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Lesson Plan: Grade 12 - Civil Resistance in South Africa 1970s to 1980s
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Grade 12 - Topic 3 - Civil Society protests 1950s to 1990s
Topic 3: Civil society protests 1950s to 1970s
Online Resource:
http://learn.mindset.co.za/resources/history/grade-12/civil-society-protests-1950s-1970s [Accessed 25 February 2015]
The above video resource provides useful hints / study tips before embarking on grade 12 History.
Before we begin, and to clear any confusion, we must understand what the term ‘civil society’ means.
“ community of citizens linked by common interests and collective activity .”
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/civil-society [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
What forms of civil society protest emerged from the 1960s to 1990?
Background and focus
The Second World War had been fought to attain democracy but it did not deliver lasting peace or a better society.
After the war:
women in growing economies were beginning to do paid work outside the home,
youth were more critical of their parents ‘generation and increasingly became aware of injustices, racism and human rights violations;
a counter culture started to emerge.
The section on women’s identity in South Africa is closely linked with the study of Apartheid in Grade 11 (Topic 5). In this section, learners should analyse the civic action taken in the context of the overall theme of this topic.
The following is to be covered in this topic:
Introduction: Overview of civil society protests
”Women’s liberation and feminist movements in the 1960s and 1970s: a middle class movement in industrialised countries;
http://womenshistory.about.com/od/feminism-second-wave/a/Womens-Liberation.htm [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
”Women’s identity in South Africa from the 1950s to 1970s – black women see themselves first as black, and white women see themselves first as white; trade unionism, women workers, their economic role in the rural areas and in the informal sector; as political anti-pass campaigners, initiatives taken within the liberation struggle, including the middle class Black Sash;
http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/turbulent-1950s-women-defiant-activists [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Women and the anti-pass campaign
The Defiance Campaign is launched and women step forward
The Federation of South African Women ( FSAW or FEDSAW)
Women’s role in the Congress of the Party and the Freedom Charter
The women’s 1955 anti-pass campaign
Preparations for the 1956 Women’s March
Source: http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-sash [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
“The Black Sash was formed in 1955 and it began as a tea party of six women, Jean Sinclair, Ruth Foley, Elizabeth McLaren, Tertia Pybus, Jean Bosazza and Helen Newton-Thompson. The women were opposed to the Senate Bill which asked for a two thirds majority of both houses of parliament to remove people described as 'coloured' from the common voters’ role. The organisation grew into an avenue for liberal women to oppose government policies by means of marches, convoys, demonstrations and vigils. This was the founding of the Women’s Defence of the Constitution, the symbol of the organisation, a constitution draped in a black sash, showed their mourning of the constitution. The media soon nicknamed the organisation the “Black Sash” referring to the black sashes that members draped over their right shoulder during protest demonstrations.”
Source: http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-sash [Accessed 25 February 2015]
”the peace movements: disarmament; students and anti-war movements; and
Online Resources:
https://www.marxists.org/glossary/events/p/e.htm [Accessed 25 February 2015]
http://learn.mindset.co.za/resources/history/grade-12/civil-society-protests-1950s-1970s/learn-xtra-exam-revision-2013/civil-society-protests [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Civil rights movements.
Case Study : the US Civil Rights Movement
Source: http://rapaulsen.iweb.bsu.edu/images/large/civilrights.jpg [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
This section includes:
Reasons and origins of the Civil Rights Movement in the USA (background information only);
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_causes_of_the_civil_right_movements[Accessed [25 February 2015]
http://www.english-online.at/history/civil-rights-movement/civil-rights-movement-history-and-causes.htm [25 February 2015]
http://www.isreview.org/issues/45/civilrights.shtml [25 February 2015]
The role, impact and influence of Martin Luther King Junior; and the influence of passive resistance (Gandhi) on MartinLuther King;
Gandhi ...influencing Martin Luther King Junior
http://www.michaellewin.org/articles/gandhi/martin-luther-king-jnr/ [25 February 2015]
http://peacemagazine.org/archive/v17n2p21.htm [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Forms of protest through civil disobedience: Montgomery bus boycott, sit-ins, marches including to Lincoln Memorial,
Source : http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/cincinnati_flyer_march_on_washington.jpg [Accessed 25 February 2015]
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/20/civil-disobedience-sanchez-gordillo [Accessed 25 February 2015]
Montgomery Boycott
http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/overview/ [Accessed 25 February 2015]
http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/ [Accessed 25 February 2015]
www.criticalpast.com/.../65675022808_Historical-o . [Accessed 25 February 2015]
Birmingham campaign and Selma-Montgomery marches;
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejKhuRZlRQE [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
www.history.com/topics/.../selma-ontgomery-mar ... [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
School desegregation: case study (Little Rock, Arkansas); and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qk1tTCk2Kks [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Short-term and long-term gains.
