should you bring a cover letter to an interview

What should I bring to a job interview? Leave these items and habits at home.

Job interviews are understandably stressful. They can determine whether you get a job , which can create a lot of pressure, especially if you have never had one before.

By preparing and practicing typical interview questions , you can improve the odds of a good interview and landing the gig. Even if you end up with a rejection, a good interview can make a good impression for future opportunities. Preparing is only half the battle, however; you should show up for the interview ready for anything.

If you don't know what to bring to an interview, we have the answers for you.

What to bring to a job interview 

According to Indeed, here are seven things you should bring to a job interview. 

• Copies of your resume: Bring at least five copies in a folder or professional folio so they do not bend and can be easily accessed. 
• Pre-written questions: In case you are asked if you have any questions while in your interview it is good to write down a few beforehand on paper to reference if you need to. 
• A list of references: You may not be asked for references, but you never know what any interviewer will ask so you want to be prepared. References should be people who can speak about your professional abilities. Family members and friends should be left off this list, but former teachers or community leaders can be good options if you do not have prior work experience.
• Directions: You don’t want to get lost before your interview because that may make you late so it is good to bring directions with you. Aim to arrive 10 to 15 minutes early to ensure you are not late.
• A briefcase, bag or portfolio: These can all help to keep your things organized while also making you look put together and professional. Backpacks can sometimes be acceptable, but use your best judgment on what bag to bring based on what you know about the company culture.
• Breath mints or gum: Breath mints and gum can help you feel clean and confident before your interview
• Pen and paper: Taking notes in an interview can be helpful, especially if you want to follow up and thank your interviewers later.

What should you not bring (or do) at a job interview?

An interview can be the deciding factor in whether you get a job. According to Indeed, these are things to avoid when in an interview: 

• Being arrogant
• Avoiding eye contact
• Being too early
• Blaming others for your mistakes 
• Checking the time
• Answering the phone
• Acting or saying you're desperate for the job
• Appearing angry 
• Crossing your arms 
• Using aggressive or defensive language 
• Coming unprepared
• Looking bored

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What to Bring to an Interview: The Ultimate Checklist

• Klara Cervenanska , 
• Updated October 30, 2023 9 min read

Navigating the job market can feel like a maze, and when you finally secure that interview, you might ask yourself, "What to bring to an interview?" 

Whether you're a fresh graduate, a teenager stepping into the professional world, or someone eyeing a shift in career, preparation is key. 

While nailing your responses and being mentally prepped is crucial, the items you bring along can also make a significant impact . 

Wondering what to bring to an interview as a teenager? Or perhaps not sure about the documents you should bring to an internship interview? 

Being clear about what to bring can be the difference between appearing organized and professional versus seeming unprepared. 

So, let's delve into the specifics and help you walk into that interview room with confidence.

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Must-haves checklist

What to bring to an interview as a teenager, what to bring to an internship interview, what documents should you bring to an interview, what not to bring to a job interview, general job interview tips, how to prepare for an online interview, key takeaways: what to bring to an interview.

Every interview, regardless of the job or industry, requires certain staples. These are your non-negotiables, which show you’re both organized and serious about the role.

Here's a checklist of 7 must-have items to bring to an interview:

• Professional folder or portfolio. A consolidated space to keep all your materials. Presents an image of someone methodical and structured.
• Multiple copies of your resume. You might meet multiple interviewers. Handing each a copy not only saves them time but highlights your preparedness. It also helps when referencing specific experiences.
• Professional references. This isn't just a list of names; it's a testament to your professional journey. Ensure you've given your references a heads-up — they might get a call soon. 
• Identification and other documents. Often overlooked, but some companies need these for verification. Whether it's a Driver’s License, Passport, or any other ID, it’s better to be over-prepared than caught off-guard.
• Questions for the interviewer. Crafting a few thoughtful questions saves you from that cringe-worthy silence that usually follows the "Do you have any questions for us?" moment. It shows you've done your homework and genuinely care about the role and company. 
• Pen and notepad. It's more professional than pulling out your phone every few minutes. Plus, it's perfect for quickly scribbling down key names, dates, or those "aha!" insights that pop up during the conversation.
• A watch. Time management speaks volumes. While phones are great, a watch is a more subtle and professional way to keep track of time.

Each of these items not only serves a functional purpose but also crafts a narrative about who you are and how you operate. So the next time you're preparing for an interview , revisit this checklist. 

First off, let's address the elephant in the room. As a teenager, diving into the professional world can be overwhelming. 

Whether it's a summer gig, an exciting internship, or a volunteer opportunity, there’s a first for everything. 

And hey, feeling a bit lost or unsure? Totally normal! We've all been there. 

But being equipped with the right items can be a small yet powerful step in easing those nerves.

Now, onto the golden checklist of what to bring to an interview as a teenager :

• Educational achievements or certificates. Just aced that algebra test or completed a coding course? They shout out your dedication and skills.
• Extracurricular activity evidence. Whether you're the captain of the debate team, part of the school play, or into sports, these activities reflect your teamwork and leadership skills. Photos, certificates, or even newspaper clippings – they all count.
• Part-time job or volunteering experience. Even if it was just helping at your local library or a stint at the ice cream parlor, it gives a sneak-peek into your work ethic and responsibility levels.
• How often do we get paid? Weekly, monthly?
• Who's the person to go to if I have questions? 
• What are your expectations from me in the first few days?
• I'm not 18 yet – do you need my parents to sign any paperwork? 
• Your first resume. Even if it’s brief, it matters. No stress if you're unsure how to start or what to include! Online resume builders can help you whip up a pro-looking one in no time.

With this checklist in hand and a sprinkle of self-belief, you're all set to ace that interview. Go on and show them what you've got!

Internships are not the same as regular jobs. They're your sneak peek into the "real world" but without the full commitment of a 9-to-5.

And since internships often lean more towards learning and less about what you've done, what you bring should reflect that.

Here's what to bring to an internship interview:

• Course Syllabus . It's a quick way to show how your education aligns with the internship and fills in the "experience" gaps.
• Academic projects. Got a group project you're proud of? It’s proof you can work in a team and take initiative.
• A list of skills you want to learn .This isn't just about what you can offer them, but what they can offer you. Show them you're eager to grow.
• Tech or tools you've played with . Maybe you've dabbled in a new software for fun, or you've played around with some cool apps related to your field.

And if you're left wondering how to kickstart the process in the first place, you can apply for an internship via email using these email templates.

When it's game day and you're suiting up for that interview, it's not just about bringing your A-game mentally. You've got some physical homework to take along too.

Here's a list of documents you should bring to an interview:

• Resume. It's the document they’ve likely seen, but having a crisp copy (or two) on hand is non-negotiable. It’s your professional journey on paper. Plus, you can refer back to it when asked about your previous experience.
• Cover letter. Even if they’ve seen it digitally, a hard copy can serve as a quick refresher for the interviewer. It gives context to your resume.
• ID card/passport. Most companies require a formal ID for security and verification. It's always good to be prepared.
• Driver's license. If the role involves driving or you're applying out of state, this can be a crucial piece of ID.
• Social security card. Many employers ask to see your social security card for payroll and tax reporting purposes. It’s handy, just in case.
• List of professional references . These are the people who can vouch for your skills and character. Ensure they know they might receive a call!

Gathering up these documents shouldn't be a problem. Chances are, they're either already in your wallet or you've prepped them for the interview.

Are you getting ready for a job interview?

Carrying multiple copies of your resume is crucial. Don't have one? Time to create it now.

Going into an interview, we usually focus on what to bring. But let's flip the script for a sec.

