Give, Eat, and Live: Poems of Avvaiyar TRANSLATED FROM THE TAMIL BY Thomas H. Pruiksma (Red Hen Press, 2009)
M oral instruction is one of poetry’s oldest functions, but it is often hard for modern poets to muster the confidence that earlier writers must have felt, both about their own wisdom and their position in society, to tell us how to live. So it can be startling to encounter an unknown work that speaks directly to us with this lost confidence. Here is a poem by the 12th century Tamil poet Avvaiyar, in Thomas H. Pruiksma’s beautiful translations of her short, aphoristic poems:
As long as they can, the wise help — p. 41 |
There is a sense of authority here usually found only in sacred texts. But unlike the other ancient Indian poets who have been translated into English — Kabir and Mirabai, for example — Avvaiyar’s work is not primarily devotional or mystical. These poems are plain and durable, suitable for everyday use. They deal with the basics: the body’s desires, dealing with adversity, how to spot a true friend.
A doctor who ends a tiger’s disease — p. 33 |
Very little is known about the woman who wrote these untitled, numbered poems — even her name, Avvaiyar, is only a polite way of saying “older woman,” and there is even an earlier Tamil poet who is given the same honorific.
The stories that exist about her life are apparently unreliable. One can learn a few things from reading the poems: she was clearly devout, well-traveled, and intimately acquainted with the natural world. She was also proud of her role as a poet, and her rare hints of ill-temper come when discussing “Idiots / without learning,” on whom knowledge and art are wasted. An ignorant man who learns a great poem, she writes, is like a turkey who sees a forest peacock and “spreads his ugly wings / And struts.”
Her warnings, it seems, have not scared many people away. The introduction tells us that “everyone in Tamil Nadu who can read has read her poems.” Children grow up learning the alphabet through her acrostic poems, and then move on to the quatrains translated in this book. Many adults, the translator tells us, never forget them — not just because of early training, I suspect, but because they are worth remembering. Unlike ossified precepts in English like “A friend in need is a friend indeed,” they retain their power to reach us, and grow with thought.
Look at the two poems quoted above, for example. You’ll notice that they appear to be recommending exactly contradictory courses of action. Should you try to help apparently bad people or not? If the poet’s only intention is to instruct children, she is not doing her job in straightforward fashion. Read the poems again, though, and the dissonance becomes more complex. A tree does not have a choice in granting people shade. Is the poet implying that wisdom consists in cultivating this higher indifference, this refusal to discriminate between individual merits, even in the face of the axe? Also, a tiger is not necessarily “doing wrong” by eating a person, but simply following its nature — who, then, is responsible for what occurs, the doctor or the tiger?
These reflections grow fruitfully as you absorb more of the verses. Since similar images, often from the natural world, fill many of Avvaiyar’s poems – the broken clay pitcher appears again, as well as other animals dangerous to man — constellations of opposing concepts, all vividly rendered, begin to interact with each other in the reader’s mind. Eventually I saw that Avvaiyar was not merely confused, but that, like all great artists, she was giving us tools to think about how to resolve these apparent contradictions, or exist happily between them. This is the same sort of education that collections of folklore once gave to the communities that created them: simple moral tales that are never outgrown because they are finally as profound as a person’s desire to think about them.
The water that runs from the well to the rice — p. 31 |
I do not know a single character of Tamil, so I cannot judge the accuracy of these translations. Pruiksma has, at least, a beautiful sense of where to break lines, and how to use a vocabulary that suits the era and culture of these poems — “upright,” for example, instead of “righteous,” which would have the wrong associations in English. And his lines have a purity and flow – the delicate assonance of “runs-rice-wayside,” in the poem above, that mirrors the movement of the water — which help place them quickly in the memory. Further, although this may seem like faint praise, Give, Eat, and Live is the only set of translations easily available in English. Since Avvaiyar strikes me as a poet of world stature, whose best verses merit a place beside the Tao Te Ching or the Dhammapada , Pruiksma deserves our thanks for giving her to us in any form at all.
The only possible complaint is that this is a slim collection which does not contain the totality of Avvaiyar’s work. If you subtract the facing Tamil pages, there are only about twenty pages of poetry. But Avvaiyar has already written a response to my petty concern:
Magnolias have large petals; honeysuckles, a sweet fragrance. — p. 31 |
AVVAIYAR is thought to have lived in the 12th century, but very little is known about her life. Among her works are the Atticuti, an alphabetical acrostic still used to teach children, and the quatrains in the Muturai and the Nalvali, which are translated in this collection.
