thesis on conflict management in nigeria

Nigeria: Conflict, Conflict Management, and Humanitarian Aid

• First Online: 12 May 2022

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• Medinat Abdulazeez Malefakis 2  

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Nigeria is an ethnically diverse country. The country is also ‘Islamo-Christian’ implying an almost even number of Christians and Muslims living side by side. Due to its large population and diversity, major political, economic, and social issues are vigorously or violently contested along the lines of the complex ethnic, religious, and regional divisions. From colonialism and even after independence, struggles for ethnic, political, and religious legitimacy have dotted Nigeria’s conflict landscape culminating in a civil war in 1967 (amongst other violent conflagrations). The civil war marked the beginning of international humanitarian aid interventions in Nigeria. This chapter chronicles the history of Nigeria, analyzing the country’s conflict landscape and examining the dynamics which shaped humanitarian aid interventions then, and continue to manifest in humanitarian and displacement management contemporarily.

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Abdulazeez Malefakis, M. (2022). Nigeria: Conflict, Conflict Management, and Humanitarian Aid. In: Humanitarian Displacement and Boko Haram in Nigeria. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99784-7_1

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EFFECT OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA PhD PROPOSAL

ABSTRACT Conflict is an essential and unavoidable human phenomenon because where there is human interaction; there is a likelihood of personal likes and dislikes. These agreements and disagreements among individuals and groups lead them to conflicts. Conflicts are neither constructive nor disruptive but the ways these are handled make them either positive or negative. Schools, like other human organizations, are prone to one or other type of conflict. Various conflict management strategies are adopted for handling conflict; the most important among these are, mediation, negotiation, avoidance, collaborating etc. The main concern of this research is to empirically examine effect of conflict management in performance of organizations with a view to solving the current phenomenon of conflicts being experienced in public secondary schools and make them more effective, efficient and conducive for the development of human capital of our nation. To assess the effect of conflict in performance of public secondary schools, determine whether management being aware of conflict in the public secondary schools towards conflict management strategies, establish management approaches used by the educational institutions managers in South West Nigeria in conflict management, evaluate the role of environment in conflict and suggest recommendations for solving conflict in public secondary schools in South West, Nigeria. Both qualitative and quantitative research will be used. The research design that will be used in this study was descriptive survey. Data will be collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The target population is 969 public secondary school principals. Using stratified probability sampling based on different categories of schools and non probability sampling, an optimum proportion of 30% was drawn from each category of the target population of schools to satisfy these requirements of optimality and representativeness. From the selected school, 155 principals will be selected as the chief executive officers in-charge of management of the school organizations. Since the study was concerned with the relationships between identified dependent, intervening and independent variables, structural equation modeling and other multivariate statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The regression and ANOVA analysis were used to analyze the relationship between conflict management and performance in educational institutions. All the null hypotheses of the study, will be analyzed using Chi and T-test, were rejected.

Related Papers

Moses Adeleke ADEOYE

Conflict management is the ability of the school head to deal with everyday situations in removing the cognitive barriers to agreement and flexibility. The principal has a compulsory task of utilizing and directing the behaviour of human resources of his school towards the accomplishment of the school goals. The study evaluates conflict management by secondary school principals. The study used a descriptive survey design with a population of 49 principals. Two research questions and one hypothesis were used to collect data. The review of the literature revealed that conflict is inevitable and inherent in every human organization. The research instrument used was titled ‘Assessment of Conflicts Management by Secondary Principals Questionnaire’ (ACMSPQ) with a 4-point scale. The questionnaire was divided into two sections, Section A entails the personal data of the respondents while Section B contains 17 items on assessment of conflicts management relating to staffs-related & students’ related conflicts in secondary schools. The data were analyzed using a weighted mean for the two research questions at a benchmark level of 2.50 and a one-way analysis of variance for the hypotheses at levels of 0.5 level of probability. Findings from the data revealed that the assessment of conflict management by principals was effectively carried out through various strategies. It was concluded that principals should ensure the proper clarification of teachers’ roles or schedules of duties and the allocation of school resources to the staff.

Kenobi Krukru , Ken Gabriel

This study is aimed at investigating the various strategies adopted by principals of secondary schools in Imo State in handling conflicts. Four research questions and three hypothesis guided the conduct of the study. Questionnaire was used to collect relevant data from three educational zones out of the six educational zones of the state. 720 teachers were randomly selected. T-test statistics was employed to test each hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that various levels of conflicts exist in secondary schools. They include, intra-personal, inter-personal, community related and inter-organizational conflicts. The most prevalent level of conflict are intra-personal, inter-personal and intra-unit/departmental. The study revealed that the conflict management strategies that are regularly used by principals are dialogue, communication and disciplinary committee. While those that are rarely used are avoidance and third party. School location influences principals choice of management strategies. On the other hand, gender has no significant difference in principals choice of conflict management strategies. In view of this, it was among others recommended that to reduce conflicts in schools, the ministry of education and the secondary education Management Board could train school principals in the acquisition and proper adoption of conflict management strategies. The suggested training could take the form of conferences, seminars and workshops on the subject matter from time to time.