Here are a few things you'd best leave at home for a job interview:

• Overbearing perfume. A little goes a long way. Remember, some people might be allergic or sensitive.
• Chewing gum. It might keep your breath fresh, but chomping away during a conversation isn't a good look.
• Your entire life in a bag. Bringing a massive bag or backpack can seem messy. Especially when you need to fetch something quickly and can't find it.
• Loud jewelry or accessories. While personal style is important, avoid accessories that make noise or can be distracting.
• Smartphone (on loud). An unexpected ring or notification can interrupt your flow and distract both you and the interviewer.
• Food or drinks. Carrying a coffee or snack might seem harmless, but it's best to consume these before entering. Spills or crumbs can make things awkward!
• Too much personal info. Your interview should revolve around your professional attributes. Avoid bringing up personal issues or sharing TMI unless it’s directly relevant.

Remember, interviews are a blend of showcasing your skills and demonstrating good judgment. Every choice, including what you decide not to bring, plays a role in building that critical first impression.

Acing an interview goes beyond just checking off a list. It's the vibe you bring, the homework you've done, and the smart way you connect.

Let's dive into some general interview tips to help you leave a lasting mark:

• Research the company. Understand the company's history, values, and current news. It demonstrates interest and initiative.
• Rehearse common questions. While you can't predict every question, practicing answers to common ones like " Why should we hire you? " will boost your confidence.
• Dress the part. If you're not sure what to wear to a job interview , it's always better to be slightly overdressed than under. Ensure your attire fits the company culture.
• Body language matters. A firm handshake, maintaining eye contact, and sitting up straight convey confidence.
• Listen Actively. Don't just wait for your turn to talk. Engage with the interviewer and show genuine interest in what they say.
• Ask questions. When the interviewer asks if you have questions, it’s your time to shine. Prepare some thoughtful queries to highlight your enthusiasm.
• Follow up post interview. A thank-you email after an interview or note can set you apart. It reiterates your interest and shows gratitude for the opportunity.

Prepare for your next interview with AI.

Our AI interview questions generator will help you practice answering the most common interview questions for your job position.

The world is ever-evolving, and the interview process hasn't been left behind.

With a rise in remote jobs and global teams, virtual interviews have become commonplace.

But, how do you navigate this digital domain?

• Tech check. Make sure your internet connection is stable. Test your camera and microphone. Use headphones to reduce background noise and offer clearer audio.
• Have a backup plan. Technology can be unpredictable. Have a phone on standby in case of any technical issues.
• Choose your background wisely. Opt for a clean, clutter-free background. If you're using virtual backgrounds, make sure they look professional and aren't distracting.
• Maintain eye contact . Look at the camera, not the screen. This gives the impression of making eye contact with the interviewer.
• Prepare your environment. Minimize potential disturbances. Inform household members of your interview to avoid unexpected interruptions.

And if you thought you don't have to bring any items with you to an online interview, you're mistaken.

Your mind is the star of the show. Preparing it is your top priority. But ever felt that mini heart attack when you can't find an essential item minutes before leaving?

We've all been there. That's why we believe in the power of preparation – not just mentally, but physically too.

And that's exactly why we prepared the ultimate 7-item checklist for what should you bring to an interview:

• Professional folder or portfolio.
• Multiple copies of your resume.
• Professional references.
• Identification and other documents.
• Questions for the interviewer.
• Pen and notepad.

With this in hand, you're not just walking into an interview. You're making an entrance. So, keep this guide handy the next time that interview call comes in.

Klara graduated from the University of St Andrews in Scotland. After having written resumes for many of her fellow students, she began writing full-time for Kickresume. Klara is our go-to person for all things related to student or 'no experience resumes'. At the same time, she has written some of the most popular resume advice articles on this blog. Her pieces were featured in multiple CNBC articles. When she's not writing, you'll probably find her chasing dogs or people-watching while sipping on a cup of coffee.

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What To Bring To A Job Interview (And What NOT To Bring)

Jeff Gillis 0 Comments

By Jeff Gillis

Everyone has that one friend. You know the one. They are prepared for every situation. Though they carry only a small bag, this bag is full of a seemingly infinite number of useful objects. Bug spray, barrettes, and yo-yos magically spring from their sack of goodies.

At a job interview, you want to be that friend.

Knowing what to bring to a job interview is an art you should master. Luckily, it isn’t as mysterious as you may think. Your urban-boyscout friend with the infinite sack of items does, after all, have only a small bag. It is not linked to a larger space by alien technology. He is a planner, not an extraterrestrial spy.

What To Bring to a Job Interview

Some of the items below are obvious, but perhaps to you, others are not. The main thing you need to do is acknowledge that straying too far from this list can be detrimental to the success of your interview.

So make sure when you leave your house you have the following items with you:

A bottle of water is an amazing interview friend.

Practically speaking, there is nothing worse than dry mouth when you need to do some major speaking.

What causes dry mouth? Stress and nerves.

An important interview is not an uncommon time for someone who has never experienced dry mouth to suddenly find themselves smacking their lips and surveying the room for a water fountain.

As an added bonus, taking a sip of water is an excellent way buy yourself some time to formulate your thoughts.

Tough question? Think. Water. Think. Answer.

You can get significantly more thinking in without it looking odd by breaking it up with a sip of water.

Hopefully you are in top condition, ready to perform at peak performance during your job interview.

Unfortunately, this isn’t always the case.

The sniffles can be excused with tissue in hand. Though sneezing into your hands or sleeve is socially acceptable, a tissue makes the whole affair look that much more dignified. It is also the only appropriate way to conquer a runny nose.

If you want to be really old-school, consider a handkerchief.

3. Your Resume

You may have already sent your resume , but you are now an urban boy (or girl) scout and interview master.

Picture it: you’re all ready to begin when one of your panel interviewers realizes they have printed the wrong resume!

They are just deciding to share one copy, when you whip out a pristine, hot-off-the-press resume, flash a smile, and immediately show everyone in the room that you are reliable and prepared.

Even if you have a single interviewer and he has your resume right in front of him, a casually placed transparent folder with copies of your resume within will send the same message.

4. A Notebook and Pen

The notebook-pen combo is both a signalling item and an instrumental tool. This is where you can keep any questions you’ve developed , important facts and figures , or information you are given while at your interview.

Jotting down notes can help you keep track of a complex question. It can help you to recall the most important features of a position.

It also shows your potential employers that you are organized and prepared.

5. Appropriate Attire

Deciding what to wear to an interview is a very important step.

Unless you are a coding god applying for start-up positions in silicon valley, wear a tie. Not a bow-tie, a tie. Of course, depending on the industry there is significant wiggle room here. A bow-tie and tweed coat might be acceptable at a design company or progressive place of employment. The safer option, however, is a proper business suit.

Ladies have more options, but need to look equally professional. Yes, those blister-inducing shoes are part of the package.

In many cases not adhering to this traditional standard will cost you considerably. Employers need to know that you are taking your job hunt seriously and that you understand how to behave in a traditional workplace.

Once you’ve proven yourself, you can show off your Star Wars socks. The interview, however, it not the time to do so.

6. Tidy Hair and Nails

Details matter.

Take the time to scrub under your fingernails. Make sure they are short and tidy, if male. If female, make sure they are even and manicured. Polish is optional, but it certainly won’t hurt.

Independent of your gender, comb your hair. Ensure that it will not be in your eyes or unceremoniously plopped on the top of your head in a messy bun. Trendy is not necessarily professional. Interviews don’t require cookie-cutter Stepford people, but they do require professionalism and good hygiene.

7. A Genuine Smile and Positive Attitude

This is perhaps the most important thing to bring. Things happen. Your tights will rip, you’ll leave your notebook on the roof of your car, or spill ketchup on your tailored dress shirt. It’s okay.