THOMAS H. PRUIKSMA is a writer, poet, and translator from Seattle, Washington. His other books include A Feast for the Tongue: Forty Servings of Spoken Tamil with Helpings of Equally Spoken English, (co-authored with Dr. K.V. Ramakoti, Oberlin Shansi, 2002), and The Body and the Earth: Notes from a Conversation, (co-authored with the artist C.F. John). He currently lives on Vashon Island.
AKSHAY AHUJA grew up in New Delhi and Maryland. His writing has appeared or is forthcoming in Guernica, The Gettysburg Review, The Baltimore Review, and Ploughshares , among others. He lives in Boston and blogs occasionally at The Occasional Review .
Printed from Cerise Press: http://www.cerisepress.com
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பூஜ்ய ஸ்ரீ ஸ்ரீ ரவிசங்கர் அவர்களின் அருளுரை.
இந்த உலகில் கடவுளைத் தவிர வேறெதுவுமே இல்லை. கடவுள் என்னும் சொல்லைப் பயன்படுத்த விருப்பமில்லையெனில், ஆற்றல் அல்லது அறிவுத்திறம் என்று நீங்கள் கூறலாம். அனைத்திலும் படைப்பின் அடிப்படை உள்ளது. அது ஒன்று மட்டுமே; ஒரே சூரியன்தான், ஆனால் எந்த ஜன்னல் வழியாகவும் காண முடியும்.
பல தீர்க்கதரிசிகள் இவ்வுலகிற்கு வந்து மறைந்திருக்கின்றார்கள். அவர்கள் அனைவருமே ஜன்னல்கள் போலவே இருந்திருக்கின்றனர். எந்த ஜன்னல் வழியாகவும், நீங்கள் ஒரே சூரியனை, ஒரே வானத்தினைக் காணலாம். சுவற்றிற்குப் பின்னால் தெரியும் அதே வானம் ஜன்னல் வழியாகவும் தெரியும். இறைவன் அனைவரிடமும் உள்ளார். நாய்கள், பூனைகள், மரங்கள், இலைகள் மற்றும் எறும்புகளில் கூட, படைப்பின் எல்லாவற்றிலும் இறைவன் உள்ளார். ஜன்னல் வழியாகத் தெரியும் எதையும் நீங்கள் தவறவிட முடியாது ஏனெனில் ஜன்னல் வெளிப்படையானது. அது போன்று, அந்த அன்பும் அந்த மௌனமும் தவற விட முடியாதவை. அனைத்தும் ஒன்றே.
சொற்களின் நோக்கம் நாம் பயன்படுத்தும் அனைத்து சொற்கள் நாம் பேசும் பேச்சு, அனைத்தும், நமது இதயத்தில் அன்பையும் மௌனத்தையும் உருவாக்குவதற்குத்தான். நமது சொற்கள் மற்றவர்களின் மனதில் வேதனையை ஏற்படுத்துமானால், அந்த சொற்கள் உண்மையில் தங்களது பணியை சரியாக நிறைவேற்றவில்லை. அவை சரியான பாதையில் இல்லை.
நாம் எவ்வாறு இந்த இதய மௌனத்தினை அடைய முடியும்? நன்றியுடன் இருங்கள். அது கடினமானதாக இருந்தால், தியானம், சில சுவாச நுட்பங்கள், மனதை அமைதிப் படுத்தும் பயிற்சிகள் ஆகியவற்றைச் செய்யுங்கள். நீங்கள் முணுமுணுப்புடன் மகிழ்ச்சியின்றி இருக்கும்போது நீங்கள் நன்றியுடன் இருக்க முடியாது, அல்லவா? ஆனால் நீங்கள் அந்த நிலைமையைப் பற்றிய விழிப்புணர்வுடன் இருக்கலாம். அதுவே முதல் படி. மனம் முணுமுணுத்துக் கொண்டிருக்கும்போது அவ்வாறு செய்வதையே கூட, மனம் உணராமல் இருக்கலாம். முதல் படி அதைப் பற்றிய விழிப்புணர்வுடன் இருப்பது. அடுத்தது, உங்களிடம் இருப்பவை பற்றிய விழிப்புணர்வுடன் இருப்பது. அப்போது மனம் நன்றியில் நிறையும். பின்னர் அனைத்துக் குறைகளும் மறைந்து விடும். நீங்கள் மிக எளிமையாகவும், இயல்பாகவும், மிக்க அன்புடனும், விடுதலையுணர்வுள்ளவராகவும் ஆவீர்கள்.
