system of education in uk

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UK Education System Guide

The UK education system is reputed worldwide for its high quality and standards. Britons enter the education system at the age of three, and up to 16 are obliged to attend school (compulsory education), while afterward is upon their choice.

Generally, the British higher education system has five stages of education: 

• Early Years
• Primary Years
• Secondary Education
• Further Education (FE)
• Higher Education (HE) 

Besides sharing many similarities, the UK education system at different levels at each zone of administration (England, Scotland, and Wales) differs a bit. Generally speaking, these differences could be more meaningful if we discuss UK higher education as one.

In the UK, everybody over five and under 16 is obliged to attend school. This aging time frame contains two sections of the education system in the UK: Primary and Secondary Schools.

The Compulsory Education in the UK 

Compulsory education in the UK is divided into four key stages, distinguished by a student’s age. The first stage includes 5 to 7-year-olds, and the fourth and final stage lasts from the age of 14 to age 16. 

Here are the four stages of mandatory education in the UK and the curricula for each key stage:

First Key Stage 

The first key stage in compulsory education in England includes children from 5 to 7 years old, otherwise known as a primary school, comprising the first two years. 

Here are some of the main subjects that this stage of mandatory education includes:

• English Language 
• Mathematics
• Physical Education

During the first year of this stage, the curriculum structure contains the Phonic screening, a short assessment of kids’ ability to decode and understand phonics properly. Typically, the teacher will ask the students to repeat a list of around 40 words out loud. At the end of this stage (the same in all stages), these pupils will sit for an examination to measure their English, Maths, and Science knowledge development.

Second Key Stage

Between 7 to 11 years, pupils will be in the second key stage of compulsory education. The second key stage includes years 3 to 6. At this level, the curriculum is designed to give students a more advanced understanding of the previously gained knowledge on the core subjects. 

At the end of this stage, the school will test students in the following subjects:

• English reading.
• English grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
• Mathematics.

In English and Mathematics, the testing will be done through national assessment tests, while the teacher will independently assess the level of improvement of each student in Science.

Third Key Stage

Pupils aged 11 to 14 belong to the third stage of compulsory education, or years 7 to 9. This education level is essential to a certain degree because only a few years later, they will sit for the GCSE national qualification. 

The curriculum during this stage of education will also contain new subjects at which students are supposed to get some basic knowledge before moving any further in the upcoming stages of education.

The subjects learned in Key Stage 3 are:

• Art and Design
• Physical Education 
• Modern Foreign Languages 
• Design and Technology and Computing

At the end of the third Key Stage, some students may take their GCSE or other national qualifications. 

Fourth Key Stage

The final stage of compulsory education, key stage 4, lasts from 14 to 16 and includes years 10 to 12. The fourth key stage is the most common period for students to undertake the national assessment tests that will lead them to take a GCSE or other national qualifications.

The compulsory national curriculum at this stage contains the “core” and “foundation” subjects.

Here are the “core” subjects taught at the fourth key stage:

And here are the “foundation” subjects taught at the key stage 4:

• Citizenship

Additionally, schools in the UK are obliged to offer one of the following subjects during this stage of education.

• Design and Technology
• Modern Foreign Languages

The Higher Education System in the United Kingdom 

In particular, UK higher education is valued worldwide for its renowned standards and quality. Its higher education’s prestige also emanates from its graduates’ work afterward. Many eminent people in many different areas whose work reached global recognition came from British universities. 

Some universities and other higher education providers are ranked top among universities worldwide. The UK capital city, London, not by accident, is considered to be the world’s capital city of higher education. With its four universities ranked in the world’s top ten, London has the highest number of worldwide-ranked universities per city.

By definition, UK higher education is the level of education that follows secondary school at the hierarchy of the educational system in the UK. When high school is over, Britons have to sit in a standard examination, making them eligible not to continue their education at a higher level.

What is the Difference Between Colleges and Universities?

In the UK education system, in contrast to the US higher education, there is a difference between college and university. While in the US, there is no distinction between college and university, with most people referring to a higher education provider as a college, in the UK, this is not the case. 

In the UK, a college is a further education institution that prepares students to earn a degree. At the same time, a university is a licensed HE institution that awards students with a degree at the end of their studies. 

Studying in the UK as an International Student 

If you’re an international student , you must know that not all higher education providers in the UK are referred to as a university. This issue is regulated by law. 

As this official regulation states, a higher education institution can be labeled as a university under these circumstances:

• If it gets approved by the Privy Council under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.
• If it gets approval under the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

International students from countries other than the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland must apply for a student visa to study in the UK.

The UK Higher Education Degree Levels and Programs

Based on the actual education regulations in the UK education system, Higher Education comprises the following levels of courses. 

1. Undergraduate Courses

Undergraduate courses in the UK include a wide range of first degrees which are listed below.

• Bachelor’s Degree 
• Honors and Ordinary Degrees 
• Qualified Teacher Status 
• Enhanced First Degrees 
• Intercalated Degrees (medical schools or other specific study fields allow students to take a year off between the second and third years to study a different area which can be a BA, BSc, or master’s degree program).

Here are other undergraduate courses: 

• Foundation degrees 
• Higher National Diploma HND (or equivalent) 
• NHC (or equivalent), etc.

An undergraduate course usually takes three years; however, Scotland is an exception, where undergraduate courses take four years to complete. The higher education system in the UK has many universities that offer 4-year undergraduate courses, also known as “ sandwich courses .” This program includes a one-year work experience —usually carried out in the third year.

Keep in mind: Some British universities offer fast-track programs where you can obtain a Master’s degree at the undergraduate level. Unlike traditional undergraduate courses, fast-track programs allow students to attend an additional year of studying instead of taking a Bachelor’s degree which leads to a Master’s program. 

Besides, it costs much less than the typical 3-year undergraduate courses; however, it usually is much more intense with shortened holiday breaks and a heavy schedule.

2. Postgraduate Courses 

The postgraduate degree programs are only obtainable if you have a bachelor’s degree at an accredited university (not necessarily one in England).

The postgraduate level includes the following degrees:

• Master’s Degree (Taught or Research). Master’s degrees usually last one year or longer if they are research-based.
• Doctorate. The typical doctoral degree takes three years to complete. 
• Postgraduate Diplomas.
• Postgraduate Certificates of Education (PGCE).
• Professional Degrees.

Note: To enter this level, it is usually required to have a first degree (Bachelor’s).

The Higher Education Curriculum and Admission Process 

In the UK’s education system, most syllabi are set by the universities offering them and are not controlled by the government or certain British educational institutions. The only exception to this is teacher education programs, which the government has a lot of say over. 

The British government has established the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) to maintain those standards. Most countries have specific regulations for their teachers, so this isn’t any different than studying teaching in your home country. Because of its strict rules and high standards for teacher education programs, the UK is considered to have some of the best teacher education programs in the world.

Even though universities set the syllabi, the Office for Fair Access (OFFA) in the British school system has a lot of say in the admission procedures of each university. This office was created so everyone who wishes to attend university in the UK can do so. They also promote fair access to higher education, even for those attending university as international students. Appropriate access also includes those of different cultures, different races, different nationalities, and those who have disabilities.

UK Tuition Fees and Costs

The reputation of British higher education goes hand in hand with its costs. Tuition fees may vary from university to university, as well as from one location to another.

So it’s always advisable to check the university’s website before making further study plans. Indeed, to attend a British university, you need a lot of money packed in —whether you’re a native or not— but since there are many scholarship schemes , you can always apply for one.

The tuition fees of UK universities also vary depending on the degree level and study program. The average tuition fees for international students range from ~£17,109 (USD 20,876) to  ~£22,200 (USD 27,000). 

• Undergraduate tuition fees: International students pay around £11,400 – £38,000 (USD 13,900 – USD 46,355).
• Postgraduate tuition fees: International students pay around £9,000 – £30,000 (USD 10,980 – USD 36,570)

International students are a substantial part of the student population in British universities. The UK is the second most popular study destination for international students, following the US at the top. If you decide to be one of more than a million international students in the US, you’re one step away from a guaranteed brighter future.

Academics and employers value the UK education system and its higher education degrees worldwide. The UK has a rich history of quality higher education, and each university has excellent options for any student.

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British education system

an introduction to the British education system

The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education.

The education system in the UK is also split into "key stages" which breaks down as follows:

• Key Stage 1:  5 to 7 years old
• Key Stage 2:  7 to 11 years old
• Key Stage 3:  11 to 14 years old
• Key Stage 4:  14 to 16 years old

UK primary education

Primary school education begins in the UK at age 5 and continues until age 11, comprising key stages one and two under the UK educational system.

Some primary schools are split up into Infant and Junior levels. These are usually separate schools on the same site. The infant age range (Key Stage 1) is from age 5 to 7. The Junior age range (Key Stage 2) is from age 7 to 11. The year groups at primary School level are:

Year R (Reception) (age 4 – 5) Year 1 (age 5 - 6) Year 2 (age 6 - 7) The year when SATs testing takes place for Key Stage 1 Year 3 (age 7 - 8) Year 4 (age 8 - 9) Year 5 (age 9 - 10) Year 6 (age 10 - 11) The year when SATs testing takes place for Key Stage 2

secondary school - years 7 and 8

Years 7 and 8 are the first two years of secondary school education in the UK. In some independent schools they are included in the Junior School, in others, they are part of the Senior School. 

Under the UK school system, all students study English, Maths, Sciences, a Humanity and a Modern Language. Besides these subjects, each school has a list with optional subjects (Art, Music, Drama, Latin, Sport Science, Design Technology, Computer Science),  and  students may choose a few subjects that interest them. 

