multiplication table homework ideas

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. Have each child bring in an egg carton and a plastic container with some type of little objects. These could be pennies, beads, buttons, paper clips, raw macaroni, mini-pompoms... whatever. When you say and write a problem, such as 3 x 4, the children need to display this problem using different sections of the egg carton to hold each group.

By the way, I always told my students to think of the X in a multiplication problem as meaning " ." So 3 x 4 is "3 groups of 4."

Using the egg carton, then, they would only use 3 compartments, and they would put 4 items in each of those 3 compartments, counting as they go. And also after the problem is set up, they can count by those 4's: 4, 8, 12.

Then you could say, "4 x 3." Now they need 4 groups of 3, so they'll use 4 compartments and put 3 items in each, but they will still have 12. Count by those 3's: 3, 6, 9, 12.

. The cheapest way is just to use graph paper and color in squares. So again, with 3 x 4 (3 groups of 4), to show 3 groups of 4, students would color 3 rows with 4 squares in each row (4 + 4 + 4). To show 4 x 3 (4 groups of 3), students would color 4 rows with 3 squares in each row. They can then compare these two rectangles and see that in both cases, 12 squares are colored, but one looks like the other, turned 90 degrees.

The more expensive but more effective way to make rectangles is with . This way the colors also help to reinforce the problems. To show 3 x 4, you'd need 3 purple (4) rods. To show 4 x 3, you'd need 4 light green (3) rods.

I wanted so badly for my students to each have a set of "Cuisenaire rods" to use at home that . I just made photocopies of centimeter grid paper onto stiff card stock. Then the students colored portions of the grid paper with crayons, using the 10 colors needed to match the rods and then cut them out with scissors. So, for instance, red rods are the length of two units (the white rods). So if they needed 10 red rods, they would need to color 20 squares red, then cut them out in clumps of two. They would need 30 light-green squares to make 10 light- green "three" rods. And so on. If you don't actually have the rods, the colors are:

multiplication chart 1 - 9

Multiplication table chart projects, frequently asked questions, what is a multiplication chart, a multiplication chart is a table that helps you learn and remember multiplication facts. it shows the products of numbers when multiplied together. for example, if you want to know what 3 times 4 is, you find the number 3 on one side of the chart and the number 4 on the other side. where the row and column meet, you will see the answer, which is 12. it's a helpful tool for practicing and understanding multiplication., what is the history of the multiplication chart, the history of the multiplication chart goes back a long time. people have been using multiplication for thousands of years. the ancient egyptians and babylonians used methods to multiply numbers. in china, around 2,200 years ago, they created early multiplication tables. the multiplication chart as we know it today became popular in schools in the 19th century. it has been a useful way to teach children multiplication and help them with math., who should use a multiplication chart, a multiplication chart is good for anyone who wants to learn or practice multiplication. it is very helpful for kids who are learning how to multiply numbers. kids can use a multiplication chart to learn how to multiply numbers. it helps them see patterns and remember the answers. for example, they can quickly find out that 2 times 3 is 6 by looking at the chart., at what age should kids start using a multiplication chart, kids can start using a multiplication chart around the age of 7 or 8, when they begin learning multiplication in school. however, younger kids can also benefit from seeing the patterns and practicing with the chart., how do you use a multiplication chart, to use a multiplication chart, click on the product you want to find. the related factors (multiplicands and multipliers) will change color along with the product, making it easy to see the relationship between the numbers. additionally, the multiplication formula will be displayed below., can a multiplication chart help with division, yes, a multiplication chart can help with division. by knowing the multiplication facts, you can use the chart to see the relationships between numbers and solve division problems more easily., how to generate a dynamic multiplication chart, to generate a dynamic multiplication chart, you can append "/2-10" to your domain url. this will create a multiplication chart for the range of numbers from 2 to 10. similarly, adding "/3-13" to the domain will generate a multiplication chart for numbers 3 to 13. users can modify the url to dynamically generate charts for any range between 1 and 100. for example, "/5-20" will create a multiplication chart for numbers 5 to 20. this feature allows users to explore multiplication tables for any desired range within the specified limits., random multiplication chart.

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• 10 Of The Best Free Multiplication Maths Resources For Primary Schools

12 of the best times tables resources and games for primary maths

Get with the times (tables) and check out some of these ideas and activities for teaching multiplication in Key Stage 1 and 2…

Beyond buying apps on mum or dad’s iTunes account it can sometimes be hard for children to grasp the real-world potential of maths.

But we, of course, know all the famous names that have contributed to the world through numbers, equations and mathematical concepts.

There’s Newton, Pythagoras, Descartes, Archimedes, Noether, Einstein

So, if you’re looking for ways to give kids a helping hand and add some variety into how to teach times tables , we’ve picked out 10 resources and games to engage your class.

And if you need a printable times table grid , we’ve got you covered there too!

1 | Maths mastery worksheets for times tables 2-10

Take a mastery approach to teaching the times tables with these nine times tables worksheets . Beginning with the two times table, the activities and questions carefully build children’s understanding of and confidence with the times tables.

Starting with pictoral examples, the problems move on to the abstract. There are layers of challenge to support children as their knowledge of the times tables grows. Pupils will problem solve using the times tables, learn to spot mathematical patters and work with basic algebra.

The process also supports children’s understanding of the relationship between the different times tables (eg 2 and 4 times tables and 3 and 6 times tables).

Browse more  algebra games .

2 | Times tables posters

This resource contains full-page, A4 illustrated multiplication table posters for numbers 2 to 9 on separate sheets, with colourful accompanying graphics that includes tractors, bees, hot air balloons and apples.

3 | Two, five and ten times tables challenge pack

This Times Tables Challenge Pack provides children with a term’s worth of practice on recalling multiplication facts for their 2, 5 and 10 times tables.

The pack contains 13 sheets of 60 problems. The children can complete as many of these as possible as a timed challenge. Also included in this pack is a scorecard so that children can see how recall is improving across the term.

Download it here.

4 | Times tables bumper packs

These packs support the introduction or review of teaching the each times table to a class or group, and includes:

A PowerPoint containing .