கடவுளின் விளக்கம் என்ன? கடவுள் எங்கும் எல்லாவற்றிலும் நீக்கமற நிறைந்துள்ளவர் என்பதாகும். என்னிடம், உங்களிடம் அனைவரிடமும் நிறைந்துள்ளவர். ஆனால் மனம் அழுத்தமுற்று இருக்கும் போது கடவுளை உணர்ந்தறிய முடியாது. கண்ணாடி வெளிப்படையாக இல்லையெனில் , ஜன்னல்கள் திறக்கப் பட வில்லையெனில், சூரியனைக் காண முடியாது.
தியானம், சுவாச மற்றும் பிராணாயாமப் பயிற்சிகள் செய்வது மன ஜன்னல்களைச் சுத்தப் படுத்த, அனைத்து அழுத்தங்களையும் அகற்ற, மற்றும் நீங்கள் அற்புதமாக உணரப் பெரிதும் உதவும். உங்கள் மனதில் நன்றி விதைகளை விதைத்து, உங்களை மிக உயர்ந்த நிலையினை அடையச் செய்யும்.
In the Pathinenkilkanakku collection of books that arose in order to uphold righteousness, and in the moral books that followed them, the poets have expounded educational thoughts with interesting songs. Our forefathers have sung songs in Tamil texts even before western scholars have spoken about the importance of education. The kings of the Sangam age ruled the country with the help of learned men. An uneducated person, even if he had acquired a great deal of wealth, was treated with contempt. The authors of the moral books, who know the importance of education, have not only mentioned righteousness in their books but have also praised education in many songs. Thus, the songs of the poets of the moral book become the subject of study under the categories of merits of education, method of obtaining education, method of education, mode of expressing education, and the status of the unlearned.
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2022): Volume 3, Issue 4, Year 2022
DOI: 10.54392/ijot2243
Published 2022-11-11
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Education is one of the key components for an individual’s success. It has the ability to shape one’s life in the right direction. Education is a process of imparting or acquiring knowledge, and developing the powers of reasoning and judgement. It prepares growing children intellectually for a life with more mature understanding and sensitivity to issues surrounding them. It improves not only the personal life of the people but also their community. Thus, one cannot neglect the significance of Education in life and society. Here, we have provided an essay on the Importance of Education. Students can use this essay to prepare for their English exam or as a speech to participate in the school competition.
The importance of education in life is immense. It facilitates quality learning for people throughout their life. It inculcates knowledge, belief, skill, values and moral habits. It improves the way of living and raises the social and economic status of individuals. Education makes life better and more peaceful. It transforms the personality of individuals and makes them feel confident.
Well said by Nelson Mandela, “Education is the most powerful weapon to change the world”. To elaborate, it is the foundation of the society which brings economic wealth, social prosperity and political stability. It gives power to people to put their views and showcase their real potential. It strengthens democracy by providing citizens with the tools to participate in the governance process. It acts as an integrative force to foster social cohesion and national identity.
In India, education is a constitutional right of every citizen. So, people of any age group, religion, caste, creed and region are free to receive education. An educated person is respected everywhere and well-treated in society. As a kid, every child dreams of being a doctor, lawyer, engineer, actor, sportsperson, etc. These dreams can come true through education. So, investment in education gives the best return. Well-educated people have more opportunities to get a better job which makes them feel satisfied.
In schools, education is divided into different levels, i.e., preschool, primary, secondary and senior secondary. School education comprises traditional learning which provides students with theoretical knowledge. However, now various efforts are being made to establish inbuilt application-based learning by adding numerous experiments, practicals and extracurricular activities to the school curriculum. Students learn to read, write and represent their viewpoints in front of others. Also, in this era of digital Education, anyone can easily access information online at their fingertips. They can learn new skills and enhance their knowledge.
Education is evidently an important aspect that no government can ignore in order to ensure the equitable development of a nation. Unfortunately, some children still do not have access to education. The Government has thereby taken initiatives to improve education quality and made it accessible to everyone, especially the poor people.
The Government passed the Right to Education Act 2009 (RTE Act 2009) on 4 August 2009. This Act came into effect on 1 April 2010, following which education has become the fundamental right of every child in India. It provides free and compulsory elementary education to children of the age group of 6-14 years in a neighbourhood school within 1 km, up to Class 8 in India. On similar lines, there are other schemes launched by the government, such as Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan , Mid-Day Meal , Adult Education and Skill Development Scheme, National Means cum Merit Scholarship Scheme, National Program for Education of Girls at Elementary Education, Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya, Scheme for Infrastructure Development in Minority Institutions, Beti Bachao , Beti Padhao, etc.
