what is english essay in css

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English Essay (CSS 2024)

English Essay Syllabus for CSS 2024

Candidates will be required to write one or more Essay in English. A wide choice of topics will be given. Candidates are expected to reflect comprehensive and research based knowledge on a selected topic. Candidate’s articulation, expression and technical treatment of the style of English Essay writing will be examined.

English Essay: CSS Past Papers Analysis

Environment

Truth and reason, morality/ principles.

I constructed my essay deriving my arguments from several discourses, i.e. (Politics, economics, society, philosophy, strategy, literature, science, religion, etc.). In my opinion, even an issue-based essay should be developed on creative lines. For that, candidates should also practice literary and abstract essays during the preparation phase. Furthermore, I never delved into the technicalities of the structure of essay. I believe writing comes naturally. Atif Ameer (PSP) 2nd in Pakistan, CSS 2018-19 (Essay Marks 52)

Global Issues & International Relations

Science and technology.

For English essay, I used to make outlines and practice paragraph writing. The key strategy in attempting an essay is to write it in simple, logical, coherent and precise way. One should refrain from using long sentences, jargons and difficult expressions. Furthermore, in order to avoid incoherence and jumps between essay paragraphs and outline, I left first two sheets of answer sheet for final outline, which I only wrote, once I was done writing essay. Aamina Ihsan (PAS) 18th in Pakistan, CSS 2018-19 (Essay Marks 48)

War/ Peace/ Globalization

Democracy/ governance/ administration / crisis / tourism.

My essay followed a fixed trajectory: Introduction (Opening + Thesis Statement) – Context – Exposition – Authority – Analysis – Conclusion. This allowed me to present my arguments clearly and coherently. When you practice, read your essay and try to see it from an examiner’s perspective. If it is too text-intensive, boring, long and redundant, , or even the argument you made is not clear, you will not get good marks. Mohammad Murtaza (PAS), 3rd in Pakistan, CSS 2017 (Essay Marks 45)

National Integration

Bureaucracy.

The Essay paper for CSS 2017 was somewhat out of the box. Despite that, I had complete control on my nerves and great confidence in my writing skills. I chose the topic “Is colonial mentality impeding the progress of Pakistan?” I supported this stance. First, I brainstormed and then wrote an outline on a rough page. Then, I presented it on the answer sheet in an impressive way so as to facilitate the examiner. I wrote almost twenty arguments or paragraphs to prove my stance. The language I used was simple yet flawless. Syed Fazul Shah (PSP), 3rd in Balochistan, CSS 2017-18 (Essay Marks 44)

Poverty/ Progress

Justice/ rule of law.

The essay which I attempted was argumentative in nature. So, I tried my best to follow the structure of such essays. I introduced the topic by giving a brief overview of the points I would be discussing; presented some examples from history, contemporary world and Pakistan; highlighted some counter arguments against the mentioned examples and re-countered them to justify my point, and concluded the topic with summing up all the arguments and justifications I had given in the body of the essay. Nawab Sameer Hussain Laghari (PAS), 2nd in Sindh, CSS-2016-17 (Essay Marks 45)

United Nations

Women/ gender, accountability/ corruption.

Essay is the most difficult thing in CSS, and, perhaps, rightly so. There are numerous ways to write it but the key is to understand the topic and giving sound arguments in grammatically correct English. Muhammad Murad (PSP), 7th in Pakistan, CSS 2017 (Essay Marks 60)

Nationalism/ Minorities

Management/ life/ discipline / ideology.

Structure and coherence make the key to success in the essay paper. I avoided verbosity and instead ensured I had understood the idea well. I also placed a lot of emphasis on the overall structure of the essay, making sure my paragraphs were coherent, sentences were well structured and the overall flow of the ideas was good. Muhammad Abrahim Shah (PAS) 3rd in Pakistan, CSS 2018-19 (Marks 61)

Nuclear Politics

Art/ literature/ poetry, literary/ philosophy, diversity/ freedom.

Essay is the very paper most aspirants fail. Reason? Lack of practice! Most aspirants know the reason but still they do not practice. If one cannot practice a long essay daily, one should write, at least, outline, introduction and conclusion daily, and practice a long essay once or twice a week. I did the same and when I sat to structure my essay, I did not face any problem in generating ideas and structuring them instantly. Bakhtiar Ismail (PAS), 1st in Balochistan, CSS 2017-18 (Essay Marks 66)

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Current affairs (css 2023), islamic studies (css 2023), general science and ability (css 2022), english precis and composition (css 2023), pakistan affairs (css 2023).

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CSS English (Precis and Composition) Past Papers

Download css past papers for compulsory subject english precis & composition from 2000 to 2015 updated. | for more past papers please explore the past papers section..

CSS English (Precis and Composition) Past Papers are a crucial resource for candidates preparing for the CSS exams, which are pivotal in securing positions within Pakistan’s civil services . This section of the examination tests candidates on their ability to understand and analyze English passages, as well as their proficiency in composition and grammar. It challenges aspirants to demonstrate clarity, conciseness, and effectiveness in their English writing skills, underscoring the importance of precise communication in the administrative functions of the government.

