case study on cyclone class 9

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Class 9 SST Project Work On Disaster Management

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Disaster Management Project

As part of the CBSE 2024–25 syllabus, students are required to prepare and submit Class 9 Social Science projects on disaster management. Educart has created a special page filled with inspiring ideas for various parts of this project.

Here, you will find creative cover page designs, well-designed acknowledgment pages, and even complete project files (in video form) showcasing the top projects on disaster management from previous years.

Project Structure

The index, also called the Table of Contents, usually comes after acknowledgment. It contains the main heading of the topics arranged in a sequence. Here is an example for reference purpose.

Start your class 9 SST project on disaster management by providing a brief introduction and overview of disaster management. Define disaster followed by the definition of disaster management. Use the following reference to understand the meaning of disaster management, and write the intro part of the project.

https://www.undrr.org/terminology/disaster-management  

https://nidm.gov.in/PDF/Disaster_about.pdf  

https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/what-is-disaster-management/  

https://www.iwapublishing.com/news/disaster-management

Explain why disaster management is important given India’s diversified climatic conditions. Explain natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, droughts, etc.

https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/disaster-management-cycle/  

Write two different types of natural and man-made disasters, along with examples.  

3.1 Natural Disasters

Start with the definition—Natural hazards are environmental events that can affect societies and the human environment. They are different from man-made hazards. For example, a flood caused by changes in river flows is a natural hazard, while a flood caused by a dam failure is a man-made hazard.

Now, describe various natural disasters and their impacts. Quote a few, e.g., of natural disasters like:

• Earthquakes
• Hurricanes/Cyclones
• Volcanic Eruptions
• Avalanche, etc.

https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/natural-hazards  

3.2 Man-Made Disasters

Next, write about man-made disasters, how they are caused, etc., along with quoting a few examples, like: 

• Industrial Accidents
• Nuclear Disasters
• Environmental degradation

https://sdma-arunachal.in/manmade-disasters/  

Mention the vulnerability profile of India, discussing the States and Union Territories that are disaster-prone. Describe all the factors, both natural and man-induced, responsible for the vulnerability of these states.

https://iasscore.in/data-story/vulnerability-profile-of-india  

https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/paper3/disaster-management-i  

Write about the two worst disaster cases in India that impacted the lives of millions of people. Mention the following two:

5.1 Natural Disaster: 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

5.2 Man-Made Disaster: Bhopal Gas Tragedy

  https://recovery.preventionweb.net/collections/recovery-collection-2004-indian-ocean-earthquake-and-tsunami  

Define what disaster risk reduction is, write about all phases and also describe the disaster management cycle.

6.1 Phases of Disaster Management

Under this topic, describe the key phases of disaster management i.e., the pre-disaster phase, the disaster phase, and the post-disaster phase, and mention all the key components of this phase.  

• Preparedness
• Rehabilitation

https://home.akitabox.com/blog/4-phases-of-disaster-management/  

6.2 Disaster Management Cycle

Mention various national and international bodies and their role in disaster management. 

• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
• National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
• United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)

Mention the Disaster Management Act of 2005. Highlight the key points and explain how the act is beneficial in disaster management.

As technology develops, so does its application, and it has not left any field unaffected. So, describe how technology helps predict, prepare for, and respond to disasters. Provide examples of technologies used in disaster management, such as early warning systems, GIS mapping, and communication tools.

https://www.drishtiias.com/blog/tech-driven-disaster-management-changing-the-game

Other Measures to Prevent Disasters

Write some of the measures that should be taken to mitigate disasters, for eg: 

• Disaster resilient infrastructure
• Climate Change Adaptation
• Environmentally Sustainable Development
• Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mapping
• Urban Planning and Development

https://www.nextias.com/blog/disaster-management/  

Once you have written down all the important points in your disaster management project for class 9, you should summarize the key points discussed in your project and highlight the importance of effective disaster management for community resilience and safety.

The last page of your project should be a bibliography. Here, you have to provide a list of sources you used for your research, whether books, websites, articles, or any other relevant materials.

Below is the list of references used to provide you with all the important information on the disaster management project for class 9. This might be useful for you, so please do check this out.  

https://www.iwapublishing.com/news/disaster-management  

https://iasscore.in/data-story/vulnerability-profile-of-india https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/geop15/chapter/issues-and-challenges-in-disaster-management/

• Explain the main difference between natural and man-made disasters with examples?
• How many phases are there in Disaster Management cycle?
• What measures can be taken to improve disaster preparedness in communities?
• Describe the role of government agencies in disaster mitigation.
• What are some challenges faced during the response phase of disaster management?

Examples: Cover Images

Here are a few cover page ideas for the disaster management project for class 9.

Examples: Acknowledgement / Index page

Have a look at few creative examples for your project acknowledgement and Index Page.

Videos: Topper Project Files

Here are some video links to inspire your disaster management project.

Project Idea- Video 1

Project Idea- Video 2

Project Idea- Video 3

Project Idea- Video 4

Pdfs: full projects.

Download full project PDF of disaster management file for CBSE class 9

Sample Project 1

Sample Project 2

Sample project 3, sample project 4, sample project 5, sample project 6, other projects.

<red> → <red>  SST Social Issues Project for Class 10

<red> → <red>  SST Sustainable Development Project for Class 10

<red> → <red>   SST Consumer Awareness Project for Class 10

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NCERT Solutions For Class 9 English Moments Chapter 6 Weathering the Storm in Ersama

Chapter 6 – Weathering the Storm in Ersama

Think About It

1. What havoc has the super cyclone wreaked in the life of the people of Orissa?

The super cyclone devastated everything in Orissa. Majority of the houses had blown away by the strong winds and rains. Muddy water covered everything as far as the eye could see. Many people lost their lives. Bloated animal carcasses and human corpses floated in every direction. Even the strongest of the trees had been uprooted. People became homeless. Children lost their parents and became orphans. There was a shortage of food and drinking water. People were sad and helpless. The scenes were gruesome and heart-wrenching.

All Chapters: CBSE Class 9 English Syllabus (Latest)

2. How has Prashant, a teenager, been able to help the people of his village?

Prashant, who was a teenager decided to help the people of his village by stepping in as a leader. He organized a group of youths and elders to jointly pressurize the merchant to given rice for the people living in the shelter. After this, he organized a team of youth volunteers to clean the shelter and to tend wounds and fractures of the many who had been injured.

Prashant found that a large number of children had been orphaned. He brought them together and constructed a polythene shelter for them. Then he organised cricket matches for children.

Women were mobilized to look after the orphan kids, while the men secured food and other essentials for the shelter. When he realised that the women were becoming too grief-stricken, he persuaded them to start working in the food-for-work programme, which was started by an NGO.

3. How have the people of the community helped one another? What role do the women of Kalikuda play during these days?

The people of the community came together to help one another under the leadership of Prashant. They jointly started the relief work. They pressurised the merchant to part with his rice for the people in the shelter. They gathered branches from fallen trees to lit a fire, on which they cooked rice for all to eat.

When the military helicopter did not return after dropping some food parcels, the youth task force made the children lie in the sand with the empty utensils on their stomachs to communicate to the passing helicopters that they were hungry. This formula worked well and the helicopter started making regular rounds of the shelter to drop food and other basic needs.

