep time. Why is this important? Two reasons. One: without keeping track of your time, you may end up finishing early and leaving out essential analysis. Two: many of us have a tendency to ramble and go off-topic, confusing both you and your audience in the process. So, as you map out the structure of your speech, you’ll learn how much time to allow for each part, and what content should be included to reach that timing. Let’s start with impromptu introductions, which require five key ingredients. First, the hook. All good speeches should create a strong first impression. For impromptu, hooks generally come in the form of a personal or well-known anecdote that’s related to the meaning of your prompt and thesis. If you choose a famous story, consider picking something simple that you know well, like the plot of a fable you’ve been taught or a movie you’ve watched. These anecdotes are the quickest to think of and can often be told smoothly without much preparation. For instance, if we suddenly asked you to retell the tale of Snow White, or your vacation last summer, you probably remember quite well what happened. In total, you should spend approximately 40 seconds on your hook, which is about six sentences. Second, the transition sentence or sentences. It’s important to link your hook to the prompt so the audience can see how they relate together. This link should be approximately one to two sentences, no more than ten seconds. For instance, let’s say the last sentence of your hook is, “The story of Snow White ends as a happy one, as the princess wakes up after true love’s kiss from her Prince Charming.” You wouldn’t want to immediately follow it with, “This quote by Stephen King says, “The trust of the innocent is the liar's most useful tool.” Why? Because the audience wouldn’t understand how Snow White is related to “innocence” or “liars.” So, ask yourself, what do the story and the quote have in common? Well, if you recall, Snow White was too innocent, trusting the old lying granny who sold her the apple. Let’s try to use this information to link the hook and the quote together. Your transition might be: “Fairytales such as these don’t exist, with innocent people often getting hurt rather than living out their ‘happily ever after.’” Notice how this sentence makes the connection between the hook and prompt by comparing how fairytales are different from real life. Third, the prompt and your interpretation. Even with a transition sentence, it’s helpful to add a dependent clause before you present your prompt. A dependent clause is a group of words that cannot be used alone; they instead provide additional information for the independent clause, which in this case, is your prompt. Avoid directly saying things like, “the prompt I got today is…” Be a little bit more subtle in your language. You could do this one in of two ways. One: link specific parts of the hook directly to the prompt. You could say something like this: “Snow White’s trusting actions are exactly what Stephen King described in his quote…” Two: If your transition sentence is already clear, use a conventional phrase like: “This brings me to today’s quote…”, or “Which is why we see in today’s quote…”, or “This story is fitting with today’s quote…” You can of course replace the word “quote” with proverb, word, or picture, depending on what type of prompt you’re given. Now for your interpretation. If your prompt is a quote or proverb, spending a sentence to explain its meaning is enough. Elaborate on who or what the prompt refers to and what kind of tone it sets. If there are any hidden meanings, then you might add an extra sentence or two. For word prompts, take more time to describe or define it, giving an example of how this word is commonly used. For picture prompts, read off any text, and describe the picture and its purpose. In total, introducing the prompt and your interpretation of it should take about 20 seconds. Fourth: the thesis statement, which its main objective is summed up in one clear, concise, and debatable sentence. This should take no more than five seconds. Finally, your roadmap (also called the preview), which outlines your speech’s three main points. Usually, in other speeches, your roadmap would include your three claims. However, because most impromptu speakers don’t have time to fully brainstorm these claims during prep, it’s common practice to simply introduce the three stories you plan to talk about in two or three sentences, which is your final 15 seconds. The best way to make this short and simple is to create story titles for each example or to refer to the names of the people or groups you plan to talk about. And there you have, five key parts and their timeline for building a one-minute and 30-second introduction. In the second part of this article, you’ll see an example of a good introduction, and then we’ll break down body paragraphs and conclusions.

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How To Judge Impromptu

Basic understanding.

Impromptu is a public speaking event where students have seven minutes to select a topic, brainstorm their ideas, outline the speech, and finally, deliver the speech. The speech is given without notes and uses an introduction, body, and conclusion. The speech can be light-hearted or serious. The speech can be based upon prompts that range from nursery rhymes, current events, celebrities, organizations, and more.

In an Impromptu round the speaker draws three prompts from an envelope. After drawing the three prompts, the student must select one and begin brainstorming their ideas for the speech. In total, a student has seven minutes. This seven minutes may be divided up by the student however they see fit. For instance, they could brainstorm and outline their ideas for three minutes and then deliver a four-minute speech; or they could brainstorm and outline for one minute and speak for six minutes. There is no minimum amount of time required for brainstorming and no minimum amount of time for speaking. Therefore, the student should work to develop the best possible structure and reasoning in as short amount of time as possible. Sometimes students think it’s more impressive to speak longer, but if the ideas aren’t clear or well developed, it can detract from the overall performance.