The past papers provide invaluable insight into the pattern, difficulty level, and types of questions that have been asked over the years. By studying these papers, candidates can familiarize themselves with the examination’s format, hone their skills in precis writing , comprehension, and essay writing, and thus significantly improve their chances of success. Furthermore, practicing with past papers helps in time management, a critical aspect of the exam. This resource is indispensable for anyone aiming to excel in the CSS English (Precis and Composition) exam, offering a benchmark to gauge one’s preparation and areas needing improvement.

CSS English (Precis & Composition) Past Papers

English (precis & composition) 2000, english (precis & composition) 2001, english (precis & composition) 2002, english (precis & composition) 2003, english (precis & composition) 2004, english (precis & composition) 2005, english (precis & composition) 2006, english (precis & composition) 2007, english (precis & composition) 2008, english (precis & composition) 2009, english (precis & composition) 2010, english (precis & composition) 2011, english (precis & composition) 2012, english (precis & composition) 2013, english (precis & composition) 2014, english (precis & composition) 2015, english (precis & composition) 2016, english (precis & composition) 2017, english (precis & composition) 2018, english (precis & composition) 2019, english (precis & composition) 2020, english (precis & composition) 2021, english (precis & composition) 2022, english (precis & composition) 2023, english (precis & composition) 2024, please review, search book.

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Css essay syllabus, past papers.

CSS | Syllabus | Past Papers | Solved Papers | Preparation | MCQs  

CSS ESSAY PAST PAPERS 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020  | 2021

SYLLABUS: ESSAY (COMPULSORY)

Total Marks: 100 Time Allowed: 3 hours

Candidates will be required to write one or more Essay in English. A wide choice of topics will be given.

Candidates are expected to reflect comprehensive and research based knowledge on a selected topic. Candidate’s articulation, expression and technical treatment of the style of English Essay writing will be examined.

Pakistan | FPSC | CSS | NTS | Federal Board | MCQs |  Urdu

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Application Requirements

Applicants are required to complete an application including an application form, an essay or essays, two letters of recommendation, transcripts from all post-secondary courses of study, test scores, and an application fee. A checklist and additional information are included below.

Application Checklist

Transcripts GMAT or GRE Scores English Equivalency Exam Essay Recommendations Research Paper (DRO only, Optional)   Application Fee

Transcripts

A Bachelors degree or the equivalent (i.e., a four-year course of study in an accredited college or university) is required for admission. A Masters degree is not required, although some applicants have a Masters degree. Superior academic performance is expected.

GMAT or GRE Scores

Note: gre/gmat scores are optional for dro phd applicants.

Applicants may take either the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT), but scores from one are required. Test scores should be input into the appropriate section of the application. Admitted students will be asked to submit an official copy if there is not one on record. Decisions are not binding until these materials have been received.

• The GRE is administered by Educational Testing Service at numerous centers throughout the United States and abroad.
• Further information about the GMAT is available from the Graduate Management Admissions Council (GMAC) .
• Test scores are only one of many factors that are considered when the School makes admission decisions and there is no minimum score that must be met in order to apply.

English Equivalency Exam

Applicants from abroad must also take either the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the IELTS unless they received a degree from an institution where English was the language of instruction.

The Accounting Division is interested in your reasons for pursuing doctoral studies. Please describe them in an essay that is fewer than 1000 words.

Decision, Risk, and Operations

The Decision, Risk and Operations Division is interested in your reasons for pursuing doctoral studies. Please describe them in an essay that is fewer than 1000 words.

Essay Instructions: The Admissions Committee is interested in your reasons for pursuing doctoral study. In an essay no longer than 1000 words, please describe your educational goals, research interests, and professional objectives. If you have already formulated plans for dissertation-level research, please describe them as specifically as possible. Additionally, please describe the academic and/or professional achievements that have contributed most to your development and the formation of your goals and interests.

The Management Division is interested in your reasons for pursuing doctoral studies. Please describe them in an essay that is fewer than 1000 words. and indicate the subarea to which you are applying (Organizational Behavior, Strategy, Organizational Theory).

The Marketing Division is interested in your reasons for pursuing doctoral studies. Please describe them in an essay that is fewer than 1000 words in length and indicate the subarea (consumer behavior or quantitative modelling) that seems like the best fit for you, given your background. Note that your selection at this time is not binding. In fact, our PhD program has a set of core classes that all students take regardless of the subarea you indicate in your application and you are free to work on any marketing-related topics using the most appropriate methodologies.

Recommendations

Two letters of recommendation are required. However, a total of four may be submitted.

Research Paper (DRO Only, Optional)

Applicants to the Decision, Risk, and Operations Division are encouraged to submit up to two research papers as part of their application, if they have them. The application form provides the option to submit research papers under Essays.

Application Fee

An application fee of US$100 must be submitted with your application. An application is not considered complete until the fee has been paid.

Fee waivers are available to active duty US military personnel, and members of the Peace Corps, Teach for America, Teach for China, or Teach for India who are currently in service. Applicants who qualify for a fee waiver should email a fee waiver request, as well as proof of service, to [email protected] .