Nearly everything can be forgiven with a genuine smile, a short apology, and a positive attitude. Even the biggest hiccup of all – being late – can be worked through with the right attitude. PRO TIP: don’t be late.

List of what you should bring to your job interview

• Your Resume
• A Notebook and Pen
• Appropriate Attire
• Tidy Hair and Nails
• A Genuine Smile and Attitude
• Questions To Ask The Interviewer

What Not to Bring to a Job Interview

Perhaps even more important than knowing what to bring to a job interview, is of course, what NOT to bring to a job interview.

Now you may laugh at some of these items, but trust me, they have all been brought to job interviews by real people and in 99.9% of those cases, they left the interview without  job offer for this exact reason.

So, be sure not to bring these items to your next job interview:

If you must bring your phone on your interview, keep it on silent and don’t take it out of your bag until you have left.

If your interviewer is older they remember a time before smart phones became ubiquitous.

There is a good chance they think younger generations have taken technology dependence to an unhealthy level.

Playing Angry Birds instead of politely chatting with the company receptionist will undoubtedly be a mark against you. Glancing at a text during your company tour will not go unnoticed. Save selfies with the company fish for another day.

The only appropriate time to pull out a phone during your interview is if your interviewer is showing off pictures of their dog and you want to brag about your gigantic greyhound Lucy.

Your Mother

This should be self-evident, but apparently eight percent of young workers surveyed admit to bringing a parent to their job interviews, while three percent said a parent actually sat in on the interview!

Don’t do this. Even if your mom has known the interviewer since college or is an employee at the same company, don’t do this. There are no extenuating circumstances that make this okay.

If you need a ride, mom is allowed to drive you to your interview. She must, however, wait in the car. It is never appropriate to bring your mother to a job interview.

The same applies to your father, aunt, older sister, and greyhound Lucy.

The Importance of Preparing Questions for your Interviewers

Preparing several questions to ask the interviewer is imperative. It shows that you’ve done your research, provides evidence of your interest in the position , and illustrates that you have spent time thinking about how your skills and personality will fit with the company.

For more information about interview questions check out The Interview Guys ’ previous blog article Top 14 Questions To Ask In An Interview.

Putting It All Together

Hopefully you now have a good sense of how to become an interview-destroying urban scout!

There is no magic bag. There is no secret technology.

Like so many things, it is all about knowledge, planning and commitment to excellence. Now go get that job, you notebook-toting, tissue-offering, water-drinking interview ninja!

Co-founder and CTO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Jeff is a featured contributor delivering advice on job search, job interviews and career advancement, having published more than 50 pieces of unique content on the site , with his work being featured in top publications such as INC , ZDnet , MSN and more.

Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

About The Author

Jeff gillis.

Co-founder and CTO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Jeff is a featured contributor delivering advice on job search, job interviews and career advancement, having published more than 50 pieces of unique content on the site , with his work being featured in top publications such as INC , ZDnet , MSN and more. Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

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Is a Cover Letter Necessary for a Resume at an Interview?

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While you don't need a cover letter for interviews, it's a good idea to bring one. In any circumstance, it's good to compose one if only to show that you're keenly aware of the proper way to submit your qualifications to a prospective employer.

While your cover letter isn't necessary at an interview, take it with you anyway. If you didn't compose a cover letter when you applied for the job, create one and take it with you to the interview. It might come in handy for any number of reasons.

Purpose of Cover Letters

Neither your cover letter nor your resume can get you the job you want; hiring managers look at your interview conduct to determine whether they want to extend a job offer. A cover letter simply introduces you to the reader and, if written persuasively, compels the reader to learn more about your skills through a careful review of your resume.

An effective cover letter contains a succinct introduction and a brief statement about your interest in learning more about the job for which you've applied. Ideally, your cover letter contains a paragraph or two about your skills and qualifications. The final paragraph contains one to two sentences about your interest in interviewing for the job.

Visit websites that provide sample cover letters, like Indeed.com's samples . You'll get ideas for punching yours up and removing things that detract from it.

It Can Be Redundant

When you send a cover letter to a prospective employer, you're merely interested in learning more about the job. Unless you'll take any job that's offered to you, you cannot reasonably say that you're interested being offered the job.

You need to meet the interviewer, learn more about the company's expectations, see if the salary and benefits meet your needs and determine if you're a good fit for the organization's culture before accepting a job offer. When you're at the interview, the message is clear that you're interested in learning about the job. Therefore, your presence at an interview with a cover letter in hand may seem redundant.

It's a Quick Introduction

On the other hand, taking a cover letter with you to interview can be useful if you need to submit a copy of your complete application package to the company. Also, if you're being introduced to a panel of interviewers, your cover letter might come in handy so they can learn what you said in your initial contact with the employer that compelled them to invite you to interview for the job. In this case, redundancy is good and shows that you came prepared for anything that might arise concerning your application package.

Helps With Interview Questions

The interviewer's questions might be based, in part, on the information you submitted in your application. If you have a copy of your cover letter with you, you can easily refer to the precise statements you made in your cover letter instead of having to guess or ask the interviewer if you can see a copy of your letter.

Being prepared for an interview means you take more than what you could possibly need for the interview – it's better to have more of your application materials than it is to not have your original cover letter, resume and other documents pertinent to your qualifications.

Bring Other Work Materials

In addition to your application materials, take a list of your professional and personal references with you to the interview, recommends jobs websites, Monster.com . If you're certain you want the job and anticipate that the interview will end with a verbal offer, take your identification, copies of certifications or licenses, and documents that prove you're eligible to work for a United States employer.

These are documents recruiters appreciate having to streamline the employment process. If you arrive at the interview with every possible document you could need to accept a job offer, chances are the employer will deem you a forward-thinking, qualified candidate who came to the interview adequately prepared.

• Monster: 10 things you should bring to a job interview
• Indeed: Cover Letter Samples

Ruth Mayhew has been writing since the mid-1980s, and she has been an HR subject matter expert since 1995. Her work appears in "The Multi-Generational Workforce in the Health Care Industry," and she has been cited in numerous publications, including journals and textbooks that focus on human resources management practices. She holds a Master of Arts in sociology from the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Ruth resides in the nation's capital, Washington, D.C.

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Should You Bring A Cover Letter To An Interview

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Should you bring a cover letter to an interview.

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While bringing a cover letter to an interview is not a requirement, it can demonstrate your professionalism and attention to detail. A cover letter can also provide a brief overview of your qualifications and highlight why you are a good fit for the position. It can also serve as a reminder to the interviewer about your application and provide an opportunity for you to add any additional information that may not have been included in your resume. However, make sure to check the company's hiring process and preference before bringing one.

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The little-known truth about cover letters is: You do NOT always need to include a cover letter when applying for jobs, and you may be wasting hours sending cover letters that employers won’t read.

So if you’re wondering whether you should always submit a cover letter with your job application and resume, then keep reading.

After working for years as a recruiter , I’m going to share the exact situations where you should provide a cover letter and the situations where it’s not needed.

Should You Always Submit a Cover Letter?

Many people on LinkedIn and other sites will tell you that you should include a cover letter every time because it “can’t hurt,” but that’s not true…

Here’s how it CAN hurt you…

Writing a great cover letter takes a LOT of time and mental energy. So if it’s not making a difference, or not even getting read, then it  is hurting you in terms of wasted time and energy (I’d argue that writing a cover letter is the toughest and most time-consuming part of the process for many job seekers).

Writing a resume is tough, sure. But once you get it, you’re done. You spend 5-15 minutes tailoring it for each specific job you apply for, but that’s it.

Cover letters take a lot of time EVERY time (at least when done right).

That’s why it’s important to look at how important a cover letter is, and which situations it’s necessary and truly beneficial in.