Women were mobilized to look after the orphans, while the men secured food and other essentials for the shelter. Women started working in the food-for-work programme started by an NGO.

4. Why do Prashant and other volunteers resist the plan to set up institutions for orphans and widows? What alternatives do they consider?

Prashant and the other volunteers resisted the plan to set up separate institutions for orphans and widows because they felt that in such institutions children will grow up without love and affection and widows would suffer from stigma and loneliness.

Prashant and his group suggested that the children and widows should be resettled in their own community where they can get a homely environment. They suggested setting up of foster families made up of childless widows and children without adult care.

5. Do you think Prashant is a good leader? Do you think young people can get together to help people during natural calamities?

Yes, there is no doubt that Prashant is a very good leader. He has all the qualities of a leader.  Though he himself was grief-stricken, he got a hold of himself and decided to initiate the relief work in the village. He helped the people of his village in every possible manner to bring their lives back on the track. He is full of energy and has great motivational power. Yes, young people can definitely get together to help people during natural calamities. Youth is the power of a society who can use their strength and vigour to help people in need.

Weathering the Storm in Ersama Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Moments

Weathering the storm in ersama extra questions and answers short answer type.

Question 1. Why had Prashant gone to Ersama? What happened there? Answer: He had gone to Ersama to spend a day with a friend. He was caught in a terrible cyclonic storm, the likes of which he had never been a witness to.

Question 2. Describe the storm that hit Ersama on the 27th of October, 1999? Answer: It was a dark and menacing storm which had a terrific wind velocity of 350kms/hr. It was accompanied by heavy and incessant rain flooding the whole area.

Question 3. How long did the cyclone last? How did Prashant and his friend’s family spend the stormy night? Answer: The cyclone continued for almost thirty six hours. They spent the night sitting on the roof of the house in the open, because water had filled into the house.

Question 4. How was his friend’s family luckier than the rest of the villagers? Answer: His friend’s family had a strong house made of brick and mortar which was able to withstand the fury of the wind, even though coconut trees had fallen onto the roof, damaging it. However, these trees provided the family with food till they were rescued.

Question 5. Describe the scene that met Prashant’s horrified eyes in the morning at Ersama? Answer: It was a devastating sight. A raging, deadly brown sheet of water covered everything as far as the eye could see. Only a few fractured cement houses still stood. Bloated human corpses and animal carcasses floated in every direction.

Question 6. How long did Prashant stay at his friend’s house? What were the thoughts that kept disturbing him? Answer: He stayed at his friend’s house for two more days. The only thought that kept disturbing him was whether his family had survived the calamity or if he was going to lose his loved ones once again.

Question 7. Why did the two days seem like two years to Prashant? Answer: As he sat on the rooftop of his friend’s damaged house, unable to venture back home through the rain and flooded roads, he felt helpless and worried about his family back in his village. He was so keen to return to them that the two days seemed like two years to him.

Question 8. What made Prashant venture out from the safety of his friend’s house in the dangerous situation? Answer: Prashant was worried that his family may have been swept away in his village, and he was determined to find out what had happened to them without any further delay.

Question 9. How did Prashant prepare himself for the long trek home? Answer: He took a sturdy stick and then started on his eighteen kilometre long expedition back to his village, wading through the swollen flood waters.

Question 10. What were the dangers faced by Prashant on his way back to his village? How did he face them? Answer: The whole path back to his village was under water. He used his stick to determine the shallow parts that he could walk on. At places, he had to wade through waist deep water.

Question 11. What did Prashant see on his way back home? Answer: He saw a number of dead bodies of humans and animals floating in the flood water. He also saw that several villages had been entirely destroyed, where not even a single house remained standing.

Question 12. Why did Prashant’s heart sink on reaching his village? Answer: His heart sank on seeing the extent of damage that his village had sustained. He saw only the remains of the roof of his house in place of the house. Some of the family belongings were caught in the nearby branches of trees. His family was nowhere to be seen.

Question 13. Where did Prashant go to look for his family? Who did he spot first? Answer: Prashant went to the Red Cross shelter to look for his family. He spotted his grandmother first.

Question 14. Why did his grandmother rush towards Prashant? Answer: She rushed towards him out of joy at seeing him alive. She considered it a miracle that he was safe and sound and had been restored to the family.

Question 15. Who were the family members that Prashant found at the shelter? Answer: He found his grandmother, his brother, sister, his uncles and aunts at the shelter.

Question 16. What was the extent of damage caused by the storm in Prashant’s village? Answer: Eighty six lives had been lost in the village, and ninety six houses had been washed away in the village.

Question 17. Why did Prashant decide to step in and lead the villagers? Answer: Prashant realised that the people at the shelter were being engulfed by a deathly grief and there wasn’t enough food for the survivors. He also realised that someone had to show the people a way out of the situation and gain control over their feelings and emotions.

Question 18. What was the first successful mission organised by the group of villagers under Prashant’s leadership? Answer: The first mission was to pressurise the village merchant to part with his rice so that the hungry villagers could be fed.

Question 19. After feeding the survivors, what was the next task organised and fulfilled by Prashant? Answer: He organised a team of volunteers to clean the shelter of filth, urine, vomit and floating carcasses, and to take care of the wounds nad fractures of the many who had been injured.

Question20. What was the event that took place on the fourth day at the camp? Answer: On this day, a military helicopter flew over the shelter and dropped some food parcels on the ground close to the shelter.

Question 21. Why did Prashant ask the children to lie on the sand with utensils on their stomachs? Answer: He did this so that the helicopter pilots would see them and drop down the food packets for them.

Question 22. How did Prashant help the orphaned children? Answer: He brought them together and put up a polythene sheet shelter for them. Women were mobilised to look after them while the men got food and materials to build the shelter.

Question 23. How did Prashant help the women to overcome their grief? Answer: He did this by persuading them to start working in the food-for-work programme started by an NGO.

Question 24. Why was Prashant not keen to send the orphans and widows to government institutions? Answer: He was against this idea as he felt that in such institutions, children would grow up without love, and widows would suffer from stigma and loneliness.

Question 25. How did Prashant’s wounded spirit heal? Answer: It healed because he was so busy making sure that the victims were taken care of by various government agencies and NGOs that he had no time to worry about his own loss and pain.

Weathering the Storm in Ersama Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1. What havoc had the super cyclone wrecked in the lives of the people of Orissa? Answer: The super cyclone caused great damage and destruction, leaving hundreds of men, women, children and animals dead or injured. It blew away houses, brought down trees and wiped out entire villages. The whole area was submerged in water. Family members were separated and it left behind many orphans and widows. In addition, people had to go without food for days together.

Question 2. How has Prashant, a teenager, been able to help the people of his village? Answer: Prashant took over the responsibility of leading the village. He was instrumental in organising the survivors into groups to cook, clean, and rebuild the village from scratch. He supervised the building of shelters and made sure that people who were wounded and injured received adequate medical help.

He also made sure that the orphans and widows were not packed off to impersonal foster care at government institutions, but resettled them in their own community, in new foster families made up of widows taking care of the orphans. He also organised cricket matches and other sports events to bring some joy into the lives of the children and persuaded the women to work in the food-for-work programme started by an NGO.