Conversely, a well-thought out but short speech restricts a student’s ability to spend adequate time analyzing the prompt. Therefore, examine which students struck the best balance between preparation and speaking. An Impromptu speech follows a basic structure in which a student presents an introduction, body, and conclusion. Similar to other public speaking events, the introduction should provide adequate context for the trajectory of the speech. If a student has illustrated an example, conveyed their chosen prompt, and provided a thesis statement for the speech, they have created a structurally sound introduction! The most common formulation for the body of the speech is to explore two or three topic areas in greater depth. For example, if a student’s thesis focuses on cultivating innovation, they would likely introduce two effective ways to do so and use examples to prove their point. Following this, the student will conclude the speech by reiterating the prompt, thesis, and main arguments.

As a judge, ask yourself if the speaker has created sound arguments, used a structure that was easy to follow, and held your attention for the duration of their speaking time. Students who do well in those three categories have demonstrated effective Impromptu speaking skills.

Evaluating the Round

When evaluating an Impromptu round, consider three main criteria.

First, organization . Does the student have a clear structure to their speech? Are transitions used to move effectively between each part of the speech? Does the development of the speech make sense?

Second, analysis . Does the student directly address the prompt? Does the student develop justifications for their ideas and establish significance to the points?

Third, delivery . Does the student use voice, movement, and expression effectively? Is the speaker confident? Is there consistent eye contact? Is the volume appropriate?

Filling Out the Ballot

Performers are ranked compared to the other students in their room with the best performance receiving the one ranking. The judge may also assign speaker points, typically in a range from 90 and 100, with 100 being outstanding.

The judge writes on the ballot how the speaker can improve (e.g., eye contact, clarity, emotion, etc.) and what the student did well. This is an educational activity and all feedback is welcome. Please make sure the feedback is constructive and not merely critical.

10 top tips for delivering an impromptu speech

No time to prepare take heart – and take note..

For many of us it’s the worst-case scenario – suddenly having to deliver an impromptu presentation. Being asked to speak in public is a major challenge for many leaders. Being asked to speak spontaneously as well as publicly can catapult the task straight into the very-difficult, to-be-avoided-at-all-times-I’d-rather-die category. The negative possibilities appear grave – your brain freezes, you mumble incoherently, or you appear to lose all gravitas.

Yet these scenarios happen all the time – introducing yourself at networking events, giving a toast at a company party, unexpectedly being pulled into a meeting to give an update, having a colleague directly turn to you in the middle of a presentation for input or being asked an unexpected question on a panel.

While you may wish for thorough preparation, giving an  extemporaneous  speech can mark you out as an excellent communicator. It’s how you handle yourself when you are least prepared that often demonstrates your leadership and influencing abilities.

Here are 10 top tips for performing – and presenting – under unexpected pressure.

• Be confident – look up, breathe deeply, say to yourself something positive – ‘I’m going to be fine’.
• Focus on the audience – Every presentation, including impromptu ones, need to be audience centric. The audience will be on your side – focus on what will be useful to them.
• Less is more – Avoid the tendency to ramble. An audience is far more likely to listen if you stay on target and are succinct. In fact, they’ll love you for it. Keep it short and to the point. Remember the Power of 3 – stick to three key points.
• Have a structure – Tell them what you are going to tell them; tell them; tell them what you told them. In the main section use a simple structure. For example:
• Past / Present/ future
• Cause / Effect / Remedy
• Before / The Event / The Result
• Primacy and recency – The audience will remember the first and last things you say. Make sure these are therefore powerful and linked to your key message.
• Talk conversationally – imagine you are speaking to your best friend and let yourself be authentic and natural.
• Personalise your speech & have a relevant story . Share from personal experience. No need to research, no need to investigate, and no need to memorise anything. When in doubt about what to say, just tell a story from your past related to the situation. Stories are memorable.
• Demonstrate powerful body language – Stand tall on both feet, resist the urge to slump or fiddle, use big gestures, smile and get eye contact with your audience.
• Use a credible voice tone – Go slowly! Hurrying will increase any feelings of unease you have. Take your time. Breathe deeply. Deliver your words slowly and use pauses.
• Turn your impromptu session into a Q&A session – For lengthier impromptu speeches re-frame the session as a Q&A session, which are probably easier for you to answer individually and breaks a session up into a series of very small impromptu interventions. Also, the content comes directly from the audience, so you are guaranteed to deliver what they are seeking.

Whilst we can still enjoy the famous tongue-in-cheek Mark Twain quote ‘it usually takes more than three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech’, you now know what to do when confronted by the dreaded impromptu business presentation. Now all you have to do is practise on the edge of discomfort.

Appeared in Management Today – April 2018

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Impromptu Speech: Meaning, Tips And Skills

Whether it’s tackling unexpected job interview questions or bidding farewell to a colleague, we have all been in situations where…

Whether it’s tackling unexpected job interview questions or bidding farewell to a colleague, we have all been in situations where we were asked to talk about a subject on the spot. These are some examples of impromptu speech, which means exactly how it sounds.

Even though it’s often unexpected, you can always practice impromptu speaking. It not only helps you be confident in your delivery but also makes meaningful speeches that leave a lasting impression on your audience.

Meaning Of Impromptu Speech

The good and bad of impromptu speaking, how to give an impromptu speech.