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How To Prepare For The CSS Exam

Written By Saud Alam Khan       Dec 24, 2021

As we gear up for the next chapter in the CSS examinations, hoping that 2022 will bring with it good news on the Covid front, we thought it best to give our yearly run through of what the examination process is and how you, as an aspiring civil servant, can aim to top this prestigious assessment.

How to prepare for the CSS exam?

But where does one even start their CSS test preparation for a curriculum as spread out and diverse as life in the sea? Well, first things first, you need to know exactly what the CSS exam is, whether or not you can even apply, what subjects you can choose, and which ones you don’t have a choice in.

Once you understand all of that, you need to look into marking criteria, reading lists, study schedules, mock exams, and of course, seek help from your peers and colleagues who have been through the process already.

If that sounds like a handful to go at alone, rest assured. We’ll be your constant companion through all things exam-related, with a wide range of valuable tips and tricks on how to prepare for the CSS exams.

So let’s break it all down into small, digestible pieces.

What is the CSS exam?

The Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) conducts its examinations each year to recruit the best candidates for one of 12 of their service groups, based on merit. There are broadly speaking five sections to the CSS exam:

• Screening Test
• Written Exam
• Medical Test
• Psychological Test

The Introduction of the MPT CSS Screening Test 

The Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) has its first-ever MCQ-Based Preliminary Test (MPT). The date is 20th February in the year 2022, which is a Sunday.

It is required to qualify MPT for recruitment in the main written CSS Competitive Examination, 2022. These include posts in BS-17 in twelve Occupational Groups/Services of the Federal Government. The MPT CSS Screening Test is likely to be held at the following centers, including but not limited to Abbottabad, Bahawalpur, Gujranwala, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, and more. Since it has less weightage than the CSS examination and is for 200 marks, it is essentially a gauge for the official exam, it only consists of the Compulsory Subjects and Urdu.

CSS Examination Subjects

While passing all five sections is crucial to becoming a member of the CSS, we will focus more on the written component because that’s what you’re here for. The 1200 marks reserved for the written exam are broken down into 12 subjects.

There are six CSS compulsory subjects for the CSS examination. Below are the subjects and the marks breakdown:

Below are the CSS Optional Subjects

• CSS Exam Preparation: Content Strategy

Download CSS Syllabus

The first step in preparing for the CSS is downloading the syllabus, of course. Click here to check out the link to the syllabus and download it before you start your CSS online preparation. 

First things first, do not forget to register for your exam! Registrations for the CSS exam typically open between the 1st and 31st of October.

Screening Test Preparation

The screening test may be new and seem daunting, but it does not have to be! Remember, the syllabus is the same for CSS, and you need to pass the test to qualify for the CSS written exam. It should not be so taxing if you put in the right amount of effort. The screening test is an MCQ-Based Preliminary Test (MPT). Since it will be more general than the CSS test, you should focus on the breath of the syllabus rather than specific topics. Each subject will have lesser weightage than the exam, which is good news for some, but this also means that you can not leave behind specific issues or topics as you would in the CSS exam. The screening test is also good preparation for the CSS exam, so that might benefit you as you will have to revise a large chunk of the CSS syllabus before sitting for the exam. Don't forget, your score in the screening test is not of relevance as long as you pass the test. You can sit easy once you pass, I promise!

Start preparation from Compulsory subjects.

No one preparation strategy trumps all others, but a good way to start, if it works for you, is to start preparing from the compulsory subjects first. The reason for this is that they generally have more weightage, are more consequential in your future career, and have more analytical and intelligent questions in the scheme and the exam. This means you should make notes, revise and prepare from the CSS past papers for these subjects first or more than the other subjects and learn from them. 

CSS English Preparation – English Essay: Tips and Tricks

Precis writing:.

The precis writing section might arguably be the most crucial in the CSS English preparation for the precis. In this section, you will be given a combination of a few sentences or short paragraphs. You will then be expected to provide a brief, concise, and to-the-point summary of the section, along with a title. Your summary should not exceed 120 words and needs to mirror the information provided to you in the paragraphs. For this, you should attempt past papers and read through newspaper articles, writing summaries of the same format for them. 

Comprehension:

Again, you may be given a piece and be asked to dissent it, draw out the main points, or emphasize the author’s intent or meaning of the paragraph. This point is relatively self-explanatory. Same as above, a great way to prepare would be to practice past papers and read through newspaper articles, write summaries, or answer questions of the same format for them. 

Sentence correction:

In this section, it is essential to be wary of the mistakes you need to identify for the sentence correction section. These include identifying faulty parts of speech, subject-verb agreement, punctuation, repetition, and modifiers. If you are careful about these errors and can appropriately point them out, you can excel in the section. A great way to do that is to go through the practice papers and read up on as much English language as possible. This includes books, newspapers articles, magazines, and T.V. shows.

Translation and idioms:

In this section, you need to translate a passage effectively. How you go about doing this is the same as above, past paper practice and newspapers for multiple languages. You will need to read Urdu and English newspapers for those. Another great way is to watch T.V. shows and movies. It would be best to run through the commonly asked expressions for the CSS examination for idioms. You need to be able to remember them.

How to write an excellent essay?