Question 3. How did the people of the community help one another? What role did the women of Kalikuda play during these days? Answer: First of all, they worked as a team under the leadership of Prashant. They helped him in pressurising the local merchant to part with rice to feed the survivors. They cooked food by collecting branches from fallen trees. They cleaned the shelter of filth, urine, vomit and floating carcasses and took care of the people with wounds and injuries. They also helped to create new foster families made up of childless widows and children without adult care. The women also worked with an NGO in their food-for-work programme.

Question 4. Why did Prashant and the other volunteers resist the plan to set up institutions for orphans and widows? What alternatives did they consider? Answer: Prashant and the other volunteers were aware of the stigma attached to being sent to the government institutions, and the loneliness that the widows would have to suffer there. Similarly, the orphans would have to live a life away from their roots, at the mercy of people who would not be sensitive to their emotional needs. To solve this problem, they came up with the brilliant idea of creating foster families where the childless widows would care for the orphaned children, thereby fulfilling their mutual emotional needs.

Question 5. Do you think Prashant is a good leader? Do you think young people can get together to help people during natural calamities? Answer: Undoubtedly, Prashant is a born leader, which he proves by helping the people of Kalikuda village. He helps them to literally rise from the debris of a super cyclonic storm that had almost wiped out the whole village. He leads by example, selflessly identifying the most urgent needs and working to fulfil them. In the process, he puts aside his own grief and suffering, in trying to find relief and help for the other survivors.

He gauges the falling spirits of the village people and gets them to work manually to remove the debris, rebuild structures, and ensure that the people get something to eat. In a bid to help his people, he even forgets about his own loss, pain and grief. He finds a brilliant solution for the care of those left widowed or orphaned, by creating foster families with childless widows looking after orphaned children. From his example, we can see that it is possible for young people to work together and make a huge difference to the entire community in situations like natural calamities.

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• Cyclone and Thunderstorm

Cause and Effects of Thunderstorms and Cyclones

Thunderstorms and cyclones are both natural phenomena occurring in nature for time immemorial. However, not many are aware of its causes, although they might know about its effects. 

The effects of cyclones and thunderstorms are visible, though the causes are not. Notably, cyclones are often named based on their place of origin, and consequently mostly named in a varying sort of manner in different areas. For instance, these phenomena arising around the Atlantic or the Pacific Ocean are usually called hurricanes. On the other hand, when these occur in the Northwest Pacific, they are typically termed typhoons.

So, students must understand the basics related to the reason for cyclones and their occurrences before delving deeper into it. Here is a detailed study on the definitions, causes and effects of cyclones.

What are Cyclones?

Cyclones are nothing but ocean storms. In simple words, these are storms that take place on a large water body, specifically the ocean. The water spins around an area of low pressure, which is called the technical term eye. 

The eye is right in the center of these storms, and the outer portions of the spinning storm give rise to immense wind and rainfall. The causes of cyclones are a continuous rise of hot air and filling of the gap by cool air around.

What are Thunderstorms?

As the name suggests, thunderstorms are gushes of wind that are accompanied by thunder and lightning. This is mainly caused due to the rising of hot air, similar to cyclones. However, unlike in cyclones, the rapid and continuous rise in warm air causes the wind to move even faster, thereby causing thunderstorms.

To clearly understand this, you should know how cyclones are caused. Consequently, it will also help you in providing clarity on how thunderstorms are formed. Because both originate as a result of rapid warm air rising, it is vital to note their differences in detail.

What are the Types of Cyclones?

As already mentioned, cyclones are named differently in different places. However, they are classified into multiple types as well, based on their place of origin. Here is a brief explanation of how are cyclones formed along with their types -

Tropical cyclones

Polar cyclones

Mesocyclones

All these three types have their common reason for cyclone formation. The differences between these types are primarily based on their place of occurrence.

Explanation of the Types of Cyclones

Cyclones can be slightly confusing to understand because of the different terms used across the world to describe different kinds of cyclonic formations. You can also look up the different kinds of storms here . To understand the kinds of cyclones as well as the common terms used to describe them, you can read below.

There are four broad categories of cyclones. These are as follows:

Tropical Cyclones

When you think about cyclones, do you normally associate them with hurricanes or typhoons? If that's the case, then it's tropical cyclones you're thinking of. Tropical cyclones are formed by winds funneling into low-pressure areas and evaporating warm surface water. This evaporated water vapor then rises higher and becomes a cloud formation around the circling winds. These cyclones are typically known as just "Cyclones" in the South-Asian areas, whereas they are known as "Hurricanes" in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific areas, and as "Typhoons" in the Northwest Pacific areas.

Mesocyclones are also known as "tornado factories." Although cyclones and tornadoes are often used interchangeably, they are two completely different storm formations. Mesocyclones are formed due to extremely strong thunderstorms, called supercell thunderstorms. These thunderstorms create a rising funnel of extremely high-speed winds, even higher than tropical cyclones. Sometimes, mesocyclones may result in rotating "wall clouds" that slowly descend towards the ground. If those wall clouds touch the ground, they become what are known as tornadoes.

Extratropical Cyclones

These cyclones, also known as midlatitude cyclones, form in the middle latitude areas due to temperature gradients between adjacent air masses. The cyclones produced here tend to cover a much larger area than tropical cyclones, although the winds also tend to be weaker.

Polar Lows, also known as Arctic Hurricanes, form in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans. These cyclones are caused by extremely cold air moving over slightly warmer waters. Although they have a similar formation as the tropical cyclones, they generally form much faster and are harder to predict.

What are the Causes and Effects of Cyclones?

As you look for cyclone causes and effects, go through the following points to gain clarity.

They are caused in areas with lower atmospheric pressure.

Usually, areas located near the equator face cyclones. 

What causes cyclones is the rising of warm air over the ocean surface.

Once the warm air rises, the surrounding cool air rushes into this space.

The cool air heats up and again rises in the atmosphere.

This process goes on to take place continuously. 

The rapid rise causes the formation of an eye-like structure in the center. 

Likewise, the low-pressure area gets continually filled with high-pressure wind.

Hence, the above step-by-step process explains the causes of cyclones in points. You must note, the effect of both cyclones and thunderstorms can be devastating with damage to life, as well as property. These are often responsible for flash floods caused by heavy rainfall which accompanies them. 

To know more about thunderstorms and cyclones, you can look into our online learning programs for a clear understanding. You can even download our Vedantu app for a convenient user experience and access to detailed study material on every topic in your curricula.

To get more ideas about thunderstorms and cyclones, visit Vedantu and find out what the experts have to say about the different types and topics.

FAQs on Cyclone and Thunderstorm

1. What Are Cyclones?

Cyclones are wind storms accompanied by heavy rainfall in low-pressure areas. They are caused due to a continuous process of rising hot air over the ocean surface. This vacant space is then occupied by the cool air around, which further heats up and rises. In simple terms, a cyclone is a continuous high-speed wind that moves in a circular motion around a point of low atmospheric pressure. Cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere rotate in a counter-clockwise manner, while cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere rotate in a clockwise manner.

2. How are Thunderstorms Different from Cyclones?

Both thunderstorms and cyclones are nearly the same due to their cause of occurrence. However, a cyclone can be said to be more of a rotating or spinning wind. Contrarily, a thunderstorm may not always be spinning in nature. The main difference between cyclones and thunderstorms is the forces causing them. Thunderstorms are usually a combination of high-speed winds along with heavy rainfall and thunder and lightning. In a thunderstorm, there is no particular motion pattern of the wind or rain. Cyclones, on the other hand, are formed by a build-up of high-speed winds around a point of low atmospheric pressure, leading to the winds moving in a circular, or spiraling, motion around the low atmospheric center.