When you deliver a speech without any prior preparation, it’s known as an impromptu speech. The word impromptu means without preparation or organization. While impromptu speaking may seem intimidating and not as glamorous as a well-prepared speech, it’s an essential skill to master. You may find yourself in various scenarios where you’re asked to share a few words. Here are some common instances that often encourage an impromptu speech:

Small talk at networking events or parties

Exchanging opinions in business meetings

Weddings and other celebrations

Sharing your experience when you’re leaving an organization

A speaker goes missing and you need to fill in at the last minute

As you can see, an impromptu speech can be as professional as sharing opinions in a meeting or as informal as a toast at a party. Either way, you’re expected to say something smart and meaningful.

The Good And Bad Of Impromptu Speaking

In an impromptu speech, you’re in an advantageous position as you get to choose the topics you want to talk about. You can enhance the quality of your speech by using personal anecdotes and real-life examples. As you aren’t prepared, you’re likely to deliver your speech as if you were in a conversation with another person. Speaking with conviction makes you sound confident and impresses your audience.

At the same time, impromptu speaking means not being well-prepared. Collecting your thoughts may be time-consuming if you don’t have much knowledge about the topic. Even if you’re familiar with a topic, your speech may lack relevant details. Moreover, if the audience doesn’t engage or ask questions, you may miss out on significant content.

However, speaking without prior preparation shouldn’t be so difficult. There are several strategies that can help you brush up on impromptu speaking skills and deal with any situation confidently.

Communication is an integral part of our lives and speech is one of its fundamental components. Language wouldn’t have evolved like it has without the help of speech. Impromptu speech, in particular, gives you the liberty to explore ideas, opinions and perspectives while sharing them with an audience. Here are some impromptu speech tips that’ll help you deliver your content confidently while captivating and convincing your audience of your thoughts:

Organize Your Thoughts

If you’re speaking in front of an audience unprepared, the first thing you should do is collect and organize your thoughts. When you start making points in your head, you gain clarity and direction regarding your topic. This further helps you prioritize and filter out unnecessary elements from your speech.

Go With The Flow

While formal situations such as business meetings and conferences may require you to be mindful of the information you share; informal situations like parties and gatherings can be candid and light-hearted. It’s best to be as candid as possible and not force yourself to behave in a certain way. This further helps you feel relaxed and use a conversational tone with your audience.

Share From Personal Experience

It’s best to focus on yourself and your surroundings. When you speak from personal experience, you’re not only familiar with the topic, you don’t require much preparation time. Storytelling is a great way to increase audience engagement. Personal anecdotes and examples can make a huge difference.

Start A Q&A Session

If you’re caught off-guard and you’re unsure about what to say or present, you can start your speech by engaging in a question-and-answer session. An interactive start will not only involve the audience but will also keep them captivated till the end. This is particularly helpful in situations where a speaker is absent and you’re filling in for them.

Use A Written Paragraph Approach

Speaking successfully involves the same outline as a written paragraph. There is an introduction, main idea discussion, supporting examples and conclusion. This structure is generally followed by people who prepare their speeches in advance. Following such an outline can help you organize your thoughts and improve the flow of the speech.

Working on your speaking skills should be a part of your career-development strategy. Harappa’s  Speaking Effectively course will teach you how to strengthen your communication skills and create ever-lasting impressions on people. The PAM Framework will help you understand your Purpose, Audience and Message better, while the Non-Verbal Cues framework will help you exhibit confidence. Be the speaker that everyone takes notice of. Start your learning journey today!

Explore topics such as Art of  Public Speaking , What is  Business Communication , Importance Of  Speaking Skills ,  Presentation Techniques  and  Audience Analysis  from Harappa Diaries to build a personal brand that inspires, motivates and guides others.

80+ Impromptu Speech Topics & 7 Ways to Nail One

What is an impromptu speech.

An impromptu speech is one delivered without prior notification and preparation. For certain persons who may not be easily open to giving public speeches, an impromptu speech may be a total scare in general. However, there are ways to make sure that impromptu speeches are not as scary as it may come off, all it just needs is a little confidence and you are good to go.

How to give a killer impromptu speech?

An impromptu speech can be casual, professional or formal. In whatever form it takes, one thing is sure; impromptu speeches come into play without prior information to the speaker. As it is usually said, what counts is not how you address an issue when you are prepared but how you manage a situation in your least prepared moment.

Imagine you are in a meeting at work and your boss suddenly asks for your opinion, or about the process and challenges that you are facing on your project and the support you need to overcome them. This has happened to me, and imagine that it did happen to you also, and if you are not prepared both in terms of having actually prepared for that meeting (knowing you’d have to speak), and in terms of how to handle such situations (speak in front of others), then it’s really hard to not play the fool.

Rest assured, because after you read the tips that will be shared below, you will be more prepared to handle such situations and in some cases, you might just be able to deliver a memorable speech and inspire someone without much ‘preparation.’

6 Great Tips to Help You Nail Your Next Impromptu Speech Presentation

Here are some of the amazing tips you need to ace your impromptu speech presentation. I will be sharing some impromptu speech examples, because I believe it will be easier for you to visualize what an impromptu speech might look like.