• Visual Introduction – a visual explanation of how the times table uses repeated counting
• Rote – practice for times table recall
• Practice questions – questions on the recall of multiplication and division facts related to the times table
• Investigation – Questions related to the rules of the times table and maths in real life problems involving the times table
• A cheat sheet – reminding pupils of a rule for the times table

An activity booklet containing

• A times table practice tube
• 3 differentiated activity sheets. These include practice, questioning and problem-solving questions. The sheet for more able pupils includes links to other areas of maths
• 1 rapid-recall sheet of 60 times table questions
• 1 rapid-recall sheet of 60 multiplication and division questions relating to the times table
• An investigation related to the times table

Each pack costs £3.99, but the 7 times table pack is free if you want to see exactly what you get inside.

Check them out on Plazoom, here.

5 | Hit the Button

This quick-fire game from Top Marks can be played using times tables up to 10 or 12, focusing on one particular times table or using a mix of sums from all of them. Race against the clock to answer as many questions correctly as possible and reinforce your multiplication learning.

You can choose to be given sums to select the correct answer, or be given an answer to which you need to find the right sum. Once the same question has come up a few times you’ll notice how quickly you’ve internalised the answer.

Browse more maths games KS2 ideas .

6 | Times tables tricks videos

Having trouble getting your learners to retain their multiplication tables? Try a different approach using these videos of handy times tables tricks.

Watch them all here.

7 | Multiplication and division activities for KS1&2

NRICH is a great go-to source for mathematical activities, so here you’ll find loads for both primary key stages, such as Forgot the Numbers which explores the relationship between multiplication and division and Trebling which looks at place value.

Click here for Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 2 .

8 | Visible times tables

Help your pupils develop a solid grasp of the 1x, 2x, 5x and 10x times tables through visual indications and pattern recognition, with this lesson plan for KS2 maths and pupils with SEN, from Judy Hornigold.

9 | Multiplication games

This PDF features four quick and easy games for children to work on their maths skills. You’ll only need simple things like number cards and dice, so they’re quick to set up, teach, play and pack away. What more could you want?

Download the PDF here .

10 | What’s Wrong?

Well, my shoulder has been playing up, Janice in accounting took my lunch and…oh, you mean with this maths equation? Sure.

Instead of getting children to do different variations of the same sums, this KS2 flash game shows an incorrect answer and gets them to point out where the mistake lies.

Play it here .

11 | Mastering maths – multiplication and division at KS2

Mastery hasn’t been this popular since He-Man and the Masters of the Universe first hit our screens in the early ’80s.

This resource comes as a PDF and as an adaptable word document and will push your KS2 students’ maths skills to the limits.

Download it here .

12 | Identify the Factors

These handy printable worksheets from Snappy Maths provide exercises identifying factors for numbers up to 50 and numbers up to 100, and finding the highest factor for each of these two categories. There are 5 sheets for each one too, so (20 sheets in all).

You’ll also find online activities and links to related sites.

Check them out here .

Bonus advice articles

While not resources, these features contain loads of handy ideas and advice that can help you teach times tables:

Help children memorise times tables by encouraging them to make connections

Want to ensure multiplication tables don’t become a sticking point?

Beth Smith is here to show you how .

Ten ways to engage parents in teaching times tables

Despite them being a fundamental mathematical tool, many students leave primary unable to recite times tables to 12.

This piece from helps you encourage parents/carers to get involved at home.

Bring multiplication tables to life with real-world examples

This article from Karen Wilding can make sure that’s the case.

Browse more  maths games KS1  and maths games KS2 ideas.

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How to Teach Multiplication to Kids: 15 Fun Ways

Step 1: Discourage Memorization

Step 2: show the magic of zero, step 3: identify the property of one, step 4: start with easy numbers, step 5: show commutative property, step 6: show the relationship between tables, step 7: tell them the logic behind multiplication, step 8: break down the number, step 9: use visuals.

Are you a primary school math teacher? Are you trying to figure out how to teach multiplication to your students? Well, then, you have landed on the right post. We will discuss easy and fun ways to teach multiplication to your young students. 

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Math is rarely students’ favorite subject. But it sets the fundamentals of most day-to-day life activities. Be it telling time or counting money, everything is math. 

Among the four core elements of math (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), multiplication is the most crucial one. It sets the ground for many advanced mathematical concepts like algebra and calculus. 

Besides this, learning tables improve children’s memory and mathematical skills. Thus, making your preschoolers fluent in multiplication gives them the confidence to solve complicated math problems and get better at math .

As a primary school math teacher, you are responsible for making multiplication fun and exciting for your class. If you get your students interested in math now, you can give them several prosperous academic years ahead. Don’t stress, though, for we are here to help! 

Let’s explore some engaging and easy ways to teach multiplication to preschoolers. 

How to Teach Multiplication in 9 Easy Steps

Primary school is a stepping stone in a child’s academic development. It teaches vital subjects like multiplication that can help learn many new subjects.

Therefore, primary school teachers must make the subject interesting for students. Since the basics of multiplication revolve around memorizing tables, there is nothing much that teachers can do to make the subject interesting. Students have to learn tables on their own to move ahead in their grades. 

However, there are some strategies teachers can use to simplify learning multiplication for their class. Here are the best strategies to teach multiplication to students in primary school:

Students often struggle with memorization. They find it challenging to learn and implement all the tables in a problem. Some children get so scared of table memorization that they fear doing math. 

To prevent this, the best strategy is to show your class the relationship between multiplication and addition. This strategy can also help students understand the multiplication concept, which is repeated addition. 

Use relatable examples to show your class how multiplication is based on addition. As your class would have already learned addition in previous lessons, making them comfortable with multiplication will take less time. 

You can write these equations on your blackboard to help your struggling students with visuals:

3 x 3 is the same as 3 + 3 + 3

4 x 2 is the same as 4 + 4 

Before getting into complex numbers, you should show your students how zero works in mathematics. You can show them how adding a number to zero doesn’t change its value. But multiplying a number by zero also makes it zero.

Here, you can use this visual example:

You can also use examples to teach students how zero works in multiplication. For example, ask your students to count the number of chairs in the class, let’s say 25. After that, ask them to count chairs with monkeys on them; that’s zero. 

Like zero, the number one is also easy to multiply. Any number that multiplies with one retains its value: 

n x 1 = 1 

You can use real-life examples to show the property of number one to your class. For example, a row on the calendar shows seven days of one week. 

To make table learning easy, start with easy numbers that students can remember faster. 

For example, after teaching the number zero and the property of one, you can show your class the tables of 10 and 11. 

