how do you write a good construction methodology

Project Construction Methodology

Table of Contents

The project construction methodology covers the temporary and permanent works, as well as the services required to finish the construction.

The planned technique of construction, taking into account all contractual and legal requirements, construction limits, risks, and opportunities is referred to as construction methodology or project execution methodology.

A complete methodology for civil project construction is provided below, which may be used to plan a good project and demonstrate to clients and consultants that a civil main contracting company is capable of managing a project.

PROCEDURAL APPROACH & IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY PLANS

This project implementation strategy, also known as construction methodology, includes broad information on the project’s methodologies, procedures, and sequencing. In the future, where specific areas of work are tough, there is a safety risk, or there is a specific demand, a thorough method description will be developed.

It is also required to establish and maintain specific personnel on the job site. This will take place at a mutually agreed-upon location with the client.

The head office will handle the initial planning, compilation of shop drawings, detailing material purchase, and subcontractor arrangement.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Following the contract award, a complete project quality and management plan would be produced.

The project’s company organization chart shows both the head office and the sue people. Initially, all administrative and technical staff would be based at the company’s headquarters. However, when the project is completely operational, the employees will be on-site.

Contract requirements will be followed when providing construction methodology or execution planning services. The level I work master schedule will be based on the tender scheme program and will be submitted after the contract is awarded.

The following documentation requires project control. a) Preparation of shop drawings. b) Purchasing of materials. c) Coordinating subcontractors. d) Material distribution

These items’ program dates will be generated from the overall project schedule. To achieve this, these elements will be exported from the Primavera database to a spreadsheet. This enables the creation of a customizable report outlining the status of each of these actions. Initially, all planning operations will be handled by a senior planner in the company’s headquarters.

Actual job progress is constantly monitored and compared to the schedule. Variances are specified and assessed. In the event of a delay, a recovery plan is produced, including the cost and resource impact.

Project Construction Methodology – Project Planning for Construction Methodology

Contract specifications will be followed when providing construction methodology or execution planning services. The level I work master schedule will be based on the tender scheme program and will be submitted after the contract is awarded.

The following documentation requires project control.

c) Coordinating subcontractors.

c) Material distribution

To achieve this, these items will be exported from the Primavera database to a spreadsheet.

Project activities will include monitoring progress, revising the timetable, and giving short-term look-forward plans.

Contract and Shop Drawings

Upon contract award, the contract-drawing list, as per the front index page, will be created as a spreadsheet.

This will serve as the foundation for the project’s drawing registration.

New columns or fields will be added to indicate when a drawing is sent to a specific party or subcontractor.

If any of the contract drawings are changed and reissued, a new entry will be added to the list. The spreadsheet will include a new field for the revision number and date.

The building processes would be thoroughly reviewed at the commencement of the contract.

Subcontractors will be consulted to confirm the draft drawing list shop for their work.

On a spreadsheet, the master list of shop drawings will have the following information.

b) The title of the drawing,

e) The date of preparation.

Methodology for Selecting Subcontractors

However, after the contract is awarded, a full evaluation of the list of subcontractors will be performed. At the commencement of the project, a list of all subcontracts will be generated.

The bill of quantities stern numbers will be used to properly define and identify the scope of work for the subcontractors.

This will give financial control reporting based on spreadsheet information.

If a billing item is shared between the primary contractor and many subcontractors, the bill item will be split.

Each subcontract will have its own set of drawings.

Strategy for Construction Project Procurement

This element of the project construction technique plan addresses the acquisition of permanent works equipment, materials, and services, which can be arranged as follows:

The length of this period will be determined by the complexity of the supply or subcontractor job. The returned material or subcontract offers will be assessed for quality and capacity to meet program requirements in accordance with the contract terms.

The subcontractor will create shop drawings for his scope of work. Following the placement of an order, regular follow-ups with the supplier/subcontractor are conducted to guarantee compliance with the delivery schedule.

Material Quality Control Methodology

This work must be completed ahead of the main job’s scheduled completion dates.

Information and Communications Technology

A number of desktop computers will be provided on-site and will be connected to a local area network as a peer-to-peer network. Following the sharing of drive or directory designations, will allow common project documents and information to be seen.

b) Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, and Access).

Methodology for Collaboration with Subcontractors

Following the nomination, a separate meeting will be held with the MEP subcontractor, the Aluminum / Curtain Wall Subcontractor, and the Lifts Subcontractor to ensure effective coordination between all operations and to adhere to the schedule of works.

WORK DONE AT THE HEAD OFFICE

a) Design and illustration.

b) Technical explanation.

e) Safety and environmental procedures and instructions.

b) Manpower assignment and control.

a) Finding and submitting subcontractors.

TASKS COMPLETED AT THE SITE OFFICE

The project manager will adhere to the general guidelines established by the corporate management and report to them via the project manager/management coordinator.

Project Mobilization Planning Methodology

Equipment and personnel:.

The yard has all of the materials needed for the building. The primary machinery (e.g., cranes) will be given at the start of the project. Additional equipment will be given from the plant yard or contracted as needed in accordance with the work schedule.

EQUIPMENT for LIFTING

The tower crane would be used for:

a) Formwork erection , stripping, and movement, as well as reinforcing bar lifting

b) Construction material and equipment lifting.

The Site’s Facilities and Layout

On-site temporary (portable) buildings will be installed for the contractor’s usage. The client and his representative will be given adequate space. These amenities will be distinct from the structures that are being built. (permanent). They will be set up in a suitable area chosen by the client.

During construction, electricity and water will be temporarily connected. If accessible and permitted, drainage lines will also be erected and distributed through sewerage lines.

a) The primary contractor’s offices.

d) Steel rebar lay down, cutting, and bending zones.

g) A small temperature-controlled storage facility.

Topographical Survey and Setting Out

This information will be displayed on an overall layout drawing and utilized to plan the construction of a series of interim benchmarks for the work’s layout. These benchmarks will be placed on orthogonal lines that are offset from the building’s edge.

Once the benchmark coordinate and level information has been approved, it will be distributed to construction staff.

Geotechnical Evaluation

Following the award of the contract, the site investigation report will be thoroughly reviewed for any anomalies or contradictions.

Any concerns about the site investigation report will be communicated to the customer and consultants in writing.

Prior to beginning foundation construction on any project, a visual inspection of the formation will be carried out to ensure that it is consistent with what was anticipated in the site investigation report.

Access to the Site

Temporary access tracks will be created within the Contractor’s portion of the site to provide safe and simple transit of delivery trucks, plant, equipment, and employees to the building block positions.

An access hoist/ crane would be used to move tiny items of construction materials and equipment to different levels of a building.

Access to the staircase adder via scaffold would be provided while work is being earned.

Demobilization

Following considerable completion and the start of testing and commissioning, as-built drawings and other maintenance documents will be delivered. The project manager will carefully arrange the demobilization on site in order to ensure a smooth turnover of the site to the customer on schedule.

Methodology of Civil Works Construction

The Contractor will begin the project in accordance with the Client’s specifications. Site inspection and takeover will occur upon contract award. Any discrepancies will be brought to the attention of the customer or consultant prior to the start of the job. Site clearance and foundation excavation (pile caps) will be done with machinery and labor as needed.

Pile head treatment will occur when excavation and blinding are completed. The piling heads will be protected in accordance with the drawings and requirements. Raft foundation (Pile Cap) built using standard cast-in-place concrete.

A portion of the forms will be built as solid block work, ready for waterproofing. Formwork will be prepared in modules and will include horizontal and vertical timber stiffening and facing.

Horizontal waterproofing will be applied to the blinding as prescribed, then protected with the cement sand screed prior to the start of construction activities for raft stability. (fixing of reinforcement, forms for construction joints, and pouring of concrete).

Vertical waterproofing will be put to the block wall’s plastered surface and covered with bituminous boards. The superstructure will be built in accordance with the plans and specifications. Vertical and horizontal members will be concrete elements cast in place.

To ensure that the program is met, a suitable crane for lifting material, equipment, and formwork must be available. Tower cranes will be installed at strategic spots to cover the entire plot. The tower cranes would be 30/45 meters tall. The cranes will be used for formwork erection, stripping, and moving; lifting reinforcing bars, lifting construction material and equipment, and so on.

Concrete pumps will transport concrete. Concurrently with the progress of the concrete structure, the initial MEP works will be completed. Hoists will carry the vertical material and labor transportation. Following the upward advancement of the main structure, hoists will be erected in stages.

Dry finishes such as false ceilings, framing carpentry , aluminum, and so on will subsequently be applied alongside priming for paint. Beginning of aluminum (Curtain wall will begin from the bottom to the top. Upon completion of half of the concrete structure for the building, curtain wall fixing will begin. Curtain wall progress and finishes will be followed by the second fixing of electromechanical works.

Methodology of Block Work

A detailed method statement for block work shall be created, explicitly describing material kinds, quality of finish, and other critical features; block construction will begin when the scaffolding and formwork are removed.

Adequate curing arrangements for block work will be given in accordance with requirements, and all junction details with reinforced concrete frame will be carried out in accordance with previously authorized plans.

Ceramic tiles and fixing methods will be approved by the consultant prior to procurement and delivery to the site. Upon contract award, a detailed method statement will be prepared specifically identifying material types , quality of finish, and other important aspects. Before beginning tiling works in wet areas, the floor will be tested and approved by the consultant.

A painting trial area will be carried out and approved by the consultant. Before beginning with the application, surfaces will be dry and prepared for the paint according to manufacturer recommendations. Adequate protection will be provided to avoid damage from paint spillage. Appropriate clean brushes, rollers, or sprayers will be available for the application of the painting material.

WORK IN ALUMINIUM

Each delivery will include certification for the thickness of protective coatings, as well as dimensions of manufactured members confirmed against authorized drawings.

Support spacing and system installation will be carried out in line with the manufacturer’s instructions, with the installation level of the suspended ceiling laid out in accordance with the approved shop drawings.

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How to write an effective construction methodology as part of your bid or tender for a major infrastructure of building project

Writing a methodology for a construction or engineering bid in the uk.

Most construction industry professionals generally agree that the price and methodology are both critical factors for writing a successful bid, tender or proposal and securing major contracts. In order to put together an effective methodology statement, you need to incorporate the input of a range of different stakeholders including the programmer, safety officer, environmental officer, proposed site manager and your marketing / bid team. Generally speaking, the programmer/planner will have significant involvement, however, it’s important to draw upon the input of your safety and marketing team to submit a quality proposed methodology. Here are some strategies to develop a compelling methodology statement:

Align with the program

It is generally best to finalise the majority of your program before writing the methodology. The methodology needs to expand on, detail and describe every line item in your program. The term expand on is important. That’s because in the methodology, you can provide some explanation as to why some line items in the program are there and what the advantage is in conducting the works in that order. Explain the reasons for adopting processes, and flesh out the inter-dependencies. The program should tell the story in a visual sense, and the methodology should tell the story in a written form. The innovative aspects of your proposed program need to be clearly explained in the methodology.

Incorporate safety, the environment and other factors not covered in the program

The methodology generally needs to into consideration and explain items that are not comprehensively covered in the program. Let’s take safety for example. In thinking about your approach to the project, there would be a broad range of safety considerations you would have discussed internally and addressed. In your methodology, you need to incorporate and discuss a range of considerations for the project including, for example safety considerations.

It is a good idea to explain the different safety issues that may arise across the course of the project and the measures you have put in place to address them. For example:

• Are you going to have ad-hoc internal safety audits on a regular basis?
• Have you allocated an additional supervisor to supervise night works – if so, is that to address any potential safety issues of working at night?
• Do you propose to deploy any specialist equipment to deliver different aspects of the project – if so, have you incorporated any safety considerations as part of your thinking?
• What special site specific safety challenges have you identified and how have these been mitigated? For example, if you are working on a hospital project that is a renovation and refitting project, dust suppression would be critical. Any interruption to power supply would also need advanced coordination and planning. Both of these issues would need to be incorporated into your methodology and also explained.