Case Study: the Black Power Movement
Source : http://s3.amazonaws.com/rapgenius/312a_43.jpg [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Reasons for the movement;
www.teachertube.com/.../roots-of-the-black-power-o .. [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Black Panther
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/black_panthers.htm [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Roles of Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X; and
1. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/stokely-carmichael [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
2. http://www.biography.com/people/malcolm-x-9396195 [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
3. http://www.malcolmx.com/ [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Source: http://ionenewsone.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/malcolm-x-1.jpg [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Overview of the progress, if any, that was made towards equality and civil rights by the civil rights and Black Power movements.
While African-American members of the US population have made great strides, recent events in the USA have suggested that unhealthy tension (violent) still exists in the USA today.
It would be useful for educators to divide students into groups to debate this topic. Instead of using such a general approach, perhaps categorise the advancement of people of colour in the USA in different spheres of private and public life.
Constructive debate should be encouraged, as well as a safe environment for learners to ventilate their views, in a respectful manner. This topic is particularly relevant for South Africa. If History is meant to teach us about the further, then we need to pay attention to it.
Exam preparation
http://learn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show-note-asset/899_fdoc.pdf [ Accessed 25 February 2015]
Collections in the Archives
Know something about this topic.
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Internal Resistance in South Africa: The Political Movements
Cite this chapter.
- Kumi Naidoo
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The resistance movements in South Africa have shown an increased maturity in recent years, and this has found an echo in a corresponding maturity in the modification of the apartheid system itself. The contention here is that most of the ‘reforms’ brought about by the South African government have, in one way or another, been primarily provoked by resistance activity. The tricameral parliament and the newly proclaimed National Statutory Council (NSC) — the major components of the new dispensation at a national level — reflect the state’s increasingly ‘sophisticated’ responses in attempting to contain the emergent wave of resistance.
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M. Meredith, ‘The Black Opposition’, in Jesmond Blumenfeld (ed.), South Africa in Crisis (London: Croom Helm, 1987), pp. 77–89.
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M. Sutcliffe, ‘The Crisis in South Africa: Material Conditions and the Reformist Response’, in Geoforum , vol. 17, no. 2, 1986, pp. 141–59.
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See N. Haysom, Apartheid’s Private Army: The rise of right-wing vigilantes in South Africa (London: Catholic Institute of International Relations, 1986).
G. Leach, South Africa: No Easy Path To Peace (London: Methuen, 1986), pp. 207–9.
M. Murray, South Africa: Time of Agony, Time of Destiny. The Upsurge of Popular Protest (London: Verso, 1987), p. 423.
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© 1988 David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies
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Naidoo, K. (1988). Internal Resistance in South Africa: The Political Movements. In: Johnson, S. (eds) South Africa: No Turning Back. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19499-5_5
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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19499-5_5
Publisher Name : Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN : 978-0-333-47096-1
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IMAGES
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Grade 12 - Civil Resistance in South Africa 1970s to 1980. What was the nature of the civil society resistance after the 1960s? During the 1960s and the 1980s South Africa was ruled by the National Party. The NP government imposed the apartheid system and could only be voted for by white people. The apartheid system was greatly criticised by ...
Current: Civil resistance in South Africa, 1970s to 1980sContext: The activities are designed to introduce learners without (and even those with) access to additional history ma. erials to civil resistance in the apartheid era. This includes the growing power of the trade union movement, various responses to Botha's "reforms", the ECC and ...
NON-VIOLENT PROTEST IN THE 1950s. "Open the jail doors, we want to enter!": The Defiance Campaign. Repressive government legislation and actions. "The People shall govern": The Freedom Charter. The Treason Trial. "Strijdom, you have struck a rock!": Women's resistance.