It takes a lot to write a good essay. But as a general rule of thumb, you first need to improve at the foundational level. This includes being able to read and write regularly and frequently. After this, you need to think, comprehend and analyze the prompt in front of you critically. If you understand what is being asked of you, you will better write an excellent essay. Again, it is always a tremendous help to go through previous years’ CSS past papers to get a good idea of what the prompts look like and what an ideal or high-scoring essay looks like.

General Science and Ability:

Current affairs:.

The current affairs section of the CSS is divided into three broad topics: Pakistan domestic affairs, Pakistan external affairs, and general issues. 

Pakistan’s domestic affairs can be divided into the political section covering the history of Pakistan democracy in Pakistan regimes, the constitution, and amendments. Then there is the economic section which covers sectors in Pakistan, the current financial state trade, and the future of Pakistan in terms of its economy. The social area looks at social issues and concerns in terms of development. This includes homelessness, terrorism, extremism, incoming social violence, and gender-related developmental strategies. In the second broad topic, Pakistan’s external affairs to delve into Pakistan’s relationships with its neighbors, the Muslim world, Pakistan’s relationship with the United States, and finally, with regional and international organizations. The third part relates to global issues, including human rights problems, environmental issues, terrorism, nuclear security, competition, MDG’s, globalization,, and other issues.

Pakistan affairs:

The Pakistan affairs section in the CSS exam focuses on pre-partition era and post partition era Pakistan. This includes historical movements, political ideologies, and future international relationships. The topics include but are not limited to the ideology of Pakistan, economic corporation, Palestine issue, security dynamics, foreign policy, Kashmir issue, proxy wars, and social problems in Pakistan with strategies to deal with them.

Islamic studies OR comparative study of major religions (For non-muslims):

In terms of Islamic studies, we go into the introduction and historical background of Islamic concepts of religion, the life of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), the five pillars of Islam, contemporary movements and so on.

In the comparative study of major religions, we first go into the introduction of religion, from a theological and academic perspective. Then we study various perspectives of Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity And Islam.

CSS Preparation Guidelines (CSS Preparation Tips)

1.smart selection of optional subjects (choose optional subjects wisely).

Selecting your optional subjects wisely can give you a significant edge in the exam. If you are puzzled by the sheer number of options you have, break the process down into smaller steps. Ask yourself: 

• What subjects have you studied before, and cross out all those subjects you have not?
• Then refer to the syllabi for the remaining subjects and see which ones substantially overlap in the topics being discussed.
• For example, suppose you are appearing for Political Science. In that case, you may also want to opt for Constitutional or International Law because some concepts covered in both will be the same.

2. Collect the material

Now that you have narrowed down your subjects to a few options, you can consult their respective marking schema and scoring statistics for previous CSS exams so you have an idea of how well others scored in your chosen areas. 

The FPSC’s annual reports are an excellent resource in this regard, with detailed statistics available for viewing and comments from examiners regarding candidates’ performance.

Last but certainly not least, consult your seniors who have successfully passed the CSS exam and take their advice on the subjects you have shortlisted. Several CSS online preparation courses are available on our website to offer further guidance.

How to Plan Out Your Schedule: Start Slow But Maintain the Steadiness

This is the question on everyone’s mind when they appear for the CSS exams. With a vast syllabus that has no defined boundaries and multiple subjects with multiple exams to tend to, it is no easy task to study for.

However, luckily our team of counselors and teachers is geared up and ready to take you to the finish line, with invaluable advice and instruction.

Importance of self-study for the preparation of CSS exam at home:

Here we will go over just how important a good self-study schedule is for preparing for the CSS examination, along with study tips and tricks on preparing for the CSS exam at home from zero. It is imperative to be self-sufficient when studying for the CSS. The time spent studying on your own generally involves active learning and being deeply involved in memorizing essential points for the CSS examination.

Time Management in CSS Preparation: Try to Manage Time and Stress

Make sure you have at least six months to start your preparation. We understand this may not always be possible, and we can certainly help you pass the CSS exam even if you’re short on time, but a little planning will go a long way!

Make and Achieve your Daily targets & Practice Writing on a Daily Basis

Always make sure the chunks of work you assign yourself daily are manageable and broken into pointers. This will keep your motivation levels high and ensure you complete a reasonable amount of work every day. 

Keep an Eye on Current Happenings:

• Read books, novels, newspapers, and journals in English EVERY DAY! 92% of applicants fail in the English Essay section, so no matter how good your command over English is, please do not take the subject lightly!

Books for CSS preparation:

Here’s a recommended reading list of CSS course books to start with:

• Why Nations Fail (2012) by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson
• Pakistan: A Hard Country (2012) by Anatol Lieven
• 21 Lessons for the 21st Century (2018) by Yuval Noah Harari
• Acing CSS (2018) by Bilal Zahoor

*See the FPSC recommended reading list for more!

Focus on your Writing Skills:

Write, write and write! There’s no shortcut when starting your CSS exam preparation. Last-minute revisions will not do. You have to jot down whatever you learn for the CSS exam, facts and figures or opinions.

Make your OWN Notes for CSS:

Make concise notes for revision, using just keywords, and make flashcards. Reflect on every concept you learn in terms of possible issues and solutions to them!

Keep up to date with current affairs both in Pakistan and outside. Think, reflect and write down your thoughts on critical issues being raised in the media around you; climate change, Israeli incursions in Palestine, the future of A.I. in governance, to name a few.