Other areas of the bid or tender that may be addressed and covered in the methodology include the environment, quality assurance, community and proposed team. Again, ensues that these are incorporated and covered through the methodology so that you methodology is just a summary of the proposed program in words, but a more thought out and considered methodology to deliver the project.

Add in context – show appreciation for the project

A program will often start with a line item regarding site establishment. However, delivering a large scale infrastructure or building project involves a lot more than that. The methodology needs to firstly establish and demonstrate context.

• What is the nature of the proposed project?
• Will the project be located near any critical community infrastructure (for example, a school)? If so, what measures have you put in place to minimize any impact (for example, ensuring truck arrival and departures are outside school hours)?
• What are some of the main considerations and challenges for the project and how does the methodology address those challenges? – For example, does the project have a major traffic impact issue?

Go into detail

Where your methodology proposes a new, innovative or unique solution it is important to go into detail to explain it. You need to include your reasoning for adopting the innovative approach, a step by step practical application, and how each step in the process will integrate the various stakeholders and sub-contractors on the project. The level of detail in your methodology can set your bid or proposal apart from your competition. Government and private procurers want to know the project is well thought out and your methodology must reflect that.

Some people only assess two factors in a tender – the methodology and the price. Allocate the internal resources to develop a compelling methodology which covers all aspects of the bid, not just construction and you will be well on your way to securing your next contract.

For assistance with your next construction or engineering bid feel free to give us a call or email. We have two members of our team who are highly experienced in writing construction bids including the methodology (and also pricing and other key areas). We have helped companies across the UK to write compelling bids and tenders and secure government and private sector contracts. We service all of the UK including in London, Leeds, Birmingham, Bristol, Canterbury, Chester, Glasgow and Manchester.

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The most effective project management methodology for construction.

Choosing the most effective project management methodology depends on several factors.

• Project scope
• Size and complexity
• Available resources
• The project goals
• Skills and experience of the project team
• Project delivery method
• Project environment

For instance, if you’re building a house with a small framing crew, a finish carpenter, and a few subcontractors, you need a simple methodology that’s fast and efficient.

However, suppose you’re building a skyscraper or constructing a large capital project with a multi-year timeline and collaborating with over thirty subcontractors, suppliers, and specialty contractors. In that case, you’ll need a very structured and controlled methodology.

Here’s what we cover:

What is a project management methodology, project management methodology vs. project delivery method: what’s the difference.

• What is Advanced Work Packaging (AWP) methodology? 

Learn more about Advanced Work Packaging

What is the critical path method (cpm), are there any limitations to using the critical path, what are the benefits of the critical path project methodology, what is the critical chain project management (ccpm) method, buffer management, task dependencies, resource leveling, benefits of the critical chain project management methodology, what’s the difference between lean, six sigma, and agile approaches, the philosophy of continuous improvement, lean project management tools and techniques, streamlining project phases, reducing waste, increasing efficiency, learn more about lean project management methodology, what are the 10 pmbok knowledge areas, what are the five project management process groups, what are the tools used in the waterfall project management methodology, what are the benefits of the waterfall method, construction project management software for the construction industry.

Project management methodology is a framework construction project managers use to plan, execute, monitor, and control the outcomes of construction projects.

There are many different project management methodologies, possibly thousands . And each methodology has its strengths and weaknesses.

The most popular project management methodologies for construction include

• Advanced Work Packaging (AWP),
• The Critical Path Method (CPM),
• Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM),
• Lean Project Management , 
• The Project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBOK), and
• The Waterfall Method.

Some methods work best for small teams, while others are better suited for larger teams with more experience working together.

Additionally, some methodologies are better suited for fixed-price contracts, while others are best for negotiated agreements where price adjustments may occur during the execution phase of the contract.

A good project manager will be familiar with multiple project management methodologies and be able to adapt to the changing demands of an ever-evolving construction industry.

Project management methodology is the framework that guides how a project is planned, initiated, executed, monitored, and controlled. Project delivery methods are the specific contractual model owners, and developers use to organize, finance, and execute their built assets’ design, construction, and maintenance services.

Typical project delivery methods include

• Design-Bid-Build,
• Design-Build,
• Construction Manager at Risk
• Construction Management Multi-Prime,
• Job Order Contracting (JOC) , also known as IDIQ , and finally
• Integrated Project Delivery .

Most project management methods can accommodate most delivery methods but not always.

The best project management approach depends on the nature of the project, the preferences of the client/owner, the contractual model, and the experience of the project team.

Ultimately, what matters most is that the chosen methodology and delivery method are well-suited to each other and the specific needs of the construction project.

The most effective project management methodology for construction

Of the many different project management methodologies suitable for construction work, these six have proven the most effective.

But before selecting a method , construction managers must carefully consider their project’s environment, the skills and experience of their project team, and the project’s deliverables, budget, and timeline.

What is Advanced Work Packaging ( AWP ) methodology? 

AWP is a collaborative system combining engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC). 

In AWP, the engineering teams work with procurement and contracting teams to decompose their projects during the design phase. The teams break down each task into tightly defined work areas and work packages within those work areas. 

These engineered work packages (EWPs) include detailed plans and specs for each construction discipline assigned to the work area, from foundations through finishes.

CWPs, or Construction Work Packages, build on the EWPs by calculating the budget, schedule, resources, tools, and safety constraints required to complete the work within each package.

Installation Work Packages, or IWPs, represent blocks of 500 to 1,000 hours of total labor time. Each block of time in an IWP is discipline-specific and includes documentation and sequencing that guides, supports, and directs the work teams in the field during their assigned blocks of time.  

But what makes AWP so effective is that instead of breaking down the work after the project has been let as traditional project management methods often do, the work breakdown process begins with the design phase.

The results of the Advanced Work Packaging project management methodology 

Advanced Work Packaging has proven successful in mega-projects, industrial projects, and large-scale capital projects. Still, it isn’t used widely in other sectors, which is unfortunate.

The Advanced Work Packaging methodology can increase productivity by up to 25% , reduce project delivery costs by 10%, and reduce job-related injuries by 88% or more.

The Construction Industry Institute (CII) is the creative force behind the Advanced Work Packaging system and provides resources, training, and support .

Many of the Construction Industry Institute’s resources are free, but membership offers further training and advanced business and professional development opportunities.

The Critical Path Method (CPM) is a robust project management methodology for analyzing, planning, and scheduling large, complex projects. 

The Critical Path Method (CPM) ‘s basic philosophy is that all project tasks are interdependent, but some are critical and must follow a specific sequence to complete the project on time. 

CPM provides a framework to determine which of the project’s interdependent tasks are “critical” in their effect on total project time and how best to schedule those tasks to meet a target date while minimizing cost.

The critical path method (CPM) is often used in conjunction with other methodologies because it helps project managers create an actionable schedule that identifies the sequence of critical tasks and milestones.

By completing critical tasks and milestones in series, project managers increase the likelihood of finishing their projects on time.

The critical path method (CPM) can be challenging to set up and requires diligence to manage and maintain. 

Furthermore, if the CPM schedule has inaccurate task and time estimates, the CPM schedule will not be accurate either. And the CPM cannot account for the impact of changes such as RFIs, RFPs, design changes, change orders, labor disputes, and instances when tasks take longer than anticipated.

Delays are inevitable, but a well-structured  CPM schedule gives project managers clear insight into where the project schedule can flex or be accelerated when delays occur.

By shifting resources from non-critical work to critical tasks, project managers can accelerate work to compensate for lost time. 

CPM is a highly visual approach to project management that relies on several visual performance management (VPM) tools. 

VPM tools have proven invaluable for analyzing project performance and giving stakeholders the insight required to address issues and potential problems quickly and efficiently. 

• CPM creates a clear visual representation of the project schedule and helps stakeholders better understand the timeline and workflow of the project.
• It helps to identify potential issues early, which can help to keep the project on track and within budget.
• CPM enables project managers to focus time and resources on essential tasks to ensure critical on-time task completion.
• The Critical Path Methodology provides a solid framework for monitoring and reporting progress to stakeholders.
• It simplifies the communication process between project team members by providing clear direction and purpose, which project stakeholders can easily understand.

Identifying critical activities is vital to project success because they directly affect the project schedule. Any delay in critical activities also delays the schedule.

For those reasons, the Critical Path Method is a highly effective project management methodology.

The Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) methodology focuses on efficiently using resources to complete a project on time. 

CCPM relies on the theory of constraints, which states that the weakest link of any system limits the system. To overcome this limitation, CCPM uses buffer management and resource leveling to complete more projects on time.

What are the key concepts of CCPM?

Buffer management is a key concept in CCPM.

Buffers protect against unexpected events that could cause a delay in the project.

There are three types of buffers used in CCPM:

• Project buffer: protects against unexpected events that could cause the project to be delayed
• Feeding buffer: protects against delays in upstream tasks that could cause the downstream tasks to be delayed
• Resource buffer: protects against unexpected resource delays that could stall the project

CCPM identifies task dependencies with a precedence diagram, just like the network diagram in the CPM methodology .

Resource leveling ensures that resources are allocated efficiently for each task and project in the company’s portfolio.

The benefits of CCPM include improved deliverables, reduced risk, and improved project management. 

CCPM can lead to enhanced project deliverables by reducing waste and rework. It can also help to ensure that projects are completed on time and within budget.

Additionally, CCPM helps to minimize the risk associated with a project by mitigating risks related to unexpected events.

What is the Lean project management method?

Lean project management emphasizes the continuous improvement of processes to increase efficiency and reduce waste. 

Various industries have successfully applied Lean principles, including construction, healthcare, and manufacturing. In the construction industry, Lean focuses on streamlining work processes, reducing waste, and increasing efficiency.

Lean project management is often confused with other approaches, such as Six Sigma and Agile. While these methods share some similarities, they are significant differences. 

Here are some critical distinctions between Lean, Six Sigma, and Agile:

• Lean: The focus is on increasing efficiency and reducing waste. The goal is to deliver maximum value to customers through continuous improvement.
• Six Sigma: The focus is on reducing defects. The goal is to achieve near-perfection in all aspects of the project.
• Agile: The focus is on flexibility and responding to change. The goal is to deliver the product incrementally in short cycles.

Each of these approaches has its unique advantages and disadvantages. Construction project managers should understand each approach to choose the best methodology for each project.

Continuous improvement is central to the Lean process. 

Continuous improvement means making small, incremental changes to improve quality and efficiency. The goal is to identify problems early and make corrections before they cause significant issues.

Lean project management relies on various tools and techniques, such as value stream mapping, 5S audits, and Kaizen events. 

These visual process management tools help construction project managers streamline processes, reduce waste, and increase efficiency.

One of the benefits of Lean project management is that it streamlines project phases. 

Traditional project management focuses on completing project phases sequentially. However, in Lean project management, project teams look for opportunities to work on activities in parallel to save time. 

Another benefit of Lean project management is that it focuses on waste reduction. 

Waste can take many forms in a construction project, including material waste, motion waste, waiting time, and overproduction. Lean project management helps to identify and eliminate waste to improve time and resource management.

A final benefit of Lean project management is that it can help to increase efficiency. 

By streamlining processes and eliminating waste, Lean project management can reduce wasted movement, resources, and effort, increasing efficiency.

The Lean Construction Institute (LCI) provides tested and reliable guidance for learning and implementing lean project management principles on the construction site.

LCI’s Last Planner System® (LPS® ) encompasses the entire project, from the Master Schedule down to project commissioning and final handoff. See www.leanconstruction.org for more information.

Is the PMBOK Guide a project management methodology?

The Project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a trusted and reliable industry resource, but it is not a project management methodology.