IOSR Journals

Conflicts seem to be a continuous factor in leaning institutions these days and it is becoming a part of academic life. Schools frequently appear to be a field of disagreement and on occasion, they are perhaps a manifestation of problems in the community. For a school to be effective, individual members need to be able to work in a conflict free environment. The general objective of the study was to investigate on the influence of strategies adopted by school management in containing conflicts in public primary schools in Lamu County. Specifically, the study sought to establish the influence of competing strategy adopted by school management; the influence of collaboration strategy adopted by school management; the influence of avoiding strategy adopted by school management and the influence of compromising strategy adopted by school management in containing conflicts in public primary schools in Lamu County. The thesis was founded and based on the dual concern theory and max conflict theory. Target population for this study included 68 public primary schools of Lamu County and therefore targeted a population of 272 respondents comprising of the school's head teachers, Deputy Head teachers, senior teachers respectively and Chairmen of Boards of Management. The sample size was 80 respondents randomly selected from the 68 schools in both Lamu East and Lamu West Sub-Counties. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages, means and standard deviations), and inferential statistics (t-test) using SPSS software version 23. The study adopted a survey design where both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to analyze data. Piloting of the study was done in 10 schools randomly selected which did not take part in the real research. Information about the number of schools is as recorded by the MoEST and the TSC County offices. This excludes the schools prone to frequent attacks by the Al-Shabab militia from both sub counties. Generally, it is hoped that findings of this research study will help improve the understanding of strategies to be adopted by school management in containing conflicts in public primary schools in Lamu County and their ultimate effects conflict resolutions. This study's findings will also help improve on the future management of conflicts by head teachers, deputies, senior teachers and board members in public primary schools in Lamu County. The study concluded that school administrations have been adversely affected by lack of knowledge of conflicts management as most administrators handled conflict by trial and error approach because there were no specific procedures and methods of managing conflicts. The study therefore recommended that no one strategy is enough in conflict management and containment hence the study recommends that the school management to consider the utilization of at least two strategies in order to contain conflict. A blend of two or more strategies in containing conflict will enhance effective conflict management in public primary schools in Lamu County. It further recommended that; it is from the source of conflict where the best strategy shall be employed in containing the nature of conflict. It is therefore necessary to identify causes of conflict in an institution and subsequently suggest the best strategy to put in place.

IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management

Valentine J Owan

The study investigated administrators’ conflict management strategies utilization and job effectiveness of secondary school teachers in Obubra Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Two research questions and null hypotheses were developed to guide the study. The study adopted factorial research design. Census technique was used in selecting the entire population of 464 secondary school teachers in the area. Conflict Management Strategies Utilization Questionnaire (CMSUQ) and Secondary School Teachers’ Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (SSTJEQ) were used respectively, as instruments for data collection. The hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance using Population t-test, and Multiple Regression analyses. Findings revealed that, teachers’ job effectiveness level in Obubra Local Government Area is significantly high. The findings also revealed among others that; the utilization of the three conflict management strategies (arbitration, dialogue, and effective communication) had a joint significant influence on secondary school teachers’ job effectiveness. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that; secondary school principal should not rely wholly on one conflict management strategy, instead they should learn how to use various conflict management strategies and apply them based on the nature of conflict.

saheed oyeniran

This paper is a report on a study on the influence of principal’s personal characteristics on conflict management in Kwara State secondary schools. It is a descriptive survey carried out expost facto. Five hundred principals and teachers were randomly selected as respondents from senior secondary schools in Kwara State. A Researcher designed instrument tagged: “Principal’s Personal Characteristics and Conflict Management Questionnaire” (PPCCMQ) was used to collect relevant information from the respondents. The instrument was validated by six experts from the Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria and subjected to test re-test technique to ascertain reliability coefficient value of 0.78. Four research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study indicated that a significant relationship existed between principal’s perso...