3 Situations Where You Need to Send a Cover Letter:

There are a couple of specific scenarios where cover letters are necessary, and you should send one. This article by Harvard Business Review says it best:

In those cases, according to Harvard Business Review, you can boost your chances of getting the interview by writing a short letter to point out similarities between your resume and the job requirements (e.g. why you’d do well in their job )… rather than leaving the analysis entirely up to the hiring manager.

But this is only worth doing if you meet one or more of the criteria above, or a few other situations I’ll explain below…

Two more cases where you may want to include a cover letter:

First, you should send a cover letter if an employer specifically says it’s required on their website or job application form (however, having an optional field to include it is not the same as asking for it or saying it’s required).

And second, you should send a letter if you have a large gap in employment or something unusual in your background that you feel the need to explain, and you don’t feel your resume explains it well enough on its own.

(Although I do like addressing gaps in employment directly on your resume employment history section when possible. For example, if you took a year off to raise a kid, you could say: “2018-2019: One-year break from work to raise first child.” So do try to explain this type of thing on your resume if you can!)

When You Don’t Need a Cover Letter:

If you don’t fall into any of the situations we looked at above, then a cover letter is not needed.

For example, if you’re just applying for jobs online via job boards , via LinkedIn, on company websites via their “careers” page, etc., then I’d skip it! Send your resume and let it speak for itself. (And if you don’t have a great resume yet, you can get help  here. )

In my opinion, the extra time and effort just isn’t worth it when you’re applying online with no prior relationship, no referral, and no special knowledge of the hiring manager or job requirements that you can use to make your case for why they should interview you.

This is one reason I love LinkedIn EasyApply as a part of an online job search – because a cover letter is not required or even expected.

Of course, the final judgment call is yours!

If you’re applying to your dream employer and you don’t mind spending an hour writing up a great cover letter, then go ahead! It can’t hurt in a one-off scenario like this.

But the main point I’m trying to make here is:

You should be selective about when to send a cover letter, rather than feeling obligated to send it by default.

Recap: How Important is a Cover Letter?

The answer to how important a cover letter is depends on the hiring process and situation. If you read the information above, you now know when a cover letter is necessary/recommended, and when you probably shouldn’t bother.

And you’ve seen that cover letters do matter in some cases, but that doesn’t mean that you always need to send a cover letter.

And as mentioned earlier, the main benefit of this approach is time savings…

When you look at how much time and effort goes into writing each of these letters, it can add up to hours or days of wasted time if you’re sending cover letters without analyzing whether it’s necessary for the situation.

Tips for Writing a Good Cover Letter:

Now that we’ve answered whether a cover letter is necessary, and when it’s important, here are some tips and resources to help you in situations where you decide a cover letter is needed:

First, I’d always recommend keeping it brief, easy to read (no huge paragraphs or blocks of text without spacing), and personal.

It should feel like you’re talking directly to them! That means start with “Dear Bethany”, (for example), not with, “Dear Hiring Manager” or “Dear Recruiter”.

(Recruiters almost never care about a cover letter anyway. It should be for the hiring manager).

Also, make sure you’re saying the word “you” at least as often as you say the word “I”. Talk about their needs and their company, not just about yourself .

The purpose of your cover letter is to point out similarities between your background and the employer’s job requirements. You want to demonstrate why you’re likely to succeed in their specific role, to sell them on interviewing you! And you cannot do this without researching their job and understanding/discussing their job. So this letter isn’t just about you , it’s about them just as much.

To help you further, we’ve published two articles here on Career Sidekick with great cover letter info:

• 3 steps to writing a cover letter that stands out
• How to write a cover letter with no experience

If you follow the steps above, you’ll save time in your job search and maximize the number of interviews you get for the effort you put into your job applications!

About the Author

Read more articles by Biron Clark

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How to Write a Graphic Designer Cover Letter (3 Examples)

How to write a paralegal cover letter (2 examples), how to write a medical assistant cover letter (3 examples), how to write a research assistant cover letter (3 examples), how to write a software engineer cover letter (3 examples), how to write a hr cover letter (4 examples), how to write a data analyst cover letter (3 examples), how to write a bartender cover letter (3 examples), 5 thoughts on “should you always include a cover letter”.

Good stuff Biron! This is why Career Sidekick is my go-to career blog, I really admire how you take a contrarian approach to conventional job search/career wisdom!

Seems like almost every other career blog advises you to always submit a cover letter. Too bad these folks don’t consider the most important asset we all have: time!

Would being graduated out of college for 1.5 years and haven’t “launched” your career yet – getting a job in the field you got a degree in – count as something “unusual on your background” that you would need a cover letter for?

Thanks for the kind words. I don’t think you’d need a cover letter for this. Just make sure to “tailor” your resume to show the most relevant pieces of the work you have done, and to show your relevant educational background/degree. But if you’re not getting results with your resume, then it’s worth testing/trying a cover letter. My guess is that it’s not needed, and perfecting your resume will get more interviews.

Thanks for the advice Biron!

If I understand you correctly, is this an instance where you would recommend NOT using a chronological work history on a resume then?

And instead break up work experience history into a “relevant” and “other work experience” sections, since we’re trying to show specific relevant pieces of experience and educational background/degree?

I’d still keep it chronological. Just show the most relevant pieces of each past role, for the job you want now.

How about in my situation? I am looking for a job in marketing, but it has been five years and a few jobs since marketing has been the primary function of my job. My last few jobs have had a very little marketing focus and have been training, technical or sales in focus. Should I always write a cover letter to explain this when I am applying for marketing jobs?

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How to write a great cover letter in 2024: tips and structure

A cover letter is a personalized letter that introduces you to a potential employer, highlights your qualifications, and explains why you're a strong fit for a specific job.

Hate or love them, these brief documents allow job seekers to make an impression and stand out from the pile of other applications. Penning a thoughtful cover letter shows the hiring team you care about earning the position.

Here’s everything you need to know about how to write a cover letter — and a great one, at that.

What is a cover letter and why does it matter?

A professional cover letter is a one-page document you submit alongside your CV or resume as part of a job application. Typically, they’re about half a page or around 150–300 words.

An effective cover letter doesn’t just rehash your CV; it’s your chance to highlight your proudest moments, explain why you want the job, and state plainly what you bring to the table.

Show the reviewer you’re likable, talented, and will add to the company’s culture . You can refer to previous jobs and other information from your CV, but only if it helps tell a story about you and your career choices .

What 3 things should you include in a cover letter?

A well-crafted cover letter can help you stand out to potential employers. To make your cover letter shine, here are three key elements to include:

1. Personalization

Address the hiring manager or recruiter by name whenever possible. If the job posting doesn't include a name, research to find out who will be reviewing applications. Personalizing your cover letter shows that you've taken the time to tailor your application to the specific company and role.

2. Highlight relevant achievements and skills

Emphasize your most relevant skills , experiences, and accomplishments that directly relate to the job you're applying for. Provide specific examples of how your skills have benefited previous employers and how they can contribute to the prospective employer's success. Use quantifiable achievements , such as improved efficiency, cost savings, or project success, to demonstrate your impact.

3. Show enthusiasm and fit

Express your enthusiasm for the company and the position you're applying for. Explain why you are interested in this role and believe you are a good fit for the organization. Mention how your values, goals, and skills align with the company's mission and culture. Demonstrating that you've done your research can make a significant impression.

What do hiring managers look for in a cover letter?

Employers look for several key elements in a cover letter. These include:

Employers want to see that your cover letter is specifically tailored to the position you are applying for. It should demonstrate how your skills, experiences, and qualifications align with the job requirements.

Clear and concise writing

A well-written cover letter is concise, easy to read, and error-free. Employers appreciate clear and effective communication skills , so make sure your cover letter showcases your ability to express yourself effectively.