3. What are the Effects of Cyclones?

To know the effects of cyclones, it is essential to understand what are the main causes of cyclones. As the cyclone causes tremendous wind and rainfall, it usually leads to the destruction of property and loss of lives in the areas where it occurs. The most characteristic feature of a cyclone is it's extremely fast winds. Cyclones form into spiraling conical shapes much like a tornado. As a result, their sheer destructive power is immense. Cyclonic winds are capable of picking up entire vehicles, trees, heavy containers, and so on, and flinging them through the air with little effort. As a result, coastal areas that are susceptible to cyclones are always on high alert for any hint of the formation of a cyclone so that citizens can be evacuated immediately.

4. What to do in the event of a cyclone or thunderstorm?

If you live in a coastal area, there is a chance that your area could be hit by a cyclone. Most places have a team in place that monitors weather patterns out at sea. These teams are trained in noticing the warning signs of a cyclone formation. The moment a cyclone forms, the teams monitor the movement of the cyclone to predict its path and see where it will hit land. If the area it is predicted to hit is populated, authorities may issue a warning.

The warning might simply be for stronger winds and rain, with advice to stay inside your homes. This is usually when the cyclone is predicted to hit an area only on the periphery. However, the winds in the middle of the cyclone are the most destructive, so if a cyclone is about to hit a populated area head on, you may be warned to evacuate the area. Regardless of the kind of warning, you should always heed what the authorities say in the case of a cyclone.

5. Where can I find more information about Cyclones and Thunderstorms?

To find more information about Cyclones and Thunderstorms, you can browse through the Vedantu website or app. Vedantu has provided a long list of resources for students to refer to and all of these resources are completely free to download. Although you will need to create an account before you begin your download, creating an account on Vedantu is also free and takes less than 5 minutes. To find more information about Cyclones, thunderstorms and other kinds of storm formations, you can click here . You can also browse the website for answers to some of the common questions about Cyclones and Thunderstorms.

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Revisiting the super cyclone that hit Odisha in 1999

Fears of phailin have evoked memories of a cyclonic storm in 1999, when winds reaching speeds of 300 kph battered odisha for 30 hours..

On October 29, 1999, a super cyclone with a wind speed of 300 mph had struck Odisha, making it probably the greatest cyclonic disaster ever recorded in the last century. It was first detected when it was at its low pressure stage over the gulf of Siam by the IMD cyclone surveillance system on the morning of October 24, five days before it made landfall.

Winds of up to 260 kph raged for over 36 hours.

Coastal districts of Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur, Puri and Ganjam were forced to evacuate their homes.

Landfall point Between Ersama and Balikuda in Jagatsinghpur district (southwest of Paradip)

Time of landfall 10.30 am, October 29, 1999

High wind speed The wind speed of the super cyclone was so high that the anemometer, a device used for measuring wind speed, at the IMD office and at Paradip had failed to record it

Eye of storm: Paradip

Three days of torrential rain The super cyclone centred over coastal areas of Odisha for three days was accompanied by torrential rain as a tidal surge of about 7 to 10 metre that swept more than 20 km inland. Diameter of cyclone: 200 km Originated from 1999 super cyclone had originated from about 550 km east of the Andaman Islands as a depression Storm Surge While the impending storm Phailin may cause a storm surge of about 1.5-2 metre this time, the state witnessed it at 7 -10 metre in 1999. Districts and towns affected The storm in 1999 led to 45 cm to 95 cm of rainfall and affected 14 coastal districts, 28 coastal towns and two major cities of Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. Death toll While the official death toll then was 9,885 people, unofficial sources estimated the toll to be above 50,000. An estimated 1,500 children were orphaned. Of the total casualty, Jagatsinghpur district alone had accounted for 8,119 people. Affected people At least 13 million people, including 3.3 million children, 5 million women and nearly 3.5 million elderly people were affected in 1999. Injured people The storm had left 7,505 people injured Livestock lost 3,15,886 head of cattle Roof snatched 16,50,086 houses damaged, 23,129 houses washed away, 7,46,337 houses fully destroyed and 8,80,620 houses partially damaged (Source: UNDP, Odisha Disaster Management Authority and Utkal University report)

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Disaster Management Project for Class 9 and 10 PDF Download

Developing a disaster management project for Class 9 and 10 students not only enhances their knowledge and understanding but also equips them with essential life skills. The field of disaster management is of utmost importance in India, a country prone to various natural and man-made disasters.

Disaster management plays a vital role in minimizing the impact of disasters and ensuring the safety and well-being of communities. In this blog post, we will delve into the various aspects of disaster management, including its definition, types of disasters, the disaster management cycle, relevant acts, agencies in India, and tips for developing a disaster management project for Class 9 and 10 students.

This project provides an opportunity for students to explore different aspects of disaster management, develop critical thinking abilities, and contribute to building a safer and more resilient society. Here is a comprehensive outline for a disaster management project suitable for Class 9 and 10 students in India.

Disaster Management Project PDF Download

Table of Content:

• Define disaster management and its significance.
• Discuss the need for disaster management in India.
• Highlight the objectives and benefits of studying disaster management.
• Categorize disasters into natural and man-made disasters.
• Provide examples of common natural disasters in India (e.g., floods, earthquakes, cyclones, droughts).
• Discuss man-made disasters prevalent in India (e.g., industrial accidents, chemical spills, fires).
• Explain the four phases of the disaster management cycle (mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery).
• Describe the activities involved in each phase.
• Provide examples of initiatives or programs undertaken in India for each phase.
• Discuss the Disaster Management Act, 2005, and its key provisions.
• Explore the roles and responsibilities of national, state, and district-level disaster management authorities in India.
• Highlight the importance of coordination and collaboration among different agencies.
• Select two or more major disasters that have occurred in India (e.g., Uttarakhand floods, Cyclone Fani).
• Analyze the causes, impacts, and response strategies employed during these disasters.
• Discuss the lessons learned and recommendations for future disaster management.
• Explore various preparedness measures for different types of disasters (e.g., early warning systems, evacuation plans).
• Discuss mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of disasters (e.g., building resilient infrastructure, afforestation).
• Provide examples of successful preparedness and mitigation initiatives in India.
• Emphasize the importance of individual responsibility in disaster management.
• Discuss ways in which individuals can contribute to disaster preparedness and response.
• Encourage students to create awareness campaigns or develop community-level initiatives for disaster preparedness.
• Prepare a visual presentation summarizing the project.
• Include relevant images, charts, and graphs to enhance understanding.
• Deliver a concise and engaging presentation to the class.

In India, the need for effective disaster management is paramount due to the country’s geographical location and diverse climatic conditions. India is prone to a wide range of natural disasters, including floods, cyclones, earthquakes, droughts, landslides, and forest fires. Additionally, man-made disasters such as industrial accidents, chemical spills, and terrorist attacks pose significant risks. These disasters can cause loss of life, widespread damage to infrastructure, economic disruptions, and displacement of populations.

What is Disaster Management?