Instead, the PMBOK is a set of guidelines, standards, process groups, and knowledge areas written by certified and established project managers from various industries and published by the Project Management Institute (PMI). 

The PMBOK Guide and its supplemental materials provide project managers with a knowledge base and actionable framework to organize and manage their work to ensure successful project outcomes. 

The PMBOK methodology focuses on ten knowledge areas and five process groups.

Each of the 10 PMBOK knowledge areas contains several processes. These processes guide one or more of the five process groups (Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing).

• Project Integration Management
• Scope Management
• Time Management
• Cost Management
• Quality Management
• Procurement Management
• Human Resource Management
• Communication Management
• Risk Management
• Stakeholder Management

The ten knowledge areas and five process groups provide a strong matrix structure that guides and informs project management teams in project management best practices.  

• Initiating: Set the project’s objectives, define the project’s scope, and obtain resources. 
• Planning: Develop the project plan, budget, schedule, quality plan, risk management plan, and organizational structure
• Executing : Manage the resources and work activities to complete the project plan.
• Monitoring and controlling : Track progress and make adjustments as needed.
• Closing : Initiate, test, and commission all project systems and formally hand over the asset.

These five process groups are the basis for all project management activities. And each process group has a set of processes describing the actions necessary to complete a project successfully. 

The PMBOK serves as the standard for project management excellence and is the primary resource for Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM) and Project Management Professional (PMP) certifications.

What is The Waterfall Method?

The Waterfall Method is a linear, sequential approach to planning, scheduling, and project execution and may be the most common project management strategy for construction projects. 

The Waterfall Method gets its name from how each project phase cascades into the next. Waterfall methodology works best for projects with a fixed, finished product built from detailed plans requiring a single timeline. 

The Waterfall Method relies on Gantt charts , network diagrams, and Critical Path Schedules to visually represent the project timeline and to track progress. 

These tools also help identify dependencies between tasks and resources and provide insight into potential risks and areas of improvement.

Changes are costly and discouraged in construction, so the Waterfall Method relies on strict project deadlines and achieving sequential milestones to keep the project on track.

One of the many benefits of the Waterfall Method is that it follows an established, predictable, and repeatable process.

That means templated processes from one project can be used on similar projects in the future.

• Structured planning : The waterfall method provides a step-by-step structure for project planning and execution. 
• Risk management : The waterfall approach helps identify and plan for potential risks before work begins. 
• Cost control : Project managers can keep a tight rein on their budgets by clearly specifying tasks and associated costs in the project plan.
• Effective communication : The waterfall method enables project managers to communicate project plans, goals, and tasks to other teams through a documented communication plan. 
• Detailed documentation : The waterfall methodology encourages detailed project plans and process documentation. 
• Efficient project management : With well-defined steps, the waterfall approach discourages adjustments.
• Easy to under s tand: The simple steps in the waterfall methodology make it easy to understand and explain to others.

Which project management methodology is best for construction?

There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question–it depends on the specific project and what will work best for the team.

• Contractual requirements
• Project complexity
• Project duration
• Team size and experience

Successful construction professionals stay on top of every aspect of their projects, from initiation through closeout. 

Construction project management software streamlines these complex processes, manages task-based workflows, and allows seamless communication for a successful project. 

Get a custom demonstration of the Linarc construction management system today—the intelligent, intuitive, easy-to-use tool that simplifies the complexity of today’s projects.

Connect – Build – Thrive with Linarc

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Method Statement HQ

Construction Documentation Portal

Best Construction Method Statement Example

If you are looking for a professional construction method statement example then this page is helpful for you.

We help you to understand the structure and requirements of a typical construction method statement.

The information given is useful for engineers and other construction professionals in their work. This leads obviously to prepare a good and safe work method statement i.e. swms.

For any construction activity now this is mandatory to prepare a standard method statement. This helps workers and engineers to understand before start of the work the exact requirements.

First thing that workers come to know is the scope of work the method statement is covering and area of work as well. Next they are becoming familiar with the health and safety HSE requirements so that their work is safe and sound.

Similarly before start of work method statements ensure that all personnel of a project are aware of their responsibility. This will make sure that there is no confusion of who will do what.

Once responsibilities are known to all involved personnel related to a construction method statement now comes the stage of arranging the resources. Workers will need some tools to do the construction work and some instruments for measurement.

Obviously this information also is part of a good method statement. If work is at level of big project there may be requirement to add the plant and equipment name etc.

Construction Method Statement Example for Beginners

Below we have listed the major parts of a standard method statement which can be different in different cases and you can exclude the section which are not applicable for your kind of activity.

In addition we have given a link at the end of this article to download construction method statement example .

This editable document will help you develop your own method statement. In order to make short and precise method statement we suggest to use below list and your document will be ready to fulfill the purpose.

• Scope of work
• Materials & tools required
• Responsibilities
• Sequence of work
• Inspection & Testing requirements i.e. ITP & Checklist
• HSE Risk Assessment

Construction Method Statement Example for Large Projects

Although above information is sufficient in order to develop and good method statement. But there are some clients who need detailed method statement mentioning lot of things.

In that case you can use our sample method statement given below or follow below table of content.

This is a good example for experienced engineers to use and then detail each section as appropriate.

• DEFINITIONS & ABBREVATIONS
• WORKING ACCESS
• LIGHTING: Safety Lighting, Task Lighting
• PLANT & EQUIPMENT:
• i. General,
• ii. Plant & Equipment Schedule,
• iii. Personal Protective Equipment,
• iv. Power Sources,
• v. Working Platforms
• SEQUENCE / METHOD OF WORK
• RISKS & CONTROLS:
• i. Hazards / Risks,
• ii. Control Measures / Permits,
• iii. 3rd party Protection
• TECHNICAL INFORMATION
• EMERGENCY ARRANGEMENTS:
• ii. Fire Precautions,
• iii. Communication
• SUPERVISION
• WORKING HOURS
• HOUSEKEEPING
• OTHER INFORMATION
• ATTACHMENTS:
• Technical Catalogue,
• Risk Assessment ,
• Work Permit,

Benefits of Construction Method of Statement Example

Above list is comprehensive and best for use in the stringent environment on large projects.

This kind of document with full details becomes helpful for all contractors and subcontractors working in risky atmosphere. This reduces errors in work and ensures the health and safety of workers.

Therefore we can say that a good construction method statement example can help improve the profit of the working company by saving loss of time and material.

In order to get maximum benefit from construction method statement we recommend to add charts, tables and images inside the document. This will help the workmen to understand what is required, how to select the materials and how he will do it.

Download Construction Method Statements

You can download full set of safe work method statements for construction works from our website.

You can download free construction method statement example template  and if you decide to browse our full repository of method statements you can visit download center from top of the page or by clicking this method statement link .

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15th April, 2021

What Is A Method Statement And Why Are They Used In Construction?

You will find method statements on nearly every construction project - often used along with risk assessments for specific tasks and activities carried out throughout the project. But what is a method statement document, and why are they used in construction?

What is a method statement?

A method statement is a document that describes how to do a task safely. You can think of a method statement like a set of instructions or a plan for the work. Method statements are also known as safe systems of work, safe work method statements or SWMS for short. And that's because they describe the method (or system) of work.

It describes in a logical sequence exactly how a job is to be carried out in a safe manner and without risks to health. It includes all the risks identified in the risk assessment and the measures needed to control those risks. This allows the job to be properly planned and resourced. HSE Risk Management FAQs

A method statement will usually contain a lot of information about a task or activity such as:

• The project
• The specific activity the method statement is for
• A description of the work
• Start date and duration of the task
• Hours of work
• Who the assessor is
• Who has key responsibilities
• The hazards associated with the task
• The hazards associated with the site and environment
• References to other documents such as risk assessments that apply to the task
• The planned work procedure, the sequence of work and control measures
• PPE requirements
• Management arrangements
• Monitoring arrangements
• First aid and welfare arrangements
• Emergency procedures

Your method statement doesn't have to be a lengthy document, but it should contain all the information you need to communicate how to do the work safely. The information should be clear and concise. At times it can be helpful to include drawings or pictures in your method statement to explain something and reduce confusion. For example, a plan could show the location of a hazard or where welfare facilities are.

You might get asked for a method statement with a risk assessment, and clients will often ask for a copy of your ' RAMS ', which means risk assessments and method statements.

Method statements are often used with risk assessments - but are not the same . Method statements are usually only necessary for higher risk work, in addition to the risk assessments. The risk assessment will focus on the hazards and controlling those hazards. The method statement will provide additional information to employees about how to do the work, what order to follow, and the precautions needed at each step.

Unlike risk assessments, method statements are not required by law explicitly . But they can help you comply with legal requirements, as they help provide information and instruction.

While a method statement will usually be accompanied by one or more risk assessments, these documents are not the same. For more information read about the difference between risk assessments and method statements .

Rather than repeating the information already in a risk assessment, a method statement enhances the information gathered for the risk assessment and goes further in planning the sequence for the activity. For example, the risk assessment might say that supervision is required for the task. The method statement will then go into further details about who will be the supervisor, their contact details and qualifications etc.

Method statements can also help link all the documents relating to the task together. For example, it may reference a risk assessment, COSHH assessment, and permit to work for the activity.

Why are method statements used in construction?

As we mentioned earlier, method statements used to plan high-risk work. Where can we find lots of high-risk work? A construction site!

According to HSE statistics , in 2019/20, 40 construction workers lost their lives at work. In the same year, for every 100,000 workers in construction, 2,760 (nearly 3%) were injured, and 3,520 (3.5%) suffered work-related illness. The construction industry has a much higher injury rate (2.8%) than the average across all industries (1.8%). And, the types of injuries workers are at risk from in construction tend to be more severe.

What's all this got to do with method statements?

Where risks are high, more detailed planning is needed to manage the hazards and control those risks. Once you've done the risk assessment for the task, you can develop your method statement. The method statement will plan out the work in a logical sequence, providing information on the controls and precautions (that you identified in the risk assessments) required at each step.

The arrangements for carrying out demolition, dismantling or structural alteration must be recorded in writing before the work begins. This is usually achieved by means of a method statement that can be generated from a risk assessment. While not required by law, method statements are also prepared for many other construction activities and are proven to be an effective and practical way to help plan, manage and monitor construction work. HSE Construction > Administration

Another reason why method statements can be useful on construction projects is that construction work is so varied. In the construction industry, you finish one project and move on to the next. A new project often means a new location, a new team, and a different set of circumstances. Even if you are completing the same task, the site, the surrounding work and hazards will change from project to project.

Who you needed to report to, where the task gets done, and what's happening around you will often be different on each job. Your method statement can (and should) be updated to reflect these changes, so you can refer to this document to get the information needed for each project.

You can think of a method statement like a set of instructions. It is a detailed guide that explains the work you will be doing and how you plan to get it done safely. Method statements are used in construction to help manage high-risk activities that need careful planning and management.

Need help writing your method statements? Get started with the free blank method statement template or browse our library of method statements ready to use for construction tasks and activities.

This article was written by Emma at HASpod . Emma has over 10 years experience in health and safety and BSc (Hons) Construction Management. She is NEBOSH qualified and Tech IOSH.

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10 Tips For Writing A Method Statement

Method statements tell you how to complete activities safely. But while method statements are important, they can also be difficult documents to write. Where should you start? In this blog post, we give you 10 tips for writing a method statement.

What Information Should A Method Statement Include?

A method statement should include all the important information your team must know to get the job done safely. Here are 15 items your method statement needs, with an explanation for what you should include in each section.

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8 steps to write an impressive technical approach.