1. Seek the truth (Avoid Lying)

When you say your truth, you can never run out of what to say, since it also happened to you, or is something you have analyzed. This way, you can easily begin to make the same analysis on the stage without having to blab on it.

2. Share an Experience / Speak from Experience

With experience, you don’t need research, studying or memorization. You already have ample knowledge of the subject and hence, you have no need for research or assistance. This way, the speech becomes easier to share as it is already all in your head. Take for instance, when you are called to talk about examinations. Surely, this is something you have had to undergo in the past, so, you most definitely have a story to tell.

ive out the best way to write and exams based on your past experience. It is also good to mix your speech with certain comic reliefs of what happened in your time while preparing for your own examinations.

3. Always practice for a few Scenarios

4. pen it down .

Especially when you’re someone who isn’t so good at giving speeches off the top of your head, this will help marvelously.

Let’s say you were told 10 min before that you are supposed to give an impromptu speech, your next course of action should be to immediately you take advantage of the heads up – write out the important points of the speech you’re about to give.

5. Memorize

6. take charge of your impromptu speech.

Never forget to tell your audience the speech was impromptu. With this, you have a clean slate with your audience. You are the master of your time and so, you can choose how you maneuver your audience.

Start your speech in a charming way, tell a story (that relates to the occasion), in the while keep thinking of your ending structure. For instance, on that project meeting you could start by telling the story of how your team was busy dealing with contractors, and some challenges that they faced (while you think of the best support you’d like to have, and who should give such support).

Own your time and you will own your impromptu speech, regardless of whether you got a heads up or not.

7. Make a Strong Conclusion

Going back to our project meeting example, you could, for example, you could end your impromptu speech by saying:

“Despite all the challenges that I shared just now, we manage to pull through and get much of the work done, about 80%, and also aligned with the contractor to avoid such issues in the future. We need, however, to get your support to discuss about the implications of this delay with the customer CXO, before they complain so that we avoid looking like neglectful in front of them.

S ituations when you may be called upon to give an impromptu speech 

Relevant formula for acing an impromptu speech, the fac formula.

Give a thruthful opinion on a subject matter. It may be based on your personal belief or opinion, or also based on experience. which ever form it takes, make sure such feeling is honest and truthful to the best of your knowledge. Basically, you have to espouse originality and honesty in showing your feelings for a place or subject.

 Nothing intrigues as much as a story. share a story that relates to the subject. Make it something interesting yet relevant to the point of discourse.

– CORRELATION

An illustration of the workings of the fac formula.

I’m called upon to give an impromptu speech as the best man of a friends wedding. The first step following the FAC formula is to share my truth about the groom or the bride or whoever I am to represent.

This is a basic example as to how the FAC formula work. It’s short, easy to understand and also very relatable. The FAC FORMULA is also applicable in both formal and informal settings.

80+ Impromptu Speech Topics and Examples

Impromptu speech topics on improving work performance, impromptu  speech ideas on wealth and finance , impromptu speech topics for the office , impromptu speech topics on good communication .

Part II . 9 Tips for Writing and Amazing Informative Speech and 120+ Topic Ideas

Part III. 5 Quick Tips on how to Give an Effective Motivational Speech

Part VII. Explanatory Speech: 7 Key Tips to Help You Deliver an Effective Speech

Part X. Public Speaking Contests: 7 Ways to Nail at Forensic Speech Competitions

Part XI. 80+ Impromptu Speech Topics & 7 Ways to Nail One

Part XII. 13 Ways to Effectively Deliver Pitching Presentations

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How to Deliver a Perfect Extemporaneous Speech: Tips, Tricks & Topics

• The Speaker Lab
• June 8, 2024

Table of Contents

Extemporaneous speech is essential for anyone who wants to be a public speaking superstar. Instead of reciting every word from memory, you get to speak off-the-cuff and really connect with your audience. Your personality gets to shine, and the best part is, you don’t have to be a natural-born speaker to achieve this.

In this post, we’ll break down the key elements of effective impromptu speaking and share actionable tips to help you hone your skills. From developing a clear structure to using body language to reinforce your points, you’ll learn how to speak with authority and authenticity. Whether you’re a seasoned toastmaster or a new to the speaking scene, these strategies will help you connect with your audience and make a lasting impact. Get ready to take your speaking skills to the next level!

What Is An Extemporaneous Speech?

Extemporaneous speech is a form of speech that involves speaking with limited or no preparation time. Typically, you rely on your knowledge of the topic and your ability to organize your thoughts quickly. When you step on stage, you might have a general idea of what you want to say, but the exact words come to you in the moment.

Advantages of Extemporaneous Speech

Because you aren’t trying to remember lines or find your place in your script, extemporaneous speaking is a great way to engage your audience and show off your public speaking skills. Eye contact, hand gestures , and reacting to the crowd’s energy make your speech feel genuine and captivating.

Extemporaneous speaking can also help you become a better public speaker overall. When you have to think on your feet, you learn how to organize your thoughts quickly and communicate your ideas clearly. This skill can come in handy in all sorts of situations, from job interviews to networking events.