In some schools, students sit the Common Entrance Exam in year 7. There are 3 examination sessions, in November, January and May/June. The transition from Junior to Senior School (from year 8 to year 9) may be conditioned upon the Common Entrance Exam results in those schools.

secondary school - year 9

Year 9 is a very important year in the British school system, as most of the students make the transition from Junior School to Senior School. It is also a very good foundation for the GCSE programme and it is an entry point to all schools. 

Students study English, Maths, Sciences, Humanity and Languages. In addition, students choose a few subjects from the optional subject list offered by each school. 

secondary education - years 10 and 11

GCSE programme

In the last two years of secondary education, which are called Year 10 and Year 11, starting at age 14, students prepare for GCSE exams that are taken after two years (General Certificate of Secondary Education).

In the UK school system, during the GCSE programme, students study between 9 and 12 subjects. Some of them are compulsory (English, Math, 2/3 Sciences, History/Geography, a Modern Language etc.), some are chosen by each student according to their abilities and preferences. At the end of the 2 year GCSE programme, following the examinations on each studied subject, students receive their GCSE Certificates.

The chosen subjects and the GCSE results are very important for their Further Studies (A-Level or IB) and for their University admission.

Intensive 1 year GCSE

Some schools offer a 1 Year GCSE programme in Year 11 for international students seeking a school education in the UK. These intensive, one year courses, are available for students aged 15 plus, with the appropriate academic level from their own country. Fewer subjects are studied (maximum 6).

The IGCSE programme ( International  General Certificate of Secondary Education) prepare international students for A-Level and/or IB.

Students study between 5 and 7 subjects, English, Maths and Science being included. Each school has a list of available subjects for IGCSE students. At the end of Year 11, students take exams in each studied subject and receive IGCSE Certificates.

university preparation - years 12 and 13

A level study

In the UK school system, once a student reaches the age of 16, they can start a 2 year programme which leads to A (Advanced) level examinations. Students specialise in 3 or 4 subjects, that are usually relevant to the degree subject they wish to follow at university. A levels are state examinations and are recognised by all UK universities and by institutions worldwide.

At the end of Year 13, following the examinations in each subject, the students receive A level Certificates.

International Baccalaureate (IB)

Those who would like to study more than 3-4 subjects, may continue their studies in a broader number of subjects with the International Baccaularete Diploma Programme, offered by some independent schools.

During the IB, students study 6 subjects, 3 at higher level (HL) and 3 at standard level (SL). Each school offers different subjects at different study levels (HL/SL). The IB programme also includes a compulsory Core programme consisting of Theory of Knowledge (TOK), Extended Essay (EE) and Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS).

Students take written examinations on each subject at the end of their courses.

further education - vocational courses

International students can either choose a state sixth form college or a college of further education as an alternative to private education. Both offer GCSE and A level courses for students from the age of 16. Colleges of further education also offer foundation and diploma courses. All colleges can prepare students for entry to a  UK university or any university in the world. Bright World works with a number of state colleges in the UK which provide a multitude of vocational and academic courses. These courses can enable students to pursue their chosen career or to gain a place at a university of their choice.

The British school system also extends to BTEC courses which are designed for students who would like to develop practical knowledge and skills in a specific subject (Business, Psychology, Engineering, Sport, Art & Design) and find traditional exams challenging. Focussing on practical, skills-based learning, the BTEC students are assessed during the course. After each unit students are assessed through assignments, tasks or tests, and not at the end of the programme as it happens with GCSE or A-Level students.

university - foundation courses

From age 17, international students can opt to study one year foundation programmes, instead of A levels or IB. These courses lead to private examinations that are an alternative to A levels. Foundation courses at colleges are recognised by universities with whom they have partnerships.

Some universities also offer foundation courses that lead onto their own degree programmes.

Bright World has partnerships with a number of colleges and Pathway providers and can help place students into Foundation and Diploma courses in London and across the UK.

university - undergraduate study

In the UK, a British bachelors degree normally takes three years to complete and most are awarded at honours level. Examples of first degrees are: BA (Bachelor of Arts), BEng (Bachelor of Engineering), and BSc (Bachelor of Science).

State colleges offer some 2 year vocational diplomas that grant exemption from the first and sometimes second year of a degree programme. Some private tutorial colleges offer a one year diploma programme which is equivalent to year 1 of university. Students taking 1 year diplomas are awarded second year entry at some universities.

university - postgraduate study

Postgraduate courses in the UK education system are very intensive. This means that the courses are usually much shorter than in other countries. A master's degree typically takes 12 months to complete, for example an MA - Master of Arts and an MEng - Master of Engineering. An MBA (Master of Business Administration) is a high profile Masters course which can take 2 years. Applicants will usually be high achieving with at least 2 years managerial experience. A PhD research degree in the UK can take between 2 and 7 years.

boarding schools

Bright World works almost exclusively with privately funded schools and colleges. A boarding school is a residential school where pupils live and study during the school year. There are approximately 500 boarding schools across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

UK boarding schools offer pupils an outstanding education, helping them to develop their skills and progress to university. All UK boarding schools have to meet strict government standards on the quality of their teaching, facilities and student care.

Many UK boarding schools combine beautiful, centuries-old buildings with a mix of modern classrooms and traditional architecture. The excellent facilities help make living and learning a great experience and pupils will will improve their  English skills while they study.

tutorial colleges

Tutorial Colleges start at age 15 and have a more flexible programme range, focussing on fast access to UK university.

Many of the independent private sixth form colleges in Oxford, Cambridge and London work on a 'tutorial system' and are often referred to as 'tutorial colleges'. The tutorial system originates from Oxford and Cambridge Universities and is a very highly regarded and much tested system. It it is still used today and is the cornerstone of an 'Oxbridge' education. A tutorial is a small class of only a few students, in which the tutor (a lecturer or other academic faculty member) gives individual attention to the students.

state boarding schools

A state boarding school is one where you pay for boarding and the education is free. The government pays for the education as it would at any other state school in England.

Admission to state boarding schools in the UK is limited to children who are nationals of the UK and are eligible to hold a full UK passport, or those who are nationals of other European Union countries or those who have the right of residence in the UK. Please note that the holding of a BN(O) passport does not make the child eligible for a state boarding school in the UK.

F E Colleges

An FE college is an institution that provides education for those above school age (age 16). There are many types of FE colleges including, sixth form colleges, specialist colleges and adult education institutes. FE Colleges are state run and as such those members of the EU joining can benefit from free education. There is also a competitive fee structure available for non-EU international students.

pathway courses at university

If you need to improve your English language or study skills before attending a UK university, pathway providers offer unique foundation courses which often lead to direct degree-level entry upon completion. There are several private companies who operate Foundation and Diploma programmes on the campuses of UK universities. Often these courses offer accelerated access to undergraduate degrees.

universities

The UK is one of the world's most popular destination for students from overseas. In fact, more than 400,000 international students enrol each year.International students considering an education in the UK have a choice of over 140 universities and higher education institutions, each offering a great range of tertiary qualifications that will be recognised the world over. Students join a 3 year undergraduate programme or a 1 year postgraduate course.

UK university placement

For expert advice on UK and US university entry, Bright World has teamed up with Education Advisers Ltd, whose experienced consultants offer a full range of Higher Education services for international students. These range from complimentary advice on the best University Foundation courses, to bespoke Oxbridge and Medical School coaching and mentorship programmes. You can visit their websites at www.universityadvice.co.uk or www.best-schools.co.uk or call +44 1622 813870 for further information.

guardianship and school placement advice

Boarding school guardianship.

If your child is attending a boarding school you will need to nominate a UK guardian. Bright World can help you with this service.

university guardianship

If you are under 18 when you start university you will need to nominate a UK-based adult or guardian. Bright World has a programme especially for you.

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Home / Publications & Research / Benchmarking English Education / Education: the fundamentals – Eleven facts about the education system in England

Education: the fundamentals – Eleven facts about the education system in England

A major new report on education in England is published today by UK 2040 Options, led by Nesta, and The Education Policy Institute.

The report combines data, analysis and insights from over 75 education experts on the education challenges facing the next government and possible solutions to improve outcomes.

The report shows that:

• All sectors of the education system are facing a workforce crisis. In schools, only 69% of those who qualified 5 years ago are still teaching, and 15% of that cohort left in their first year. 
• The pupil population in England is set to decline significantly due to low birth rates. The state school population currently stands at 7.93 million children, and this will fall by around 800,000 by 2032. 
• The number of pupils with  an education, health and care plan for more complex  special educational needs and disabilities has increased by around 50% in just five years – but funding has not caught up with the level of need and is based (in part) on historic data.
• Only 5% of primary schools reached the Government’s target of 90% of pupils reaching the expected standard in key stage 2 reading, writing and mathematics in 2019.
• Pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds experience an attainment gap (relative to their more affluent peers) equivalent to 19 months of learning by the time they sit their GCSEs. Two fifths of this gap has appeared by the age of 5. 
• Absence from education is now one of the most pressing issues facing England’s education system – persistent absence (missing more than 10% of sessions) has increased from 13% to 24%.
• Closing the gap between skill supply and employer demand could increase national productivity by 5% – 42% of vacancies in manufacturing and 52% in construction are due to skill shortages.

The report, which follows UK 2040 Options publications on  inequality and wealth ,  economic growth ,  health  and  tax , also includes evidence of progress. England recently came fourth in the world for primary school reading proficiency and well above average in maths and science in Years 5 and 9.

But the report also reveals a system that is struggling. Thousands of children start school each year without basic skills, the disadvantage gap is growing, and education at every level is experiencing a chronic recruitment and retention challenge.

Over 75 subject experts from across a range of sectors took part in the project. There was wide agreement about the need to grapple seriously with the workforce crisis across all parts of the system, and the group put forward suggestions for how this could be achieved while continuing to improve the quality of education provision. 