So, n x 10 = n0 

n x 11 = nn

Multiplication is also commutative, like addition. It means the order of factors doesn’t change the answer. 

Simply put, you can multiply two numbers in any order, and the answer will be the same. For example, the answer for 2 x 5 or 5 x 2 will be the same 10. 

This property can show your students that multiplication is easier than it looks.

Another simple step to teaching multiplication is showing your class the relationships between tables. 

For example, you can highlight that when students learn tables up to 8, they automatically learn the table of 9 as the number 9 comes in all tables; students can skip learning its table. 

This small relief can help to motivate students when they struggle with multiplication. 

If children try to memorize tables, they will soon forget them, too. So instead of making your students memorize tables, tell them the meaning behind multiplication, and they can use it in real situations. 

For example, you can bring a box of donuts for your students and ask them to calculate the number of donuts in the box. Now, show your students that if they multiply the number of rows by columns, they can calculate donuts faster than counting each donut. 

If your students struggle with big number multiplication, you can show them how to break down the number. 

For example, instead of multiplying 8 x 9, they can multiply as 8 x (5 + 4).

They can also implement the property this way, (8 x 5) + (8 x 4): 40 + 32. 

Many studies have confirmed that students learn better through visuals. So, using visual learning aids is one of the best ways to teach multiplication. 

For example, students can learn multiplication through animated games . The games let students understand the reason behind multiplication. Plus, visuals help in learning tables faster. 

6 Fun Ways to Teach Multiplication to Students Who Struggle to Understand the Concept

To make multiplication easy for your students, you need to go beyond the regular teaching strategies . To make learning multiplication enjoyable and simple, here are some fun learning activities:

Fun Activity #1: Fun Virtual Games

Today, it is impossible to keep kids away from screens. So, you can use screens to your advantage to teach multiplication. 

Turning to game-based learning can make learning multiplication engaging. These games can improve students’ concentration levels and math skills. The best part is that games like these remove the fear of failure many students struggle with. Multiplication learning games provide a safe environment where students can type in the wrong answer but still feel motivated to try again.

Fun Activity #2: Classroom Multiplication Activities

You can eliminate multiplication fear in the classroom through math games . For instance, you can play a simple “constant calculator” activity in your class. 

Encourage your students to use the constant function on calculators to find the multiples of any number to understand the connection between addition and multiplication. 

Here’s how it works: 

• Choose a number, like 7, and enter it into the calculator.
• Press the + button first, then the = button. The calculator should once more display seven. 
• Next, keep pressing the = button. Seven will be continuously added by the constant function, displaying the number’s incremental multiples (7, 14, 21, 28, and so on) 
• You could ask students to list the multiples they discover and then challenge them to look for patterns in their list.

Fun Activity #3: Multiplication Songs

Every kid loves music. And it’s so much easier to learn anything that rhymes and has beats. So, you can find some good multiplication songs and play them in your class for fun math learning. You could even encourage the students to sing along as they learn.

You can find various multiplication songs on YouTube with animated videos. Some of the best multiplication song channels and websites are: 

• Multiplication Unplugged 
• Songs for Teaching  
• Rock ‘N Learn  
• Flocabulary Multiplication Rap 

Fun Activity #4: A Friendly Math Competition

Competition is the best way to motivate students. You can host a multiplication fact competition in your class and offer a fun reward to encourage students to learn multiplication. 

• Split your class into two teams. 
• Make two lines of students, with one line representing each team, and have them face one another. 
• The instructor may hold up an equation or call out a multiplication fact. 
• A student in the first pair (the kids facing each other) shouts out the solution. 
• A point is awarded to the student who responds correctly in the first place. 
• The instructor moves on to the following pairing as the students both sit. 
• The instructor continues this until every student in the line has been addressed. 
• The row that scores the most wins.

You can give the role of scorekeeper to a student if you have an odd number of students in your class. Pairing students at the same academic level to compete against one another can benefit them, too.

Fun Activity #5: Card Games

You can also use cards to teach multiplication to your students. Multiplication War is an old yet fun car game that can make multiplication learning fun. 

Here’s how it works:

This game has two players. The cards are dealt face down in two piles by one student after they have been shuffled. Both students flip over the top card from their face-down pile after counting down (3, 2, 1, GO!). 

The set is won by the first pupil, who correctly multiplies both numbers on the cards. When all of the cards have been used, the student with the most sets wins. 

Be sure to assign a number to the Ace, Queen, and King if you plan to use them from the deck. For instance, the Ace might be worth zero, the Jack might be worth one, the Queen might be worth eleven, and the King might be worth twelve. Don’t forget to take out the jokers!

Fun Activity #6: Multiplication Name Tags

This activity is a great way to teach multiplication. It can help students learn tables without even trying. 

Make multiplication name tags for yourself and everyone in your class. Everyone should go by the “name” throughout the day. Someone’s name for the day would be 24 if, for instance, they were wearing the tag “8 x 3”. Set aside a specific time each day for students to stand up and make introductions. Good morning; my name is 80 (8 x 10) or 25 (5 x 5).

As you can see, using a creative approach to teaching multiplication to your students will help them learn and retain the concepts. 

Innovative methods can make math simple and interesting for your students. So, use visuals, games, activities, and different strategies to make multiplication fun. 

For multiplication games, you can always check out free SplashLearn games. We have a wide range of free games for preschoolers and elementary students.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How can i teach multiplication to students who have math anxiety.

• Here’s how to teach multiplication to students who seem overwhelmed with the topic in 4 easy steps:

Step 1: Divide the information into manageable portions. 

Step 2: Use a straightforward visual to provide context to the fact. 

Step 3: Show the student how to use the simpler facts as a springboard for the more difficult ones. 

Step 4: Work on mastering each table separately.

How can I teach my ADD/ADHD students how to multiply?

Lay out the cards one at a time for your students to multiply after explaining what you want them to practice (such as 9 x tables) and setting a timer for one minute. Give them the answers to any questions they get wrong so they will have a better chance of answering correctly the next time the number is called. Target 20–30 facts per minute.

How do you teach multiplication to a third grader?

Students can express multiplication issues using arrays. They can use beads, blocks, bottle caps, paper clips, or other objects to complete them on a grid or just on their desks.

When should a child start learning multiplication facts?

Most experts concur that children start learning their tables between the ages of five and eight. They can begin to comprehend how their numbers interact with one another as they start to become more conscious of their numbers.