Work Hard, But Smart:

The CSS exam requires a collaborative effort. Study with your peers, have discussions with your seniors and of course, if you want to do either of those on your own time and with your convenience in mind, send the NearPeer CSS team a text.

Take Help From Past Papers:

You need to also go through the archives and make sure you revise the CSS past papers thoroughly. The CSS past papers will give you actual exam practice and help you with memory and time management. It is an integral part of your CSS preparation. 

Maintain a Healthy lifestyle:

It is also crucial not to put your health aside. It is imperative to take care of your mental and physical health. Take time to check in with yourself and see how you’re feeling. Don’t drain yourself by not sleeping or eating properly, and check out these simple exercises for managing stress and anxiety levels. This is also a vital part of your CSS exam preparation; learning how to handle pressure.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can i pass the css exam.

The simple answer is yes, you can. However, it depends significantly on the time you have available to study, the resources you can access, whether online or in-person,, and how much effort you are willing to put in. You can better judge this question by first finding out everything you’ll need to do for your CSS exam preparation and then working out if it is possible for you.

Is the CSS Exam challenging?

Given the low number of passing candidates and the highly competitive nature of the exam, yes, it can be seen as quite challenging. However, as with any other test, the CSS exam is also doable for anyone who sets their mind to it.

Should I start a job or prepare for the CSS exam?

Why not both? One significant pro of the CSS exams is that you can dedicate six or more months of regular study to it and manage a job alongside your preparation schedule. The trick is to find the right job. Ideally, you’re looking for either a part-time position or a job that allows you time and space to do other things. Depending on your qualifications, you could consider teaching, content writing, or freelance work, just as an example.

When should I start preparing for the CSS exam?

There’s no short answer. Much of it depends on how much time you can dedicate per day and how much knowledge of the content you already have from your studies. Starting six months in advance is a safe bet, though.

Do we need a study partner for our CSS exam preparation?

Absolutely. It would be best if you were looking to study alongside your peers appearing in the same year as you, possibly with the same choices in optional subjects. Discussing the exam topics is key to improving your understanding, and you can learn valuable lessons from those who have already taken an attempt previously. It is also a good idea to join relevant forums and keep up-to-date on the current happenings in the world of CSS.

Which time is better to study?

Of course, the best time to study for the CSS depends on you. Some people prefer to study at night while others feel more productive during the day. It all matters on your schedule and when you think you are more fresh and open to learning, revising, and preparing for questions. 

How to prepare for any subject in 15 days? 

This can only be possible if you have a reasonable timeline sorted out. You can scroll upwards for more information on that, but it is possible with the right amount of intelligent learning, discipline, and determination to follow a reasonable timeline. 

How much time should be given to study daily?

Again, the amount of time to study for the CSS depends on you, of course. Some people prefer to review for 12 hours, while others feel it is achieved in 4 hours. We are all different as humans, and it all matters on your individual needs and how much time you think you need to learn, revise, and prepare for questions productively. 

Do I have the capability to take the CSS exam?

As long as you have the drive to do the work involved in studying for the CSS exam, you can take the CSS exam. If you follow the advice, tips, tricks, and other helpful features that this article provides, there is no reason why you should not be able to take the CSS exam. 

Where to prepare CSS current affairs paper?

Nearpeer offers a CSS course on every subject the CSS exam offers. Click here to access the current affairs section in NearPeer’s online catalog of excess affordable, high-quality and engaging educational content.

Why do people fail after so much hard work?

There may be a variety of reasons for this, and every person is different, so it is difficult to pinpoint one or two reasons, but a lot of it has to do with studying hard but not smart. This article is an excellent example of studying smart, using hacks, tips, and tricks to learn as much as you can and as efficiently as you can in a short period, and getting a great score on the CSS exam.

What is the best way to crack the Civil Services Exam?

As I have stated above, each person is different, which is why a different strategy would apply to each person, but a great way to crack the CSS exam is to follow the tips and tricks mentioned above and study smart.

Is an ACCA qualified person eligible for the CSS exam in Pakistan?

Anyone who has done their bachelor’s level or equivalent degree can be eligible for the CSS exam if they fall within the age requirement.

Which field is best for CSS?

There is no correct answer to this question. Each of the service groups offered by the CSS is unique and important in its ways, and you do not need to be from any particular background to access any of these fields. Your merit matters more.

Can I do CSS on the first attempt?

Definitely! Anyone can do their CSS in their first attempt. Studying efficiently, appropriately and using the right resources is essential. In that sense, anyone can do the CSS in the first attempt, using the advice mentioned above.

Should I join an academy for CSS?

Many people are moving away from academies for CSS for a variety of reasons. In short, it is seen that academies are expensive, have a lot of travel costs, and you may not be able to study comfortably. This is why NearPeer exists. You can access online courses for CSS at your own pace, time, convenience, and reasonable and low discounted rates.

Are 4 Months enough for CSS?

Four months is more than enough time for the CSS as long as you are committed, dedicated, disciplined, and able to study with the right resources.

How do I start CSS (civil services of Pakistan) preparation from the beginning? I am currently doing a bachelor’s.