Conflict is inevitable in nearly all the Type of institutions and if it is ignored, its consequences may not be in the interest of the Type of institution or any institution. This research paper investigated the existence of conflicts, teachers and management officials' capability to manage conflicts effectively from the perspectives of teachers and management officials. Present paper also analysed the association between dependent variable (government and private institutions) with conflict management capabilities. 11 null hypotheses were formulated to address this research problem; and were tested with the Chi square test. In this exploratory research, primary data of 762 teachers and management officials out of which there were 602 teachers (Assistant professors and Associate professors) and 160 management officials were used. Findings of the study revealed all the null hypotheses were rejected, hence it can be concluded that there is association between both the dependent and independent variables. Finally it is concluded that government and private institutions have conflicts and the approach of the teachers and management officials is different while dealing with existing conflicts.

The study investigated conflict manifestations in secondary schools in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Three research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted descriptive research design to gather detailed information from the field. The target population comprised 221 principals and 3290 teachers totaling 3511 in public secondary school in Ebonyi State. A stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 550 respondents from the three education zones of the State. An instrument titled: Conflict Manifestation in Secondary Schools (CMSS) questionnaire was developed by the researchers for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using mean (x)score statistics and standard deviation to answer the three research questions while t-test statistics were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance using the statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The findings revealed great manifestations of psychological, philosophical and socio-cultural related conflicts in secondary schools as a disturbing encounter to school administration and management. There was no significant difference in the mean ratingsof principals' use of conflict manifestation styles with regard to gender and school location. The study concluded thatprincipals timely application of reconciliation, compromise and mediation strategies might stem the tide of frequent conflict manifestations in schools.

Olayemi J Abiodun-Oyebanji

Managing conflict in school organizations has long been an area of interest to researchers due to its impact on building a safer secondary school environment among others. For any organization to be effective and productive there must be an efficient means of managing conflict by its management, using the appropriate strategies. Thus, this study therefore investigated understanding components of managing conflict and its implication for building a safer school environment in some selected public secondary schools in Ekiti state; Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples across the state. The state was stratified into three senatorial districts (Ekiti North, Ekiti South and Ekiti central); from which 3 local government (LGAs) were randomly selected. Simple random sampling was used to select 5 schools from each of the LGAs, comprising 15 public secondary schools. Proportionate sampling to size was used to get the average percentage of the participants from each of the sampled schools, thus a total of 535 participants were sampled for the study. Questionnaire used to collect primary data was validated and yielded a reliability coefficient of r=0.81; and data collected were analyzed using Multiple regression. The result revealed a significant composite contribution of components of managing conflict (R= .652 and R2=.425, (F(5,524) =50.876, P= 0.00.)) to building a safer school environment. Again, there was a significant relative contributions of components of managing conflict to building a safer school environment: collaborating β = (.760), t(528) =4.037, p<0. 05 which was significant and followed by competing β= (.673), t(528) = 2.092, p<0.05, compromising β = (.592), t(528) 2.032, p<0.05, accommodating β = (.62 1), t(528) = 2.008, p<0. 05 and then avoiding conflict management strategies β = (-0.276), t(528) -2.065, p<0.05. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others, the need to expose school principals to courses on conflict management components in the secondary school system so as to enhance the building of a safer school environment, for better teaching and learning.

Journal Article

Edime Yunusa , Samuel Muhammed Enefu

This study investigated conflict management and teachers job performance in selected senior secondary schools in Kogi State. The objectives of the study included identifying the sources of conflict between principals and teachers in senior secondary schools in Kogi State, investigating the impact of conflict management on teachers' efficiency in senior secondary schools in Kogi State, examining conflict management challenges facing teachers' effectiveness and motivation in senior secondary schools in Kogi State and to bring to light conflict management strategies that will boost teachers' performance in senior secondary schools in Kogi State. Utilizing frustration-aggression theory, the study adopted descriptive survey research design with the population of the study comprising of 3,300 teachers and Principals from 283 senior secondary schools in Kogi State. A sample of 341 was drawn using Krjcie & Morgan table. Simple random sampling cum purposive sampling techniques were

Nordic Journal of African Studies

olu okotoni

This paper examined the management of conflicts in the administration of secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria. It also identified, discussed and analysed the causes as well as the various ways conflicts manifested in the administration of secondary schools in the state. The effects of conflicts on school administration were equally examined. Quantitative and qualitative data were generated from both primary and secondary sources. The paper showed that administration of secondary schools in the state was hampered by high rate of conflicts. Several types of conflicts were identified in the schools among which were conflicts between management and staff; between staff and students; between the communities and schools; and inter-personal conflicts to mention a few. The causes of conflicts in schools in the state included inadequate welfare package for workers; forceful and compulsory retirement/retrenchment of workers; administrative incompetence; personality clashes; role conflicts...

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