More broadly the group proposed policies to:

• Support the growing number of children  with special education needs and disabilities and rebuild parents’ trust in the system;
• Address challenges inside and outside the school gates to improve educational outcomes, including lifting families out of poverty and increasing targeted funding for disadvantaged pupils;
• Make the skills system more equitable, higher quality and tailored to the needs of the economy. 

Alex Burns, Director of UK 2040 Options, said:   “Education has been less prominent than other areas in recent policy debate – we feel a long way away from “education, education, education”. But if we are to be serious about improving people’s lives and boosting the economy we will need to make sure that the education system is thriving. Whilst there are clear areas of progress, this report demonstrates the scale of the challenge for the future in areas like workforce, the disadvantage gap and support for children with special educational needs.” 

Jon Andrews, Head of Analysis at the Education Policy Institute, said:  “ Whatever the outcome of the next election, it is clear there is much to do to get education back on track following a hugely disruptive pandemic and a decade dominated by funding cuts. A focus on the early years, greater funding that is targeted at the areas in need of it the most, and a plan to ease the recruitment and retention challenges facing schools must form cornerstones of any new government’s education strategy.”

You can read the report in full here.

About UK 2040 Options

UK 2040 Options is a policy project led by Nesta that seeks to address the defining issues facing the country, from tax and economic growth to health and education. It draws on a range of experts to assess the policy landscape, explore some of the most fertile areas in more depth, test and interrogate ideas and bring fresh angles and insights to the choices that policymakers will need to confront, make and implement.

About Nesta

We are Nesta . The UK’s innovation agency for social good. We design, test and scale new solutions to society’s biggest problems, changing millions of lives for the better.  This report was produced in partnership with Nesta, as part of UK 2040 Options.

Jon Andrews

The UK Education System Explained

In General by Think Student Editor September 7, 2022 Leave a Comment

If you’ve been to any form of school, college or university in the UK, then you’ve been a part of its education system. While that may sound like a really complicated word, it is actually really simple. It is just referring to the different stages of education that students can go through from when they start as children to much higher stages. However, the education system in the UK can feel quite complicated. This is especially as the UK is made up of 4 countries that each have slight differences in their specific education systems.

Continue reading to learn more about what makes up the UK education system. Whether you’re a student within the UK education system or someone who is simply interested, this article will break it down for you.

Table of Contents

What are the stages of education in the UK?

The UK education system can be quite hard to understand as there is so many different qualifications and levels. There are 5 main stages of education in the UK that these qualifications and levels can be sorted into . These 5 stages are also key to properly understanding how the UK education system works.

These education stages are Early Years education, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education. For more information about the UK education system as a whole, check out this governmental guide .

The table below aims to provide an overview of the various stages of education in the UK.

What is Early Years education in the UK?

If you are familiar with schooling in the UK, you may be thinking of Early Years education as another name for the first year of primary school. This first year of primary school may sometimes be called Early Years but it is also known as Reception, which it will be referred to as in this article.

Reception and Early Years education are not the same thing. Early Years education begins before primary school. This is because it covers the education of children between the ages of 3 and 5. For more information, check out this guide by the Cambridgeshire County Council.

The Early Years education stage refers to the childcare and nursery education of all young children in the UK . The idea is that children will mostly learn through the use of games and play.

The specific idea of what children are supposed to learn in their Early Years education varies based on the different countries in the UK. However, all of these are done with the idea of preparing children for school and the rest of their lives .

For more information about the frameworks each UK country uses, click on their links: England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland .

What is primary education in the UK?

In the UK, primary level education covers students from the ages of 4 to 11. This is within primary schools, which is split up into the year groups from Year 1 to Year 6 as well as Reception in England and Wales. In Northern Ireland, Reception is known as Year 1, so the year groups in primary school there are from Year 1 to Year 7.

In Scotland, these groups are named differently. Reception is instead known as P1, so primary schools in Scotland have the year groups P1 to P7, which is equivalent to Year 7 in England and Wales. For more information about primary schools in Northern Ireland and Scotland, click here and here respectively to find guides by The School Run.

In primary school, you won’t gain any official qualifications . Despite this, you may still need to do exams. At the end of primary level education in England students are expected to complete exams called SATs. While these are also done in Year 2, the ones done in Year 6 are more important as they are done before students go on to secondary school.

SATs or Standard Assessment Tests are a series of exams that students have to do . The ones done in Year 6 feature 2 maths papers, an English reading paper, a grammar, punctuation and spelling (GPS) paper and a spelling test. For more about SATs, check out this Think Student article .

What is secondary education in the UK?

In the UK, secondary education refers to the education of students between the ages of 11 and 16 . This takes place within secondary schools, which are sometimes also known as high schools. Secondary schools are split up into year groups. These are from Year 7 to Year 11 in England and Wales. In Northern Ireland, the year groups are from Year 8 to Year 12.

In Scotland, there are only 4 year groups, these are S1 to S4. S1 in Scotland is equivalent to Year 8 in England and Wales, or Year 9 in Northern Ireland as primary school is longer . For more information, check out this guide by The School Run.

Unlike primary school, students can leave secondary school with qualifications. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, these qualifications are GCSEs . These are taken in the last year of secondary school, which is Year 11 or Year 12 in Northern Ireland.

While secondary school is essentially leading up to these exams, the whole way through, students will generally not start the GCSE content until they’re in Year 9 or Year 10. For more information about when you do your GCSEs, check out this Think Student article .

In Scotland, GCSEs aren’t taken at all. Instead, there are National qualifications. Normally in S4, which is the equivalent to Year 11 or Year 12 in Northern Ireland, students will get their National qualifications . These can be from National 1 to National 5, depending on what level the student is at in each subject.

At this stage, typically, students will do National 5 . For this, students will have to complete formal exams that are roughly the equivalent of GCSEs. For more information about this, check out this article by Good Schools Guide. For an overview of National qualifications as a whole, check out this guide from SQA.

What education level is GCSE?

As mentioned above, GCSE level education is a part of the secondary education stage . In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, it marks the end of secondary education with students typically taking these exams at the end of Year 11, which is also known as Year 12 in Northern Ireland. This is also made clear as the term GCSE stands for General Certificate of Secondary Education.

For more information about the term GCSE, check out this Think Student article . For more information about the education level of GCSEs, check out this Think Student article .

What is further education in the UK?

In the UK, further education is simply when you continue to be in education after turning 16, without doing higher education , which will be explained in the section below.

In England, it is compulsory for you to be in further education until you are 18. This doesn’t apply to the rest of the UK. For more about this, check out this governmental guide on school leaving age.

There are several different types of further education qualifications that you can do, making further education a lot more flexible than the earlier stages of education . For example, you could stay in school or go to college and continue studying.

You may want to study traditional courses such as A-Levels, Highers or Advanced Highers. Alternatively, you may want to study other level 3 courses that may be more vocational, such as BTECs or T-Levels.

You could also leave school and still do other types of further education such as an apprenticeship or traineeship . These options are a lot more practical as you are learning by working.

To learn more about the level 3 courses mentioned here, click on their following links: A-Levels , Highers , BTECs , T-Levels , apprenticeships . To learn more about level 3 courses, check out its respective section below. For more information about further education, check out this article by Think Student.

What education level is sixth form or college?

Both sixth form and college are actually education providers, rather than levels of education themselves. Typically, these education providers will offer qualification that are within the further education stage. These may include A-Levels and BTECs.

For more information about what you do in sixth form college, check out this Think Student article .

While this is always the case for sixth forms, this isn’t particularly the case for colleges as some colleges offer higher education courses. Especially qualifications such as higher national certificates (HNCs) or higher national diplomas (HNDs). For more information about this, check out this governmental guide .

What is higher education in the UK?

In the UK, higher education is any type of education that is done after or beyond further education . Generally, students will be at least 18 when they reach this stage. There are many types of higher education and a range of levels.

As the name suggests, these levels of education are the highest that can be reached in terms of academia and so are much more specialised.

The lowest type of higher education is a level 4 qualification . At level 4, students may do a higher national certificate (HNC), a Higher Apprenticeship or another equivalent qualification.

While a level 8 qualification is the highest level . At this level, students may study a PhD or an alternative type of doctorate degree.

If you would like to find out more about HNCs, check out this guide by WhatUni. To learn more about the types of apprenticeship, check out this Think Student article .

For more on PhDs and other doctorate degrees, please refer to this useful Think Student article . If you would simply like to learn more about higher education as a whole, check out this Think Student article .

What education level is university?

Similarly, to sixth forms and colleges, university is an education provider rather than an actual level of education itself. Qualifications offered by universities are typically higher education .

Although, some courses they offer may be another type of qualification altogether. These may not even be counted within the education stages or qualification levels . This is especially language courses or courses they offer online.

For example, language courses that are not part of a degree will normally be based on the CEFR levels. These levels don’t line up directly with any education stage or qualification level of the UK.

Instead, these are 6 levels that describe levels of language learning from beginner to proficient. For more information about this, check out this guide by the British Council.

While universities offer higher education qualifications, this isn’t particularly all of them. While a university may offer many qualifications from a foundation degree to a PhD, they are less likely to offer vocational courses .

For example, a national vocational qualification (NVQ) even at level 4 or above will typically be taught at a school, college or in the workplace. For more information about this, check out this article by Indeed.

For more information about vocational courses, check out this Think Student article . For more information about the education level of universities, look at this Think Student article .

What are the levels of education in the UK?

In the UK, the actual education system can be broken down into the 5 main stages that were explained above. However, there are also many other ways that education can be sorted and assigned different rankings and can be compared to one another .