First of all, you need to make a timeline for yourself. After that, make sure you have access to the right resources for studying for the CSS in preparation. Then you need to make sure that you follow through with the timeline and have enough time to revise. Not to worry, many people start studying a little later and still end up with high scores.

How much time is enough to top the CSS exam in Pakistan?

As I have stated above, no one specific timeline will guarantee that you get the highest score. It depends upon you.

Should I leave my job while studying for the Central Superior Services (CSS) exam in Pakistan?

This is something that I think you need to figure out on your own. If your family can support you financially, and your job is too high-energy or draining, then it might be helpful for you to leave it and focus only on the CSS. But if, for example, you are a breadwinner, Then you may need to work part-time or be able to manage your studies with your job.

Which are the best free online sites for CSS Pakistan preparation?

The best example is, of course, NearPeer. We offer high-quality CSS courses for low prices with the convenience of studying in your space. Check us out here!

What are the top websites to prepare for Pakistan’s CSS/PMS (G.K. / Current Affairs) exams?

NearPeer! We offer not just online lectures but also assessments and practice papers. We also have access to instructors’ live sessions and a portal where you can experience an in-person learning class while being in the comfort of your home.

Final Remarks

We hope this article has helped soothe your nerves regarding the CSS exams and priceless advice. A final note, though, for those of you who did not pass on their first attempt. Do not be discouraged by your initial result. You are even more likely to do better in your second and third (last) attempts than in your first. Last year’s batch topper, Maheen Hassan, was a repeat applicant, so have faith in yourself.

You can trust Nearpeer to stand by your side throughout the CSS season with the latest CSS news, classes, and support. Don’t forget, Nearpeer is here to help you with all your CSS troubles with our high-quality, online CSS classes , along with other courses . Competitors can not match. Check out our courses for our reasonable prices and exciting discounts. Stay informed with future CSS updates through Nearpeer Blogs and our social media handles, including our official Facebook and Instagram . If you need any guidance regarding CSS exam preparation, please feel free to reach out to our dedicated team of Nearpeer counselors over WhatsApp at 0311-1444734! Happy learning! We know how to prepare for the CSS exam the RIGHT way. And as always, happy learning!

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English Essay and Precis Course for Special CSS

• December 22, 2022
• Online Classes
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Are you looking to prepare English essays and precis papers for the Special CSS exam? Then, let’s join Sir Syed Kazim Ali to learn competitive English grammar thoroughly, understand how to make assertions, and support them with specific evidence to qualify for the Special CSS attempt!

Special CSS has proved a blessing for serious aspirants and for those who, by bad luck, did not make it. The age relaxation has been increased to 34 years, especially for the Special CSS. All of you know that qualifying for the CSS examination to step into Pakistan’s bureaucracy requires aspirants have a good command of English. The better the command of the subject, the better the chances of qualifying for it. Undoubtedly, CSS English papers move around English written communication skills and clarity of expression. But, English essay paper demands aspirants to write their ideas, thoughts, and viewpoints on the selected topic rather than reproducing sentences and paragraphs they cram from the newspapers. Thus, aspirants with better writing skills, analytical approaches, and knowledge can easily give their ideas a motion required to qualify for the paper. As far as the CSS precis paper is concerned, aspirants think that learning some grammar books and memorizing some error rules can help them qualify for this paper. So, they keep practising sentence corrections and grammar exercises from various books, which do not help them crack the paper in the examination. English, for sure, has dozens of cryptic grammatical rules, many of which the CSS examiner does not test. Without any doubt, the CSS precis papers are not set out to test grammar rules; they, instead, are set up to check the clarity of the written expression of an aspirant.

Without any doubt , writing is the primary tool that helps aspirants present their thoughts on the given topic on the exam paper. Therefore, cracking both English essays and precis papers demand aspirants must have a good command of English written communication skills. Regardless of the aspirants’ qualifications and how much knowledge they have from reading quality books, they quickly fail both papers if they do not know how to give their thoughts words grammatically correct, fluently, and coherently. It is a fact that even the most learned aspirants cannot understand the flow of coherent ideas and can make occasional errors – especially in essays and precis papers – and that is where Sir Syed Kazim Ali comes in. For years, he has been the best CSS English teacher in Pakistan, with the highest success rate of his students.

About the course

Sir Syed Kazim Ali has introduced a special course English Essay and Precis Course for CSS Special . This course is specially designed for aspirants who have planned to take the Special CSS and want to dive deep to grip English writing skills, including English grammar, essay writing, precis writing, and communication skills from basic to advanced levels. It is a perfect course if your level is between beginner and intermediate, and it helps you identify your strengths and weaknesses. So, whether you’re looking for your write-up evaluation or extensive coaching to take your writing skills to the next level to qualify for a competitive exam in Pakistan, Sir Syed Kazim Ali has an English language program to suit your needs.

Although hundreds of aspirants want to join Sir Kazim for their English papers preparation monthly, the available seats are only 50. To secure admission to the course, aspirants must submit an online form and a paragraph on the given topics. As you know, getting admission in a course introduced by Sir Kazim has always been challenging; your entry is strictly based on paragraph writing.