Too often we see generic information used to address a project technical approach. Whether the approach is required as part of a design-build or bid-build project, a sample task order or a seed project on an IDIQ contract, many Requests for Proposals (RFPs), especially best-value RFPs will require offerors to demonstrate an understanding of the project scope by preparing a detailed technical approach. It is also typical for these technical approaches to be limited in response space; cue the 10-page (or less) limitation. Due to lack of time/understanding or poor planning, oftentimes offerors populate the technical approach portion of a proposal response with "canned" information rather than a tailored, scope-specific solution thereby missing the perfect opportunity to demonstrate key win themes or discriminators of their proposed work plan. To capitalize on this space, we have summarized eight key steps to creating an impressive technical approach.

Follow the RFP - The outline for your technical approach should systematically address all submission and evaluation criteria included in the RFP so it is easy for source-selection members to "check the box" for compliance. Be careful not to skip the evaluation criteria!

Include project-specific details - This is the time to be detailed! Do not simply recap the scope of work provided as the synopsis on www.fbo.gov. You're not fooling anyone! Set yourselves apart from the competition by demonstrating your understanding of the project through a work breakdown structure and/or sequencing information. Identify elements on the critical path, highlight long-lead items, point out areas for time/cost savings or potential challenges (see risk/mitigation below). Comprehensive technical approaches include details such as the approach to mobilization, identification of haul routes, plan for material delivery and staging areas, approach to construction phasing, plan for utility disruptions, as well as the schedule and approach to testing/commissioning. If known, identify key team members and/or subcontractors and discuss the history of the team working together thereby ensuring an integrated approach. All of these elements will contribute to your understanding of the scope and represent a high level of confidence to project success resulting in minimal risk to the client.

Connect to the schedule - If a schedule is required, make sure the narrative supports the graphic depiction. Check for consistency across key elements such as the Notice to Proceed (NTP) date, total duration, submittal review allowance, substantial completion date, inclement weather days and close-out/turnover phase.

Identify risks - Every project has its challenges as well as its opportunities. Use available space to identify potential risks and/or challenges as well as discuss the mitigation approaches that will be employed to avoid these pitfalls. This is also a chance to discuss potential value-engineering alternatives which can be tied to key performance indicators (KPIs) to deliver a project under budget, ahead of schedule or with added features thereby driving home best value!

Ensure compliance with the plans and specifications - Don't skip the plans or lengthy specification sections of an RFP! We know it’s more than a little light reading, but it is a critical element of the technical approach to ensure it supports rather than conflicts with the plans and specs. If the specifications are unclear or contradict the plans, submit a Request for Information (RFI) to ensure you have a clear understanding of the project requirements and expectations.

Ensure consistency - All references to key personnel, processes, meetings, etc. should be consistent with other areas of the proposal approach such as the management plan and organizational structure. For example, if the Quality Control (QC) Manager will also serve as the Site Safety and Health Officer (SSHO), ensure this dual-hatted role is referenced to perform the quality and safety inspections on definable features of work.

Utilize a subject-matter expert (SME) - If a project requires an engineering approach or a specialized system, engage an SME to ensure a thorough approach is given to critical scope areas. From a design sub-consultant to a specialty subcontractor, expert knowledge will go a long way in demonstrating your understanding of the project.

Conduct a separate review - Simulate the efforts of a source-selection committee by having a separate individual or group that was not involved in the preparation of the approach, review the draft. Many times, a fresh set of eyes will be able to point out a concept or deficiency that needs additional articulation in order to get the point across.

With hundreds of technical approaches under our belt, Meridian West can help with this process. Not only do we understand RFP submission and evaluation criteria to ensure compliance, but we can also help you identify win themes and discriminators to set you apart from the competition. Connect with us to find out more about our comprehensive proposal approach.

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How To Write A Method Statement

In this CHAS guide, we explain what a Method Statement looks like and what information to include within one.

When working in a high-risk environment, it’s important to set out guidelines, instructions, and potential hazards to keep employees safe. A  method statement can help with all of these things. Health and safety is critical when working in the construction industry, where there’s a much higher injury rate than in other sectors. A study created by hse.gov.uk revealed that “the fatal injury rate (1.62 per 100,000 workers) is around four times the all industry rate.”

A method statement allows managers to communicate clearly with the team and the client, ensuring that everyone is on the same page and aware of the risks involved before a project begins.

Source: RIDDOR, 2016/17-2020/21

What Is A Method Statement?

A method statement describes how to do a task safely and outlines the work process to be completed.

A method statement is often used alongside a risk assessment but never as a replacement. When used together, you may hear them referred to as RAMS.

The main aim of your method statement is to establish potential hazards, so it’s common to include diagrams or pictures of hazard locations and welfare facilities where helpful.

Whilst a method statement contains plenty of information, it doesn’t need to be lengthy. In some instances, it can be just a page long.

When Should A Method Statement Be Used?

While a method statement is not a legal requirement, one should be used where any high-risk work occurs. This is especially applicable to the construction sector.

You may create a method statement either after or alongside a risk assessment. You should produce a new one for every new project or each time the team or project location changes. This is because a new situation may come with a new set of safety precautions that should be implemented, depending on who and what is involved. It’s never a good idea to assume the risks will be the same because projects are similar, as the people working on the task, the location and the task itself will create too many variables. 

What Do You Need To Write A Method Statement?

Begin with a deep-dive look at the situation, task or process by completing a risk assessment. For assistance in conducting risk assessments , become a CHAS contractor or read our blog on how to carry out a risk assessment the right way .

You should have first identified the hazards that could potentially cause harm or poor health at each part of the task or project.

Analyse each hazard and then question what measures have been taken to mitigate them entirely or reduce the threat to an acceptable level. If the measures taken fall short, you should consider any additional practices you can put in place to ensure safety for all involved. 

You should also consider the people working on the project. Assess how they can work most safely and ensure necessary precautions are in place. Once you feel confident that your risk assessment is complete, you’re ready to carry out your method statement.

Writing A Method Statement

There are three sections to include when writing a method statement from scratch. These include a brief overview of the project, hazards and safety measures, and, if appropriate, a final section of step-by-step instructions. Next, we’ll inspect each section and describe what to include in your method statement.

Section 1 — Project Overview

Begin your document with a brief section with the project or task information outlined at a glance. Here you should include:

• Project name or task name
• The reference number of your document
• Your name plus anyone else involved in creating the method statement
• The name of the contractor
• The industry or discipline you’re dealing in. For example, construction
• The site address and site access
• Work permits required
• Project start and end dates
• A brief one-line description of the project or next action needed
• Whether or not the method statement has been accepted
• An issue date.

Section 2 — Hazards And Safety Measures

This part of a method statement may take the form of a checklist and include the below measures plus any more as you see fit. You should adjust these to meet the task at hand. After each of these points, consider a checkbox and an additional space for details on each area.

More generally, things to consider are whether you have work permits, personal protective equipment and safety documents in place. Keep in mind any risks involved in each area and the team working on every project stage.

Process And Specialisation Area — This should be a broad overview of what the project involves and how the area of specialisation is relevant to your method statement and risk assessment.

The Sequence Of Work — Detail steps each employee will take to complete the process. If this is lengthy, you could include this section later in a separate document and include diagrams or images.

Supervisory Arrangements And Monitoring Arrangements — Examine how each one contributes to doing the job safely. Include safety contacts and describe whether they are integral to your emergency procedures.

Schedule Of Plant — Identify any dangerous equipment and detail a safety plan with control measures outlined. For example, when does something need to get updated or upgraded to ensure a safe system?

Reference To Occupational Health Standards — Consider your standard operating procedure in relation to health and safety concerns. This may be exposure to chemicals or emissions, loud noise, stress or fatigue.

First Aid Procedures — An integral part of all method statements, first aid procedures should detail the health and safety contacts on-site and ensure the health and safety of the entire team.

Personal Protective Equipment Required — List each team member, even those who are self-employed and ensure your method statement includes the PPE required for every person.

Arrangements For Demarcation — It’s essential to define the boundary limits for your project so that your method statement can contain control measures for everything within that area.

Third-Party Safety Controls — Consider any neighbouring properties and write details of health and safety precautions that ensure their welfare.

Emergency Procedures — A critical part of all method statements describes any control measures in place should there be an emergency.

Section 3 — Step-by-Step Instructions

For most method statements, the above information is plenty, and when conducted alongside risk assessments, there is no need for further detail.

However, a specific part of the work may require more thorough detail, so you may choose to write out step-by-step guidance about what’s involved and highlight any health and safety risks along the way. Details may include an image or diagram of a hazardous area or piece of kit that requires explanation.

After this is completed, you’re ready to write out your step-by-step instructions. This essentially means that you’re putting everything in a sequence that should be followed to ensure the job is completed in the safest possible order.

Method statements are an important step to ensure the health and safety of all workers in a project. Whilst method statements seem time-consuming, they may save time in the long run as they contain the relevant information needed for everyone to work safely from the offset.

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A Guide to Construction Project Management Methods

Even simple construction projects involve many layers of detail. To deliver on-time and on-budget, project managers must decide which project management method is the best fit for their project and teams. 

In this guide, we’ll take a closer look at common project management methods for construction, their pros and cons, and how to select one that’s right for your project.

To jump to what you need to know, click the links below:

What does project management mean in the construction industry? A comparison of 5 construction project management methods How to choose a construction project management method

Or, go back to: A Guide to Common Construction Project Deliver Methods

What does project management mean in the construction industry?

In the world of construction, project management refers to how resources are managed and people and tasks are coordinated throughout the project. Project management methodologies for construction are similar to those used in other specialized fields with mission-based projects, such as aerospace and energy, but must meet the specific needs of construction. For example, construction project management must acknowledge the centrality of people management: every construction project includes many teams of people playing various roles, from owners to general contractors to plumbers, often working in different locations, from offices to job sites.

There’s not a single “right” methodology for construction projects. Each one has different strategies and principles for managing issues that arise during a project’s delivery. Because every project is a little different, choosing the best methodology means considering variables such as parameters, timeline, scope, and preferences of the people involved.

A comparison of 5 construction project management methods

Let’s take a look at five of the most common project management methods used in the construction industry—and how they compare with one another.

Also called traditional project management, waterfall project management methodology remains one of the most commonly used methodologies in construction today. Its name comes from an approach to software development that stresses linear progression, with each step leading to the next. In construction, the waterfall approach works like a real waterfall: each step or phase of the project must be completed before it can overflow to the next step. While waterfall methodology is a logical approach, it can be limiting because teams cannot do several tasks simultaneously. Instead, they must wait for the previous phase to be completed before they move forward. 

Allows stakeholders to define project goals and budgets clearly

Teams can easily focus their attention on milestones as the project progresses

Allows for thorough quality checks at each stage

Details are typically not missed because the project only moves forward when one stage is completed 

Some teams will be stalled and inactive while waiting for other teams’ tasks to be completed, causing frustration and slowing down progress

Projects with many details or add-ons may not fit well into this model, which demands clearly defined phases and milestones

Once developed, the plan can be rigid, making any change orders or adjustments complicated

When should I use waterfall methodology?

Projects that can be defined easily in the planning phase are well-suited to this approach—for example, when many similar buildings will be constructed based on similar plans. Large projects that demand strict documentation, such as government-funded capital projects, often benefit from or even require this approach.

Agile construction project management

The agile project management style breaks a construction project into several smaller stages, but unlike the Waterfall approach, it allows for continuous collaboration between stakeholders at each stage. Teams look at planning, executing, and evaluating progress at each step in the project, creating natural opportunities for changes and adjustments to be made along the way. Agile project management prioritizes individual team members and their communication above tools and processes, making space for collaboration and flexibility as a project unfolds.

Allows teams to maximize their productivity within time constraints

Fosters good communication between teams and stakeholders with built-in reviews and check-ins

Creates a collaborative atmosphere by encouraging feedback from teams and workers on the ground, with everyone working together toward greater efficiency

Construction projects often don’t fit naturally into the agile framework, meaning it could require extra effort to use this methodology

That extra effort often results in added costs

Requires strong leadership from supervisors who understand the methodology and can anticipate upcoming needs or shifts

When should I use agile methodology?