Demonstrated knowledge of the company

Employers want to see that you are genuinely interested in their organization. Mention specific details about the company, such as recent achievements or projects, to show that you are enthusiastic about joining their team.

Achievements and accomplishments

Highlight your relevant achievements and accomplishments that demonstrate your qualifications for the position. Use specific examples to showcase your skills and show how they can benefit the employer.

Enthusiasm and motivation

Employers want to hire candidates who are excited about the opportunity and motivated to contribute to the company's success. Express your enthusiasm and passion for the role and explain why you are interested in working for the company.

Professionalism

A cover letter should be professional in tone and presentation. Use formal language, address the hiring manager appropriately, and follow standard business letter formatting.

How do you structure a cover letter?

A well-structured cover letter follows a specific format that makes it easy for the reader to understand your qualifications and enthusiasm for the position. Here's a typical structure for a cover letter:

Contact information

Include your name, address, phone number, and email address at the top of the letter. Place your contact information at the beginning so that it's easy for the employer to reach you.

Employer's contact information

Opening paragraph, middle paragraph(s), closing paragraph, complimentary close, additional contact information.

Repeat your contact information (name, phone number, and email) at the end of the letter, just in case the employer needs it for quick reference.

Remember to keep your cover letter concise and focused. It should typically be no more than one page in length. Proofread your letter carefully to ensure it is free from spelling and grammatical errors. Tailor each cover letter to the specific job application to make it as relevant and impactful as possible.

How to write a good cover letter (with examples)

The best letters are unique, tailored to the job description, and written in your voice — but that doesn’t mean you can’t use a job cover letter template.

Great cover letters contain the same basic elements and flow a certain way. Take a look at this cover letter structure for ref erence while you construct your own.

1. Add a header and contact information

While reading your cover letter, the recruiter shouldn’t have to look far to find who wrote it. Your document should include a basic heading with the following information:

• Pronouns (optional)
• Location (optional)
• Email address
• Phone number (optional)
• Relevant links, such as your LinkedIn profile , portfolio, or personal website (optional)

You can pull this information directly from your CV. Put it together, and it will look something like this:

Christopher Pike

San Francisco, California

[email protected]

Alternatively, if the posting asks you to submit your cover letter in the body of an email, you can include this information in your signature. For example:

Warm regards,

Catherine Janeway

Bloomington, Indiana

[email protected]

(555) 999 - 2222

2. Include a personal greeting

Always begin your cover letter by addressing the hiring manager — preferably by name. You can use the person’s first and last name. Make sure to include a relevant title, like Dr., Mr., or Ms. For example, “Dear Mr. John Doe.”

Avoid generic openings like “To whom it may concern,” “Dear sir or madam,” or “Dear hiring manager.” These introductions sound impersonal — like you’re copy-pasting cover letters — and can work against you in the hiring process.

Be careful, though. When using someone’s name, you don’t want to use the wrong title or accidentally misgender someone. If in doubt, using only their name is enough. You could also opt for a gender-neutral title, like Mx.

Make sure you’re addressing the right person in your letter — ideally, the person who’s making the final hiring decision. This isn’t always specified in the job posting, so you may have to do some research to learn the name of the hiring manager.

3. Draw them in with an opening story

The opening paragraph of your cover letter should hook the reader. You want it to be memorable, conversational, and extremely relevant to the job you’re pursuing. 

There’s no need for a personal introduction — you’ve already included your name in the heading. But you should make reference to the job you’re applying for. A simple “Thank you for considering my application for the role of [job title] at [company],” will suffice.

Then you can get into the “Why” of your job application. Drive home what makes this specific job and this company so appealing to you. Perhaps you’re a fan of their products, you’re passionate about their mission, or you love their brand voice. Whatever the case, this section is where you share your enthusiasm for the role.

Here’s an example opening paragraph. In this scenario, you’re applying for a digital marketing role at a bicycle company:

“Dear Mr. John Doe,

Thank you for considering my application for the role of Marketing Coordinator at Bits n’ Bikes.

My parents bought my first bike at one of your stores. I’ll never forget the freedom I felt when I learned to ride it. My father removed my training wheels, and my mom sent me barrelling down the street. You provide joy to families across the country — and I want to be part of that.”

4. Emphasize why you’re best for the job

Your next paragraphs should be focused on the role you’re applying to. Highlight your skill set and why you’re a good fit for the needs and expectations associated with the position. Hiring managers want to know what you’ll bring to the job, not just any role.

Start by studying the job description for hints. What problem are they trying to solve with this hire? What skills and qualifications do they mention first or more than once? These are indicators of what’s important to the hiring manager.

Search for details that match your experience and interests. For example, if you’re excited about a fast-paced job in public relations, you might look for these elements in a posting:

• They want someone who can write social media posts and blog content on tight deadlines
• They value collaboration and input from every team member
• They need a planner who can come up with strong PR strategies

Highlight how you fulfill these requirements:

“I’ve always been a strong writer. From blog posts to social media, my content pulls in readers and drives traffic to product pages. For example, when I worked at Bits n’ Bikes, I developed a strategic blog series about bike maintenance that increased our sales of spare parts and tools by 50% — we could see it in our web metrics.

Thanks to the input of all of our team members, including our bike mechanics, my content delivered results.”

5. End with a strong closing paragraph and sign off gracefully

Your closing paragraph is your final chance to hammer home your enthusiasm about the role and your unique ability to fill it. Reiterate the main points you explained in the body paragraphs and remind the reader of what you bring to the table.

You can also use the end of your letter to relay other important details, like whether you’re willing to relocate for the job.

When choosing a sign-off, opt for a phrase that sounds professional and genuine. Reliable options include “Sincerely” and “Kind regards.”

Here’s a strong closing statement for you to consider:

“I believe my enthusiasm, skills, and work experience as a PR professional will serve Bits n’ Bikes very well. I would love to meet to further discuss my value-add as your next Director of Public Relations. Thank you for your consideration. I hope we speak soon.

Tips to write a great cover letter that compliments your resume

When writing your own letter, try not to copy the example excerpts word-for-word. Instead, use this cover letter structure as a baseline to organize your ideas. Then, as you’re writing, use these extra cover letter tips to add your personal touch:

• Keep your cover letter different from your resume : Your cover letter should not duplicate the information on your resume. Instead, it should provide context and explanations for key points in your resume, emphasizing how your qualifications match the specific job you're applying for.
• Customize your cover letter . Tailor your cover letter for each job application. Address the specific needs of the company and the job posting, demonstrating that you've done your homework and understand their requirements.
• Show enthusiasm and fit . Express your enthusiasm for the company and position in the cover letter. Explain why you are interested in working for this company and how your values, goals, and skills align with their mission and culture.
• Use keywords . Incorporate keywords from the job description and industry terms in your cover letter. This can help your application pass through applicant tracking systems (ATS) and demonstrate that you're well-versed in the field.
• Keep it concise . Your cover letter should be succinct and to the point, typically no more than one page. Focus on the most compelling qualifications and experiences that directly support your application.
• Be professional . Maintain a professional tone and structure in your cover letter. Proofread it carefully to ensure there are no errors.
• Address any gaps or concerns . If there are gaps or concerns in your resume, such as employment gaps or a change in career direction, briefly address them in your cover letter. Explain any relevant circumstances and how they have shaped your qualifications and determination.
• Provide a call to action . Conclude your cover letter with a call to action, inviting the employer to contact you for further discussion. Mention that you've attached your resume for their reference.
• Follow the correct format . Use a standard cover letter format like the one above, including your contact information, a formal salutation, introductory and closing paragraphs, and your signature. Ensure that it complements your resume without redundancy.
• Pick the right voice and tone . Try to write like yourself, but adapt to the tone and voice of the company. Look at the job listing, company website, and social media posts. Do they sound fun and quirky, stoic and professional, or somewhere in-between? This guides your writing style.
• Tell your story . You’re an individual with unique expertise, motivators, and years of experience. Tie the pieces together with a great story. Introduce how you arrived at this point in your career, where you hope to go , and how this prospective company fits in your journey. You can also explain any career changes in your resume.
• Show, don’t tell . Anyone can say they’re a problem solver. Why should a recruiter take their word for it if they don’t back it up with examples? Instead of naming your skills, show them in action. Describe situations where you rose to the task, and quantify your success when you can.
• Be honest . Avoid highlighting skills you don’t have. This will backfire if they ask you about them in an interview. Instead, shift focus to the ways in which you stand out.
• Avoid clichés and bullet points . These are signs of lazy writing. Do your best to be original from the first paragraph to the final one. This highlights your individuality and demonstrates the care you put into the letter.
• Proofread . Always spellcheck your cover letter. Look for typos, grammatical errors, and proper flow. We suggest reading it out loud. If it sounds natural rolling off the tongue, it will read naturally as well.