Here, You will Find the Following:

• ✓ Course Details
• ✓ What will you learn?
• ✓ How to register for the course?

Studying Competitive English with Sir Syed Kazim Ali Always Makes A Difference

Contact Mam Zaineb at WhatsApp 0300-6322446 & Get Your Seat Reserved Now.

Course Details

What will you learn in this course?

• ✓ Grammar and Language Focus
• ✓ Synonyms and Antonyms
• ✓ Vocabulary Usage
• ✓ Tenses, Voices, Narration
• ✓ Sentence Correction
• ✓ Punctuation and Translation
• ✓ Paragraphs Writing
• ✓ 20-Marks Question Attempting
• ✓ Precis Writing
• ✓ Comprehension
• ✓ Essays Writing

In this course, students learn grammar, precis, comprehension, 20-marks question attempting, and essay writing in detail. Moreover, students practice and get the last 10 years’ past papers evaluated individually by Sir. Each of the students is given individual time for his write-up evaluation Course Specialty

Course Syllabus Details

The following are the parts of the course that students cover in this session.

English Language Focus (Basics to Advanced)

• ✓ Grammar & Sentence Structuring
• ✓ Sentence Varieties & Sentence fragments
• ✓ Structural & Clauses Contraction
• ✓ Nouns and Pronouns
• ✓ Adjectives and Adverbs
• ✓ Comparisons and Degrees
• ✓ Modal Verbs and Their Usage
• ✓ Gerunds and Infinitives with Their Usage
• ✓ Conjunctions and Conjunctive Adverbs
• ✓ Structures after Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs
• ✓ Parts of Speech with Their Particular Usage
• ✓ Speeches: Narration and Voices
• ✓ Phrases and Clauses and Their Usage
• ✓ Misplaced Modifiers & Adjustments
• ✓ Faulty Parallelism & Adjustments
• ✓ Verbal Concepts, Errors & Usage
• ✓ Academic Diction, Mood & Tone
• ✓ Journalistic Diction, Mood & Tone
• ✓ Story Diction, Mood & Tone
• ✓ Articles, Demonstratives, Modifiers & Quantifiers Usage
• ✓ Punctuation & Punctuation Expressions
• ✓ Conditional (All Types – Rules, Errors, and Usage)
• ✓ Auxiliaries & Modals (Rules, Errors, and Usage)
• ✓ Prepositions (Rules, Errors, and Usage)
• ✓ Phrases & Clauses (Basic to Advanced)
• ✓ Advanced Usage of Phrases & Clauses
• ✓ Sentence Analysis, Transformation & Synthesis

Want to learn essays by Sir Kazim’s students?

If you are curious about how Sir Kazim’s students write essays and always qualify for the essay papers in the CSS and PMS examinations, let’s explore this section. Here you will find many essays written by Sir Kazim’s students who qualify for the paper and also learn how to attempt the essay paper.  Click to Land on CSS and PMS Solved Essays

Vocabulary In Focus

• ✓ 750 Modern Vocabulary Words (Appropriate Usage)
• ✓ 500 Plus Idioms & Phrases (Appropriate Usage)
• ✓ 500 Confusing Words (Appropriate Usage)
• ✓ 350 Phrasal Verbs (Appropriate Usage)
• ✓ 150 Proverbs (Appropriate Usage)
• ✓ 300 English Expressions (Appropriate Usage)
• ✓ 250 Smilies & Metaphors
• ✓ 200 Uncommon Words & Phrases
• ✓ 500 Most Used Synonyms
• ✓ 500 Most Used Antonyms
• ✓ 500 One-word Substitutions

Basics of the Wiring Process

• ✓ What is sentence structuring?
• ✓ What level of grammar do you need to start writing?
• ✓ How to use contemporary vocabulary appropriately?
• ✓ How to get focused & organize your thoughts?
• ✓ How do you get ideas & collect information?
• ✓ How to establish a thesis statement?
• ✓ How to write all comprehensive topic sentences?
• ✓ How to grab examiners’ attention?
• ✓ How to organize your thoughts coherently?
• ✓ How to write catchy titles and teasers?
• ✓ How to start and end a paragraph?

Elements of Paragraph Writing

• ✓ What is a paragraph?
• ✓ What is the writing process?
• ✓ What is a topic sentence?
• ✓ What is a stance, and how to take it?
• ✓ What is the way to support a stance?
• ✓ What is paragraph unity?
• ✓ How do we write coherently and relevantly?
• ✓ How to connect sentences and paragraphs?
• ✓ What are connection and transition words?
• ✓ What is the effective way of writing paragraphs?
• ✓ What are effective sentences, and how do write them?
• ✓ What is a narrative paragraph, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is a descriptive paragraph, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is an argumentative paragraph, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is a comparison paragraph, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is an exemplification paragraph, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is a cause-effect paragraph, and how to write it?

Essay Writing Process

• ✓ What is an essay?
• ✓ What is an outline?
• ✓ What is the thesis statement?
• ✓ How do we write a thesis statement with specific evidence?
• ✓ What is the topic sentence, and how to write it?
• ✓ What are unity and connectivity?
• ✓ How do we write introductory paragraphs?
• ✓ How do we write a coherent essay?
• ✓ What is a narrative essay, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is a descriptive essay, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is an argumentative essay, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is a comparison essay, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is an exemplification essay, and how to write it?
• ✓ What is a cause-effect essay, and how to write it?