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Free Multiplication Charts and Worksheets

12 times table.

Select a number!

Multiplication chart printables.

For extra practice, we’ve provided several free printable times table charts below! Whether you need a standard multiplication chart, a blank multiplication chart, or a chart filled with color, these times table practice sheets are available (for free !) to be used and shared in classrooms and study groups to allow students to improve their multiplication skills.

Printable 12×12 Times Tables

Printable 10×10 times tables, printable 8×8 times tables, other printable times tables.

• Download Standard 9×9 Times Table
• Download Multicolor 9×9 Times Table
• Download Blank 9×9 Times Table
• Download Standard 7×7 Times Table
• Download Multicolor 7×7 Times Table
• Download Blank 7×7 Times Table
• Download Times Tables 1-20 Sheet (Grayscale)
• Download Standard 6×6 Times Table
• Download Multicolor 6×6 Times Table
• Download Blank 6×6 Times Table
• Download Standard 4×4 Times Table
• Download Multicolor 4×4 Times Table
• Download Blank 4×4 Times Table
• Download Times Tables 1-20 Sheet (Color)

Multiplication Worksheets

Below, you’ll find some free multiplication worksheets, ranging from 3rd-grade to 5th-grade learning levels. These multipage multiplication worksheets are available to be used and shared freely in classrooms and study groups to allow students to improve their multiplication skills. We’ve also provided answer keys for each worksheet.

3rd Grade Multiplication Worksheets

4th grade multiplication worksheets, 5th grade multiplication worksheets, how to learn multiplication tables.

Mastering multiplication tables is part of the foundation for math fluency and understanding. Some of the best strategies for learning the times tables include the following:

What is multiplication?

Before learning the times tables, it’s necessary to understand how multiplication works.

Multiplication is the same thing as repeated addition. For instance, \(5 \times 4\) is the same as adding the number 5 four times, or \(5+5+5+5\). Since \(5+5+5+5=20\), \(5 \times 4\) is also equal to 20.

\(5 \times 4=\) \(20\)

\(5+5+5+5=\) \(20\)

  Knowing that multiplication is repeated addition makes it seem a bit less intimidating.

Use visuals

Another way to learn multiplication tables is to use visual models. These can help you to see and understand what the multiplication problems mean.

Some helpful visuals for multiplication are hands-on manipulatives and dot arrays.

When you comprehend the math, the times tables become easier to learn.

Break it down into smaller chunks

Instead of trying to memorize all the times tables at once, break it down into smaller chunks. Focus on one row or column of the times table chart at a time. Doing so makes the process of learning and memorizing these facts much more manageable.

Look for patterns

As you study each row of the multiplication chart, look to see what patterns you notice. Since multiplication is the same as repeated addition, you’ll see that each row follows a pattern in skip-counting . Becoming aware of these patterns will help you to learn the multiplication tables in no time.

Use easier facts to solve harder facts

It’s no secret that some multiplication facts are easier to figure out than others. The good news is that we can use the facts we know to help us solve the ones that we’re stuck on.

For example, consider \(6 \times 7\).

  Since this problem may be more difficult to commit to memory, we can use an easier fact, such as \(5 \times 7\), to help us solve it. Since most of us are already familiar with skip-counting by 5s, we can start here. Five groups of 7 equals 35, and 6 groups of 7 is just one more set of 7.

Since \(35+7=42\), \(6 \times 7\) is also equal to 42.

In most cases, an easier math fact can be used as a stepping stone to help solve a more challenging problem.

Study, study, study!

Learning all the multiplication tables takes time. It’s helpful to practice with consistency and study using a times table chart. The times table chart, or multiplication chart, is a great tool to help with memorization.

The most important thing to keep in mind is that learning these facts won’t happen overnight. Instead, set aside a few minutes each day to review a portion of the times table chart using some of the strategies mentioned above.

How to memorize multiplication tables

Once you understand how multiplication works, you’re ready to work on memorization. Committing something to memory takes time, repetition, and practice. Let’s go over some of the most effective ways to memorize the times tables.

Practice skip-counting

Each row or column on a multiplication chart follows a pattern that can be learned by skip-counting. Skip-counting means counting forward or backward by any number that is not 1.

For example, skip-counting by 2s is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and so on.

Skip-counting by 5s is 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, etc.

Practicing this skill with the numbers 2 through 12 will help you commit the times tables to memory.

Recite forward and backward

For many people, saying the multiplication tables aloud helps with memorization. Reciting the times tables also reinforces how each of the products is related. For instance, reciting “\(4 \times 1\) is 4. \(4 \times 2\) is 8. \(4 \times 3\) is 12…” will help remind you that each subsequent product is found by adding 4 each time.

Likewise, reciting the 4s times table backward (“\(4 \times 12\) is 48, \(4 \times 11\) is 44,…”) will help show that each subsequent product is found by subtracting 4 each time.

Reciting times tables forward and backward helps with memorization and making connections.

There are lots of ways to use flashcards to help you commit the multiplication tables to memory. Below are some suggestions:

• Without looking at the answers, order a set of flashcards from the lowest to the highest product.
• Select a flashcard and draw a visual, such as a dot array, to represent the math fact.
• Choose a flashcard and write down another multiplication problem that gives the same product. For instance, \(6×2=12\) and \(2×6=12\).
• Review your flashcards and separate them into two groups: those you know and those you don’t know. Spend a few extra minutes going over the flashcards you don’t know yet.

Who said memorizing the times tables had to be boring? There are lots of games and activities that can help make it fun.

For instance, using a deck of cards, you and a friend can play Multiplication War . Here’s how you play:

• Each player is given exactly half the deck of cards, face-down.
• Each player draws the top card from their respective piles and places it face-up.
• The first player to multiply the amounts shown on each player’s card wins that round and takes both cards.
• The player with the most cards at the end wins the game!

Catchy multiplication songs are a great way to get some of those facts to stick in your brain. Since everyone’s learning style is different, some people may be able to memorize faster with music. If you’re feeling extra creative, you can even write a multiplication song of your own!

Quiz yourself

Once you feel like you’re getting the hang of memorizing the times tables, it’s time to test your knowledge. Quiz yourself regularly, but don’t overdo it. If you want, ask a friend or an adult to help you with this. Remember to be patient with yourself.