Common cover letter writing FAQs

How long should a cover letter be.

A cover letter should generally be concise and to the point. It is recommended to keep it to one page or less, focusing on the most relevant information that highlights your qualifications and fits the job requirements.

Should I include personal information in a cover letter?

While it's important to introduce yourself and provide your contact information, avoid including personal details such as your age, marital status, or unrelated hobbies. Instead, focus on presenting your professional qualifications and aligning them with the job requirements.

Can I use the same cover letter for multiple job applications?

While it may be tempting to reuse a cover letter, it is best to tailor each cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. This allows you to highlight why you are a good fit for that particular role and show genuine interest in the company.

Do I need to address my cover letter to a specific person?

Whenever possible, it is advisable to address your cover letter to a specific person, such as the hiring manager or recruiter. If the job posting does not provide this information, try to research and find the appropriate contact. If all else fails, you can use a generic salutation such as "Dear Hiring Manager."

Should I include references in my cover letter?

It is generally not necessary to include references in your cover letter. Save this information for when the employer explicitly requests it. Instead, focus on showcasing your qualifications and achievements that make you a strong candidate for the position.

It’s time to start writing your stand-out cover letter

The hardest part of writing is getting started. 

Hopefully, our tips gave you some jumping-off points and confidence . But if you’re really stuck, looking at cover letter examples and resume templates will help you decide where to get started. 

There are numerous sample cover letters available online. Just remember that you’re a unique, well-rounded person, and your cover letter should reflect that. Using our structure, you can tell your story while highlighting your passion for the role. 

Doing your research, including strong examples of your skills, and being courteous is how to write a strong cover letter. Take a breath , flex your fingers, and get typing. Before you know it, your job search will lead to a job interview.

If you want more personalized guidance, a specialized career coach can help review, edit, and guide you through creating a great cover letter that sticks.

Ace your job search

Explore effective job search techniques, interview strategies, and ways to overcome job-related challenges. Our coaches specialize in helping you land your dream job.

Elizabeth Perry, ACC

Elizabeth Perry is a Coach Community Manager at BetterUp. She uses strategic engagement strategies to cultivate a learning community across a global network of Coaches through in-person and virtual experiences, technology-enabled platforms, and strategic coaching industry partnerships. With over 3 years of coaching experience and a certification in transformative leadership and life coaching from Sofia University, Elizabeth leverages transpersonal psychology expertise to help coaches and clients gain awareness of their behavioral and thought patterns, discover their purpose and passions, and elevate their potential. She is a lifelong student of psychology, personal growth, and human potential as well as an ICF-certified ACC transpersonal life and leadership Coach.

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Tips on Writing a Stellar Cover Letter

Whether you’re just beginning your first job search or deep in the trenches of your career, one of the most daunting parts of an application process can be crafting a cover letter. According to a 2020 survey by Resume Lab , 83% of human resources professionals said a cover letter is an important part of a hiring decision. In a separate question, 83% of respondents claimed that a great cover letter can secure you an interview even if your resume isn’t good enough. This leaves many job applicants wondering how to write a good cover letter.

Why Include a Cover Letter?

Cover letters serve as an introduction to employers in a way that resumes are not, according to Guilene Williams, Director of Career Services at Purdue Global.

“A cover letter is important because it gives the employer additional information about why you are applying for that specific position,” Williams said. “It enables you to further discuss your skills and qualifications and gives you the opportunity to address items that do not fit within the confines of your resume.”

The cover letter serves as a strong writing sample that also provides additional information and context a resume couldn’t supply, such as:

• If you’re willing to relocate or don’t currently live in the same city as the job you’re applying to.
• If you need to explain employment gaps in a resume due to going back to school, military service, or relocating, as a few examples.
• How your skills transfer over from one industry to another if you’re making a career change.

What makes a good cover letter? This next section explains.

How to Write a Good Cover Letter

“The most important thing in writing a successful cover letter is to make sure you address the specific skills and experience that the employer puts in the job description,” said Jennifer Katz, director of career services at Purdue Global. “Don’t use the same blanket cover letter for every position you apply for. Take the time to customize your cover letter so it demonstrates that you have the skills and experience they want for that specific position.”

There are some formatting and technical requirements for cover letters, such as using the same headings and fonts as your resume and keeping it short, but Katz said the most important thing is to make sure it’s specific to the job you are applying to. In fact, most examples of good cover letters aren’t worthwhile, because what works for one person would ring insincere for another applicant.

Williams said another key part of a cover letter is addressing it to a human. It can be tempting to write “To Whom It May Concern,” but Williams said that can be a detriment to your application.

“If you do not have the hiring manager’s name, do some online research or call to ask for their name,” Williams said. “As a last resort, if you do not know who the person is, then you can resort to writing, ‘Dear Hiring Manager’ or ‘Dear Human Resources Manager.’”

Common Cover Letter Mistakes

Just like a resume, a cover letter should be error-free, which means proofread, proofread, proofread. Watch out for mistakes including not changing the name of the company or the person to whom it is addressed from the last letter you wrote.

“Those kinds of things are very stark,” Katz said, “and it just shows the employer that the candidate hasn't taken the time to customize it and maybe isn't particularly interested in this exact position.”

Should You Include Salary Requirements in Your Cover Letter?

Both Katz and Williams say no. It’s best to wait for the employer to bring up salary later in the process.

“Adding a salary to your cover letter is a fast way to eliminate yourself from the selection process,” Williams said.

Putting a salary in a cover letter can be off-putting to some employers and also isn’t a good format for negotiations. A conversation with a hiring manager allows both the employer and applicant to be flexible with the numbers they put forward. 

How to Send a Cover Letter

Now that you’ve crafted a perfectly tailored cover letter, how should you get it to the hiring manager? First, follow instructions. If an employer has requested a specific file format, be sure to send it that way.

If you’re applying through an online portal, Katz suggests following the employer’s directions regarding file format, usually either a Microsoft Word document or PDF, to ensure the document can be easily read by an applicant tracking system. If you’re sending it directly to a hiring manager, just put your cover letter in the body of the email and attach your resume and any other application materials.

Use Resources at Your Disposal for the Best Cover Letter

Schools like Purdue Global have career services departments designed to help students craft and proofread their cover letters. If you’re unsure whether you’ve caught all the errors or showcased your skills as best you can, consider reaching out to career services .

“Everybody at Purdue Global has a career specialist for their program of study. This is our job,” Katz said. “We are happy to review a student’s cover letter to make sure they're putting their very best foot forward when they're applying for these positions.”

Purdue Global trains students for the careers they want and supports them through education.* If you’re interested in learning whether education at Purdue Global is a good fit for you, request more information today.