Search for eResources by keyword. Lesson Plan: Grade 12 - Civil Resistance in South Africa 1970s to 1980s. Free. By. City of Cape Town. Download. Type: pdf. Size:
These slides give all the illustrations from Topic 4 of the Gr 12 History book, and they give them in colour whenever possible. illustrations in the book. The illustrations in the slides are ordered so that a teacher can follow a logical lecture format. The illustrations in the book are ordered to make an effective page layout, and often also ...
the 1960s. It is an opportunity for South African learners to see themselves as part of Africa-wide struggles. The cycle of repression and resistance It is important to stress that the South African government responded to every attempt to oppose the system of segregation/apartheid with increasing repression and violence. Prior to the 1950s, South
TANCE IN SOUTH AFRICAChecklist. Make sure: Know the structure of the paper. Understand of the concepts related to the theme. Apply the skills to analyse different types of sources. Able to construct to construct a coherent argument related to the topic. IVIL RESISTANCE IN SOUTH AFRICAFLOW CHART1960 - The National Party dominated the government ...
CIVIL RESISTANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA IN THE 1980s ! PROBLEMS FACED BY P.W BOTHA in 1980 • Internal unrest generated by protest groups, civil disobedience and township insurrection. • Attacks by MK guerrilla soldiers from bases in other countries •! Isolation and economic decline as sanctions imposed on country.
decolonisation in the sub-continent. The ANC is Africa's oldest liberation movement; after the decolonisation of Namibia South Africa remains the last bastion of white minority rule. A study focusing on the latest episode of resistance -the 1984-1986 revolt- hopefully can contribute something towards a better understanding of both phenomer na.
The iconic struggle between the apartheid regime of South Africa and those who resisted it illustrates the complexity of some cases of civil resistance. Originally the use of civil resistance against apartheid was based on Gandhian ideas, which originated in South Africa in 1906 where Gandhi was a lawyer working for an Indian trading firm.
Reforms provided renewed impetus for the resistance movements, and the 1980s was a decade which became a turning point in South African history. Popular protest by masses of ordinary South Africans against the apartheid regime reached its height in the 1980s, and the government responded with extreme brutality and repression.
The section on women's identity in South Africa is closely linked with the study of Apartheid in Grade 11 (Topic 5). In this section, learners should analyse the civic action taken in the context of the overall theme of this topic. The following is to be covered in this topic: Introduction: Overview of civil society protests
The protest, initially focused on high rents and other 'bread and butter' grievances, quickly developed into a wide-ranging uprising which prompted the imposition of a selective State of Emergency in July 1985.9 There was a clear shift in the nature, quality and content of internal resistance from 1984 onwards.
The iconic struggle between the apartheid regime of South Af rica and those who resisted it. illustrates the complexity of some cases of civil resistance. Originally the use of civil resistance ...
QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA BCM UNIVERSAL ESSAY 2023. The Black Consciousness Movement successfully used its aims and ideas of self-reliance to challenging the apartheid system in South Africa in the 1970s. Do you agree with this statement? Support your line of argument with relevant historical evidence [50]
Civil Resistance in South Africa (Live) Grade 12 | Learn Xtra Exam Revision 2014. Latest News. Big School. Late Night Studies. THE IMMORTALS. View All . Contact Info. 011 438 5700. [email protected]. [email protected]. Cnr. Dover Road and Pretoria Avenue, Randburg, South Africa.
SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Your essay should be about THREE pages long. QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE CRISIS OF SOUTH AFRICA IN THE 1980s Explain to what extent boycotts, disinvestments and sanctions by the international anti-
This paper investigates the intensification of the scope of migrant theology by forced removals in the 1960s and 1970s in South Africa. Forced removals in South Africa were carried out by the ...
CIVIL RESITANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA 1970s - 1980s. The wide ranging internal and resistance to Apartheid in South Africa during the 1970s and. the 1980s. A prominent figure of the resistance was Steve Biko. At the time international. Anti-Apartheid movements put pressure on the government to implement reforms. APARTHEID BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS.
Civil Resistance in South Africa. History. Grade 12. Civil Resistance in South Africa 1970s to 1980. Learn Xtra Exam Revision 2014. Civil Resistance in South Africa. In this Exam Revision lesson we take a close look at Gr 12 History questions and answers relating to Civil Resistance in South Africa. Download the Note.
Women, Activism, and Apartheid South Africa: Using Play Texts to Document the Herstory of South Africa (2018) and Hassim's books Women's Organizations and Democracy in South Africa (2006) and The ANC Women's League: Sex, Gender, and Politics (2014) have been monumental in expanding the field of study on South African women.
29. M. Gunther, 'The National Committee of Liberation (NCL)/African Resistance Movement (ARM)', in SADET, The Road to Democracy, vol. 1, 249.Baruch Hirson, a physicist at the University of the Witwatersrand who had been among the authors of the SLA's pamphlet 'Ten Years of Stay-at-Home' in 1960, was one of the leaders of the ARM.