Learning the multiplication tables is a process. The best way to commit them to memory is to review, repeat, and reinforce over time. Quizzing yourself (or having someone help you) for a few minutes each day will go a long way.    

Multiplication tips

Multiplying by zero.

Any number multiplied by 0 results in a product of 0. This concept is called the Zero Product Property . Since 0 times any number is always 0, you don’t even have to worry about memorizing this times table.

Multiplying by 1

Any number multiplied by 1 results in that number itself. For instance, \(7 \times 1=7\), \(9 \times 1=9\), and \(11 \times 1=11\). This concept is called the Identity Property .

Multiplying by 2

Multiplying a number by 2 is simply doubling the number given, or adding that number to itself. For example, \(2 \times 9\) means 2 sets of 9, or \(9+9\). Since \(9+9=18\), \(2 \times 9\) is also 18. Once you recognize this pattern, this row on the times table chart becomes very easy to memorize.

Multiplying by 5

Most people recognize the pattern for the 5s times table, which is 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, etc. Each product ends in either a 0 or a 5.

Multiplying by 9

Even though they look tricky at first, the 9s times table also follows a pattern. For the products of 1 through 10, the number in the ones place goes down, and the number in the tens place goes up: 9 , 1 8 , 2 7 , 3 6 , 4 5 , 5 4 , 6 3 , 7 2 , 8 1 , 9 0 .

Multiplying by 10

When multiplying any number by 10, add a 0 after that number to find the product. For instance, \(2×10=20\), since 2 with a 0 after it makes 20. Likewise, \(11×10=110\), because 11 with a 0 after it makes 110.

Multiplying by 11

There’s also a pattern in the 11s times table. When multiplying any number 1 through 9 by 11, repeat the digit two times. For example, \(6×11=66\). The product, 66, shows the number 6 repeated two times. Similarly, \(8×11=88\), and 88 shows the number 8 repeated twice.    

Why should you use a multiplication table?

A times table chart can help you quickly calculate the solution to a multiplication problem. It’s also a great study tool to aid with memorizing multiplication facts.    

How to use a multiplication table

Let’s consider an example together. Here’s an 8×8 table to help us out:

Say you need to multiply \(8 \times 7\). Start by finding the first factor, 8, in the top row going across. Next, find the second factor, 7, in the column on the left side of the times table chart. Follow the 8s column down to where it is in line with the 7s row going across. Trace these areas of the times table chart with your fingers if that helps. Since the column for 8 and the row for 7 meet at 56, the product of \(8 \times 7\) is 56.

Another way to use a multiplication chart is as a study tool to help you memorize all the times tables. When studying, focus on one row or column of the chart at a time. Once you’ve mastered one times table, move on to another one. Before you know it, you’ll have the entire chart committed to memory.

Learning about and memorizing all the multiplication tables can be challenging, but there are many strategies to help you out. Remember that this process takes practice and time. Give yourself a few minutes each day to work on it, and you’ll be a multiplication whiz before you know it.  

Frequently Asked Questions

What age should a child learn multiplication tables.

It is common for children to learn their multiplication tables starting at around age 9 , but multiplication as a concept will often be taught at an earlier age via the method of “skip counting.” For example, students will be taught to “count by 5s” all the way to 100, which is effectively asking them to multiply by 5.

What grade do you learn multiplication?

Multiplication is generally learned by children in either 2nd or 3rd grade in the US. In earlier years, students grasp the ideas of addition and subtraction, which will be their foundation for learning multiplication and division later on.

How do I teach my child multiplication tables?

There are many different effective methods by which a child can learn multiplication tables. One method involves grouping manipulatives (rocks, buttons, apples, etc.) into different groups and counting how many groups there are, as well as how many individual items there are. For example, to illustrate 4 times 3, you would make 4 groups with 3 buttons in each group. The student would then count the individual buttons to see that 4 times 3 is 12. Other effective methods include using flashcards and utilizing the commutative property .

How many multiplication facts are there?

A multiplication fact is simply the answer to a multiplication problem. Since we’re dealing with numbers here, there are technically an infinite number of multiplication facts. Generally, students will be dealing with 144 facts , which is how many facts appear on a 12×12 times table.

How do you memorize multiplication facts?

Daily study of multiplication charts and flashcards is a great way to memorize multiplication facts. Other methods of memorization include using multiplication songs, timing yourself taking practice tests, and recruiting a friend that you can practice reciting multiplication facts to. Learning the commutative property can also be a huge help; once you know that 5 times 9 is the same as 9 times 5, the amount of memorization that needs to be done is immediately cut in half!

What is the rule for multiplication?

There are several different “rules” for multiplication that are important to keep in mind:

• Any number times zero is always zero.
• Any number times 1 is always the same number.
• The order of factors does not affect the product.
• Products are always positive when multiplying numbers with the same signs.
• Products are always negative when multiplying numbers with different signs.

What is related multiplication?

Related multiplication and division facts are a great way for students to grasp the connections between multiplication and division . An example would be the equation 3×2=6. You can take all three of the numbers in this equation to create a related division problem: 6÷2=3. In this way, you can see that multiplication by 2 is related to division by 2.

What is a multiplication fact family?

A multiplication fact is simply the product of two specific numbers . A multiplication fact family is any group of facts that are created using the same three numbers. Multiplication fact families are almost always associated with their inverse division fact families. For example, the numbers 3, 8, and 24 create a fact family of the following four equations: 3×8=24, 8×3=24, 24÷8=3, 24÷3=8.

How do you use the multiplication rule?

The multiplication rule is used to find the probability of two events occurring, also known as the “intersection” of two different events. To find the intersection of two events, simply multiply the two probabilities together . Independent events are not affected by a previous event and do not affect future events. A dependent event influences the outcome of future events and can be influenced by previous events.

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Teaching Multiplication Virtually? Try these helpful and easy ideas!

If you’re teaching multiplication virtually let me show you how with physical manipulatives, a document camera, and virtual manipulatives.

Teaching the concept of multiplication has always been a highlight of the year while teaching third grade. The move from additive reasoning to a new kind of mathematical reasoning (multiplicative reasoning) is exciting to watch grow. Teaching multiplication virtually puts a lot of pressure on the teacher to successfully develop this concept in her students !

But I hope that this post can show you how to develop the concept of multiplication and mathematical reasoning in your students while using the same successful techniques of in-person teaching applied to a virtual setting. The most important point to remember is to make the math visual!