Disaster management is a process of preparing for, responding to, and recovering from an emergency or disaster. It involves various activities such as risk assessment, planning, communication, and coordination of resources to reduce the impact of disasters. The primary goal of disaster management is to save lives, protect property, and ensure the continuity of essential services.

Types of Disasters

Disasters can be classified into two broad categories, namely natural disasters and man-made disasters. Natural disasters are caused by natural phenomena such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tsunamis, and landslides. Man-made disasters, on the other hand, are caused by human activities such as fires, explosions, industrial accidents, and terrorist attacks.

Natural disasters are more common and can have a severe impact on human life and property. For example, earthquakes can cause buildings to collapse, floods can destroy homes and businesses, hurricanes can cause widespread power outages and damage infrastructure, and landslides can disrupt transportation and communication.

Man-made disasters are less common but can also have a severe impact on human life and property. For example, industrial accidents can result in chemical spills, fires can destroy buildings and homes, explosions can cause widespread damage, and terrorist attacks can cause widespread panic and loss of life.

Importance of Disaster Management

Disaster management is essential for several reasons. Firstly, disasters can strike anytime, anywhere, and without warning. Therefore, it is crucial to be prepared for disasters to reduce the impact of disasters and save lives. Secondly, disasters can have severe consequences on human life and property, which can lead to economic losses and social disruption. Effective disaster management measures can help to reduce the impact of disasters and ensure the continuity of essential services. Thirdly, disasters can cause psychological trauma to people affected by disasters, and effective disaster management measures can help to provide psychological support and counseling to those affected.

Disaster Management Cycle

The disaster management cycle consists of four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Each phase plays a crucial role in minimizing the impact of disasters, enhancing preparedness, and facilitating effective response and recovery efforts. In India, various initiatives and programs have been undertaken at each phase to mitigate risks, build preparedness, respond swiftly, and facilitate long-term recovery and reconstruction.

• The mitigation phase involves activities that aim to reduce the risk of disasters, such as identifying hazards and assessing risks.
• The preparedness phase involves activities that aim to prepare individuals, communities, and organizations to respond to disasters, such as developing emergency plans, conducting drills, and training first responders.
• The response phase involves activities that aim to provide immediate assistance to people affected by disasters, such as search and rescue, evacuation, and providing basic needs such as food, water, and shelter.
• The recovery phase involves activities that aim to restore normalcy after a disaster, such as rebuilding infrastructure, providing psychological support, and restoring essential services.

Case Studies of Major Disasters in India

India has witnessed several major disasters in the past, and effective disaster management measures have helped to reduce the impact of disasters and save lives. For example, during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, effective disaster management measures such as warning systems, evacuation, and search and rescue operations helped to reduce the number of casualties. Similarly, during the 2013 Uttarakhand floods, effective disaster management measures such as rescue and relief operations helped to save many lives.

However, there have also been instances where ineffective disaster management measures have resulted in severe consequences. For example, during the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy, ineffective disaster management measures resulted in widespread loss of life and property.

The case studies of major disasters in India highlight the importance of effective disaster management measures and the need for continuous improvement in disaster management strategies.

Preparedness for disasters

preparedness measures and mitigation strategies are crucial for effective disaster management. Early warning systems, evacuation plans, resilient infrastructure, afforestation, and community-based initiatives play significant roles in reducing the risks and impacts of disasters. India has implemented successful initiatives that highlight the importance of preparedness and mitigation, contributing to the overall resilience of communities in the face of various hazards.

Preparedness for disasters is essential to reduce the impact of disasters and save lives. Students can prepare for disasters by following some simple steps, such as creating an emergency kit, developing an emergency plan, and staying informed about potential hazards.

Preparedness Measures for Different Types of Disasters:

• Early Warning Systems: Example: The Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS), implemented by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), provides real-time tsunami warnings and alerts to coastal communities.
• Evacuation Plans: Example: The Odisha State Disaster Management Authority has implemented a successful evacuation plan during cyclones, including Cyclone Phailin in 2013, which resulted in minimal loss of life due to timely evacuation. Mitigation Strategies to Reduce the Impact of Disasters:
• Building Resilient Infrastructure Example: The Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority implemented strict building codes and regulations after the devastating earthquake in 2001. This has led to the construction of earthquake-resistant buildings and infrastructure, reducing the vulnerability to seismic events.
• Afforestation and Ecosystem Restoration: Example: The Miyawaki Forest technique, implemented in various cities across India, involves dense plantation of native tree species, enhancing biodiversity, restoring ecosystems, and providing natural protection against disasters. Successful Preparedness and Mitigation Initiatives in India:
• Kerala’s Community-Based Disaster Management Initiatives: – Kerala has implemented community-based disaster management initiatives, including the ‘Arangu’ program, which involves training local volunteers to respond during disasters. – The ‘Rebuild Kerala Initiative’ focuses on building resilient infrastructure, restoring livelihoods, and providing financial assistance to affected communities.
• Gujarat’s School Safety Program – The School Safety Program in Gujarat aims to enhance the safety and preparedness of schools during disasters. – It includes developing school disaster management plans, conducting safety audits, training teachers and students in disaster response, and establishing early warning systems.

Role of individuals in Disaster Management

Individuals play a crucial role in disaster management, and their actions can have a significant impact on the outcome of disasters. Individuals can contribute to disaster management by following some simple steps, such as staying informed about potential hazards, creating an emergency kit, developing an emergency plan, and volunteering during emergencies.

Staying informed about potential hazards involves monitoring weather updates, staying informed about potential hazards, and following the instructions of authorities during emergencies. Creating an emergency kit involves assembling essential items such as food, water, first aid kit, flashlight, and other essential items that may be required during an emergency. Developing an emergency plan involves identifying potential hazards, developing a communication plan, identifying safe zones, and practicing emergency drills. Volunteering during emergencies involves providing support to those affected by disasters, such as providing basic needs, psychological support, and assisting in search and rescue operations.

Strategic Management: Key Concepts and Proven Strategies

Disaster Management Project Presentation:

Tips for developing the disaster management project:.

• Conduct thorough research using reliable sources such as government publications, scientific journals, and reputable websites.
• Organize the project into clear sections with headings and subheadings.
• Use a variety of media, including text, images, and infographics, to present information effectively.
• Incorporate real-life examples, case studies, and statistics to support your points.
• Cite all sources properly using a standard citation format (e.g., APA or MLA).
• Practice your presentation beforehand to ensure clarity and confidence.

SST Class 9 Disaster Management Project

Disaster management Project For Class 9

Disaster Project Management Conclusion:

The disaster management project for Class 9 and 10 students in India provides an excellent opportunity to deepen their understanding of disaster management concepts and their practical application. By exploring various aspects of disaster management, students can develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and leadership skills necessary to contribute effectively in times of crisis. Through this project, students not only gain knowledge but also become proactive agents of change in building resilient communities and promoting disaster preparedness in India.

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Disaster Management Project Class 9

• 1 What is disaster management?
• 2 Why do we learn disaster management?
• 3 What are the most common disaster management scenarios?
• 4 What are the steps of disaster management?
• 5 What are the different types of disasters?
• 6 What are the different levels of disaster management?
• 7 What are some of the benefits of disaster management?
• 8 What are the risks of disaster management?
• 9 What are some steps you can take to be prepared?
• 10 What are some skills you should learn to prepare for a disaster?
• 11 What are some of the disasters that have recently happened?