New construction projects that involve some uncertainties are well-suited to agile methodology because of its emphasis on adaptability. For example, an innovative building project that relies on sustainable energy sources and incorporates cutting-edge connected technologies could be a good fit for this methodology, because there are likely to be unforeseen challenges and course corrections along the way.

Lean construction management

Based on the Toyota Production System (TPS), lean project management aims to deliver better value with less wasted time and materials. Construction managers often apply lean principles to their projects with positive results. The primary values associated with lean construction management include respect for people and a desire to foster good communication with the project’s hands-on workers, a focus on the flow and efficiency of work, and a drive toward continuous assessment and improvement of processes. Because of its drive to reduce waste, lean construction management places a high value on environmental sustainability. Under this methodology, construction managers typically plan the entire project at once from the top down, ensuring that efficient use of time and materials is maximized throughout the process.

Streamlined processes lead to increased productivity

Reduced waste and time to completion

Because processes are simplified and the project comes together more quickly, the chances of onsite injuries are typically decreased

Workers and customers can misunderstand the meaning of “lean construction,” assuming it means less expensive—but while reducing time and wasted materials often leads to cost savings, that’s not a given

There’s often a learning curve for those new to this methodology, and without buy-in from all stakeholders, it can be difficult to move a project forward

When should I use lean construction methodology?

The lean approach to construction works best with projects that can be fully planned ahead of time and don’t contain many unexpected twists and turns. Shifting teams toward this approach if they don’t have previous experience can be challenging, so it’s best to start training well ahead of time and ensure that you have adequate leadership and support for all workers and stakeholders throughout the process.

Critical path

The critical path method (CPM) in construction is a classic approach that remains one of the most-used methodologies in construction project management today. In this approach, known as critical path scheduling, construction managers break down every step in the process and seek to map out a pathway to complete the project with efficiency and speed. A variant of CPM is critical chain, which considers not only the series of tasks, but also the availability of resources needed to complete each step. Critical chain construction project management requires more intricate planning and tracking of materials, often incorporating connected technologies and construction management software to make it work.

As one of the older approaches to construction project management, CPM is familiar to most stakeholders and easy to execute

Both CPM and critical chain emphasize efficiency and productivity

Paired with construction software and connected technologies such as sensors and trackers, CPM and critical chain can provide excellent visibility into your projects, helping you make better decisions

Each step depends on the one before it in the chain, so if one fails, the entire project can be derailed

Without high-quality data, these methods can lead to stalled progress or even project failure

CPM and critical chain tend to be more rigid approaches, without the flexibility and adaptability some projects require

When should I use critical path or critical chain?

Critical path and critical chain are excellent methods to adopt when you have adequate data-gathering tools and software to ensure you’re charting an accurate path forward. For projects where data is harder to obtain or there’s some uncertainty about the availability of materials, it’s best to choose another methodology.

Construction Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

A work breakdown structure (WBS) refers to “a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team,” according to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). WBS in construction project management seeks to define the entire project at the outset, creating a plan that increases in detail at each descending level. Visually, the plan looks like a family tree, with the final product (the building) at the top, and lists of individual tasks and responsibilities defined in detail at the bottom.

Creates a visual representation of the entire project, making it easy for stakeholders to grasp the total scope of work

Clearly shows relationships between project elements and tasks

Can be adjusted easily as the project progresses

Makes it easier to estimate costs

Too much or too little detail in the WBS can cause problems

There’s potential for confusion about tasks and boundaries, particularly if there isn’t enough detail in the WBS

Creating and curating the visual WBS is time-consuming and intensive for those involved

How to choose a construction project management method

Because every construction project is a bit different, the project management method that works for one might not be the best fit for the next. When choosing a project management method, consider the following factors:

Time Are you working within a tight deadline, or is there more flexibility in the timing of project completion?

Budget Is the budget set in stone or is there some flexibility depending on obstacles and decisions along the way?

Efficiency How important is efficiency to the owner, general contractor, and other stakeholders? Do you have the support in place to oversee a methodology, such as WBS, that might not be familiar to many of your teams?

Flexibility and adaptability Is flexibility important to your primary stakeholders? Do you need the ability to change and adapt project plans as you go, or do you expect the parameters to stay essentially the same from start to finish? 

Complexity How complex is the project at hand? Does it lend itself to sequential steps (waterfall or critical path/chain) or multi-tiered simultaneous efforts (agile or lean)?

Workflow process What workflow processes are your stakeholders and teams accustomed to? What do they prefer and work best in?

Challenges How many challenges do you expect to encounter along the way? (There are always surprises, but a newly designed building that’s never been constructed before will naturally yield more challenging situations than a home plan that’s been built many times.)

Method popularity and acceptance How widely accepted and used is the methodology you’re considering? Do you have stakeholders and teams on board who are open to learning new approaches and processes, or do they prefer more traditional ways of working?

Data accessibility How accessible does your project data need to be? Will workers need access to documents and drawings even when they’re out of the office?

Powering your construction project

No matter which project management method you choose, Trimble’s ProjectSight project management software can help maximize your efficiency and productivity. Built for collaboration, ProjectSight allows designers, builders, and contractors to help manage all of your projects by providing a single source of information for all stakeholders. Manage budgets and costs, documents, and communication with workers in the field, all from one platform.

Ask us how ProjectSight can help your projects stay on-budget and improve bottom line.

Project Management 123

Project Management Resources – Editable Documents

Construction Methodology for Building Construction Project Civil Work

The purpose of this construction methodology is to specify the requirements of civil building construction activities including excavation, backfilling, and allied activities complying with the contract documents, project specifications as per the scope of work and approved drawings/documents.

This method statement also covers requirements for earthworks associated with trenches for pipelines or service ducts etc.

Scope of work for this Method Statement applies to all the civil works related to the construction of building as per project requirements, referring with approved Civil and MEP drawings i.e.:

• Excavation including ground preparation,
• setting out,
• backfilling,
• soil compaction,
• concreting,
• waterproofing,
• plastering,
• painting and GRC works

Roles and Responsibilities

The primary responsibility of carrying out all the activities mentioned in this procedure rests with the site  in charge / project head unless mentioned otherwise. Below are brief details about different roles.

Project Leader/Manager

Overall execution and administration of the project as per contract requirements, specifications and the PQP.

Liaise with the quality & HSE managers/engineers for preparation and updating of project quality plan PQP and HSE plan .

Directly control the Site Engineers and Supervisors.

He is responsible to ensure that all the correct procedures are followed and all necessary permits for the works are obtained in advance.

Site Engineers

Assess manpower, equipment or other resources required to ensure timely completion of the project.

Monitor availability of all materials as per schedule.

Inform the Project Leader for any non-availability of materials to take proper action.

Carry out receiving inspection in coordination with the QA/QC Engineer.

Ensure that the drawings and documents are up to date and the latest drawing is available and is being utilized in the project site works.

Completing the inspection and testing checksheets and submit the necessary IR to the QA/QC function when the work is ready for inspection.

QA/QC Engineer

Responsible for the monitoring and implementing of quality related matters and ensure the works are being executed with the approved Project Quality Plan and requirements of the Contract Documents, approved method statement and ITPs.

Safety Officer

Responsible for monitoring and implementation of safety related matters such as work permits, First Aid, PPE, approval of diversions, follow the safety and traffic regulations by all the workmen during the construction, according to the approved project HSE plan.

First Aid boxes are readily available with HSE officer and other at site personnel’s vehicles for site requirements.

Supervisor/Foreman

Plan and obtain required manpower and resources in coordination with the Site Engineer.

Carry out all activities as per the planned schedule to achieve target dates.

Coordinate with respective disciplines of work and liaise with the site engineer for day to day activities.

Inform Discipline Engineer regarding site inspections when it is ready.

Ensure pre task briefing is to be conducted prior to start of work at each session.

Charge Hand

To ensure that all the works shall be executed as per direction of Supervisors/Foremen for all activities as per the planned schedule to achieve target.

Coordinate with respective disciplines of work and liaise with the Supervisors/Foremen for day to day activities.

Ensure pre task briefing is conducted prior to start of work at each session.

Referenced Documents

• Contract Document & Bill Of Quantities.
• Civil structural and architectural drawing issued for construction.
• Project Quality Plan
• Project HSE Plan
• Project Specifications.

Abbreviations

Main Contractor:

Consultant:

Client or Customer:

Site-in-charge: For the purpose of this procedure, the term Site-In-charge shall mean Project/Site Engineer.

Inspection and Testing

Site inspection/approval shall be in accordance with the approved Inspection and Test Plan for all activities in addition to the Quality Control Procedure and Project Quality Plan for the Project.

All the required site test shall be conducted as per the relevant sections in the specification documents for all disciplines.

Work Permits

All necessary work permits shall be obtained prior to the commencement of any activity at site and shall remain valid throughout the entire duration of the operation or as per the dates and times mentioned.

Safety Barriers and Site sign boards will be installed prior to the work commencement.

Health Safety and Environmental Procedures

Requirements of Health, Safety and Environmental for the project shall be in accordance with approved Project HSE Plan, the contract document and applicable legal requirements.

Before commencing of any work, the required and applicable work permits shall be checked and ensure all requirements of WP are complied and they are valid until completion of the activity and as per approved HSE plan.

All personnel accessing their site will wear the mandatory PPE.

Workmen and staff shall wear the mandatory and job specific Personnel Protective Equipment’s.

Pre-task briefing shall be conducted on every day before starting the day work.

Experienced and HSE inducted workmen shall be deployed for the work.

All personnel shall be cautioned while working near any live lines such as power cable, water lines, drainage lines, telecom etc.

Prior to commencement of work all workers shall be given pre-task briefing.

Hazards identified for the activity shall be disseminated during pre task briefing, especially for underground services, slip & trip, improper access, excavation tools handling, no access or egress, vehicle collision, heat exhaustion, which shall be identified and documented separately by permit to work system as per approved HSE plan.

First aid stations complete with all first aid equipment’s and trained first aiders shall be maintained for the initial care.

Safety and security procedures shall be implemented as a minimal, warning signs and lights, barricades, railing and other safeguards shall be provided as required by the nature and location of the work.

The environmental risk assessment and environmental management plans have to be reviewed for the work activities proposed in the method statement and necessary control measures to be suitable and adequate.

Electrical and mechanical waste will be segregated at source and transported to dedicated segregated waste storage area and not be allowed to accumulate on site in undesignated areas.

Concrete waste will be removed from work areas at regular intervals to designated areas.

Construction waste will be disposed as per local laws & client guidelines by licensed carrier to a licensed facility.

Housekeeping

Housekeeping is the act of keeping the working environment clean from all unnecessary waste materials.

The equipment/tools/materials required for the work shall be stored /stacked in such a manner so as to give a safe working atmosphere to the workforce at site.

All workplace areas shall be maintained clear of debris, waste and other rubbish, which shall be disposed of in segregated containers for disposal.

Adequate number of containers marked appropriate labels for storage and disposal of waste materials shall be strategically placed throughout the construction areas at all time.

Any spillages, such as oil or grease shall be immediately cleaned up, by absorption in inert sand or other suitable materials.

The materials for the particular work shall be stored at site so that there is no obstructions to the work or access to the workforce.

Debris, waste oil containers etc. shall be stacked and placed in a barricaded location away from the work areas and access routes.

Adequate fire precautions shall be in place.

Before leaving the site at end of day, it shall be ensured by the responsible person that the site area is cleaned and no obstruction is encountered for next day work.

Quality Control / Assurance Requirements

Quality Assurance and Control for the above mentioned activities shall be exercised and recorded in accordance with the contract documents, quality assurance documents and the approved Project Quality Plan for the project.