Teaching Multiplication Virtually – First Things First

To teach multiplication virtually, we must first understand what multiplication is. Most teachers will quickly connect repeated addition to multiplication facts (3 x 4 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3). Even second graders learn to “use addition to find the total number of objects arranged in a rectangular array.” (CCSS, 2.OA.C.4). In reality, you are showing a different way to write the expression 3 x 4 by using a different operation. Multiplication is not repeated addition .

What! The idea of multiplication as repeated addition does not hold up with multiplying one fraction to another, so we should not mislead our students.

Instead, think of multiplication as scaling. You can scale up (multiplying integers) or scale down (multiplying fractions). And this is the essence of multiplicative reasoning – understanding proportional situations. We’re going to use this notion of scaling and proportion to teach multiplication virtually!

Teaching Multiplication Virtually – Which Methods?

In a previous post, I described the three best hands-on and visual ways to teach multiplication. Those same three methods can and should be used virtually— equal groups, arrays, and number lines . These ways of visually modeling multiplication align closely with the idea of scaling numbers. Remember, make the math visual!

To teach multiplication virtually, start math instruction with a context – preferably a real-world, relatable context for your students.

Here’s a relatable situation for elementary students. My favorite video game to play is Fortnite. But my parents will only let me play 12 hours max for the week. If I play more than that, they’ll take it away! So, I played Fortnite 3 hours a day for 4 days. Did I reach the max? Did I go over? Do I have any time left?

If teaching in person, I would normally have students use beans and cups to visualize what is happening in the problem. To teach multiplication virtually, I would now use Zoom (or Google Meets) and a document camera. My district has a district license for Zoom and issued me an Ipevo document camera. I use the Ipevo software called Visualizer . It’s available for free for Mac, PC, iOS, and Android. Use any other free document camera Apps and software available.

What Materials will the Students Need?

Before the lesson, I would ask students to gather objects to be used as manipulatives. These could be beans, buttons, pennies, small macaroni, etc. They need to be uniform in size and shape. Anywhere from 50 to 100 of these should be fine. I would also suggest they gather at least 10 small styrofoam cups, plastic cups, or Dixie-type cups.

For students who cannot gather the materials, I’ve put together a Make Multiplication Visual printable PDF that includes cups and squares that students can use in place of the real thing. The PDFs need to be printed on cardstock or regular paper and cut out. Sign up for my newsletter and get the Make Multiplication Visual printable PDF for FREE!

If the student can not gather the physical objects or print and cut out the PDF’s printables, then your best bet is for the student to use blank paper to draw circles and dots (or stars). My preference is for using real objects. Physically counting, moving, or sorting objects helps with making sense of the math, whether in person or teaching multiplication virtually.

Making Equal Groups

Please start with the context like the one previously shared while having students discuss what they think about the situation.

• Is it a fair arrangement?
• Will the number of allowed hours be exceeded? How do you know?
• How can I use beans and cups to visually show how much time I spent playing video games for one day?

I can share my screen on Zoom using the Visualizer App on my laptop in concert with the document camera. Remember, make math visual!

• On the document camera, put one cup to show one day of playing video games. By the way, I use a felt background, so beans or other objects don’t roll away!
• Then, in the cup, put 3 beans, counting each as an hour played that day.
• Now ask: If I did the same thing on the second day, how would I show that?
• Most students will say , you put another cup and 3 more beans.
• Add the second, third, and fourth cups in the same way as before

The key question to ask is how do the 2 (or 3 or 4) cups compare ? You hope to hear language such as you’ve doubled it, you have twice as much, there are 2 times as many, etc. This type of vocabulary describes multiplicative thinking. If your students don’t suggest these terms, then definitely bring them up and discuss why they are appropriate.

You might also have a student say you ADDED another 3 beans, which is mathematically correct. If I added another 3 beans, etc., I could say I’m increasing each sum by 3. But this is additive reasoning .

We want to move the students to multiplicative reasoning . So when a student says you added another group, you could redirect with another way to say it: I doubled the amount, tripled the amount, or I now have four times the amount. We use these terms because each group has the same quantity or value.

Using terms such as doubling, tripling, 4 or 5 or 6 times as much, you are now scaling numbers, not adding them. Later, when students start to multiply fractions, they will see scaling go in the opposite direction because the product will be smaller in value than the factors.

Using the Same 12 Beans – BUT with a New Context

In the previous example of teaching multiplication virtually, I used factors 3 and 4 to make 12. But are those the only factors that make 12? Nope. You can also multiply 6 and 2 or 12 and 1.

The next step is to ask students to figure out another way to play the 12 hours of game time, with the criteria you have to play the same number of hours daily. What’s another way to reach 12 hours of total video game time if I played the same hours daily?

Let students use their cups and beans to determine how to equally distribute those 12 hours. Remember the Commutative Property of Multiplication will apply as you will have one student show 2 days with 6 hours each and another 6 days with 2 hours each. More on this property when we introduce arrays!

Once students understand how to distribute a set number of beans equally, you can start giving them some practice in which they have to represent the following situations with the beans and cups. Offer several practice problems for each situation using a variety of factors.

• How much is 2 groups of 5?
• I have 3 beans. What is 6 times as many?
• I have 5 beans. What is twice (or triple) the amount?

In another lesson, you can introduce the academic vocabulary of factors, product, multiple, etc. When you feel certain students are grasping the concept of multiplication using equal groups, start introducing the expressions to match the situations.

Moving on to Arrays to Teach Multiplication Virtually

In the physical classroom, I took out 24 tiles (we had foam tiles as part of our math manipulative kits). I asked my students how to make counting more efficient in finding the total. They suggested grouping by a certain quantity to make groups that could be skipped counted. But I pointed out it’s hard to know if all my groups are equal by looking at them. One student suggested putting the tiles in a row. Bingo! Students started making rows to begin constructing arrays.

When they finished, I asked how they knew each group was equal. The response usually is each ROW or COLUMN is equal because the tiles match up to other rows or columns. I explained that mathematicians find ways to do math more efficiently, meaning with fewer steps . So now I formally introduce the concept of arrays. I make sure the students understand the difference between rows and columns.