One way to do this for the education of children in both primary school and secondary school is through the use of key stages . For more about key stages, check out this Think Student article .

Specific qualifications can also be further broken down into levels. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, these levels are from entry level to level 8. In Scotland with the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF), these levels are from level 1 to level 12.

For more information about the qualification levels in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, check out this governmental guide . For more information about the SCQF levels, check out this guide by Glasgow Kelvin College. You can also look at these qualifications in comparison by looking at this guide by the SQA.

The table below attempts to simplify the education system and provide a rough overview. It’s important to note that many qualifications are missing from this table.

What is an entry level qualification in the UK?

In the UK, an entry level qualification is the first level of qualification that you can get . It is split into 3 sub levels: entry level 1, entry level 2 and entry level 3. Entry level 3 is the highest of the entry level qualifications. In the Scottish SCQF levels, entry level in England, Wales and Northern Ireland covers levels 1 to 3 as it lines up with the entry level sub levels .

The idea of entry level qualifications is so that you can have a qualification that is recognised in the UK even if you’re not ready or prepared to study a higher-level qualification. For more information about these, check out this governmental guide .

What is a level 1 qualification in the UK?

A level 1 qualification is the next level up in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The equivalent of this in the SCQF levels is a level 4 qualification .

As it is a higher level, there is a bit more of a range of qualifications at level 1 . For example, GCSE grades 1, 2 and 3 or between D and G are level 1, although they’re not a pass at GCSE. In Scotland, National 4 qualifications are also level 4 in the SCQF levels.

Music gradings from 1 to 3 are also ranked at level 1. This is the same with a vast range of different essential skills, functional skills, national vocational qualifications (NVQs)/ Scottish vocational qualification (SVQs), BTEC and other vocational qualifications that are offered at level 1.

For more information about the levels of BTEC qualifications, check out this Think Student article . For more examples about what is included in this level, please refer to the links above.

What is a level 2 qualification in the UK?

The next level up is a level 2 qualification. This is equivalent to a level 5 qualification in Scotland . As level 2 or level 5 qualifications are slightly more credible. This is because in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, level 2 is the level of GCSEs . In Scotland, this is the same level as National 5 qualifications.

Other qualifications at level 2 are Intermediate Apprenticeships or Modern Apprenticeships in Scotland, a range of BTECs, CTECs, NVQs and other vocational qualifications. It also includes music gradings 4 and 5.

For more information about CTEC qualifications, check out this Think Student article . For more examples of level 2 qualifications, please refer to the links above.

What is a level 3 qualification in the UK?

A level 3 qualification is once again a higher level that can help to open more opportunities, particularly with your career but also if you want to further your education. In Scotland, this is roughly equivalent to levels 6 on the Scottish Credit and Qualification Framework (SCQF) levels .

Level 3 or level 6 includes a range of qualifications, including AS and A-Levels, Highers, Advanced Apprenticeships or Foundation Apprenticeships in Scotland and T-Levels.

As well as a wide range of vocational courses, including BTECs, NVQs and SVQs. Level 3 or level 6 also include the International Baccalaureate (IB) and music grading level 6, 7 and 8.

Once again, please refer to the links above to find more examples. Also, check out this Think Student article to learn more about Advanced Apprenticeships and the other levels of apprenticeship.

What is a level 4 qualification in the UK?

A level 4 qualification marks the beginning of the higher education stage. It is roughly the equivalent to a level 7 qualification in Scotland .

This level includes qualifications such as HNCs, Higher Apprenticeships, certificates of higher education (CertHE), Advanced Highers and the Scottish Baccalaureate. It is also the equivalent to the first year at university. Also, a level 4 or 7 qualification includes a wide range of vocational qualifications, including NVQs and SVQs.

What is a level 5 qualification in the UK?

A level 5 qualification is also a part of higher education, and it is equivalent to the second year of university. In Scotland, a level 5 qualification is instead roughly a level 8 qualification.

This level includes qualifications such as HNDs, foundation degrees, diplomas of higher education (DipHE), Higher Apprenticeships both referring to Scotland and the rest of the UK and Technical Apprenticeships. Once again, there are a wide range of vocational qualifications offered at level 5 or 8.

What is a level 6 qualification in the UK? A level 6 qualification is also a part of higher education. In comparison to the Scottish SCQF levels, it is slightly different to the other levels. This is because it is equivalent to both level 9 qualifications and level 10 qualifications.

Level 6, 9 or 10 includes many qualifications, such as a Graduate Apprenticeship, a Degree Apprenticeship, a graduate certificate or a graduate diploma. It also includes many vocational qualifications, such as NVQs or SVQs.

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, an undergraduate degree, whether this is with or without honours is at level 6 . However, in Scotland, an ordinary degree (without honours) is a level 9 qualification and a degree with honours is a level 10 qualification.

If you would like to learn more about undergraduate degrees, check out this Think Student article . For more on Degree Apprenticeships, check out this Think Student article .

What is a level 7 qualification in the UK?

A level 7 qualification is an even further form of higher education. It is the equivalent to the Scottish level 11 .

This is the second highest level that you can get in the UK . This level includes qualifications such as master’s degrees, integrated master’s degrees, postgraduate certificates and postgraduate diplomas.

It also includes a variety of certificates, awards and diplomas that are ranked at level 7. As well as NVQs or SVQs.

If you would like to learn more about master’s degrees, check out this Think Student article .

What is a level 8 qualification in the UK?

A level 8 qualification is the highest level of qualification that you can achieve in the UK. It is equivalent to the Scottish Credit and Qualification (SCQF) level 12, which is also the highest of these levels .

A level 8 or level 12 qualification includes doctorate degrees, including PhDs as well as a Professional Apprenticeship. It also includes certificates, awards and diplomas that are ranked at level 8.

To learn more about PhDs, check out this Think Student article . Please remember to look at the links above to learn about more examples.

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UK Education System

The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education. Children in the UK have to legally attend primary and secondary education which runs from about 5 years old until the student is 16 years old.

The education system in the UK is also split into "key stages" which breaks down as follows:

• Key Stage 1: 5 to 7 years old
• Key Stage 2: 7 to 11 years old
• Key Stage 3: 11 to 14 years old
• Key Stage 4: 14 to 16 years old

Generally key stages 1 and 2 will be undertaken at primary school and at 11 years old a student will move onto secondary school and finish key stages 3 and 4.

Students are assessed at the end of each stage. The most important assessment occurs at age 16 when students pursue their GCSE's or General Certificate of Secondary Education. Once students complete their GCSE's they have the choice to go onto further education and then potential higher education, or finish school and go into the working world.

Our overview of the education system in the UK is divided into five main sections:

Primary Education

Primary education begins in the UK at age 5 and continues until age 11, comprising key stages one and two under the UK educational system. Please visit the British Council page for more information on primary education.

Secondary Education

From age 11 to 16, students will enter secondary school for key stages three and four and to start their move towards taking the GCSE's - learn more about secondary education in the UK and what it will involve. Primary and secondary education is mandatory in the UK; after age 16, education is optional.

Further Education

Once a student finishes secondary education they have the option to extend into further education to take their A-Levels, GNVQ's, BTEC's or other such qualifications. UK students planning to go to college or university must complete further education.

Higher Education

Probably the most important subject area on this site, this explains more about the higher education system in the UK and how it works for international students. Most international students will enter directly into the UK higher education system, after completing their home country’s equivalent to the UK’s “further education.”

Entry Requirements

Each level of education in the UK has varying requirements which must be satisfied in order to gain entry at that level - learn more about the education entry requirements for the UK.

UK Degree Online

With online programs growing in popularity, this means the availability of top-notch online programs is also on the rise. If you want to obtain a UK accredited degree without having to relocate to the United Kingdom, choosing to study online is a good option for you. Getting a UK accredited degree online allows you to fit your studies into your schedule and save money on travel costs while having access to a variety of top programs.

Please note that Scotland has a separate education system and does not conform to the above structure. Please learn more about the Scottish Education System .

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Four major challenges facing Britain’s education system after the pandemic

Associate Pro Vice Chancellor for Student Inclusion and Professor of Learning and Teaching in Higher Education, University of East Anglia

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Helena Gillespie's research is funded by Erasmus+ and has previously been funded by Advance HE and HEFCE. She is a school governor, multi academy trust member and director of Norfolk Cricket Board.

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The UK goverment’s Department for Education has some new ministers in charge following the political turmoil surrounding Boris Johnson’s resignation. After resigning only two days into the job of education secretary, Michelle Donelan has been replaced by James Cleverly , MP for Braintree.

Donelan’s former role overseeing higher education has been filled by Andrea Jenkyns, MP for Morley and Outwood, who has been named skills, further and higher education minister . Jenkyns’ credentials as an educational leader were called somewhat into question when she was photographed making a gesture to the public gathered outside Downing Street that would certainly have landed her in detention.

While these appointments can be considered, to some extent, to be caretaker roles pending the appointment of the new prime minister in early September, the new ministers still face significant challenges as they oversee schools, colleges and universities. Here are four issues facing them as they get to work.

Getting exams back to normal

The first hurdle comes next month with the annual round of GCSE and A-level exam results. This will be the first cohort since 2019 to have formally sat their exams. The Department of Education will be hoping that the exam results, which have already been taken and marked, will not cause such headline grabbing disruption this summer as in the two previous years.

In 2020, the first year that exams were cancelled due to the pandemic, results were overturned after it became clear that the algorithm used by the government to standardise grades was penalising students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Pupils could choose to use teacher assessments to decide grades instead.

In 2021, the government again elected to use teacher assessment to decide results, but the approach resulted in many more top grades. The jump in A grades at A-level, from 38% to 44%, meant that there were not enough places at top universities to go around – and universities had to offer prospective students packages of support to persuade them to defer to a 2022 start .