The quality assurance shall be ensured for workmanship, equipment’s and materials conformance to the applicable standards and requirements at every stage of the construction.

This shall be monitored by quality control personnel or designated substitute on the site during the construction / production / operation.

Quality assurance requirements shall also be imposed upon sub contractors, suppliers, manufacturers and any other parties associated and involved in the construction project.

Non-conforming materials shall be notified in writing to correct or remove the defective materials from the work site.

All inspections and tests shall be conducted in accordance with written test procedures as detailed in the Project Quality Plan and Inspection and Test Plan approved by the consulting engineers.

Applicable documents with latest version such as Inspection & Test Plan, Method Statements shall be readily available and used by inspection and test personnel at the time of inspection as referring documents.

Material approval shall be obtained for all the materials with reference to Client’s preferred vendor list, prior to commencement of activities.

Material Inspection Request (MIR) will be submitted to client upon material arrival to project site store/warehouse.

All materials must be stored properly as per the manufacturer’s recommendations and quality control procedures .

The material shelf life will be monitored as per Manufacturer’s data sheets.

• Site Engineer
• HSE Inspector
• QA/QC Inspector
• Steel Fixers
• Drivers & Technicians

Necessary Tools & Equipment’s

The following equipment’s and tools shall be used for the various activities.

• Self-Loaders
• Tipper Trucks / Trailers
• Water Tankers
• Rollers/Compactors
• Transit Mixers
• Concrete pump
• Dewatering pump
• Mobile crane
• Angle Grinders
• Drilling Machines
• Wheel Barrows
• Bagger mixer

Project Construction Methodology for Civil Work

Initial Survey & Site Checking

Upon receipt of Job Instruction / Drawing from Consultant Engineer, an initial site visit to be made along with the consultant representative to confirm the site and demarcations.

Proper Safety Fencing and site sign boards will be installed prior to the construction activities.

Setting Out

The foundation location of building shall be set out and elevations marked by the Land Surveyor using steel pins and paint markings.

In case of any obstruction or existing services, it shall be intimated to the Consultant and necessary modifications shall be carried out after getting approval from Consultant Engineer.

Excavation for Foundations

Prior to commencement of excavation, the location shall be checked to ascertain the type of soil to be excavated and appropriate equipment shall be deployed.

Excavation for structures shall be as per project specification requirements.

The excavation work for building shall be carried out by using excavator and the excavated soil to be tested for suitability and shall be stock piled at convenient locations at site if suitable for back filling purpose and surplus soil to be loaded in to the tippers and unloaded at designated location later.

Battered excavation slopes greater than 1.5 meter height shall be supported and all locations where the excavation extents below the ground water table, a dewatering system shall be provided which will lower ambient groundwater levels.

The resulting groundwater level shall be at depth which is sufficiently below the excavation level so as to allow the safe and proper execution of the work.

Excavated soil shall be piled at least 2.0 meter away from all the sides of the excavated area and the area shall be protected by barricading and unauthorized entry shall be restricted. For deep excavations more than 1.50 meter or average man height depth with loose soil, sides shall be protected by means of temporary shoring and strutting.

Excavation shall be carried out for a width of at least 500 mm beyond the horizontal outside limits of the building.

In narrow spaces, due to confined space condition suitable safety measures & ventilation shall be arranged.

On reaching the required level of excavation, the surface shall be leveled and cleaned of all traces of loose material.

All excavated areas shall be barricaded and appropriate signs shall be provided as required.

Over excavation should be provided with SRC 20 concrete to the required level.

Back filling and Compaction

Back filling material shall be as per project specification requirements.

Back filling shall be done in layers of not more than 250mm loose thickness and each layer thoroughly watered and rammed to ensure Minimum Dry Density of 95%.

Testing of compaction will be performed as directed by the engineer. Earth work under substructure shall be provided with anti-termite treatment for the approval of the Engineer.

Construction of RCC Foundation, Columns, Grade Beam, Roof Beam and Slab

The bottom of excavation shall be compacted and offered for inspection and testing by the consultant Engineer. Over excavation should be provided with SRC 20 concrete to the required Level.

On approval of above activity, 75mm thick blinding concrete shall be laid to the required levels and size, supplied from approved ready mix plant.

After completing the excavation works, activities for Foundation to be carried out first, followed with columns up to slab height completed later plinth and inside room work to be started.

Reinforcing Steel Works

Engineer’s approval will be obtained for reinforcement work before using in permanent works.

All reinforcement will be stored on racks inside the stores.

Different types & sizes will be kept separately.

All reinforcement will be kept to protect from damage, free from dirt, loose mill scale, rust scale paint, oil, or other foreign substances.

As per the specifications & drawing, the bar bending schedules & bar lists, cutting schedules for each individual structure will be prepared by the contractor and will obtained the approval from the engineer.

Manual cutter or mechanical cutter will be used for cutting of bars & bending machine will be used for bending of bars.

All reinforcement will be cleaned by a wire brush or any other means before placing.

Reinforcement placed should comply with the drawings. Lap length will be taken into account according to the project specification when binding reinforcement bars.

Form Work Construction Methodology

All formwork will be made by using plywood sheets, timber or by metal.

Supports and scaffolding will be GI pipes, Arco props, sawn timber or round timber.

All surfaces of formwork will be finished smooth and mortar tight.

The dimensions & position of formwork will be carefully checked after erection.

Oil or grease will be used to avoid adhesion of mortar and to achieve a smooth surface.

Before placing concrete all dirt, wood chips, hardened concrete or mortar and all other foreign matter will be removed from the forms.

Before fixing of form work, detailed drawing will be submitted to the engineer for approval.

Well qualified foreman will be appointed for fixing on formworks & reinforcement work.

Procedure for Placing of Concrete

The method for placing of concrete will be worked out to prevent segregation of the material & Engineer’s approval will be taken before concreting begins.

Before placing concrete all formwork therein will be cleaned of all extraneous material and dust and made free of any standing water.

In continuing concrete, fresh concrete will be placed before the already placed concrete is less than 20 minutes.

Concrete of specified grade will be placed & compacted in horizontal layers normally not exceeding 300mm in depth.

Concrete will not be dropped from a height greater than 1.5 meter to prevent segregation.

Concrete will be free of all rock pockets, honey combs & voids.

Complete Records showing the details of placing concrete in each part of the work will be maintained and will be available for inspection at the site.

Compacting / Vibrating of Concrete

Mechanical vibrators will be used for concrete compaction.

For this stand by units will be available in the site during the period of compacting.

All operators handling vibrators will be trained in their operation properly.

Curing of Concrete

Continuous curing will be carried out in a moist atmosphere for a minimum period of 10 days and for a further period required by engineer.

Concrete area will be kept covered with hessian clothes or Polyethylene sheets which will retain moist throughout the curing period.

Construction Joints Method

The surface of the hardened concrete will be cleaned and made free from laitance, and will also have an exposed aggregate finish.

The fresh concrete will be placed and compacted so that it bonds properly to the prepared surface of the previously laid concrete.

Laitance on the surface will be completely removed from the concrete in order to achieve a good bond with fresh concrete.

Between one and two hours after placing concrete, water will be sprayed gently and laitance will be removed with two brushes, one with soft and other with hard bristles.

After finishing this operation, just the tips of the aggregate should be visible.

If the laitance has hardened, a wire brush will be used to remove it.

Rinse with clean water to get rid of the dust.

Water stops in construction joints will be installed & approval for this will be taken from the engineer.

Checking Water Content & Slump Testing

Frequent slump test will be carried out in accordance with BS 1881 on samples of concrete taken immediately before placing to determine the consistency of concrete.

All the test reports will be maintained in the site office & will be available for the inspection whenever required.

Testing of Concrete

All necessary arrangements for the sampling & testing of fresh & harden concrete in accordance with the BS 1881 will be taken.

Crushing test will be carried out on concrete cubes formed in 150mm molds.

One set of cubes (2 cubes crushed in 7 days & other in 28days) will be done to maintain the quality of work.

Particular care will be taken to ensure that the test cubes are stored under uniform conditions in the site & during any transit between site & concrete testing laboratory.

Methodology for Waterproofing Works

Ensure that all preceding activities are completed which cannot be accessed after waterproofing works are inspected, released and approved.

Obtain MEP clearance and clearance from other specialist trades which may not be accessible after waterproofing, prior to commencing waterproofing works .

Rectify non-conforming conditions prior to commencing the waterproofing works.

Surface Preparation

All surfaces to receive waterproofing to be clean, dry and free from dirt, dust, oil and grease.

Wall Protrusions that likely to punch through the waterproofing films to be removed either by using a chipping hammer or grinder.

Prepare and level the concrete surfaces for waterproofing either by chipping, hacking or scraping the surface.

Repair the excessive pinholes, and similar imperfections (if any) to eliminate uneven surface.

Barricade the working area as to be a non trafficking passage.

Raise an inspection request for surface preparation (RFI) prior to the waterproofing work commences.

Installation of Accessories and marking of Waterproofing Levels

Immediately after the inspection use Viscose Elastic type adhesive tape at weak joints and sharp edges.

Marking of waterproofing application levels can be commenced at this stage.

Levels should be true, square and in plumb at locations as indicated on the approved shop drawings/IFC drawings.

Use suitable fasteners when required.

Install waterproof level pads also to serve as guides in controlling the final thickness of the waterproof and the finished plane of the waterproofed surface, relative to the accessories installed.

Waterproofing Application and Protection

Ensure all other trades in the said location are put on hold during the waterproof application so to protect and avoid any damage to the waterproofing layers.

Apply first coat using a manual brush application uniformly at a workable consistency.

Floor application should continue to the vertical wall face up to a minimum of 150mm as per the project specifications.

Ensure all surfaces to receive waterproofing fluid application firmly to achieve good adhesion and to be in one continuous operation.

Subsequent coats of waterproof may be commenced immediately after setting of the previous coat approximately 3 to 5 hours and as per the manufactures recommendations.

Second coat should be applied at a right angle to the first coat.

Finish coats to be fairly true to the plane with a homogenous finish.

Approved Bitumen Impregnated Protection Boards should be provided for protection with sufficient lapping as per the manufactures recommendation.

Footings shall be protected by 4mm thick waterproofing membrane sheets laid on concrete surfaces primed with bituthene primer.

Laid sheets shall be protected from Damage by using bituminous protection boards or 40mm SRC screed concrete as horizontal protection.

Vertical faces shall be protected against damage from backfilling by using protection boards.

All application shall be according to manufactures instructions only.

Approval shall be obtained from the Engineer prior to commence the backfilling works.

Masonry Work Methodology

Block works shall be done as per approved drawings and shall comply with project specifications.

All block works executed below ground level built with S.R.C cement and shall built in S.R.C mortar.

Normal weight Hollow Blocks having a minimum compressive strength of 7.0 N/mm2 shall be used.

Samples of each type of masonry unit and accessory shall be submitted to consultant for approval. Approval is mandatory before start of work.

Marking up of exact location of block walls and openings as per approved shop drawings shall be done before commencing the work.

Block marked areas shall be cleaned and wet before starting the activity for block work .

Mortar mix shall comply with project specifications and approved.

Walls shall be kept level at all times and carried up in a uniform manner. No part being raised more than 1500mm above any adjacent unbuilt course.

Angles & Reveals shall be kept true, square and plumb all the time.

Horizontal joints shall be leveled all the time and vertical joints in alternate courses shall be plumb and line.

Opening frames shall be set and maintained square, plumb, true and furnished with anchors.

Install reinforced concrete block lintels or GI steel lintels over openings as per approved shop drawing or cast in places as per specification.

Top of block partitions and sides will be supported by using galvanized steel anchors/ties as per approved shop drawings and material submittals.