Throughout history, the world has seen numerous disasters. From climate change to war to natural disasters, these forces have been wreaking havoc on the world. A disaster is something that interrupts everyday life, and takes place without warning. Operating with a disaster management plan in place is the best way to prepare for disaster emergencies. In this blog, we will look into how you can create a disaster management Project for Class 9 plan that is successful.

What is disaster management?

Disaster management is the process of managing the effects of a disaster or unexpected event in order to minimize its impact. It is often the response to natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions, but it also includes man-made disasters such as terrorist attacks, industrial accidents or nuclear accidents.

Why do we learn disaster management?

There are many reasons that people learn disaster management. Some people learn disaster management because they plan on a career in the field, and others do so because they want to know how to react in the event that a disaster does strike. Some people know that they need to learn disaster management to be prepared for a disaster, and want to be an asset to their family in the event that their plans change.

When a disaster strikes, you will need to know how to help these people. For example , you will need to be able to communicate with them, provide them with food, water and shelter and keep them safe. You will also need to know how to prepare for a natural disaster and save yourself and your family in case of an emergency.

What are the most common disaster management scenarios?

Disasters come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Generally, they are defined as being either a natural or man-made event that results in the loss of human life.

There are many classifications of disaster, but the most common disaster management scenarios tend to be natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, and tsunamis.

Man-made disasters are usually classified as accidents, such as nuclear accidents, chemical accidents, and terrorist attacks.

What are the steps of disaster management?

There are a number of steps that are followed during a disaster management process. The first step is to make sure that you have a disaster management plan in place before you need it.

• The first step should be to identify the areas where you are vulnerable to a disaster and develop strategies to protect yourself.
• The second step is to train your staff so that they are ready for a disaster.
• The third step is to ensure that you have an emergency plan in place.
• The fourth step is to make sure that you have a clear communication system in place.
• The fifth step is to have an action plan in place. Finally, the sixth step is to make sure that you have a backup plan in place.

What are the different types of disasters?

There are different types of disasters that can impact your life. They are natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, tornadoes, and lightning.

There are also man-made disasters, such as fires, riots, and hurricanes.

There are also disasters that are both natural and man-made, such as wildfires and volcanic eruptions. A disaster can occur anywhere on Earth, and it can happen at any time.

What are the different levels of disaster management?

Disaster management is the practice of trying to prevent or reduce damage, injury, or death resulting from natural or man-made disasters. There are different levels of levels of disaster management. The 4 levels of disaster management are mitigation , preparedness , response , and recovery .

Mitigation is the process of reducing the impact of a disaster by taking preventative measures.

Preparedness is the process of being proactive, taking steps to reduce the impact of a disaster by taking preventative measures.

Response is the process of taking immediate measures to reduce the impact of a disaster.

Recovery is the process of repairing and rebuilding after a disaster.

What are some of the benefits of disaster management?

There are many benefits of disaster management. A disaster management plan can help to ensure that the community is ready for a disaster. It also helps to ensure that your community is safe and secure. It also helps to provide an overall sense of security to your community. The main benefits of disaster management are that it helps to prepare for a disaster and it helps to reduce the damages that a disaster might cause.

What are the risks of disaster management?

When it comes to disaster management, there are a number of risks that come with the job. Some of these risks are physical, while others are more emotional. Some risk factors for disaster management include psychological trauma, high stress, and the risk of high-level disasters.

In many cases, disaster management can be a high-risk profession. Despite the risks, disaster management is a profession that is on the rise. In many ways, disaster management is similar to crime scene investigation. There is always a risk when it comes to working in this industry, but the rewards are well worth the risk.

What are some steps you can take to be prepared?

Preparation can take many forms, from the simple and often forgettable, such as installing smoke alarms in your home, to the more advanced and expensive, such as constructing a flood-safe building or buying an emergency generator. In general, disaster management is the planning and preparation for dealing with the consequences of natural or man-made disasters. Preparation can take many forms, from the simple and often forgettable, such as installing smoke alarms in your home, to the more advanced and expensive, such as constructing a flood-safe building or buying an emergency generator.

What are some skills you should learn to prepare for a disaster?

ealing with an emergency can be stressful. But it doesn’t have to be like that. You can learn these skills now and prepare for the worst that could happen. A lot of people find that they are more capable and confident when they know how to deal with a disaster. Here are some skills you should learn to prepare for a disaster: • Shelter Building: Know how to make your own shelter. Make sure that you know how to use a tarp, tent and a sleeping bag.

• Fire-Building : Know how to control on fire. You should also know how to use fire extinguisher and all other equipment.

• Medicinal Herbs: Know how to make your own herbal remedies. You should know how to identify plants and use them as a source of medicine.

• Wilderness Survival: Know how to build shelter, build a fire, and make a good meal.

• Emergency Preparedness: You should have a basic knowledge of emergency situations to face them.

What are some of the disasters that have recently happened?

In India, one of the most common natural disasters is floods. In the past few years, there have been many floods in India, the most recent being the floods in the state of Tamil Nadu. There are many other natural disasters that have happened in India, including cyclones, earthquakes, tsunamis, and severe storms. The following are some of the disasters that have recently happened in India:

• Assam Earthquake on April 28, 2021.
• Cyclone Gulab: Cyclone Gulab was a storm that impacted eastern India on September 24, 2021, in the Bay of Bengal.
• Maharashtra Floods.
• Tamil Nadu Floods.

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Cyclone Idai

The cause, primary and secondary effects and immediate and long term responses to Cyclone Idai

Cyclones are tropical storms that occur in the Indian Ocean. Cyclone Idai is the strongest tropical cyclone on record to affect Africa and the Southern Hemisphere.

Cyclone Idai satellite image

What caused Cyclone Idai?

In early March 2019, a storm cell brought heavy rains to Malawi before heading out to sea off the coast of Mozambique. The storm intensified into Cyclone Idai and returned to land on the evening of 14th March 2019. Often, storms that develop there don’t strengthen as much as those that form north and east of Madagascar, but Cyclone Idai was fed by warm water temperatures. The storm, with winds of up to 115 mph/185 kph and more than 150mm of rain in 24 hours, wreaked havoc in the Mozambique port city of Beira, home to 500,000 people, along with surrounding districts. It then swept inland and on to Zimbabwe. The storm caused widespread devastation and the loss of life and livelihoods of hundreds of thousands more people.

The location of Cyclone Idai

March 3 2019

Tropical disturbance forms.

The tropical disturbance that would become Cyclone Idai develops and begins to strengthen near the coast of Africa.

March 5th 2019

Heavy rains cause severe flooding across Mozambique and Malawi.

March 11 2019

Tropical depression.

Now a tropical depression, the storm becomes more intense between coastal  Africa and Madagascar. 

March 14-15 2019

Tropical cyclone idai makes landfall.

Tropical Cyclone Idai makes landfall near Beira, Mozambique, as a Category 2 storm with sustained winds exceeding 105 mph.

March 20 2019

Heavy rain continues.

Heavy rains continue along with search and rescue operations and damage assessments.

March 21 to 27

Aid response.

Governments and humanitarian aid agencies begin responding with life-saving relief supplies to the affected areas.

Search called off

The Mozambique government calls off the search for survivors of Cyclone Idai.

Cholera Cases

Cholera cases in Mozambique top 1,400, according to health officials.