How to Prepare for an Extemporaneous Speech

Just because extemporaneous speeches involve limited preparation time doesn’t mean you should wing it entirely. Instead, there are a few key steps you can take to set yourself up for success.

Researching Your Topic

First and foremost, you need to know your stuff. Even if you only have a few minutes to prepare, taking the time to research your topic can make a big difference. Look for key facts, statistics, and examples that you can use to support your points.

If you’re given a prompt or question to answer, make sure you understand it fully. Don’t be afraid to ask for clarification if needed. The more you know about your topic, the easier it will be to speak about it confidently.

Creating an Outline

You’ve put in the legwork, now it’s time to connect the dots. An outline is the key for keeping your speech tight and on-point. Start with your main points, then sprinkle in supporting facts and relatable examples to really hammer your message home. Although it might seem like extra work, a little structure goes a long way.

Keep in mind that your outline doesn’t need to be super detailed. A few bullet points or key phrases can be enough to jog your memory and keep you on track. The goal is to have a roadmap to follow, not a word-for-word script.

Practicing Your Delivery

Finally, don’t forget to practice. Even if you don’t have time to memorize your speech, running through it a few times can help you feel more confident and prepared. Focus on speaking clearly, making eye contact, and using gestures to emphasize your points.

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Tips for Delivering an Effective Extemporaneous Speech

You’ve done the work of researching, outlining, and rehearsing your extemporaneous speech. Now it’s showtime. Here are some quick tips to make sure you deliver a knockout performance.

Engaging Your Audience

Extemporaneous speaking gives you an incredible opportunity to bond with your listeners. As you speak, try to make eye contact with individuals in the audience. Smile warmly and use natural gestures to underscore your points. Keep your audience interested by varying your tone and pace throughout your speech.

If you notice your audience starting to tune out, don’t be afraid to switch things up. Ask a question, tell a story, or use a visual aid to re-engage them. The more you can involve your audience in your speech, the more impactful it will be.

Using Appropriate Vocabulary

When you’re speaking off the cuff, it can be tempting to use big words or jargon to sound smart. But in reality, using simple, clear language is often more effective. Avoid using words that your audience might not understand and focus on getting your point across in a way that everyone can follow.

In addition, use expressive language to really draw your readers in. The more vivid the description, the easier it’ll be for them to picture what you’re saying—and that means they’ll be hooked on every word.

Maintaining a Conversational Tone

One of the keys to effective extemporaneous speaking is sounding natural and conversational. Avoid reading from your notes or sounding like you’re reciting a memorized script. Instead, try to speak as if you’re having a one-on-one conversation with your audience. Additionally, use contractions, ask rhetorical questions, and don’t be afraid to show your personality. The more authentic and relatable you sound, the more your audience will connect with you and your message.

Handling Nerves

Public speaking can be nerve-wracking, especially when you’re speaking off the cuff. But there are a few things you can do to calm your nerves and project confidence.

Kick off your talk by consciously slowing your breathing. Inhale deeply, hold it for a beat, then let it out gradually. Repeat this a few times to lower your heart rate and soothe your anxiety.

Next, try to reframe your nerves as excitement. Instead of focusing on what could go wrong, think about the opportunity to share your ideas and connect with your audience. With a little practice and preparation, you’ll be able to handle your nerves like a pro.

Common Extemporaneous Speech Topics

Now that you know how to prepare and deliver an extemporaneous speech, let’s talk about some common topics you might encounter.

Political Issues

From healthcare to immigration, political issues are a common topic for extemporaneous speeches. If you’re asked to speak about a political issue, try to focus on the facts and avoid getting too partisan. Use reliable sources to back up your points and be prepared to answer questions from the audience.

Social Concerns

Social issues like poverty, education, and discrimination are another common topic for extemporaneous speeches. When speaking about social concerns, try to focus on solutions rather than just problems. Use examples and statistics to illustrate your points and be prepared to discuss the potential impact of your ideas.

Environmental Matters

From climate change to conservation, environmental issues are a hot topic for extemporaneous speeches. When speaking about the environment, try to focus on the science and avoid getting too political. Use reliable sources to back up your points and be prepared to discuss the potential impact of your ideas on both the environment and society as a whole.

Technological Advancements

From artificial intelligence to space exploration, technological advancements are a fascinating topic for extemporaneous speeches. When speaking about technology, try to focus on the potential benefits and drawbacks for society. In addition, use examples and analogies to help your audience understand complex concepts and be prepared to discuss the ethical implications of new technologies.

Extemporaneous Speaking in Different Contexts

Extemporaneous speaking is a powerful tool in your communication arsenal. It’s not just for those high-pressure moments on stage or at the podium. Rather, this skill can come in clutch whether you’re raising your hand in class or pitching a game-changing idea to your colleagues.

Academic Settings

Picture this: you’re in class, and suddenly, you’re asked to share your thoughts on a topic. Giving your answer is extemporaneous speaking in action. In these situations, it’s essential to focus on the facts and back up your ideas with solid sources. Don’t be afraid to use examples to paint a clearer picture for your classmates and professor.