About the Author

Purdue Global

Earn a degree you're proud of and employers respect at Purdue Global, Purdue's online university for working adults. Accredited and online, Purdue Global gives you the flexibility and support you need to come back and move your career forward. Choose from 175+ programs, all backed by the power of Purdue.

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Your Path to Success Begins Here

Learn more about online programs at Purdue Global and download our program guide.

Connect with an Advisor to explore program requirements, curriculum, credit for prior learning process, and financial aid options.

* Employment and Career Advancement: Purdue Global does not guarantee employment placement or career advancement. Actual outcomes vary by geographic area, previous work experience and opportunities for employment.

#1 Thing You MUST Say In Your Cover Letter

Is there one thing you can say in a cover letter that will guarantee it accomplishes its purpose? Absolutely!

A cover letter serves as an introduction to your resume and to yourself as a candidate for employment. It's the place to show your interest in the position and make a personal connection between who you are and why you're a great fit for the opportunity.

Showing your interest and passion for the company is important in the cover letter. However, saying this one thing is almost an ultimate guarantee you'll get the interview...

You know that old saying, "Ask and you shall receive"? It's true. It may sound like common sense and obvious advice, but how many times have you sent a cover letter with your resume and not asked for the interview? It's easy to do!

Should You Ask For An Interview In A Cover Letter?

You may be hesitant to ask for an interview in your cover letter (or might just forget to do so) but you absolutely should. It shows confidence and enthusiasm for the opportunity.

How Do You Ask For An Interview In A Cover Letter?

In the closing paragraph of your cover letter, all you need to do is ask the employer for an interview. Statistics have indicated job seekers who ask for the interview in their cover letters are twice as likely to get the interview.

Below, we give you several examples that you can modify and use in your own cover letter.

Examples Of How To Ask For A Job Interview In Your Cover Letter

I'm excited about the Director of Sales position with XYZ Widgets and would love the opportunity to meet in person to further discuss my experience and the value I can offer you as your next Director of Sales. Please call me at 555.555.5555 to schedule an interview at your earliest convenience.

I would love a personal interview at your earliest convenience to further discuss my credentials with you. I can be reached at 555.555.5555 and will follow up as well to make sure you've received my information.

Thank you for your time reviewing my resume. I welcome the opportunity to discuss in a personal interview my qualifications and fit for the position. Feel free to reach me at 555.555.5555 at your earliest convenience.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I'd love the opportunity to further discuss the position and my experience with you. Please reach out to me at 555.555.5555 to schedule an interview.

Remember: You can ask for the interview with any wording you're comfortable with, whether that's with more direct language or not. The key thing is to close your cover letter by asking for the interview.

A cover letter is your chance to connect with an employer and explain your passion for what they do and how you believe you can help them achieve their goals as a company. If you do all that and ask for the job interview at the end of your cover letter, you'll be much more likely to get a call from the hiring manager.

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This article was originally published at an earlier date.

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Spring Cleaning: 4 Ways To Fix Your Job Search

Is your job search turning into a grind with no end in sight? It may be time to take a step back and reevaluate your entire approach.

In cold weather climates, the beginning of spring is a time to clean the house and get organized—a practice known as spring cleaning. Through the years, spring cleaning has taken on a larger meaning with people using the time to organize and declutter things in their lives.

For professionals on the job hunt, a little spring cleaning (metaphorically speaking) could be a great way to reinvigorate your job search. Here are a few strategies your job search spring cleaning should include.

Reevaluate Your Job Search Approach

Make a list of the last handful of jobs you applied for and see if you can identify any positive or negative trends. Consider things like:

• How did I learn about this job?
• How did I apply for the job?
• Did I earn an interview?
• What was the ultimate result?

A lot can be learned about your job search approach just by answering these questions and identifying patterns. For example:

Negative Trends

You discovered five jobs through job boards, applied to all of them via the job boards, and never heard back from any of them.

The common pattern here is applying through job boards. This isn't to say that job boards don't serve a purpose in the job search process, but they have their limitations , and you can't run your job search entirely off of them. When you apply through a job board, there's a good chance that your materials will never get past the applicant tracking system (ATS) and never be seen by an actual person.

One simple fix is to research who the hiring manager or recruiter is that posted the position and email your materials to them directly.

The more efficient fix would be to take a proactive approach by putting together a bucket list of companies that you want to work for and start making connections on LinkedIn with people who work at those companies. You may already know some people who work there or have connections that can refer you to some individuals.

This is a great way to network your way onto a company's radar.

Positive Trends

You applied to three jobs via referral, were invited to two job interviews, and made it through multiple rounds of interviews for one of the jobs before being passed over for someone with a little more experience.

The pattern here is that getting referred to a job by a professional acquaintance is a great way to land a job interview . This indicates that you're leveraging your network well and you should continue to focus on your networking efforts.

The next step is to review the interview process and determine what went well and what needs to be improved. Sometimes the interviewer will provide feedback , and that feedback can be valuable. However, not everyone is comfortable with giving feedback.

Chances are you probably have a good idea about areas of improvement and the skills you need to gain. Put together a plan for addressing those shortfalls.

The good news in making it deep into any interview process is that it indicates that the company likes you as a potential employee (even if the timing just wasn't right) and the experience could be a roadmap to a job with that company at a later date, or another similar opportunity elsewhere.

Give Your Resume & Cover Letter Some Much-Needed Attention

Are you continuously sending similar resumes and cover letters to each job opening with only minor adjustments? If so, your strategy needs some serious spring cleaning.

Let's start with resumes!

Every resume should be tailored to the position in order for it to stand out to recruiters and hiring managers . It may seem like a lot of work, but it's actually less work than submitting the same resume over and over again and never hearing back.

The reason why it's so important to tailor your resume is that throughout your career, you acquire numerous skills, but the job you're applying for may only be focusing on 6-8 of those skills. In that case, those skills must rise to the top of the resume with quantifiable examples of how you successfully used those skills at previous jobs.

Remember, recruiters go through hundreds of resumes. They need to be able to tell from a quick glance whether or not you're a potential candidate for the position.

While updating your resume, you could also spruce up your LinkedIn profile by highlighting the skill sets that you want to be noticed for by recruiters.

As for writing a good cover letter , the key to success is writing a disruptive cover letter . When you write a disruptive cover letter , you're basically telling a story. The story should focus on how you connect with the particular company and job position. The story could also focus on your personal journey, and how you got to where you currently are in your career.

If your resumes and cover letters aren't unique, now is the time to clean things up and get on track.

Build Your Personal Brand

Just because you're looking for work doesn't mean that you don't have anything to offer. Use previous career experiences and passions to build your personal brand .

Ask yourself, "How do I want other professionals to view me?"

Pick an area of expertise and start sharing your knowledge and experience with your professional network by pushing out content on your LinkedIn and social media accounts. Good content can include blogs, social media posts, and videos.

By sharing content about your experiences and passions, you slowly build your personal brand, and others will start to notice. The content could lead to good discussions with others in your network. It could also lead to reconnecting with connections that you haven't spoken to in years, or making new connections.

You never know when one of these connections could turn into a job lead or referral. The trick is to get on people's radars. So, when you're cleaning up your job search, be sure to build a plan for personal branding.

Maintain Healthy Habits During Your Job Search

Your job search is important, but it's even more important to know when to pull back and focus on personal health and spending time with family and friends.

There are actually things that you can do for your own enjoyment that could help your job search in the long run, such as:

• Grab coffee with a friend - It's good to engage in light conversation with friends during challenging times. And if your job search does come up, remember that most people have been through it themselves and you never know when a friend may provide you with a good idea or lead on a job.
• Volunteer - Volunteering is a great way to get involved in the community and help others. In addition, if you develop a little bit of a career gap while looking for a job, you can always talk about how you filled that time volunteering, if you're asked about it during a job interview.
• Continue to focus on other passions - Are you a fitness nut? Blogger? Crafter? Continue to do the things that bring you happiness. And if you're in a position to profit from your passion through a freelance job or side hustle , even better!