I have them practice making arrays using tiles, paper squares, or even beans (or whatever manipulative they have). Remember, make the math visual! We examine how arrays look, matching rows and columns to factors. Someone eventually discovers or declares 3 x 4 is the same as 4 x 3. Another Bingo!

By the way, showing everyday objects in an array makes an effective number talk! How did you see the ______? This will reinforce the concept of rows and columns. You can search Google Image for pictures of everyday objects arranged in an array. Put the images in a Google Slides™ to screen share in Zoom. Show the image for 3 – 5 seconds. Then, have students say how many they saw and how they saw the objects.

The Commutative Property of Multiplication

Even if you are teaching multiplication virtually, this important property of multiplication needs to be taught. If you are using tiles or paper squares, use it to teach multiplication as an area model. You can also use graph paper . Students can make a 3 x 4 array on graph paper and a 4 x 3 array. Then cut each out and stack one atop the other to prove the Commutative Property does work!

I’ve also included possible pre-made arrays in the Make Multiplication Visual printable PDF. You can make your arrays using the PowerPoint or Google Slides table function.™ Cut them out and display them under the document camera. Rotate an array to show how the factors may change order, but the product or area remains the same.

You can share a real-life context by considering a bed’s placement in a bedroom. A bed is usually rectangular in shape. You can move or rotate this rectangular shape, but your bed remains the same size.

In my Teachers Pay Teachers store , I also have many resources that I use every year to teach all the properties of multiplication. Many easily adapt to virtual teaching situations, such as animated PowerPoints and posters.

Multiplication and Number Lines – a Length Model

I remember the first time I tried teaching multiplication with number lines. It was a hot mess. Why? At the time, I didn’t understand completely how it related to multiplication. Arrays represent an area model of multiplication (as well as fractions), but a number line represents a distance or interval from one number to another.

One way to transition to number lines is to use tiles or paper squares. For example, with 3 x 4, I can lay out 3 tiles in a row. The factor of 4 means I have to create another row which is 4 times as long. It’s reminiscent of a bar model, but you’re visually seeing a length model for multiplication . Remember, make math visual!

If I walk 3 miles daily, how many will I walk in 4 days? That’s 4 times the distance. When using number lines, it’s more effective to use contexts which involve measurement. I used 3 cups of flour to make a dozen cookies. If I make 4 dozen cookies, how much flour will I need?

The number line you use can be open or marked with intervals. Start with the marked interval number lines since this will help students see the scale of the jump or distance between intervals.

Start with a context such as the ones above.

• Mark the distance from zero to the first factor using a colored pencil or marker (let’s say we use 3 x 4).
• Mark a dot on the 3 on the number line.
• Then, color in the distance from zero to 3.
• Then, use a different color to show how much 4 times as many would be. If I walked 3 miles in one day, how can I show 4 days or 4 times as much?
• Start at zero and mark 3 miles each time on 3, 6, 9, and 12.
• Then, draw a line from zero to 12. Now you can see how 3 x 4 is 4 times the length of 3.

The intervals of 0 -3, 3 – 6, 6 – 9, 9 – 12 are usually referred to as jumps. They’re usually drawn as an arc from one number to the next. I have used this method, as well. However, I have found it to be sometimes confusing for some kids. Starting with a length model by drawing a straight color line seems to be less confusing. But you can use both methods.

Eventually, you’ll want to move your students to an open number line. Open number lines help students understand equal jumps or scaling since they will determine the length between each jump – and they should be equal jumps or lengths!

Using Virtual Manipulatives to Teach Multiplication Virtually

Using virtual manipulatives to teach multiplication can be a little tricky. With too many movable pieces or having to add individual pieces, instructional time can be compromised. Building equal groups, arrays, or working on a number line can require additional time. Below I have listed some of the best virtual manipulatives for teaching multiplication virtually (without losing instructional time!).

You can use the same methods (equal groups, arrays, and number lines) with the following virtual manipulative sites. Please note some require Flash to run . According to Adobe®, Flash will be discontinued on December 31, 2020. It will still run, but there will be no additional updates. So some sites requiring Flash may no longer work. Test each site before using it to make sure it is compatible with your device.

iTools by Houghton Miflin

This virtual manipulative site runs on Flash but has some of the best math tools to show multiplication visually. Using their virtual counters, the tool can form equal groups. It visually shows the equal groups as well as the standard notation.

You can also use the counting tool to make arrays. However, there is not an annotation tool unless you use the annotation tools in Zoom.

One of the best tools available on iTools is the number line. Using it for multiplication, the tool animates the jumps on the number line!

mathlearningcenter.org

This virtual manipulative site has a spate of handy virtual tools. Their Number Line App (web-based or iOS and Android) works well to show multiplication as a length model. You can use the built-in annotation tools to draw the lengths as well as write the expression.

The Base-Ten Blocks App can be used to create arrays (make one row, select each cube, then use the duplicate function at the bottom in the tool ribbon). You can use the annotation tool to write expressions or even prompts.

One of the most powerful features of many of the Apps on The Math Learning Center site is the ability to share whatever you create with your students. Create an array, write a prompt, then share it with your students.

mathsbot.com

This site has a large selection of math tools. One particular tool is Multiplication Areas , which allows you to visually build an area model (arrays). No annotation tool is available, but it can be used to show the Commutative Property.

Another Mathsbot tool is the Scaled Times Tables . This tool visually shows the area in a configuration similar to a multiplication chart. Because the values are scaled, it is a powerful tool to prompt discussions about multiplication.

PhET Simulations

PhEt Simulations is well known for science-based simulations. But did you also know they have many math simulations as well? One in particular is effective for showing the area model. Build arrays in any configuration with any multiplication expression.

Unfortunately, there are no annotation tools built into this tool.

NCTM Interactives

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics is a premier resource for math educators. Available for free is the NCTM Interactives . One particular interactive is Bunny Times Interactive . It uses visual models to build a conceptual understanding of multiplication. Use it as a teaching tool or assign it as a game.

Teaching Multiplication Virtually – Final Thoughts

If you teach equal groups, arrays, and number lines to your students, will they see that these representations are connected? It’s important to connect these visual representations one to the other so they understand multiplication can be represented in many ways. Remember, make the math visual!

One way to do it is to provide students with a problem to solve. Have them share how they solved it through drawings, Google Slides, screenshots, etc. Then put together a slideshow with different ways students solved the same problem. Then ask students to compare the different ways students solved the problem. What’s the same? What’s different ?