If people start asking you questions, don’t worry! Questions are a good thing because they show that people are engaged with what you’re saying. So embrace the opportunity to speak off-the-cuff and let your knowledge shine.

Business Presentations

In the business world, extemporaneous speaking is often used for pitches, meetings, and networking events. When speaking in a business context, try to focus on the benefits of your ideas and use data to back up your points. Be prepared to answer questions from your colleagues and clients and use storytelling to make your ideas more memorable.

Special Occasions

From weddings to funerals, extemporaneous speaking is often called for on special occasions. When speaking at a special event, try to focus on the emotions of the moment and use personal anecdotes to connect with your audience. In addition, be prepared to adapt your message to the tone of the event and use humor or sentiment as appropriate.

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Improving Your Extemporaneous Speaking Skills

While extemporaneous speaking may seem daunting at first, there are several ways to improve your skills. Embrace these methods, and you’ll soon find yourself delivering off-the-cuff remarks with ease and authority.

Joining Speech Clubs

One of the best ways to improve your extemporaneous speaking skills is to join a speech club like Toastmasters. These clubs provide a supportive environment where you can practice your skills, get feedback from other speakers, and learn from more experienced members. Plus, they’re a great way to network and build your confidence.

Participating in Speech Contests

Ready to take your speaking skills to the next level? Then try your hand at a speech contest. In these contests, you’ll have the chance to compete against other passionate speakers, get valuable feedback straight from the judges, and really challenge yourself to be the best speaker you can be. Although it can be a high-pressure environment, it can also help you grow your speaking skills significantly.

Seeking Feedback

Finally, don’t be afraid to seek feedback from others. Whether it’s from a mentor, a colleague, or a friend, getting an outside perspective can help you identify areas for improvement and refine your skills. Be open to constructive criticism and use it to grow as a speaker.

Analyzing Successful Speakers

To level up your speaking game, study the greats. Whether you’re watching videos of iconic speeches or sitting in the front row of a live event, pay close attention to what makes each speaker so effective. Maybe it’s their confident body language, their clever use of jokes, or the way they weave in personal stories. Whatever it is, jot it down and experiment with incorporating those elements into your own presentations.

Transforming into a powerful extemporaneous speaker is a process that demands patience and perseverance. So embrace the challenge, learn from your experiences, and watch as your ability to connect with audiences in any context flourishes.

FAQs in Relation to Extemporaneous Speech

What are extemporaneous speeches.

Extemporaneous speeches blend prep with spontaneity. Speakers outline main points, using note cards for reference, not memorization.

What’s the difference between impromptu and extemporaneous speech?

Impromptu speaking is totally on-the-fly, no notes or prep. Extemporaneous involves some planning and key points but still allows room for natural delivery.

What is an example of delivering extemporaneous speech?

An executive sharing a project update at an unexpected meeting, leaning on prepared stats but weaving in real-time feedback from colleagues.

What are the rules for extemporaneous speeches?

In contests, you’re allowed brief preparation time to organize thoughts around provided topics. Use bullet points or outlines onstage—no full scripts allowed.

Extemporaneous speech is a powerful tool that can transform the way you connect with your audience. Preparing thoroughly and practicing regularly are essential, but don’t forget to be yourself. Conviction in your knowledge and heartfelt words will allow your distinctive voice to resonate with others. Keep at it, and before long, you’ll be expressing yourself effortlessly, confidently, and powerfully.

So, are you ready to inspire your audience with your words and presence? By embracing the tips and strategies we’ve covered, you’ll be well on your way to delivering speeches that resonate, inspire, and leave a lasting impact. You’ve got the power to captivate and motivate—now go out there and own it!

• Last Updated: June 4, 2024

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Impromptu speech tips

What are some good tips for impromptu speeches for a public speaking class? My teacher said that on Monday she'll give us a random quote and we'll have 10 minutes in class to craft a 1-2 minute impromptu speech that we'll be reciting that same day around that quote and it must include a thesis, 3 main points and a conclusion tying everything in together.

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Elizabeth Hurley Dishes on ‘Simple’ Way She Maintains Her Ageless Beauty

• Author: Devon Forward

Elizabeth Hurley might be 58, but fans constantly compliment the star on her youthful beauty, and now the English actress is sharing about how she maintains her great looks. 

Hurley opened up about what she does to maintain her health in a new interview with the Sydney Morning Herald , telling the publication, "My tastes are pretty simple—I don’t drink weird green juices or anything like that."

Elaborating, she explained, "I’ve always watched what I eat, since forever. I’ve never wanted to eat processed food. Right back to my teens, I’ve always looked at the labels on food."

She added that she has cut out ultra-processed ingredients in the last year, declaring that her diet is "very normal" and "definitely not anything new-fangled or weird.”

At the start of 2024, Hurley shared similar comments about what she eats as she gave fans tips , telling them to focus on portions and what time they eat throughout the day. As for exercise, Hurley declared in her new interview, "I don’t go to the gym, but I’m very active ... I don’t really sit still very much," noting that she also has a passion for gardening.