However, it is likely that the return to exams will mean a drop in grades from 2021, and there may be many disappointed students and parents. Weathering grade fluctuations in future years while also closing gaps in attainment for students from disadvantaged backgrounds will be a difficult trick to pull off.

Addressing inequality

In November 2020, the Department of Education launched its flagship initiative to address pandemic learning loss in England, the National Tutoring Programme – which pairs schools with tutors who work with individual students or small groups to help them catch up in core subjects.

However, the House of Commons Education Committee recently reported that the National Tutoring Programme is failing to make an impact in the schools in deprived areas where children are most behind with their education.

Read more: The government's academic catch-up strategy is failing children in England

Problems with the catch-up strategy are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to endemic inequalities in education in the UK. School buildings in many areas are facing pressure from growing class sizes and wear and tear. A 2021 report by the Department for Education put the backlog of school maintenance in England at a cost of £11.4 billion, an eye watering sum at a time of economic crisis.

It is difficult to see how schools can level up for their pupils in buildings that are falling down. The education secretary must hope for sympathy and support around the new cabinet table to access the funds needed.

Provide support for teachers

The pandemic has had a serious impact on children and young people’s mental health and wellbeing and the problem remains acute. One of the short-term impacts of this is growing pressures on teachers in classrooms. For this reason as well as the rise in the cost of living, teachers are asking for a substantial pay increase .

It seems unlikely that current proposals for pay rises in schools, which sit below the rate of inflation, will stop a ballot on strike action or address teacher shortages caused by so many leaving the profession. If the new minister is to be able to deliver meaningful educational recovery, schools are going to need to be better staffed and better supported by other sector agencies. Achieving this looks both difficult and expensive.

Free speech in higher education

On 27 June 2022, before her promotion to education secretary and subsequent resignation, Michelle Donelan had written to university vice chancellors advising them to consider whether their membership of certain diversity schemes was appropriate given their responsibility to uphold free speech. This was regarded with concern by many in the education sector as a move that blurred the lines between appropriate regulation and university autonomy.

In addition, the controversial Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Bill, which seeks to ensure that free speech is protected on campus by limiting the “no-platforming” of speakers, is currently passing through the House of Lords. However, a recent survey has found that 61% of students think that universities should prioritise protecting students from discrimination rather than permitting unlimited free speech.

The new Department for Education team has much to do to ensure that good decisions are made on behalf of the UK’s children and young people.

This article was amended on July 19 2022 to reflect that the National Tutoring Programme and Condition of School Buildings Survey refer to England.

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• Study in UK /

UK Education System

• Updated on  
• Jun 6, 2022

Internationally renowned for academic excellence, the United Kingdom is one such country in the world that provides world-class infrastructure and top-ranking universities for a diverse population of students from different countries across the globe. Furthermore, the degrees obtained from the study in UK are considered to be highly regarded and attract numerous employers from all the corners of the world. The UK education system may seem slightly complex, but is undoubtedly rooted in the country’s ancient traditions and comprises a strict set of rules when it comes to imparting education. Consisting of a total of four major levels of education, the children in the UK have to compulsorily attend primary and secondary education that begins from 5 years of age until the student turns 16. Through this blog, we aim to elaborate on the UK education system in detail along with some of the major globally well-known universities of the country.

This Blog Includes:

About the uk education system, how does the uk education system work, the higher education system in the united kingdom, studying in the uk as an international student, the uk education system level of courses, best universities in the uk.

Also Read: 

• Study in UK for Indian Students after 12th
• Is it a Good Idea to Study in UK?

As mentioned above, the UK is known for its high-quality standards of education. The British Higher Education system lists 4 stages of education namely, primary , secondary , further education and higher education . The children enter the UK Education System at the age of 5 and are legally obliged to attend school up to the age of 16. The following table presents a general breakdown of the education system in the UK.

The Stages of UK Education System Explained

The UK Education System is constituted of 4 stages, once the students are thorough with their compulsory education after turning 16, they have a choice to either study further and attain higher education or finish school and directly start working. To help you understand these stages of the UK education system, we have elaborated these four education levels below.

Primary Education

In the UK, primary education begins at the age of 5 and spans until the student arrives at the age of 11. During this phase of the UK education system which encompasses the first two stages, the students attain the basic knowledge of various disciplines like the English language, Mathematics, Physical Education, Science and Geography, amongst others.  

Secondary Education

Starting from the age of 11 to 16, the second phase of the UK Education System covers the key stages of 3 and 4. Considered as one of the most important and compulsory part in a child’s academic journey, students need to appear for General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams or any other national qualifications to complete this stage. The curriculum of secondary education comprises of a plethora of core and foundation subjects from different academic disciplines that students perused in the previous stage.

Further Education

In the UK, when a student turns 16 and completes their GCSE exams, they have can either pursue academic qualifications or vocational qualifications or directly explore work opportunities. If the student chooses to study further, they can opt for further studies in either academic prospects or through the vocational pathway. 

Higher Education 

This concluding stage of the UK education system comprises of higher studies and university education. With over 100 top institutions located in the UK, the students can choose from a multitude of options. During this phase, academic programs range from bachelor’s, master’s to PhD degrees.

Education is assigned to four jurisdictions in the United Kingdom: England, Northern Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. Each of these areas has its own educational system, certifications, and set of rules and regulations. Because of the significant disparities in general and secondary education, each area has its own credit structures and certifications.

Higher education in the United Kingdom, in particular, is famous across the world for its high standards and excellence. The renown of its higher education is reflected in the work of its alumni. Many famous persons from British institutions have achieved global recognition for their work in a variety of fields. Some of these universities and other institutions of higher learning are among the best in the world. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is not by chance the world’s capital city of higher education. London has the most top-ranked universities per city, with four institutions in the top 10 worldwide.

Higher education in the United Kingdom is defined as the degree of education that follows secondary school in the UK’s educational hierarchy. After high school, Britons must take a standard examination to determine whether they are entitled to continue their studies at a higher level of schooling.

There is a distinction between college and university in the UK education system, as opposed to higher education in the United States. While there is no distinction between college and university in the United States, with most people referring to a higher education provider as a college, this is not the situation in the United Kingdom. A college is a Further Education institution that prepares students to acquire degrees, whereas a university is a certified Higher Education school that provides students with a degree at the completion of their studies.

If you’re an international student, you should be aware that not all higher education institutions in the United Kingdom are called universities. This matter is governed by law. According to this official rule, a higher education institution can be designated as a university if the following conditions are met:

• If the Privy Council approves it under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992,
• If it receives permission under the Companies Act of 2006’s requirements.

If you’re an international student from a country that isn’t part of the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland, you should be aware that you’ll require a student visa to study in the United Kingdom. If you are 16 years old and a resident of one of these countries, you can apply for a Tier 4 visa (General student), which is the UK’s official student visa. Prior to that, you’ll want to make sure you’ll have enough money to cover your expenses while you’re studying there. You’ll need to prove that you have enough money to cover your course fees and other expenditures when applying for a visa.

According to the UK school system’s real education laws, Higher Education consists of the following levels of courses:

Postgraduate programmes leading to a doctorate, a master’s degree (taught or research), postgraduate diplomas, postgraduate certificates of education (PGCE), and professional degrees are all available. To get into this level, you normally need a bachelor’s degree (Bachelor).

Undergraduate programmes include a variety of bachelor’s degrees, including honours and ordinary degrees, certified teacher status, improved first degrees, and intercalated degrees (first-degree students in specific study fields may interrupt their ongoing studies and spend a year studying a field related to their major study subject).

Because an undergraduate course takes four years to complete, an exception is granted. The higher education system in the United Kingdom has a large number of universities that provide 4-year undergraduate programmes, sometimes known as “sandwich courses.” This curriculum includes one year of work experience, which is normally completed in your third year.

Some British institutions offer fast-track programmes that allow you to get a Master’s degree while still in college. Unlike standard undergraduate programmes, students in these programmes might attend an additional year of study rather than completing a Bachelor’s degree and then being accepted into a Master’s programme. Furthermore, it is far less expensive than traditional 3-year undergraduate courses, and it is usually much more rigorous due to shorter vacation breaks and a packed programme.

Postgraduate degrees are available at some of the UK’s most famous universities. If a school offers postgraduate degrees, Master’s degrees (usually one year, but sometimes two if the degree is research-based) and/or Doctorate degrees are available (three-year degrees). Only if you hold a bachelor’s degree from an approved university are you eligible for them (not necessarily one in England).

The UK education system offers numerous professional degrees in the field of Medicine, Engineering, Law, Veterinary, Business etc. to students across the globe. Catering to all the various prestigious fields of study, the UK universities have been successful in providing world-class quality education to the aspirants along with the direct international exposure that polishes their skills and helps them advance in their career. Here is a list of some of the major universities in the UK:

• University of Oxford
• University of Cambridge
• Imperial College of London
• University College London
• London School of Economics and Political Science
• The University of Edinburgh
• King’s College London
• The University of Manchester
• University of Warwick
• University of Bristol 
• Queen Mary University of London
• University of Sussex
• University of Liverpool
• Lancaster University

UK VS Indian Education System

If you are planning to pursue an MBA in the UK, check out the list of Best Colleges for MBA in UK

To get more details about the UK Education system, You can download this document here .

Making the primary stage compulsory and giving the choice of liberty in terms of higher and further studies to students, the UK education system has strived to achieve excellent teaching and learning standards thus attaining a whopping 99% literacy rate as per Macrotrends . We hope that this blog helped you understand the different levels of the British education system. If you are aspiring to study a program in the UK, take the help of Leverage Edu ’s AI tool that can provide you with a wide range of courses available in your field of interest and connect you with the right mentors who can guide you throughout the application process of your chosen course.