Spring is the perfect time to clean up and improve your job search so you can land the job you want. If you're struggling to find a job, follow the tips above to reinvigorate your job search—and watch your career blossom!

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• What Documents Are Required...

What Documents Are Required for a Job Interview?

5 min read · Updated on May 17, 2022

Bringing the right documents is an important part of the interview process — trust us.

This is the story: You've spent a few weeks researching potential job interview questions and meticulously rehearsing the answers. You walk into the interview room and sit across the hiring manager, only to hear them say, “Sorry, I don't have a copy of your resume. Do you have an extra copy with you?” You then empty out your bag in a panic, only to realize that you didn't bring any extra copies! Imagine how humiliating that would be. 

You'd be surprised how often candidates walk into an interview to find out that the interviewer doesn't have a copy of their documents. Thus, being prepared with key documents can certainly increase your chances of having a successful interview. Read on to learn what documents are required for the job interview, plus other important things to remember.

Documents required for the job interview

Copies of your resume.

Pro tip: Always bring more than one copy of your resume or CV to your job interview. A good rule of thumb would be to bring four to five copies, as you may be interviewed by multiple people. Plus, you never know, things could go so well in the interview that the hiring manager sends you for a second interview with another member of their team or even their boss! 

It wouldn't look very good if you can't provide extra copies of your resume under such circumstances. The hiring manager might also ask you to leave a few copies for the HR personnel at the end. It's a good idea to print out five extra copies of your resume and bring them in a resume presentation folder on the day of your interview.

Copies of your reference list

References from your previous managers and supervisors are a good testimony of your abilities, so bringing copies of this list would be beneficial during your interview. You can also include co-workers that you directly worked with in your reference list. If you're a fresh graduate, include professors that you worked closely with as well. 

References should be people who can attest to your professional skills, work experience, and achievements. You can also consider any volunteer activities that you've been a part of. Community leaders who can speak to your work ethic are excellent options, as well. Similar to the point above, be sure to bring additional five copies of your reference list in case they're needed. If you aren't asked for your references during the interview, you can ask if they are needed at the very end.

Pre-written interview questions for your hiring manager

When putting copies of your resume and reference list into your resume presentation folder, be sure to also include a sheet of paper with at least two or three pre-written questions to ask your interviewers. Writing them down comes in handy in case your mind goes blank and you freeze when they ask you if you have any questions.

Driver's License

Bring your driver's license to the job interview — even if you're not driving yourself to the venue. Depending on where the interview is taking place, the building might have a strict security policy that requires you to show photo I.D. proof before you're allowed in. 

This document will not be required by the interviewer, but it'll come in handy for your own use. A fact sheet should list out the names, addresses, phone numbers, and work dates for each position that you've held in the past. If you have an updated profile on LinkedIn, you could simply print your profile and manually add the address and phone numbers of each company that you've worked at. 

Don't be too reliant on looking up all this information on your phone, as a small thing such as your phone battery dying or a lack of good connection at the venue could make you look unprepared. Most companies will ask for this information to help them in conducting background research before hiring you, so do prepare ahead of time.

Work portfolio

A portfolio is an effective tool in showcasing examples of your work, such as website articles, architectural designs, apparel designs, advertisements, and marketing materials. Be sure to bring a work portfolio to your interview to set yourself apart from other candidates and efficiently demonstrate the quality of your work in the past. 

Other materials a candidate should bring to the job interview

Pen and paper.

Always bring a pen and paper when going for a job interview. Take notes on the questions that the hiring manager asks or good insights that they share. You can use these notes to write a thoughtful and personalized thank-you email when you follow up.

A bag or briefcase

Once you have prepared the documents required for your job interview, you should decide how you're going to neatly organize and carry them. The goal is to look put together and prepared.

Choose a handbag, briefcase, messenger bag, or resume presentation folder that can hold everything and looks professional. Avoid going for bags with fancy or busy designs and distracting colors, as you don't want your appearance to make you look unprofessional. Backpacks may be appropriate for some work settings, but not for all job interviews. Use your best judgment on choosing a bag based on what you know about the company culture.

Being prepared with the right documentation for your job interview will help ease your mind and focus on what's most important — showing potential employers why they should hire you in the first place.

Need help highlighting your best self during the interview? Our TopInterview coaches and career experts can help you!  Learn more about TopInterview today .

Recommended Reading: 

Don't Miss the Call — Make Sure This New iPhone Feature Is Turned Off

What to Bring to a Job Interview: A Guide

What Not to Wear to Your Next Job Interview

Related Articles:

How to Prepare for a Software Engineering Job Interview

27 Financial Analyst Interview Questions (with Great Answers)

27 Supervisor Interview Questions (and Great Answers)

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How to Write a Cover Letter That Gets You an Interview Your resume might be perfect but without a proper cover letter you may not get that coveted interview.

By Dan Scalco Edited by Dan Bova Mar 24, 2017

Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.

When applying for a new job, details matter.

Your resume might be up to par, but that certainly isn't going to be the only thing that gets you an interview. What will get you noticed and give you the best shot at getting an interview is the right cover letter.

Employers are flooded with emails and there is little way to differentiate qualified candidates in a personalized way besides the information they include in their cover letter. It's your one and only chance to tell recruiters why you are the perfect candidate for the job. It's your first chance to wow them with your skillset and experience.

Here's how you can take your cover letter to the next level:

1. Use a strong opener

People usually apply for jobs with a stock phrase like "I'm writing to apply for x job that I saw in y place." That's pretty dull and isn't going to grab anyone's attention. Instead, start the cover letter with a specific fact about yourself that you think they need know. For example, you could say "Hi, I'm a marketing and copywriting guru with 15 years of experience running strategic campaigns for small businesses." Right away, they get to learn something about you and are intrigued.

Related: The 25 Trickiest Questions Apple Will Ask in a Job Interview

2. Don't summarize your resume

Don't waste a hiring manager's time by regurgitating all the info in your resume -- they don't need to read it twice. Instead, focus on your personal value and traits, why you're excited about the job or specific achievements you've had in the past.

3. Show off your knowledge of the company

The body of the letter should highlight the fact that you're not just looking for any job, but this particular job. You should prove that you have done your research and appreciate and admire what the company does. Researching their social media platforms, learning more about the challenges they are facing and understanding the culture of the organization are important parts of showing that you care about the company and are the best candidate.

4. Focus on the value you could bring to the company

Don't be modest! Managers are looking for someone who is going to make their jobs easier. So how, specifically, can can help the company overcome some of the obstacles it is facing (do your research)? Name a certain challenge and talk about how your experience has equipped you with the skills you need to overcome these issues.

5. Get the tone right

You want to be conversational, but you also want to make sure you're using the right tone for the company you're applying with. For instance, you might take a more casual, colloquial tone with a young startup and a more serious, professional tone with a larger corporation. Don't use slang and make sure your grammar and spelling are spot-on , but try to keep your language warm and engaging.

Related: Want to Work at a Startup? Here Is How.

6. Use some numbers

You'll definitely want to avoid vague statements and hyperbole, but you'll score extra points if you can include some stats on how you have impacted companies or associations that you've been employed with in the past. Employers love to see the tangible effect new hires could have on their company. It also shows them that you know what you're doing and they won't experience a steep learning curve with you.

The best cover letters are the ones that show you care about standing out to the hiring manager . Be memorable and explain what makes you unique and you'll score an interview in no time.

Founder and director of growth at Digitalux

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