For our country’s growth, we require a well-educated population equipped with the relevant knowledge, attitude and skills. This can be achieved by spreading awareness about the importance of Education in rural areas. There is a famous saying that “If we feed one person, we will eliminate his hunger for only one time. But, if we educate a person, we will change his entire life”. Henceforth he will become capable of earning a livelihood by himself.
This essay on the Importance of Education must have helped students to improve their writing section for the English exam. They can also practice essays on other topics by visiting the CBSE Essay page. Keep learning and stay tuned with BYJU’S for the latest updates on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams. Also, download the BYJU’S App for interactive study videos.
How can the literacy rate in india be increased.
People in rural areas must be informed about the importance of providing education to their children. Also, with the COVID-19 situation, the government should take steps by providing laptops/phones for children to follow online classes.
Although awareness has now improved, there are still many villages in India where girl children are not provided with proper education or allowed to enrol themselves in schools. This mentality has to change for the betterment of the society.
Extracurricular activities, moral value education, etc., are also as important as regular academic teachings.
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500 words essay on value of education.
Education is a weapon for the people by which they can live a high-quality life. Furthermore, education makes people easy to govern but at the same time it makes them impossible to be enslaved. Let us take a look at the incredible importance of education with this value of education essay.
Value Of Education Essay
Education makes people independent. Furthermore, it increases knowledge, strengthens the mind, and forms character. Moreover, education enables people to put their potentials to optimum use.
Education is also a type of reform for the human mind. Without education, the training of the human mind would always remain incomplete.
Education makes a person an efficient decision-maker and a right thinker. Moreover, this is possible only with the help of education. This is because education acquaints an individual with knowledge of the world around him and beyond, besides teaching the individual to be a better judge of the present.
A person that receives education shall have more avenues for the life of his choice. Moreover, an educated person will be able to make decisions in the best possible manner. This is why there is such a high demand for educated people over uneducated people for the purpose of employment .
Without education, a person would feel trapped. One can understand this by the example of a man who is confined to a closed room, completely shut from the outside world, with no way to exit it. Most noteworthy, an uneducated person can be compared to this confined man.
Education enables a person to access the open world. Furthermore, a person without education is unable to read and write. Consequently, a person without education would remain closed to all the knowledge and wisdom an educated person can gain from books and other mediums.
The literacy rate of India stands at around 60% in comparison to more than 80% literacy rate of the rest of the world. Moreover, the female literacy rate is 54.16% in accordance with the 2001 population census. These figures certainly highlight the massive problem of lack of education in India.
To promote education, the government of India takes it as a national policy. The intention of the government is to target the very cause of illiteracy. As such, the government endeavours to eradicate illiteracy, which in turn would lead to the eradication of poverty .
The government is running various literacy programmes like the free-education programme, weekend and part-time study programme, continuing education programme, mid-day meal programme, adult literacy programme, etc. With the consistent success rate of these programmes, hopefully, things will better.
Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas
Education is one of the most effective ways to make people better and more productive. It is a tool that can make people easy to lead but at the same time difficult to drive. Education removes naivety and ignorance from the people, leaving them aware, informed, and enlightened.
Question 1: What is the importance of education in our lives?
Answer 1: Having an education in a particular area helps people think, feel, and behave in a way that contributes to their success, and improves not only their personal satisfaction but also enhances their community. In addition, education develops the human personality and prepares people for life experiences.
Question 2: Explain the meaning of true education?
Answer 2: True education means going beyond earning degrees and bookish knowledge when it comes to learning. Furthermore, true education means inculcating a helping attitude, optimistic thinking, and moral values in students with the aim of bringing positive changes in society.
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Sept 20th | Paper-I: Essay | No Paper |
Sept 21th | Paper-II: General Studies-I | Paper-III: General Studies-II |
Sept 22th | Paper-IV: General Studies-III | Paper-V: General Studies-IV |
Sept 28th | Paper-A: Indian Language | Paper-B: English |
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மாற்றுக் கல்வி முறையில் (Alternative Education) கல்வி வேறு முறையில் கற்பிக்கப் படுகின்றது. எடுத்துக் காட்டாக, மாற்றுப் பள்ளிகள் (Alternative Schools), தானே ...
கல்வி (Importance of education in tamil) கல்விப் புரட்சி இலவசப் பள்ளிக் கல்வித் திட்டம்
Kalviyin Sirappu Katturai In Tamil சிறப்பு கட்டுரைகள் இந்த பதிவில் " கல்வியின் சிறப்பு கட்டுரை தமிழ் " பதிவை காணலாம்.