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Education in the United Kingdom- Statistics & Facts

Overcrowded classrooms and the pandemic pose challenges, how uk students are evaluated, key insights.

Detailed statistics

Proportion of GCSE entries that achieved a pass grade in the UK 1988-2023

Government spending on education in the UK 1999-2023

Number of schools in the UK 2010-2023

Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

Current statistics on this topic.

Education Level & Skills

Proportion of GCSE entries that achieved a pass grade in the UK 2000-2023, by gender

GCSE grade levels in England in 2022-2023

Number of pupils attending schools in the UK 2010-2023

Related topics

Recommended.

• Languages and education in the United Kingdom
• E-learning and digital education
• Education in Europe

Recommended statistics

Schools, pupils, and teachers.

• Basic Statistic Number of schools in the UK 2010-2023
• Premium Statistic Number of full-time teachers in the UK 2015-2023
• Premium Statistic Number of public sector employees in education UK 1999-2022
• Basic Statistic Pupil to teacher ratio in the United Kingdom 2000-2019
• Premium Statistic Number of pupils attending schools in the UK 2010-2023
• Premium Statistic Number of secondary schools in the UK 2010-2023
• Premium Statistic Number of primary schools in the UK 2010-2023
• Basic Statistic Number of nursery schools in the UK 2010-2023

Number of schools in the United Kingdom from 2010/11 to 2022/23

Number of full-time teachers in the UK 2015-2023

Number of full-time equivalent teachers in the United Kingdom from 2015/16 to 2022/23

Number of public sector employees in education UK 1999-2022

Number of public sector employees in education in the United Kingdom from 1st quarter 1999 to 4th quarter 2023 (in 1,000s)

Pupil to teacher ratio in the United Kingdom 2000-2019

Pupil to teacher ratio in the United Kingdom from 2010/11 to 2018/19, by school type

Number of pupils attending schools in the United Kingdom from 2010/11 to 2022/23 (in 1,000s)

Number of secondary schools in the UK 2010-2023

Number of secondary schools in the United Kingdom from 2010/11 to 2022/23

Number of primary schools in the UK 2010-2023

Number of primary schools in the United Kingdom from 2010/11 to 2022/23

Number of nursery schools in the UK 2010-2023

Number of nursery schools in the United Kingdom from 2010/11 to 2022/23

• Basic Statistic Proportion of GCSE entries that achieved a pass grade in the UK 1988-2023
• Basic Statistic Proportion of GCSE entries that achieved a pass grade in the UK 2000-2023, by gender
• Basic Statistic Proportion of GCSE entries that achieved a high pass grade in the UK 1988-2023
• Basic Statistic GCSE entries that achieved a high pass grade in the UK 2000-2023, by gender
• Basic Statistic GCSE grade levels in England in 2022-2023
• Premium Statistic National 5 pass rates Scotland 2014-2023
• Basic Statistic A Level results in the United Kingdom 2000-2023, by grade

Proportion of GCSE entries awarded a C/4 or higher in the United Kingdom between 1988 and 2023

Proportion of GCSE entries awarded a C/4 or higher in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2023, by gender

Proportion of GCSE entries that achieved a high pass grade in the UK 1988-2023

Proportion of GCSE entries awarded a A/7 or higher in the United Kingdom between 1988 and 2023

GCSE entries that achieved a high pass grade in the UK 2000-2023, by gender

Proportion of GCSE entries awarded a A/7 or higher in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2023, by gender

Percentage of GCSE entries in England in 2022 and 2023, by grade level

National 5 pass rates Scotland 2014-2023

National 5 exam pass rates in Scotland from 2014 to 2023

A Level results in the United Kingdom 2000-2023, by grade

GCE Advanced Level (A Level) results in the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2023, by grade

Economic indicators

• Premium Statistic GVA of the education sector UK 1990-2023
• Basic Statistic Government spending on education in the UK 1999-2023
• Basic Statistic Government spending on education as a share of GDP in the UK 1999-2023
• Premium Statistic Government spending on education in the UK 2023, by function
• Basic Statistic Government spending on primary education in the UK 2009-2023
• Basic Statistic Government spending on secondary education in the UK 2009-2023
• Premium Statistic CPI inflation rate for education in the UK 1989-2024
• Premium Statistic CPI for education in the UK 1988-2024

GVA of the education sector UK 1990-2023

Gross value added of the education sector in the United Kingdom from 1990 to 2023 (in million GBP)

Public sector expenditure on education in the United Kingdom from 1999/00 to 2022/23 (in billion GBP)

Government spending on education as a share of GDP in the UK 1999-2023

Public sector expenditure on education as a share of GDP in the United Kingdom from 1999/00 to 2022/23

Government spending on education in the UK 2023, by function

Public sector expenditure on education in the United Kingdom in 2022/23, by sub-function (in million GBP)

Government spending on primary education in the UK 2009-2023

Public sector expenditure on pre-primary and primary education in the United Kingdom from 2009/10 to 2022/23 (in billion GBP)

Government spending on secondary education in the UK 2009-2023

Public sector expenditure on secondary education in the United Kingdom from 2009/10 to 2022/23 (in billion GBP)

CPI inflation rate for education in the UK 1989-2024

CPI inflation rate for education in the United Kingdom from January 1989 to March 2024

CPI for education in the UK 1988-2024

Consumer Price Index for education in the United Kingdom from 1st quarter 1988 to 1st quarter 2024 (2015=100)

Opinions and views

• Basic Statistic Perception on how good or bad education is in Great Britain 2020-2024
• Basic Statistic Decisive factors for parents choosing an education provider in England 2021
• Basic Statistic Opinion on what should change at schools in England in 2021
• Basic Statistic Opinion on if the education system prepares children for work in England in 2021
• Basic Statistic Opinion on if the school system in England is improving in 2021

Perception on how good or bad education is in Great Britain 2020-2024

How good or bad is education nationally in Great Britain? (October 2020 to January 2024)

Decisive factors for parents choosing an education provider in England 2021

When deciding on a childcare provider which of the following, if any, were important to you when making your decision?

Opinion on what should change at schools in England in 2021

If there was to be a radical overhaul of education, what do you think should change?

Opinion on if the education system prepares children for work in England in 2021

How well or badly do you think the education system prepares children for work?

Opinion on if the school system in England is improving in 2021

Do you think the school system in England is better or worse than it was ten years ago, or much the same?

International Comparisons

• Premium Statistic Share of GDP spent on education in Europe 2020
• Basic Statistic Overall PISA score in major European countries 2006-2018
• Basic Statistic PISA results in Europe in 2022, by category
• Basic Statistic Frequency of bullying in European countries 2018
• Basic Statistic Socio-economic inequality in reading attainment in European countries 2018
• Premium Statistic Length of school summer holiday in European countries in 2018/19

Share of GDP spent on education in Europe 2020

Education spending as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Europe in 2020

Overall PISA score in major European countries 2006-2018

Overall programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results in major European countries from 2006 to 2018

PISA results in Europe in 2022, by category

Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) results in selected European countries in 2022, by category

Frequency of bullying in European countries 2018

Share of students who reported being victims of any type of bullying act at least a few times a month in selected European countries in 2018

Socio-economic inequality in reading attainment in European countries 2018

Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged students in PISA reading attainment in European countries in 2018*

Length of school summer holiday in European countries in 2018/19

Length of school summer holidays in selected European countries in 2018/19, in weeks

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Primary Education

Middle education, secondary education, vocational education, tertiary education.

British Education System and Equivalency

The british education system offers a variety of study opportunities. with more than 130 universities included in the national ranking with hundreds of degree programs for students from the uk and around the world, there is no shortage of higher education options. in the uk about one-third of all students go on to some form of higher education and this number is well over 50% for students from scotland. this makes competition for schools very fierce and so it is advised to apply early for courses..

Higher education is the third level of the British education system after high school. It takes place at Universities and Further Education Colleges and normally includes Undergraduate (Foundation Year, Bachelor of Arts -BA, Bachelor of Science -BSc and Top Up ) and Postgraduate study (Master of Arts - MA, Master of Science - MSc, PhD, PGCE).

Around 30% of 18 to 19-year-olds enter full-time higher education. The formal entry requirements to most degree courses are two A-levels at grade E or above. In practice, most offers of places require qualifications in excess of this.

SECONDARY EDUCATION

According to the British education system , children in England go through 2 separate stages of education. They begin with Primary Education at the age of five (5 years old) and this usually lasts until they are eleven (11 years old). Then they move to S econdary School , where they stay until they reach sixteen, seventeen, and eighteen years of age (16, 17, 18 years old). The main categories of school are State Schools (Local authority-maintained schools) that are Free to all children between the ages of 5 - 16 and Independent schools (Private or Public Schools) where parents pay for their children's education.

State schools

In the UK 93% of the children in England and Wales go to "state schools". State schools are non fee-paying , funded from taxes, and most are organized by Local Authorities (LA).

Parents are expected to make sure that their child has a pen, pencil, ruler etc. but the cost of other more specialized equipment, books, examination fees are covered by the school.

Parents are, however, expected to pay for their child's school uniform and items of sportswear. Charges may also be made for music lessons and for board and lodgings on residential trips. Schools may ask for voluntary contributions for school time activities - but no pupil may be left out of an activity if their parents or guardian cannot or do not contribute.

Stage 1 - Primary schools (5 - 11-year-olds)

The first level of the British Education system is known as primary education. These are almost always mixed-sex and usually located close to the child's home. Children tend to be with the same group throughout the day, and one teacher has responsibility for most of the work they do.

Parents are strongly encouraged to help their children, particularly with reading and writing, and small amounts of homework are set to all children, even during the early years at school.