Precis and Comprehension

• ✓ Introduction to precis writing
• ✓ Elements of a good precis
• ✓ Requirements of a good precis
• ✓ Putting the titles of a good precis
• ✓ The uses of tenses in precis writing
• ✓ Last ten years solved precis
• ✓ 30 precis writing exercises by Sir Kazim
• ✓ Introduction to comprehension
• ✓ Elements of a comprehension
• ✓ Requirements for a good comprehension
• ✓ The writing process of a comprehension
• ✓ The last ten years solved comprehension
• ✓ 30 comprehension practice by Sir Kazim

How to join the course?

• ✓ Each interested student has to fill out an online form on the Howfiv website, let’s click on the Contact Mentor .
• ✓ Fill in the fields (Fields with stars are mandatory to fill)
• ✓ Select CSS, PMS English Essay & Precis Course in the field of “What do you want to learn”.
• ✓ Select Batch Coaching.
• ✓ Write a 100 to 300 words paragraph on any of the given questions “ Why do I want to learn English ” or “ Why do I want to take CSS, PMS exam(s)? in the message box
• ✓ When done with paragraph writing, submit your form.
• ✓ The purpose of paragraph writing is to judge your level of English.
• ✓ If our e-system finds your paragraph suitable, it will email it to Sir Kazim, telling him where your English writing skills stand.
• ✓ Within 2 days (sometimes 4 to 5 working days), a representative will approach you on the given WhatsApp number.
• ✓ If your writing skills are of intermediate level (F.Sc. level), the admin calls you for complete registration.
• ✓ If selected, the representative will send you the Zoom link and ID for your first Online Class with Sir Kazim.
• ✓ Congratulations! You have stepped into your desired course.
• ✓ Contact Sir Kazim’s assistants on WhatsApp at 0332-6105842 or 0300-6322446 in case of any difficulty or seek more information about Online Courses.

Interested in knowing how Sir Kazim’s students write?

If you are interested in knowing how Sir Kazim’s students give their ideas and thoughts words, let’s explore this section. Here you will find hundreds of articles and solved CSS and PMS past papers question by those students who scored the highest marks in their compulsory and optional subjects because of their writing skills.  Click to Land on CSS Solved Past Papers

Best Online Course In Pakistan

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Founder:   Syed Kazim Ali Founded:  2020 Phone: +92-332-6105-842 +92-300-6322-446 Email:  [email protected] Students Served:  10 Million Daily Learners:  50,000 Offered Courses: Visit Courses  

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Guest Essay

In Venezuela, a Suspicious Win for the Strongmen

By Michael Albertus

Mr. Albertus is a professor of political science at the University of Chicago.

In what appears to be a deeply unfair election riddled with irregularities, Venezuela’s authoritarian president, Nicolás Maduro, seems to have survived once again. The outcome, which is already facing challenges and unrest that could grow in the coming days, is not just a disappointment for the opposition and the millions of Venezuelans yearning for democratic change. The election was a crucial test of the durability of the new brand of authoritarianism gripping the Americas — and it has proved that the movement may not fade away anytime soon.

Across the Western Hemisphere, democracy is being snuffed out or seriously challenged. Over the past 20 years, Venezuela, Nicaragua and El Salvador have slid into dictatorships. In late 2022, Peru’s president sought to dissolve its legislature, although he landed in jail. Guatemala had a close call last year, with the attorney general’s office attempting to prevent a peaceful transition of power. And it remains to be seen whether Mexico’s recently elected president, Claudia Sheinbaum, will continue the erosion of democratic checks and balances that her predecessor began.

It’s not a universally grim picture. Elsewhere — in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and the United States — democracy is succeeding. But it is being tested as the opposition to pluralism and inclusion grows and social unrest and dissatisfaction with the government spread against a backdrop of stark inequality and institutional instability.

Venezuela’s election is a fulcrum moment for the Americas. Despite high turnout, there were numerous reports of voting irregularities, voter intimidation and problems at voting centers. Nevertheless, with 80 percent of the votes counted, the nation’s electoral council declared Mr. Maduro the winner with 51.2 percent of the vote compared with 44.2 percent for his main rival. Because officials at many voting centers refused to hand over paper copies of the vote tallies, the opposition had no concrete way to point to a different outcome.

If Mr. Maduro can ride out the postelection turmoil and remain in office another full term, it will be a green light to other budding autocrats in the region that they, too, can act with near impunity. Sham elections, human rights abuses and corruption could spread if there is not organized international pushback against them, while the voices of domestic constituencies are weakened by repression. The backsliding of democracy happened before: Many nascent democracies in Latin America collapsed during the Cold War only to be resurrected after its end.

So far, Mr. Maduro has done everything he can to cling to power. Before the election, his government barred the opposition’s most popular candidate from running for president, made it harder for millions of Venezuelans living abroad to vote and used state resources to dominate media coverage and run his campaign. He even tried to rebrand himself as more likable on social media to connect with voters who are too young to remember when Venezuela was a flourishing democracy.

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