What were the effects?

Flooding in Southern Africa has affected nearly 3 million people in Mozambique, Malawi, and Zimbabwe since the rain began in early March and Cyclone Idai struck March 14 and 15. The death toll has exceeded 843 people, and many more remain missing. Over 1 million people were displaced by the storm.

It was not just heavy rainfall that led to flooding, storm surges between 3.5m to 4m hit the coastal city of Beira. The ocean floor along the coast by Mozambique is conducive to give storm surges.

The image below shows the area around Beira before and after the cyclone.

According to the Red Cross, up to 90% of Beira, Mozambique’s fourth largest city, has been damaged or destroyed. The devastated city became an island amid the flooded area with communications, power and clean water severely disrupted or non-existent. Houses, roads and crops disappeared beneath the water that was six metres (19ft) deep in places. Rescuers struggling to reach survivors who may have spent up to a week sheltering on roofs and in trees. A woman gave birth in a mango tree while escaping floods in central Mozambique.

The coastal lowlands, located between the higher plateau and the mountainous areas to the west near the Zimbabwean border were the hardest hit by the floods.

At least 180 people in Zimbabwe known to have been killed by landslides triggered by Idai. Nasa satellite images depict the extensive landslide activity associated with Cyclone Idai . The landslides were partly caused by deforestation.

People were still being rescued a week and a half after the storm.

As flood waters receded, survivors struggled to obtain food, clean water, and shelter.

According to the World Bank the cyclone affected about 3 million people, damaging infrastructure and livelihoods. Unicef reported that over half of the 3 million people in urgent need of humanitarian help were children.

The UN World Food Programme (WFP) says that Cyclone Idai wiped out a whole year’s worth of crops across swathes of Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe. At least 1 million acres of crops were destroyed.

The cyclone is expected to cost Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe more than $2bn, the World Bank has said.

Cholera infected at least 1,052 people in Mozambique’s cyclone-hit region.

What was the immediate response?

As part of the forward planning for severe weather, safe zones had been created in rural areas of Mozambique for evacuation above the flood plain . However, the flooding was far worse than had been expected.

The meteorological office of Mozambique, Inam, issued weather alerts as the storm developed. The highest possible alert was raised by the government three days before the cyclone struck, telling people to evacuate threatened areas.

Some people were evacuated by boat before the cyclone struck, however many people in rural areas didn’t respond to the warnings or were not aware of them.

According to the mayor of the Mozambican city of Beira, the government failed to warn people in the areas worst hit by Cyclone Idai despite a “red alert” being issued two days before it struck.

The South African air force and the Indian army, which happened to have a ship in the area, drove the initial rescue effort. Opposition groups in Mozambique blamed the limited government preparation and response on corruption.

Last year, the government of Mozambique received support from international donors for a disaster fund of $18.3m (£13.9m) for 2018 and 2019. This is the main source of funding for any disaster response and is intended specifically for search and rescue within the first 72 hours.

More than 130,000 newly homeless people were taken into reception centres.

Two weeks after the disaster 900,000 doses of oral cholera vaccines arrived in the cyclone-battered Beira city, from the global stockpile for an emergency, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).

As flood waters receded the International Committee of the Red Cross supported flood-affected communities to recover bodies, identify them and bury them in clearly marked graves.

The Mozambique government announced the search and rescue operation to find survivors from Cyclone Idai was over two weeks after the storm.

With the help of OpenStreetMap – an open-source mapping resource – thousands of volunteers worldwide digitised satellite imagery and created maps of the affected area to support ground workers. Through the Missing Maps Project , an army of arm-chair mappers has already mapped more than 200,000 buildings and nearly 17,000 km of roads in the affected areas.

A large number of international charities launched appeals to fund aid to support those affected by Cyclone Idai including The Red Cross, Unicef, DEC, CAFOD and MSF (Doctors Without Borders).

What was the long term response?

Two weeks after the storm the government of Mozambique announced a new phase in the recovery operation was beginning to help those affected and rebuild the education, health, energy, transport, industry and trade sectors, which were all devastated by the cyclone.

The UN has appealed for donations of $282m to fund emergency assistance for the next three months.

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Essay on Cyclone

500 words essay on cyclone.

The cyclones are irregular wind movements that are characterized by closed air circulation around a centre of low pressure. Furthermore, this essay on cyclone will throw more light on the unique phenomenon of cyclones. The main cause of cyclone closed air circulations are the atmospheric disturbances and the Earth’s rotation which imparts a whirling motion to these disturbances.

                                                                                                                     Essay on Cyclone

Understanding Cyclones

The major types of cyclones are tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones and tornadoes. A tropical cyclone is a rotating low-pressure weather system that lacks fronts but has organized thunderstorms. Moreover, the formation of tropical cyclone takes place over warm ocean waters.

Extratropical cyclones are low-pressure systems whose formation takes place outside of the tropics in response to a westerly winds chronic instability. Since this instability is dependent on large horizontal temperature contrasts, fronts characterize extratropical cyclones. Moreover, fronts refer to concentrated regions of temperature change.

These storms populate the middle and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere. Consequently, experts call them mid-latitude cyclones. The storm is called a “bomb cyclone” in case the barometric pressure of a mid-latitude cyclone falls by at least 1 millibar per hour for a period of 24 hours.

A tornado refers to a rapidly rotating column of air whose characterization is by a downward extension from a thunderstorm to the ground. Furthermore, the most violent tornadoes can cause tremendous destruction with massive wind speeds that can go as high as 300 mph.

The formation of tornadoes takes place in regions of the atmosphere that are characterized by abundant moist and warm air near the surface with drier air above. Moreover, a change takes place in wind direction and speed with height above the ground.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Significance of Cyclone

The cyclones level down inequalities of wind movement and pressure over the globe. Furthermore, they play a crucial role in the complex heat exchange process that takes place between various latitudinal zones. Moreover, cyclones have an effect on the phenomenon of precipitation as they facilitate the lifting up of the moist air from oceans and taking it into the surrounding landmasses.

The cyclonic wind movements happen to be anti-clockwise in the northern hemisphere while in the southern hemisphere they are clockwise. Furthermore, the characterization of the cyclones takes place by the existence of an anticyclone between two cyclones. Moreover, the cyclones can be either tropical or temperate/extra-tropical depending on their area of origin and principal tracks followed.

Conclusion of the Essay on Cyclone

Cyclone is a weather phenomenon that always has had a tremendous impact on humanity since time immemorial. Furthermore, the cyclone can certainly be dangerous for humanity as they can bring widespread destruction to humanity. Most noteworthy, it is a weather system that we would just have to live with and cope with.

FAQs For Essay on Cyclone

Question 1: What are some of the effects of cyclones?

Answer 1:  Cyclones can bring high winds and heavy rain. In extreme condition, the speed of winds may go over 240 km per hour. These strong winds may cause a devastating phenomenon known as the storm surge, along with destructive torrential rain.

Question 2: What are the various types of cyclones?

Answer 2: The various types of cyclones are tropical cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons, tornadoes, mesocyclones, and mid-latitude or extratropical cyclones.

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Super Cyclone Amphan: A Dynamical Case Study

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Physics > Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics

Title: super cyclone amphan: a dynamical case study.