Concrete block walls and partitions shall be reinforced horizontally each second course, last top course, second and third course above lintels and below sills of opening with the required over lap.

After completing of each section of the walls, cleaning shall be done to the down surfaces and curing will start immediately.

Final inspection shall be carried out for the entire work for approval of the engineer.

Plastering Work Methodology

Prepare surfaces for the smooth or non-absorbent solid surfaces that do not have the suction capability to receive a solid plaster bases by chipping, wire brushing or sand blasting, as appropriate.

Install beads at their locations plumbed and squared. And it will be best achieved by using galvanized nails or small quantities of mortar and as per manufacturer’s recommendations.

Now install the corner, control joints and movement beads at locations indicated in the drawings and manufacturer’s instructions.

Prepare plaster in a mechanical mixer, using sufficient water to produce a workable consistency and uniform color shall be used to mix a batch containing one bag of Portland cement, 5 parts aggregate, aerating plasticizer as per manufacturer’s recommendation for use over concrete unit masonry.

Spray water on the wall surface and throw the spatter dash mix (scratch coat) by using a spatter dash manual machine in a way to form a rough layer 3-5mm thick without any attempt to level or smooth it. The rough surface shall be kept damp with fine water spray or by covering with polyethylene sheet until it sets down.

Apply plaster/render coat after the scratch coat had hardened. Initially, a thin coat is troweled on the scratch coat to ensure a thorough bonding at the surface.

The remainder of the render coat is then built up using wooden float to receive textured finish until the required thickness met.

Apply final thin coat plastering using steel trowel on the interior surface to match with the Architect’s sample as specified.

The coating thickness shall not deviate more than +/- (6.4mm in 3m) from the trueness of the plastered finish, as measured with straight edge placed on the surface.

The newly applied external coatings shall be cured and protected against frost, heat, and rain for the first 48 hours using canvass, cloth or sheet, hung clear at the plaster surface.

Moist curing by applying a fine fog spray of water, generally twice daily in the morning and evening.

Method of Joinery Works

All the doors & louvers shall be Galvanized Steel (powder coated) as per approved drawings and specifications.

Openings should be complete with the necessary reference layout.

Doors should be distributed according to the layout and door code marking.

Level should be marked using proper level instrument showing clearly the floor finish level.

Lay-out of every floor, all areas to receive flooring.

Necessary reference lines and elevation shall be reflected using permanent pen marking.

Ensure the reference labels on delivered doors are correctly reflected from references provided and carefully inspected considering the code/mark per designated location.

The door is then positioned and with the lay-out reference string carefully positioning the door on both its horizontal and vertical alignment with the use of level bar plumbs.

Screws are drilled into the edges on locations where the frame will be supported until proper depth into the concrete wall.

With the frame fixed and pinholes or slots drilled into walls, prepare for the setting of the door following the procedure specified in the installation manual supplied by the door manufacturer.

Architrave shall be accurately shaped to fit the contour of the door frame surface.

Clearance around the door shall be +/-3 mm (unless otherwise specified) in order that door opens and closes without any obstacles by the door frame.

Protecting the door shall be done using proper cover.

Cleaning and removal of excess materials at the work area shall be done prior to the inspection and approval by the consultant.

Painting Methodology

Samples of all colors/textures and finishes shall be prepared in advance of requirement so as not to delay work and shall be submitted to Engineer for approval before any work is commenced.

Any work done without such approval shall be redone to the Engineer’s satisfaction, without additional expense to the Employer.

Manufacturer’s chart showing all the variety of paint/texture coating shall be submitted for color/texture selection.

The Engineer will furnish a schedule of color/texture of each area and surface.

All colors shall be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s selection.

Approved quality Weather Shield/Weather Coat paint shall be used for painting the exteriors of the structures or other surfaces where specified on the drawings as directed by the consulting engineer.

The plastic emulsion paint/vinyl emulsion paint or similar as approved by the Engineer shall be used for interior surfaces.

Textured coating wherever specified shall be acrylic resin based coating composed of acrylic copolymers, natural quartz, natural marble chips, metallic oxide, antibacterial and antifungal additives, and expanders, foaming and setting agents and shall be applied in accordance with approved manufacturer’s recommendations.

All material shall be delivered to site in their original unbroken containers or packages & shall bear the manufacturer’s name, label, brand & formula & will be mixed and applied in accordance with his directions.

All oil, grease, dirt, dust, loose mill scale and any other foreign substance shall be removed from the substrate surface to be painted/coated, polished and white washed by the use of a solvent and clean wiping material.

Following the solvent cleaning, the surface shall be cleaned by scrapping, chipping, blasting, wire brushing or other effective means as approved by the Engineer.

Surfaces of stainless steel, aluminum bronze and machined surfaces adjacent to metal work being cleaned or painted shall be protected by effective masking or other suitable means, during the cleaning and painting operations.

All the surfaces to be painted/coated with approved quality paint/coat shall be free from dust, dirt, fungus, lichen, algae etc.

Oil paint, varnish and lime wash should always be removed by scraping and washing.

Paints and coating materials shall be in a thoroughly mixed condition at the time of application.

All work shall be done in a workman like manner leaving the finished surface free from drips, ridges, waves, lapse and brush marks.

Paint shall be applied under dry and dust free conditions unless approved by the Engineer paint shall not be applied when the temperature of the metal or the surrounding air is below 7 degree centigrade.

Surface shall be free from moisture at the time of painting.

All primary paint shall be applied by brushing.

The first coat of paint shall be applied immediately after cleaning.

When paint is applied by spraying, suitable measures shall be taken to prevent segregation of the paint in the container during painting operation.

Effective means shall be adopted for the removing all free oil and moisture from the air supply lines of the spraying equipment.

Each coat of paint shall be allowed to dry or harden thoroughly before the succeeding coat is applied.

Surface to be painted that will be inaccessible after installation shall be completely painted prior to installation

Coats of Weather Shield Coat paint and textured coating shall be applied in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions or as directed by the Engineer.

For painting only as much material should be mixed as can be used up in one hour.

Over-thinning will not be permitted.

After the first coat the surface will be soaked evenly four or five times and the second coat shall be applied after leaving for at least overnight.

Where shown on drawings all the exterior finishes shall be painted/coated with Weather Shield/weather coat paint or texture coated in approved color/textures as per the manufacturer’s specifications.

The number of coats shall be shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.

Plastic emulsion paint, vinyl emulsion paint or matt enamel paint of the approved make and shade shall be applied to surfaces as shown on drawings as per manufacturer’s instructions.

Inspection Request to be submitted for checking and approval of the Engineer.

Construction Methodology for GRC Works

Material Samples as per Project specifications shall be submitted for the approval of finish, texture, color and thickness from Engineer.

The GRC panels shall be stored at site in a dry, clean and leveled area properly protected from any accidental damage.

Before erection the Site Engineer/Supervisor shall check the panel size as per the approved drawings, the color and texture with the approved sample and for any damage while loading & unloading. Any major defects, if noted, in any panel will be rejected and sent back to the Factory for replacement.

Prior to the starting of installation, the lifting equipment i.e. crane and the access to the site have to be arranged.

Prior to the starting of grc panel installation, co-ordinate with the Engineer and make sure that all levels and reference levels are as per the approved drawings .

Structural frames to be checked for their tolerance level.

Alignment is required for the exterior face of the panel and proper marking with string lines to be done prior to the start of installation.

Based on the confirmation of alignment and marking of fixing points, approved brackets are fixed to the structural frame.

The brackets and fixing are to be approved by the Consultant.

Ensure proper access to the fixing area from the storage area.

The GRC panels will be lifted with suitable lifting devices by using the lifting points provided by manufacturer.

The GRC panels are set level, plumb, square and true within the allowable tolerances and fixed to the bracket with suitable approved loose fixings.

After the Engineer checks the finishing of panels, sealant work is carried out according to the project specifications using the approved sealant and backing rod.

Utmost care shall be given to apply the joint sealant as to not stain the GRC panels.

Inspections are carried out by Consultant Engineer for approval.

The inspection of GRC elements shall carried out:

• After fixing of the panel for the alignment, plumpness and squareness (with allowable tolerances).
• On finishing the patching works prior to sealing the joints.
• After completion of the joint sealants when ready for final hand-over.

Health and Safety Requirements

Refer to the site safety policy for general safety controls.

One of the main aspects of this procedure is Safety and Health Control.

The purpose is to control occurrence of injuries as well as damage to equipment and properties during the entire construction period.

Tool Box meetings shall be conducted on every day before the start of the work.

Experienced workmen only shall be deployed for the work.

All personnel shall be cautioned while working near the pipes/ cables.

Hazard identification shall be done during toolbox meetings especially for hot weathers.

In order to ensure a safe working environment during the entire construction period, the following safety measures will be implemented for  Machinery and Equipment:

Prior to use any machinery/equipment at site, it shall be inspected and certified by qualified person.

Periodic Preventive Maintenance shall be made on all equipment and machineries.

All operators and driver are to be equipped with valid driver’s/operator’s license or permit from concerned government agency.

Only authorized drivers or operators will be allowed to operate machineries or equipment.

Also authorized signalman shall be assigned together with the operator or driver.

All lifting equipment as well as its accessories such as sling wire, nylon sling, shackles, chain blocks, crane hook and latch shall be inspected periodically.

Personal Protective Equipment:

PPE shall be issued to all workers such as safety shoes, hard hat, working gloves, ear plugs, safety goggles and safety belt and or safety harness for workers who will be assigned in elevated places. Wearing of the basic PPE shall be enforced fully.

Emergency contact numbers for Project Manager, Site Engineer and Safety officer shall be displayed on working area prominently.

You can download the construction methodology in pdf format by clicking the below link.

Also you can download complete civil work method statements from our portal page .

Download Construction Methodology for Building Construction Project Civil Work

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How to Write a Method Statement

Last Updated: July 22, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Pete Canalichio . Pete Canalichio is a Brand Strategist, Licensing Expert, and Founder of BrandAlive. With nearly 30 years of experience at companies such as Coca-Cola and Newell Brands, he specializes in helping brands find the most authentic parts of their story to build a brand strategy. Pete holds an MBA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a BS in Physics from the United States Naval Academy. In 2006, he won an MVP Award from Newell Brands for his contributions to their Global Licensing department. He’s also penned the award-winning book, Expand, Grow, Thrive. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 192,310 times.

Method statements are important documents that outline the way a process or task will be carried out. This statement (also referred to as a "safe system of work") will detail potential hazards and the steps that will be taken to complete the job safely. It will also include the control measures taken to ensure the lowest risk of hazard to those partaking in the process or work task. These statements are requested by companies that are considering hiring another company to complete a task and need to be sure that proper safety measures are being followed. It takes some practice to feel confident when you have to write a method statement, but, by following a few steps, you will quickly become more comfortable.

• Identify the work hazards (those that could potentially cause poor health or personal harm) that are inherent in the task.
• Analyze what has been done about these hazards and if these measures are enough to reduce the harm potential to an acceptable level.
• Decide what additional measures need to be taken to reduce harm if an acceptable level has not been met.

• A standard operating procedure or title.
• A site address.
• Your company name, address, logo and identifying details.
• Projected start and end dates for task.
• A description of the work to be conducted.
• The method statement's author and health and safety contacts.
• Other document-specific information such as the revision date and number, issue date and document number.

• Detail the type of personal protective equipment to be worn by workers.
• Describe any environmental or quality considerations and subsequent procedures.

• First aid procedures.
• The work staff and any training and personal protective equipment required.
• Work permits.
• Lock-off and machinery shutdown procedures.
• Egress and site access.
• The process for properly handling materials.
• Any scaffolding that will be used.