Stage 2 - Secondary schools (11 - 16-year-olds)

Most children transfer at the age of 11 - usually to their nearest secondary school, though the law allows parents in England and Wales to express preferences for other schools too. A place has to be offered at the parents' preferred school unless the school has more applicants than places; in that case, it will admit the children who have the highest priority under its published admission arrangements which can vary a little in different places. Most secondary schools cater to both sexes. They tend to be much larger than primary schools.

• Comprehensive schools: Nearly 88% of secondary school pupils in England go to comprehensive schools, as do all pupils in Wales. These take children of all abilities and provide a wide range of secondary education for all or most of the children in a district from 11 to 16 or 18.
• ­ Grammar Schools   are selective, they offer academically oriented general education. Entrance is based on a test of ability, usually at 11. Grammar schools are single sexed schools i.e. children either go to a Boys Grammar School or a Girls Grammar School. There are grammar schools in Northern Ireland and some parts of England.

Independent Schools

Independent Schools, known as private/public schools, are part of the British education system.  7% of the children in England go to independent schools. Parents pay for their children to attend these schools. The most famous public schools are Eton, Harrow, and Winchester.

• Prep Schools:  A preparatory school is a school to prepare pupils to go to a public school.
• Public /Private Schools: A public school is an independent secondary school. Public schools in England are not run by the government. The entrance exams used by most public schools are known as  Common Entrance exams  and are taken at the age of 11 (girls) or 13 (boys).

Education after the age of 16 and above

The British education system allows children to leave school on the last Friday in June as long as they will be 16 years old by the end of that year's summer holidays. However, all young people must now stay in some form of full-time education or training until their 18th birthday, for example at a college.

If your child is aged 16 to 24 and not quite ready to start an apprenticeship, they could consider a Traineeship. Traineeships are designed to help young people who want to get an apprenticeship or job but don't yet have the appropriate skills or experience.

Levels of education and Professional Certificates

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, there are 8 Levels of education after Secondary school– as well as an Entry Level , to help you begin studying or pursue a higher degree. These are set out by something known as the RQF (Regulated Qualifications Framework).

All levels are suitable also for foreign students, living in the UK or migrant workers that left their own countries without achieving a final certificate of General Secondary Education and would like to pursue further education.

Entry Level  is the most basic form of qualification and usually provides an introduction into education. They aren’t generally compulsory. Entry level qualifications are available three different sub-categories, which progressively get more difficult: entry levels 1, 2 and 3. The Entry Level is perfect for Anyone looking to learn a new subject or language, as well as those looking to enter formal education.

Level 1 (often achieved in Years/Class 10 and 11 of Secondary school) is the first formal rung on the numbered system of qualifications. This level is perfect for students aged 15-16, or anyone looking to further their education. You won’t necessarily have to complete an entry level qualification to move onto Level 1.

Level 2 is the next step up from Level 1 (also often achieved in Years 10 and 11of SE). It is perfect for those aged 15-16, or anyone looking to further their education. Because of the high standard of their grades, Level 2 learners will usually progress to Level 3 professional qualifications.

Level 3 generally shows greater knowledge in a subject (often achieved in Years 12 and 13 of SE) or in centres for further education. It is perfect for those who are looking to continue their education at a University or a College, or who want to specialise in a particular subject.

Level 4  is indicative of a greater understanding and a higher level of learning than that gained through core modules at the secondary education level. Level 4 acts as the bridge between level 3 and 5, and can help people progress to the next stage of education when they might not have been able to with their previous qualifications.

Level 5 demonstrates knowledge of a subject which goes beyond what was taught during secondary education. After achieving a Level 5 certificate students can proceed in a Top Up course at a University or a college for a year and get a Bachelor Degree. It is perfect for anyone looking to move on to university, or other forms of higher education.

Level 6 refers to qualifications gained at degree level, indicating the bearer has graduated from a centre for further education. It is perfect for anyone who wants to take their knowledge of a subject past secondary education level – whether that’s to gain a degree of a higher level NVQ or certificate. Also the first step for those looking to pursue a master’s.

Level 7 refers to a level of education equivalent to a master’s degree and is generally attained in a centre for further education. It is perfect for anyone looking for a qualification which validates knowledge beyond degree level. After Level 7, there’s only one more level – a doctorate (PhD) or its equivalent.

Level 8  refers to a doctorate level of education, often known as a PhD. Level 8 is perfect for anyone looking to achieve the highest formal level of education possible in England, Wales and Northern Ireland – and/or become a fully qualified Doctor.

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Education System in the UK

The system of education in the UK is comprised of four parts. These are primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education. The compulsory education in the UK mainly begins at the age of 5 when a child enters an infant school primary school and lasts until the age of 16.

Besides being divided into parts, the British education system has also five key stages. The first stage is for children from the age of 5 to the age of 7. It is provided by infant schools or primary schools. The second stage is provided by primary or junior schools for those from the age of 7 to 11. The third stage is for students from the age of 11 to 14. It is provided by middle schools, high schools or secondary schools. The fourth stage is for students from the age of 14 to 16, provided by upper schools or secondary schools. There is also the fifth stage for students from the age of 16 to 18 who want to continue their education. It is provided by upper schools, secondary schools or sixth form colleges.

At the end of each stage, students are assessed. The Most important assessment is associated with the fourth key stage of the study when students pursue their General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). After the GCSE is completed, students have to make a decision about their future path. It is possible to go directly into the working world, to go onto further education or choose a higher education path.

Primary education in the UK

Children in the UK must attend school when they rich the age of five. The exception is Northern Ireland, where compulsory education begins at the age of four.

Primary education includes the first two key stages. So the first two years of study are associated with pre-primary education and the following years, until a child reaches the age of 11, are associated with junior school education.

Though each country of the UK has its own curriculum, much of the content is similar. Nevertheless, there are some slight differences.

In England, the National Curriculum includes such subjects as English, foreign language, maths, science, art and design, computing, design and technology, geography, history, music and physical education.

The Welsh curriculum is focused on applying literacy and numeracy across the whole curriculum. Also, it identifies the different areas of learning such as personal and social development, well-being and cultural diversity, language, literacy and communication skills, mathematical development, Welsh language development (as the first or second language depending on a school), knowledge and understanding of the world, physical development and creative development.

In Scotland, the primary school curriculum includes expressive arts, health and wellbeing, languages, mathematics, religious and moral education, sciences, social studies, and technologies.

Curriculum in the Northern Ireland is focused on studying language and literacy, mathematics and numeracy, the arts, the world around us, personal development and mutual understanding, religious education and physical education.

Parents can choose to educate their children at state or private schools. Each state school in the country is entitled to provide a child with a free place. Private schools in the UK are not free.

There are different types of state schools in the UK. Community schools are run by the local authority and have strong links with local communities. Foundation schools in the UK are run by their own governing body. There are also trust schools that are considered to be a type of foundation schools. Such schools form a charitable trust with an outside partner. There are also voluntary-aided and voluntary-controlled schools.

Secondary education in the UK

Students in secondary schools study a wide range of subjects, including English, Maths, Science, Design and Technology, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), History, Geography, Modern Foreign Languages, Art and Design, Music, Citizenship, Physical Education. In some cases, Sex and Relationship Education and Religious education are included in the curriculum as well.

The secondary school in the UK ends with a GCSE state examinations. GCSE’s take a total of 2 years and mark the end of compulsory education for students in the UK. In the most cases, students pass about 10 GCSEs in different subjects, including mathematics and English language. The results of such examinations are crucial. They will show if a student can apply for further education, pursue higher education in a university or leave school to become a part of the working world.

Further education

Further education in the UK is provided by various educational institutions. Many of them offer the same courses as schools and higher education institutions. There are also vocational and technical courses created those who prefer to learn in a vocational context. Such courses have the aim to meet the needs of employers. There are three main pathways provided by the further education sector. The first one is the academic pathway that includes AS and A levels, International Baccalaureate and undergraduate study. The academic pathway can lead to a job, an apprenticeship or university.

A student can also choose the applied general or technical pathway that provides students with national vocational qualifications, as well as business and technical qualifications. Such pathway can also result in a job, higher apprenticeships, or higher education at college or university.

The third pathway is known as the occupational or professional one. The pathway is provided by apprenticeships or through training courses for employees and can lead to higher apprenticeships or a job or promotion.

The sector of further education has also a range of courses for international students, such as English language courses, summer schools, international diplomas, foundation years and top up courses.

Higher Education

Higher education in the UK is not compulsory and is not free. Nevertheless, there are a variety of scholarships and loans available to students who wish to study in the UK. Furthermore, education in the UK is not as expensive as it may seem first. For example, it is twice as low as in the US. Furthermore, it is important to understand that education in the UK usually takes less time.

It will take just three years to complete an undergraduate degree program and to get a BA (Bachelor of Arts), a BEng (Bachelor of Engineering), or BSc (Bachelor of Science).

After a student completes the undergraduate degree, it is possible to apply for a postgraduate program that generally takes from a year to two years of study. The same concerns Ph.D. program.

Unlike school education, university of college education in the UK provides students with the ability to choose their own educational pathway and to learn more about a subject or job they really enjoy.

Furthermore, higher education in the UK provides students with numerous advantages. These are academic achievements at a university as well as some social advantages. Higher education in the UK involves students in a wide number of out-of -school activities, allows to find new friends and to get insight into future careers.

Blog The Education Hub

https://educationhub.blog.gov.uk/2024/04/09/primary-school-offer-day-2023-everything-you-need-to-know/

Primary school offer day 2024: Everything you need to know

Parents of three and four-year-olds will soon find out what primary school has offered their child a place for the next academic year.  