While Hurley's day-to-day self-care seems simple, she still admitted that she makes an effort on her appearance, as it's a key part of her career.

"I work for a cosmetic company, I work for fashion companies, I have my own fashion company, I’m in high definition on massive cinema screens," she said. "So it’s my business to make more effort ... of course I do, it’s my bread and butter.”

Recently, the actress and model shared a behind-the-scenes look at a recent photoshoot that featured the star striking poses while wearing a two-piece silver outfit with sparkling fringe embellishments. The photoshoot took place in a bathroom, with Hurley managing to make a cloth shower curtain look high-fashion. 

Next: Elizabeth Hurley Was "Born to Wear a Bikini" in New Photos From Paradise

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Opinion What Biden needs to say about the economy if he wants to win

Post readers weigh in on housing costs, municipal bonds and the value of home ownership.

Regarding the June 1 news article “ Skyrocketing rents and home prices may be pivotal in election ”:

I agree there’s a really good chance that President Biden can lose Nevada because of housing costs. Along with programs he has already proposed to increase supply — which are sensible but too slow-moving to make an immediate difference, as well as meaningless to low-information and desperate voters who only see that their rent or mortgage is expensive and are looking for someone to blame — I don’t understand why the campaign is not mercilessly hammering the current situation that allows, in fact, encourages, Wall Street and real estate investment trusts to snap up homes and apartments to raise rents and strangle supply.

People are so desperate and resentful out here that Donald Trump’s ridiculous “solutions” have real emotional “blow it up” appeal. Attacking Wall Street and real estate funds (like the one operated by Jared Kushner’s family business) that are worsening and profiting from the housing shortage would counter Mr. Trump’s bluster with an honest and powerful emotional appeal of its own.

Kurt Strahm , Reno, Nev.

Both Catherine Rampell in her May 29 Wednesday Opinion column, “ Nearly everything Americans think about the economy is wrong ,” and President Biden and his administration continue to boast about the booming U.S. economy. While everything Ms. Rampell and the president say is technically true, their arguments ignore the wide swath of the American population living on fixed incomes or whose net income has not kept up with inflation over the last three years.

These folks, from across the political spectrum, are being forced to choose between putting food on the table and necessary prescription medications and are facing eviction because of skyrocketing rents. I urge Mr. Biden to use his considerable rhetorical powers of empathy to tell these citizens that he understands and feels their pain and promise to make their plight a top priority for his administration. The outcome of the election in November might be decided by this demographic.

B.K. Krueger , Ellicott City

What a home is worth

I listened to the May 22 episode of the “Impromptu” podcast, “ Is home ownership the wrong dream for America? ” From my perspective, the potential financial risks and benefits of homeownership are more complicated than the views The Post’s commentators offered during the episode.

I have owned five different homes in my 70 years. Some of those houses were great investments and some weren’t. On one hand, my ex-wife and I lost quite a bit of money on our Denver home when the oil business crashed in 1986 and I lost my job at a major oil company. On the other hand, I bought a house in a suburb of Austin five years ago, and my monthly mortgage payment is 45 percent less than my millennial neighbors’ monthly rent. I have noticed that most of my millennial neighbors buy fancy new cars, eat out often and aren’t having kids. They aren’t making the choices I would make, but if that’s what they want to do with their lives, good for them. I am very glad I bought my house five years ago.

Ralph Kerr Jr. , Leander, Tex.

Realizing the American Dream

Regarding Lee E. Ohanian and James A. Schmitz’s May 29 op-ed, “ How the wheels came off affordable housing ”:

Mr. Ohanian and Mr. Schmitz rightly acknowledged the important role manufactured housing has in addressing the country’s housing supply shortage. It’s a shame that their argument was so negative about the very homes they wanted to champion. We should be clear: Manufactured housing is safe and highly regulated. Just last week, acting Housing and Urban Development secretary Adrianne Todman touted the robust construction requirements for our homes during a speech on the National Mall. The reason to update federal law to allow manufactured homes to be built with or without a chassis is to expand the range of manufactured home designs available to better fit into communities across the country.

Allowing manufactured homes to be built without a permanent chassis offers a new option, not a replacement, for the homes the industry is constructing today. Today’s manufactured homes are the only type of residential housing subject to robust federal compliance and quality assurance regulations for health, energy efficiency and durability, including construction and installation in compliance with rigorous, engineer-approved rules and HUD codes that account for wind zones. Our consumer research consistently shows how much people love living in our homes and we are excited about offering manufactured housing to more people in need of quality homes with design features that meet today’s lifestyle at price points that are within reach.

In contrast to much of the aging stock for sale or rent, manufactured housing offers consumers modern designs, attractive finishes, smart features and energy efficiencies, all with an average purchase price of $125,000.

Our industry supports removing the federal chassis requirement to create more flexibility for manufactured housing to reach its full potential and to allow the industry to continue to innovate.

To do so, the Department of Housing and Urban Development will need to consult with the Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee to establish construction requirements for homes not on a permanent chassis and state laws must be amended to reflect the new definition so that lenders’ and consumers’ rights are not unintentionally compromised.