Abstract: Cyclone Amphan, a super cyclone in the Bay of Bengal after 21 years, intensified from a cyclonic storm (CAT 1) to a super cyclone (CAT 5) in less than 36 hours. It went on to make landfall over West Bengal as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS) with winds close to 155 kmph. Here, we analyze the dynamics that led to its rapid intensification, given that the system struggled to develop initially despite the presence of ripe conditions like high Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Bay. Our analysis clearly reveals that a Convectively Coupled Kelvin Wave (CCKW) from upper troposphere might have initiated strong instabilities in the tropopause, which then propagated vertically downward and interacted with surface disturbances to promote convective coupling with the Madden Julian Oscillations (MJO). Such convective coupling resulted in a burst of westerly winds along with enhanced vertical mixing and moisture convergence, which eventually led to the formation and intensification of super cyclone, Amphan.

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A pathway for multi-stage cyclone-induced hazard tracking—case study for Yaas

• Original Paper
• Published: 11 March 2023
• Volume 117 , pages 1035–1067, ( 2023 )

Cite this article

• Atul Kumar Varma 1 ,
• Neeru Jaiswal 1 ,
• Ayan Das 1 ,
• Mukesh Kumar 1 ,
• Nikhil V. Lele 1 ,
• Rojalin Tripathy 1 ,
• Saroj Maity 1 ,
• Mehul Pandya 1 ,
• Bimal Bhattacharya 1 ,
• Anup Kumar Mandal 1 ,
• M. Jishad 1 ,
• M. Seemanth 1 ,
• Arvind Sahay 1 ,
• Debojyoti Ganguly 1 ,
• Suchandra Aich Bhowmick 1 ,
• R. K. Sarangi 1 ,
• Neeraj Agarwal 1 ,
• Mini Raman 1 ,
• Rashmi Sharma 1 ,
• Vibhuti Bhushan Jha 1 ,
• Nimisha Singh 1 ,
• Rohit Pradhan 1 ,
• Amit K. Dubey 1 ,
• Shard Chander 1 ,
• R. P. Singh 1 ,
• Neerja Sharma 1 ,
• Shivani Shah 1 ,
• Ishmohan Bahuguna 1 &
• Nilesh M. Desai 1  

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A Very Severe Cyclonic Storm ‘Yaas’ developed over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) on 23 May 2021 and crossed over the Odisha coast on 26 May with maximum sustained wind speed of 75 kts. Herein, a pathway has been developed and exemplified for ‘Yaas’ through three-stage cyclone-induced hazard tracking. Days before the cyclone formation, cyclone genesis potential parameter, sea surface temperature (SST) (> 30 °C) and tropical cyclone heat potential (anomaly of 40–80 kJ/cm 2 ) indicated a strong possibility of cyclogenesis in the BoB. A Lagrangian advection model used for its track prediction with 24-h lead-time provided an accuracy of ~ 19 km and ~ 6 h in its landfall location and time. Further, intensity prediction was done using numerical weather prediction model. Geostationary satellites, INSAT-3D/3DR, were used to visualize cyclone structure. Passing of cyclone had its reverbarations in oceans, which are observed in SST drop of ~ 3 °C, salinity and density increase by ~ 1 psu and ~ 2 kg/m 3 , respectively. During the period, 23–26 May 2021, the Ekman suction velocity and chlorophyll concentration were found significantly high at ~ 5 m/day and > 0.5 mg/m 3 , respectively. Forecast of storm surge was found to be between 3.5 and 4 m at coastal locations. Significant wave height was found to be 5.5–9.2 m. The coastal inundation forecast for 24 May 2021 provided its quantitative maximum inland extent. Finally, loss of the crop, fishery and forest areas by strong winds and inundation/ingress of saline water associated with storm surge were examined using SAR and optical data.

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Acknowledgements

In the present study, we use the data from different agencies cited in Section 2 on ‘Data Used’. Authors are thankful to all of them. Authors are also thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions/comments.

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Earth, Oceans, Atmosphere and Planetary Science and Applications Area (EPSA), Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad, 380015, India

Atul Kumar Varma, Neeru Jaiswal, Ayan Das, Mukesh Kumar, Nikhil V. Lele, Rojalin Tripathy, Saroj Maity, Mehul Pandya, Bimal Bhattacharya, Anup Kumar Mandal, M. Jishad, M. Seemanth, Arvind Sahay, Debojyoti Ganguly, Suchandra Aich Bhowmick, R. K. Sarangi, Neeraj Agarwal, Mini Raman, Rashmi Sharma, Vibhuti Bhushan Jha, Nimisha Singh, Rohit Pradhan, Amit K. Dubey, Shard Chander, R. P. Singh, Neerja Sharma, Shivani Shah, Ishmohan Bahuguna & Nilesh M. Desai

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Varma, A.K., Jaiswal, N., Das, A. et al. A pathway for multi-stage cyclone-induced hazard tracking—case study for Yaas. Nat Hazards 117 , 1035–1067 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05893-3

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05893-3

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Cyclone And Thunderstorm - Causes & Effects

The air might not seem like anything at all; in fact, we look right through it all the time, but during a wind storm, air makes its presence known. The wind is “moving air” that moves due to the differences between air pressure within our atmosphere. The wind is capable of lifting roofs off the building, blow down power lines and uproot trees. Air under high pressure flows toward areas of low pressure. The greater the difference in pressure, the faster the air flows.

The presence of wind is vital to human existence. It carries the monsoon clouds from one place to another, thus causing rains in regions away from water bodies. It helps in the process of pollination and soil erosion. It increases the availability of CO 2 to plants for the process of photosynthesis by creating turbulence and increases transpiration. But, sometimes, wind causes severe destruction too. Strong winds cause the uprooting of trees and forest fires. In this section, we will learn about the severe destruction caused by the cyclone and their causes.

Thunderstorm

Thunderstorms are storms ranging several kilometres in diameter, created by the rapid lifting of moist and warm air, as a result of which a dense vertical tower of the cloud is created. Thunderstorms are associated with strong winds, hail, lightning, tornadoes, thunder and heavy rain.

What causes thunderstorms?

Air carrying water droplets are lifted vertically into the atmosphere due to unequal warming of the surface of the Earth. As a result of this lift, the air condenses and latent heat is released with the expansion resulting from a decrease in pressure (with the increase in height). These condensed droplets freeze and fall back to the ground along with hail, and lightning.

Cyclone is defined as the mass of air that rotates around the centre of low pressure on a large scale. Cyclone is characterized by inward spiralling winds, rotating clockwise (Southern Hemisphere) or anticlockwise (Northern Hemisphere).

To Know, Why A Cyclone Spin, Watch The Video Below:

What causes cyclone?

Cyclones are centred on areas of low atmospheric pressure, usually over warm ocean waters near the equator. The warm moist air over the ocean rises from the surface in the upward direction, resulting in the formation of the low-pressure zone over the surface. Air from the surrounding region, with higher pressure, pushes into the low-pressure area. The cool air becomes warm and moist and rises again, thus the cycle continues. As the warm air rises, the moisture in the air cools thus leading to the formation of cloud. The whole system grows gradually and becomes fast with time. As a result of this, an eye is created in the centre, as shown in the figure, which is the low-pressure centre into which the high-pressure air flows from above, thus creating a cyclone.

For more details on the cyclone and its causes and effects download BYJU’S-The Learning App.

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