The majority of pupils will be offered a place at one of their preferred primary schools, while most will be offered their top choice.   

Here, we explain everything you need to know about primary school offer day, from when you can expect to find out, to how to appeal a decision.  

When is primary school offer day and what time are school places released?   

Parents will find out which primary school has offered their child a place for September 2024 on  Tuesday 16 April.

The decision will be sent by the local council by either letter or email. Some councils allow parents to view their results through the admissions portal or system. Exactly what time the offers will be released varies by council.

How likely am I to get my first-choice primary school?  

We want parents to feel reassured when it comes to getting one of their top choice primary schools.

In 2023, 92.5% of families received an offer from their first choice of primary school and 98.3% received an offer from one of their top three choices.

At the same time, over 1 million additional school places have been created between May 2010 and May 2023, with many more in the pipeline.

What happens after I receive an offer of a school place?  

A parent or carer must formally accept the offer by the given deadline. This is usually set through the local authority’s admissions portal or system. You’ll receive details of next steps with the offer.  

Can I appeal a primary school placement decision?  

If you’re not offered your first-choice school, you can appeal the decision . However, even if you're appealing a decision, we recommend accepting the offer your child did receive so that they have a school place if the appeal is unsuccessful. Accepting another offer won’t affect your appeal or limit other options available to you.  

Parents or carers who want to appeal a decision should first contact the school’s admission authority, which is responsible for organising the appeal panel. Parents and carers can find their school’s admission authority by visiting their local council website:  Find your local council - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) .  

The panel is independent and will look at the case presented by both the admission authority and the parent before coming to a decision.  

The decision of the appeal panel is binding – if the appeal is upheld, the admission authority must offer your child a place at the school.  

Admission authorities and appeal panels must comply with the statutory School Admission Appeals Code, which is available  here . Guidance for parents on the admission appeals process can also be found  here .  

How are primary school places decided?  

All schools have admission criteria to decide which children get places. This criteria is set by the school or local council.  

While all state-funded schools must give top priority to admitting children who are in care or have been in care, admission criteria is  different for each school. They may choose to give priority to children:  

• who live close to the school  
• who have a brother or sister at the school already  
• from a particular religion (for faith schools)  
• who are eligible for the pupil premium   
• whose parent has worked at the school for two years or more  

Your  local council  can give you information about a school’s criteria.  

Why has my child not been offered a place at one of their preferred schools?  

Some schools will receive more applications than places it has available and unfortunately not every parent will be successful. Priority must be given to those who most closely meet the school’s specific admission arrangements.  

If the local authority is unable to offer a place at one of the parents’ preferred schools, it must offer a place at another school.  

In the unlikely event that a parent does not receive an offer of a place on 17 April, parents should contact their local authority for further advice.  

Can I join a waiting list for my top-choice primary school?  

You can add your child’s name to the waiting list for any school that you’ve applied for. You should still accept the offer you received and this won’t affect where you stand in the waiting list.  

Schools must keep a waiting list for at least one term. The waiting list will be ordered by the school’s oversubscription criteria.   

In some areas, your child will be automatically added to the waiting lists of the schools you ranked more highly. In others, you must ask to be put on the waiting list. Check the school admissions section of your local authority website to find out how it works in your area.  

You may also be interested in:

• Can I appeal a primary school offer
• How we are growing our 30 hours free childcare offer
• Everything you need to know about childcare support

Tags: free school places , National Offer Day , national offer day 2023 , primary school , primary school offer day , primary schools , school admissions , schools , when is primary school offer day

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Childcare in England failing and falling behind much of world, charity says

Fawcett Society warns sector is lacking in ambition and delivery and calls for free ‘universal’ hours

• Labour in a bind over much-needed childcare reform

England’s childcare system is failing and falling behind those of much of the rest of the world, a UK charity for gender equality and women’s rights has said.

The Fawcett Society said childcare in England was failing on several fronts: affordability, quality and levels of public spending.

The charity looked at early childhood education and care (ECEC) provision in Australia, Canada, Estonia, France, and Ireland – all countries that have recently completed or are undergoing government-led transformation in the sector – and found England’s childcare fell short in ambition and delivery.

The findings echo numerous warnings on the state of childcare in England, with surveys finding that a third of parents with young children say they are struggling to afford childcare , nurseries warning that government plans for free childcare are undeliverable , and about a quarter of a million mothers with young children leaving their jobs because of difficulties with balancing work and childcare .

The most recent change to England’s childcare system, which came into force this month, was an expansion of free hours. The Fawcett Society said that while this was welcome for some families, the narrow focus of the expansion would not help those who are disadvantaged and would not address the wider issues with the system.

The charity argues in its report that the government should offer free “universal” hours of ECEC provision for all children from the end of parental leave until school age.

Jemima Olchawski, the Fawcett Society’s chief executive, said: “Our childcare is some of the most expensive in the world and it isn’t working. Research shows that 85% of mothers struggle to find childcare that fits around their work and one in 10 have quit jobs due to childcare pressures.

“For too long we’ve seen the cracks in our dysfunctional childcare system papered over. We’ve got a patchwork of provision that doesn’t meet the needs of children, parents or the childcare sector. But a broken system isn’t inevitable, as the countries in our research clearly show. We need politicians from all parties to work together and make genuine commitments that last beyond this election – and indeed the next – to reform childcare.

“There are plenty of countries around the world who simply do childcare better and we should be learning from their ambition. As we approach a general election, all parties need to be aware that any credible vision for transforming childcare mustn’t simply offer bolt-ons to a crumbling system. We must be more ambitious, particularly when it has such an impact on both children’s life chances and women’s ability to work.”

The report outlines a plan for long-term reform in England that includes building on and expanding the existing “free hours” to make the offer open to all children, not just those of working parents, with extra subsidies for the poorest to enable them to afford to supplement the universal offer, and fee freezes for everyone.

The report also recommends providing funding to nurseries so they can operate in unprofitable areas, and support inclusion for all children.

Alesha De-Freitas, the director of policy, research and advocacy at the Fawcett Society, said: “Affordability is clearly essential but we’ve got stuck on it. When you look at other countries, you find a richness to the conversations about what is genuinely best for children that is so different to the UK.”

The Fawcett Society report warns that “designing a system which is focused narrowly on [affordability] without strengthening and resourcing the system … may ultimately be counterproductive and unable to meet the demands it has set up”. There is ample international evidence that higher-quality childcare has huge long-term economic and social benefits, it says.

“The early years of a child’s life are so important – the evidence for that is growing all the time,” De-Freitas added. “It really impacts on children’s long-term outcomes and access to education. We should be aiming for so much better than just having somewhere for parents to park their children while they’re at work.”

A Department for Education spokesperson said: “This government is delivering the largest ever expansion of childcare in England’s history, set to save parents taking up the full 30 hours an average of £6,900 for the new entitlements.

“Working parents on universal credit are also eligible for support with childcare costs no matter how many hours they work, up to £1,015 per month for a single child and £1,739 for two children. England has some of the highest-quality early years provision in the world, with 96% of early years settings rated by Ofsted as good or outstanding as of August 2023 – up from 74% in 2012.”

• Early years education
• Education policy

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Curious Historian

$90,000 colleges, the toolbelt generation, and why high schools need a three-track system

Posted: April 18, 2024 | Last updated: April 18, 2024

Four universities

In the upcoming 2024-2025 academic year, certain Vanderbilt students are facing total expenses amounting to $100,000.   

Meanwhile, four universities in New England will charge over $90,000 in tuition fees alone, excluding travel costs.  

Generation Z

A growing number of Generation Z individuals are opting for careers in trades due to a disillusionment with the traditional college path.   

The allure of higher pay in professions like plumbing and welding is attracting these individuals, especially when compared to their peers who graduate with degrees but lack a clear career direction.  

Another plan

Adding to this, the Biden administration is revising yet another plan to gain support by pledging to eliminate student debt.   

General education

What if we implemented a "three-track system" for high school education? This system would involve all students completing two years of general education covering subjects like math, science, history, English, and languages.   

Career paths

Subsequently, students would select two potential career paths in their junior year, culminating in a specialized focus during their senior year.  

Significant need

There is a significant need for individuals who have a clear career goal in fields such as medicine, law, engineering, and other professions that require a college degree for foundational education. While college serves as a pathway to acquiring essential knowledge for these careers, for some students, it offers more than just academic qualifications. 

Life skills

It presents an opportunity to develop life skills like independence in managing tasks such as grocery shopping, laundry, scheduling, and maintaining a home. However, many graduates find themselves with degrees that do not lead to a defined career path, relying on their parents for guidance even after completing their education.  

Preparing students

In the last three decades, career and technical education took a backseat to the emphasis on preparing students for traditional college paths through standardized testing and four-year degree programs. Nevertheless, there is now a resurgence of interest in career tech education within high schools.  

Significant shortage

It is crucial for vocational career paths to be integrated into the curriculum of high schools nationwide. With the retirement of skilled trade workers, businesses are recognizing a significant shortage in the supply of these essential workers compared to the demand.  

Not only do these trades offer stable and well-paying job opportunities, but parents should take pride in sharing with their families, friends, and neighbors that their child is pursuing a career as a plumber, electrician, or welder.  

Gain exposure

A significant 55% of Generation Z individuals aged 18 to 26 and millennials aged 27 to 42 are already engaged in a side hustle, with this trend on the rise. Whether pursued on a part-time basis or developed into a full-time pursuit, it is valuable for students to gain exposure to setting up an LLC, managing a basic profit and loss statement, and understanding tax returns and pay stubs.   

Resolving this issue

The key to resolving this issue lies in introducing high school students to genuine career opportunities in the United States from the moment they begin their secondary education.   

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