Teaching Multiplication Virtually – Some More Resources

Over the years, I have created resources for teaching multiplication – from concept to practice. Below I’ve highlighted some resources which lend themselves well to distance learning situations.

Teaching the Concept of Multiplication PowerPoint is a fully animated and interactive PowerPoint which can be screen shared with students over Zoom or Google Meet. It shows a visual representation of multiplication through equal groups, arrays, and number lines.

Properties of Multiplication PowerPoint is a fully animated and interactive PowerPoint which can be screen shared with students over Zoom or Google Meet. It covers the Zero Property, Identity Property, Commutative Property, and Associative Property of Multiplication.

Distributive Property of Multiplication PowerPoint is a fully animated and interactive PowerPoint which can be screen shared with students over Zoom or Google Meet. Students will learn how to split arrays, write a distributive property sentence, and solve.

Distributive Property of Multiplication Practice on Google Slides ™ is an interactive digital notebook with 26 slides which includes practice problems at a depth of knowledge levels 1 to 3.

Multiplication Practice Pumpkin Patch Game is a self-paced and self-checking Google Slides™ game which helps students practice with equal groups, arrays, and number lines. The game includes 25 problems.

Sign up to Get the FREE Make Multiplication Visual printable PDF!

When you sign up for my newsletter I’ll send you a link to download a PDF containing the following:

• 100 grid of squares
• arrays for 12, 16, 18, 20 and 24
• multiplication chart
• number lines

Since it’s a PDF, you can send it to students through email or post it in Google Classroom (or other LMS). Students can print the pages at home. You can also print it out and copy it to put together packets for students to pick up.

Remember, make the math visual!

What are your ideas for teaching multiplication virtually?

Share them in the comments!

• Read more about: Distance Learning , Math , multiplication , Uncategorized

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Teaching Trove

Making learning fun

A Multiplication Fact Fluency Homework Idea

Blog , Mathematics

If you’re a third grade teacher you’d know that learning the multiplication facts is a massive part of the third grade math curriculum. But it’s not the only part. And with only so many hours in the day to practice new math concepts, it makes sense for students to do some of that consolidation at home.

An important part of learning multiplication is learning the thinking strategies that will help find the answer to unknown facts. If a student doesn’t know these, completing a page of facts at school or at home can become an ardous task. When math homework is hard, students stop being engaged, calculators come out and a page of facts is completed with little thought.

Or it’s not completed at all.

Homework just becomes part of a stressful afternoon routine for both the child and parent.

The Importance of Multiplication Strategies

To become fact fluent in multiplication, students need to know thinking strategies. These strategies help them find the answer to unknown facts.

Research shows us that students who can apply the strategies are more successful in mastering their multiplication facts.

Sadly when a child doesn’t know their facts they will label themselves as bad at math, regardless of how well they master other areas.

Knowing how to multiply one digit numbers is important to a child’s concept of their math ability.

Multiplication Homework Games

To learn a strategy, students need to practice it.

To help your students, these homework games have been designed to remind them of the thinking strategies they need to know to make learning their multiplication facts easy.

Like my addition strategy homework games , the left-hand side of each multiplication game has a thinking strategy to prompt the child, as well as answers to each multiplication fact for that number fact.

Before the child starts the game, this side of the game is folded over. When the child lands on a multiplication fact they must write it down and answer it – perfect for accountability. You’ll know they’ve done their homework because they will have written down twenty multiplication facts during the game. In fact, the game doesn’t end until all twenty facts are recorded.

If kids don’t know the answer to the multiplication fact they can open up the flap. Once they quickly ‘sneak a peek’ and read the strategy or find the fact, they can record the answer.

Games make Learning Fun

My parents love mulitplication homework games because it gives them the math language that we use in class. It also provides them with the strategy needed to help their child work out the answer. My kids love them because it’s a game.

You don’t need to worry about sending home dice either, kids move according to a coin toss.

Don’t think that they are just for homework, teachers have used them for their sub tubs, in math centers, and for early finishers too!

You can grab a pack from the link in the picture below.

If you would prefer to purchase from our store on Teachers Pay Teachers, please click this link .

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Multiplication Charts (PDF): Free Printable Times Tables Free printable multiplication charts (times tables) available in PDF format. Use these colorful multiplication tables to help your child build confidence while mastering the multiplication facts. For more ideas see printable paper and math drills and math problems generator . Download your free printable multiplication chart by selecting either “PDF format” or “PNG format”. You can also change the colors by selecting “Edit / Save”. See notes below. Free Printable Multiplication Charts (PDF) – Times Tables 1-12

• 1. Multiplication chart (1-12).
• ○ PDF format
• ○ PNG format

• 2. Multiplication chart (1-12). Diagonal highlighted.

• 3. Times table chart (12×12).

• 4. Times table chart (12×12). Blank.

• 5. Multiplication chart (12 x 12). Landscape orientation.

• 6. Multiplication chart (12 x 12). Landscape orientation. Missing answers.

• 7. Printable multiplication table (1-12).

• 8. Printable multiplication table (1-12). Blank.

• 9. Free multiplication chart (1-12). Portrait orientation.

• 10. Free multiplication chart (1-12). Portrait orientation. Blank.

Free Printable Times Tables (PDF): Multiplication Charts 1-10

• 11. Multiplication chart (1-10). Landscape orientation.

• 12. Multiplication worksheet (1-10). Landscape orientation. Missing answers.

• 13. Multiplication table (10 x 10).

• 14. Multiplication table (10 x 10). Blank.

• 15. Times table chart (1-10).

• 16. Times table chart (1-10). Blank.

NOTE: You can specify new colors for your multiplication chart or times table chart by pressing the “Edit / Save” button. After selecting new colors, specify the height as “3000 pixels” to ensure high resolution and to make sure your table or chart fits on the entire piece of paper.

Multiplication charts and tables can be invaluable tools when kids are learning their multiplication facts. Use these free multiplication chart PDFs at home or at school. Simply click on the chart or table you want, then download and print. You can then hang your chart on a wall or laminate the chart for durability. You can also print one of these multiplication tables and slip it in a page protector and then add it to your child’s homeschool binder. This makes it easy to find and use when they are working on math problems. Great for 2nd grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, 5th grade, and 6th grade classes.

More FREE Printable Paper, Math Charts, Worksheets, etc.