காலத்தால் அழிக்க முடியாத கல்வி செல்வத்தை பற்றிய கட்டுரை இது.
booksbylanguage_tamil; booksbylanguage Language Tamil Item Size 9386613. VALUE EDUCATION THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY. Addeddate 2019-04-17 03:16:34 Identifier VALUEEDUCATION. Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t1fk02342 Ocr language not currently OCRable Ppi 300 Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.6.4 ...
The importance of value education can be understood by looking at its advantages in terms of how it helps students grow physically and emotionally, teaches manners and fosters a sense of brotherhood, fosters a sense of patriotism, and fosters religious tolerance. "Value education" is the process through which people impart moral ideals to one ...
The Growth of Education inTamilNadu DOI: 10.9790/0837-2610076468 www.iosrjournals.org 65 |Page
Peace And Value Education In Tamil Christina P. Davis Values and Peace Education Dr. M. Soundararajan and Dr. R. Rajalakshmi, ... The contributions to this integrative collection of essays provide exactly these local and global ... Value Education And Education For Human Rights V.C. Pandey,2005 One of the fundamental goals of education is
Peace And Value Education In Tamil International Association of Educators for World Peace. Convention ... The contributions to this integrative collection of essays provide exactly these local and global ... Value Education In Schools Neerja Dhankar,2010-08-01 Study conducted in selected senior secondary level schools in
- Tamil Virtual Academy. Navigation. கல்வித் திட்டங்கள் தொடர்பு மையங்கள் ஒப்பந்தப் படிவம் கட்டண விவரங்கள் மாணவர் பதிவு தேர்வு முறை
தமிழ்நாட்டில் கல்வி எனும் இக்கட்டுரை இந்தியாவின் தமிழ்நாடு ...
கல்விக்கு மதிப்பு சேர்த்தல் (Value education in tamil) எட்டு வகையான செல்வம் (Ashtalakshmi in tamil) ... கல்வி (Importance of education in tamil) அமைதி (Peace in tamil)
Give, Eat, and Live: Poems of Avvaiyar. TRANSLATED FROM THE TAMIL. BY Thomas H. Pruiksma. (Red Hen Press, 2009) Moral instruction is one of poetry's oldest functions, but it is often hard for modern poets to muster the confidence that earlier writers must have felt, both about their own wisdom and their position in society, to tell us how to ...
கல்விக்கு மதிப்பு சேர்த்தல் பற்றி பூஜ்ய ஸ்ரீ ஸ்ரீ ரவிசங்கர் அவர்களின் அருளுரைValue education in tamil | value education in tamil | importance of value education | கல்விக்கு மதிப்பு சேர்த்தல்
Indian Journal of Tamil (IJOT) (E ISSN 2582-662X) is a peer-reviewed quarterly open access journal published in both Tamil and English, provides an international forum for the publication of language and linguistics researchers. IJOT is dedicated to publishing, clearly written an original article, review articles, conceptual articles and essays.
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Conclusion: Virtue of all his efforts and policy, during the tenure of Kamaraj, the percentage of school going children in the age group of 6 to 11 years increased from 45% to 75%. Boosted up the literacy rate from 7% to over 38% in Tamil Nadu region. It was considered as the first steps taken towards the universalization of primary education ...
தமிழ் கட்டுரைகள் (Tamil Katturaigal). Find tamil essays in tamil language at eluthu.com.
This essay explores the possibility that such foundations might be located within 1) virtue ethics, 2) consequentialist ethics, 3) aesthetic ethics, 4) conservative political ethics, and 5) the ...
பெறு Value Education பதில்கள் மற்றும் விரிவான தீர்வுகளுடன் கூடிய பல ...
Keetru - collection of tamil essays. கருணாநிதிக்கு ஒரு கடிதம்... பின் நவீனத்துவ ...
Importance of Education. The importance of education in life is immense. It facilitates quality learning for people throughout their life. It inculcates knowledge, belief, skill, values and moral habits. It improves the way of living and raises the social and economic status of individuals. Education makes life better and more peaceful.
Answer 2: True education means going beyond earning degrees and bookish knowledge when it comes to learning. Furthermore, true education means inculcating a helping attitude, optimistic thinking, and moral values in students with the aim of bringing positive changes in society. Share with friends.
Candidates who qualified the June prelims can participate. The CSE Mains includes essay, general studies, and optional subject papers, aiming to fill 1,056 vacancies, including 40 for PwBD candidates.