We all agree that boosting the supply of manufactured housing will strengthen homeownership opportunities and give new options to renters.

Lesli Gooch , Alexandria

The writer is chief executive of the Manufactured Housing Institute.

Don’t target seniors

In the May 29 Metro article “ New tax hikes in budget proposal ,” The Post reported that the D.C. Council is proposing a tax on interest from out-of-state municipal bonds to help close the budget gap for fiscal 2025. City officials have praised the new budget for not raising income taxes. But these claims ignore the impact one of these proposals in particular would have on city seniors.

Since 1973 , D.C. has exempted out-of-state municipal bonds from local taxes because it issues so few bonds compared with other jurisdictions. During financial crises, someone usually proposes removing this exemption. This last happened in 2011 but was voted down when statistical evidence showed the tax would unfairly target retirees and other seniors.

Those who regard municipal bonds as tax loopholes for the rich are uninformed. These securities appeal primarily to those on fixed incomes because of their relative safety and dependability. While municipal bonds offer no growth potential, they provide protection from stock-market fluctuations. In exchange for their tax-exempt status, investors accept a lower rate of return. Many D.C. residents — most of them older and middle-income — have purchased out-of-state municipal bonds in the belief they would remain exempt from D.C. tax. The proposed change would increase their tax burdens substantially — for some, perhaps catastrophically. They couldn’t switch to lower-tax investments without incurring substantial commissions and risking loss of principal. Implementing the tax would completely upend many carefully thought-out retirement plans.

Also, unlike in 2011, there’s no provision in the current draft budget to grandfather existing investments. This could mean that bondholders will be taxed retroactively on interest already earned.

If this tax is implemented, D.C. investors would be stripped of opportunities available to all other U.S. taxpayers. They couldn’t diversify risk if they invested in the few D.C. bonds available (which are rated lower than comparable Maryland and Virginia bonds). Nor could they invest in tax-exempt single-state bond funds, because D.C. can’t support one. D.C. would achieve the dubious distinction of being the only city in the United States whose residents would pay tax on all municipal bonds issued outside its borders.

Finally, it’s likely the tax would produce less revenue than projected, as it doesn’t take into consideration how D.C. taxpayers will respond. Many are likely to turn to still-advantageous alternatives such as stocks that pay qualified dividends. Some might even move to other jurisdictions.

The mayor and council should find another way to address the budget shortfall that doesn’t unfairly target seniors and retirees.

Lorie Leavy , Washington

An unprecedented tax on municipal bonds from any jurisdiction other than D.C. itself would be a huge blow to me and thousands of other senior citizens who have held such bonds for many years.

This tax was never discussed in advance, as far as I know. Citizens had no opportunity to express our views about it. It seems like a very unfair way to do business, and a very unfair tax. If I lived anywhere else in the country, I could invest in a diversified mutual bond fund exempt from local and federal taxes. D.C. already has one of the higher income tax rates in the nation, and is one of only about a dozen states to impose an estate or inheritance tax as well . If the city now adds a municipal bond tax, it will drive a lot of us seniors right out of here to friendlier jurisdictions.

Martha Walters , Washington

About letters to the editor

The Post welcomes letters to the editor on any subject, especially those that expand upon the ideas raised by published pieces and those that raise valuable questions about The Post’s practices and choices. Letters should run no more than 400 words, be submitted only to the Post and must be published under your real name. Submit a letter .

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The Napoleon of Your Living Room

Gary Friedman, who runs RH (formerly Restoration Hardware), is out to conquer the world, one luxurious sofa at a time. Next stop, Waterloo?

Gary Friedman, the chief executive of RH, is nicknamed “The Sun” by some executives: He gives off a warm glow on good days and burns you on bad ones. Credit... Cayce Clifford for The New York Times

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By David Segal

• Published June 8, 2024 Updated June 9, 2024, 12:55 p.m. ET

Gary Friedman hates meetings. A 66-year-old with apparently limitless energy and a perpetual tan, Mr. Friedman is the chief executive of RH, one of the country’s largest high-end furniture sellers, and he never holds meetings. Instead, he convenes “adventures.”

To the untrained eye, these look and sound a lot like meetings. But there is a difference. Adventures can last 10 hours, or more.

That’s a typical stretch for Mr. Friedman’s adventures with his architecture and design team, a group of about 20 executives overseeing one of the priciest expansions in the history of American retail. The company is doubling the number of stores, called “galleries” in RH speak, with 35 new ones in the works. Many will cost $20 million or more.

RH sold $3 billion worth of products last year, but Mr. Friedman’s goal is not just to move $10,000 sectional sofas, most of them in earth tones and a style that could be called California Rich. He wants to forge a brand that is so ubiquitous — RH restaurants , RH hotels, RH clothing — that its impact is global.

“I don’t really talk about our vision for the company to Wall Street because they might lock me up,” Mr. Friedman said one recent afternoon, sitting in an RH restaurant not far from headquarters in a suburb of San Francisco. “But our vision is to create an endless reflection of hope, inspiration and love that will ignite the human spirit and change the world.”

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