Expert Q&A

• Risk assessments are conducted to protect the health and safety of workers on the task or process first, and secondarily to meet legislative code. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

• Be sure to address the safety measures required to comply with legislative safety laws as well as measures to fulfill company policies. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.hsdirect.co.uk/free-resources/health-and-safety/free-method-statement-template/
• ↑ https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/your-industry/construction/construction/general-requirements-accordians/prepare-safe-work-method-statement
• ↑ https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/method-statement

About This Article

Medical Disclaimer

The content of this article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, examination, diagnosis, or treatment. You should always contact your doctor or other qualified healthcare professional before starting, changing, or stopping any kind of health treatment.

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Modern methods of construction -details and applications.

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What are Modern Methods of Construction?

Types of Modern Methods of Construction

Precast flat panel system.

• 3D Volumetric Modules

Flat Slab Construction

Precast cladding panels.

• Concrete Wall and Floors

Twin Wall Technology

• Precast Concrete Foundation
• Concrete Formwork Insulation

Fig.1. Precast Flat Panel System

3D Volumetric Construction

Fig.2: 3D Volumetric Construction

Fig.3.Flat Slab Construction

Precast Concrete Foundations

Fig.4. Precast Concrete Foundations

Fig.6: Twin Wall Technology

• The wall units are placed in the site.
• The twin units are propped temporarily.
• The wall units are later joined by means of reinforcing.
• The gap between the wall units are filled by means of concrete.

Insulating Concrete Formwork

Fig.7. Insulating Concrete Formwork

Fig.8. Precast Cladding Panels

Concrete Walls and Floors

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How to Write a Project Proposal (Examples & Template Included)

Table of Contents

Types of project proposals, project proposal vs. project charter, project proposal vs. business case, project proposal vs. project plan, project proposal outline, how to write a project proposal, project proposal example, project proposal tips, what is a project proposal.

A project proposal is a project management document that’s used to define the objectives and requirements of a project. It helps organizations and external project stakeholders agree on an initial project planning framework.

The main purpose of a project proposal is to get buy-in from decision-makers. That’s why a project proposal outlines your project’s core value proposition; it sells value to both internal and external project stakeholders. The intent of the proposal is to grab the attention of stakeholders and project sponsors. Then, the next step is getting them excited about the project summary.

Getting into the heads of the audience for which you’re writing the project proposal is vital: you need to think like the project’s stakeholders to deliver a proposal that meets their needs.

We’ve created a free project proposal template for Word to help structure documents, so you don’t have to remember the process each time.

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Project Proposal Template

Use this free Project Proposal Template for Word to manage your projects better.

In terms of types of project proposals, you can have one that’s formally solicited, informally solicited or a combination. There can also be renewal and supplemental proposals. Here’s a brief description of each of them.

• Solicited project proposal: This is sent as a response to a request for proposal (RFP) . Here, you’ll need to adhere to the RFP guidelines of the project owner.
• Unsolicited project proposal: You can send project proposals without having received a request for a proposal. This can happen in open bids for construction projects , where a project owner receives unsolicited project proposals from many contractors.
• Informal project proposal: This type of project proposal is created when a client asks for an informal proposal without an RFP.
• Renewal project proposal: You can use a renewal project proposal when you’re reaching out to past customers. The advantage is that you can highlight past positive results and future benefits.
• Continuation project proposal: A continuation project proposal is sent to investors and stakeholders to communicate project progress.
• Supplemental project proposal: This proposal is sent to investors to ask for additional resources during the project execution phase.

All the elements in the above project proposal outline are present in our template. This free project proposal template for Word will provide you with everything you need to write an excellent project proposal. It will help you with the executive summary, project process, deliverables, costs—even terms and conditions. Download your free template today.

A project proposal is a detailed project document that’s used to convince the project sponsor that the project being proposed is worth the time, money and effort to deliver it. This is done by showing how the project will address a business problem or opportunity. It also outlines the work that will be done and how it will be done.

A project charter can seem like the same thing as a project proposal as it also defines the project in a document. It identifies the project objectives, scope, goals, stakeholders and team. But it’s done after the project has been agreed upon by all stakeholders and the project has been accepted. The project charter authorizes the project and documents its requirements to meet stakeholders’ needs.

A business case is used to explain why the proposed project is justified. It shows that the project is worth the investment of time and money. It’s more commonly used in larger companies in the decision-making process when prioritizing one project over another.

The business case answers the questions: what is the project, why should it be taken up, who will be involved and how much will it cost? It’s therefore related to a project proposal, but the project proposal comes before the business case and is usually part of the larger proposal.

Again, the project proposal and the project plan in this case are very similar documents. It’s understandable that there would be some confusion between these two project terms. They both show how the project will be run and what the results will be. However, they’re not the same.

The project proposal is a document that aims to get a project approved and funded. It’s used to convince stakeholders of the viability of the project and their investment. The project plan, on the other hand, is made during the planning phase of the project, once it’s been approved. It’s a detailed outline of how the project will be implemented, including schedule, budget, resources and more.

There are several key operational and strategic questions to consider, including:

• Executive summary: This is the elevator pitch that outlines the project being proposed and why it makes business sense. While it also touches on the information that’ll follow in the project proposal, the executive summary should be brief and to the point.
• Project background: This is another short part of the proposal, usually only one page, which explains the problem you’ll solve or the opportunity you’re taking advantage of with the proposed project. Also, provide a short history of the business to put the company in context to the project and why it’s a good fit.
• Project vision & success criteria: State the goal of the project and how it aligns with the goals of the company. Be specific. Also, note the metrics used to measure the success of the project.
• Potential risks and mitigation strategies: There are always risks. Detail them here and what strategies you’ll employ to mitigate any negative impact as well as take advantage of any positive risk.
• Project scope & deliverables: Define the project scope, which is all the work that has to be done and how it will be done. Also, detail the various deliverables that the project will have.
• Set SMART goals: When setting goals, be SMART. That’s an acronym for specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. All your goals would be defined by those five things.
• Project approach: Define the approach you’ll use for the contract. There are several different types of contracts used in construction , for example, such as lump sum, cost plus, time and materials, etc. This is also a good place to describe the delivery method you’ll use.
• Expected benefits: Outline the benefits that will come from the successful completion of the project.
• Project resource requirements: List the resources, such as labor, materials, equipment, etc., that you’ll need to execute the project if approved.
• Project costs & budget: Detail all the costs, including resources, that’ll be required to complete the project and set up a budget to show how those costs will be spent over the course of the project.
• Project timeline: Lay out the project timeline , which shows the project from start to finish, including the duration of each phase and the tasks within it, milestones, etc.

In addition to these elements, it’s advisable to use a cover letter, which is a one-page document that helps you introduce your project proposal and grab the attention of potential clients and stakeholders.

To make the best proposal possible, you’ll want to be thorough and hit on all the points we’ve listed above. Here’s a step-by-step guide to writing a persuasive priority proposal.

1. Write an Executive Summary

The executive summary provides a quick overview of the main elements of your project proposal, such as your project background, project objectives and project deliverables, among other things. The goal is to capture the attention of your audience and get them excited about the project you’re proposing. It’s essentially the “elevator pitch” for the project life cycle. It should be short and to the point.

The executive summary should be descriptive and paint a picture of what project success looks like for the client. Most importantly, it should motivate the project client; after all, the goal is getting them to sign on the dotted line to get the project moving!

2. Provide a Project Background

The project background is a one-page section of your project proposal that explains the problem that your project will solve. You should explain when this issue started, its current state and how your project will be the ideal solution.

• Historic data: The history section outlines previously successful projects and those that could have run more smoothly. By doing so, this section establishes precedents and how the next project can be more effective using information from previous projects.
• Solution: The solution section addresses how your project will solve the client’s problem. Accordingly, this section includes any project management techniques , skills and procedures your team will use to work efficiently.

3. Establish a Project Vision & Success Criteria

You’ll need to define your project vision. This is best done with a vision statement, which acts as the north star for your project. It’s not specific as much as it’s a way to describe the impact your company plans to make with the project.

It’s also important to set up success criteria to show that the project is in fact doing what it’s proposed to do. Three obvious project success criteria are the triple constraint of cost, scope and time. But you’ll need to set up a way to measure these metrics and respond to them if they’re not meeting your plan.

4. Identify Potential Risks and Mitigation Strategies

To reduce the impact of risk in your project, you need to identify what those risks might be and develop a plan to mitigate them . List all the risks, prioritize them, describe what you’ll do to mitigate or take advantage of them and who on the team is responsible for keeping an eye out for them and resolving them.

5. Define Your Project Scope and Project Deliverables

The project scope refers to all the work that’ll be executed. It defines the work items, work packages and deliverables that’ll be delivered during the execution phase of your project life cycle. It’s important to use a work breakdown structure (WBS) to define your tasks and subtasks and prioritize them.

6. Set SMART Goals for Your Project Proposal

The best mindset when developing goals and objectives for your project proposal is to use the SMART system :

• Specific – Make sure your goals and objectives are clear, concise and specific to the task at hand.
• Measurable – Ensure your goals and objectives are measurable so it’s obvious to see when things are on track and going well, and conversely, when things are off track and issues need to be addressed. Measurable goals make it easy to develop the milestones you’ll use to track the progress of the project and identify a reasonable date for completion and/or closure.
• Attainable – It’s important every project has a “reach” goal. Hitting this goal would mean an outstanding project that extends above and beyond expectations. However, it’s important that the project’s core goal is attainable, so morale stays high and the job gets done with time and resources to spare.
• Relevant – Make sure all of your goals are directly relevant to the project and address the scope within which you’re working.
• Time-Based – Timelines and specific dates should be at the core of all goals and objectives. This helps keep the project on track and ensures all project team members can manage the work that’s ahead of them.

7. Explain What’s Your Project Approach

Your project approach defines the project management methodology , tools and governance for your project. In simple terms, it allows project managers to explain to stakeholders how the project will be planned, executed and controlled successfully.

8. Outline The Expected Benefits of Your Project Proposal

If you want to convince internal stakeholders and external investors, you’ll need to show them the financial benefits that your project could bring to their organization. You can use cost-benefit analysis and projected financial statements to demonstrate why your project is profitable.

9. Identify Project Resource Requirements

Project resources are critical for the execution of your project. The project proposal briefly describes what resources are needed and how they’ll be used. Later, during the planning phase, you’ll need to create a resource management plan that’ll be an important element of your project plan. Project requirements are the items, materials and resources needed for the project. This section should cover both internal and external needs.

10. Estimate Project Costs and Project Budget

All the resources that you’ll need for your project have a price tag. That’s why you need to estimate those costs and create a project budget . The project budget needs to cover all your project expenses, and as a project manager, you’ll need to make sure that you adhere to the budget.

11. Define a Project Timeline

Once you’ve defined your project scope, you’ll need to estimate the duration of each task to create a project timeline. Later during the project planning phase , you’ll need to create a schedule baseline, which estimates the total length of your project. Once the project starts, you’ll compare your actual project schedule to the schedule baseline to monitor progress.

Now let’s explore some project proposal examples to get a better understanding of how a project proposal would work in the real world. For this example, let’s imagine a city that’s about to build a rapid transit system. The city government has the funds to invest but lacks the technical expertise and resources that are needed to build it, so it issues a request for proposal (RFP) document and sends it to potential builders.

Then, the construction companies that are interested in executing this rapid transit project will prepare a project proposal for the city government. Here are some of the key elements they should include.

• Project background: The construction firm will provide an explanation of the challenges that the project presents from a technical perspective, along with historical data from similar projects that have been completed successfully by the company.
• Project vision & success criteria: Write a vision statement and explain how you’ll track the triple constraint to ensure the successful delivery of the project.
• Potential risks and mitigation strategies: List all risks and how they’ll be mitigated, and be sure to prioritize them.
• Project scope & deliverables: The work that’ll be done is outlined in the scope, including all the deliverables that’ll be completed over the life cycle of the project.
• Set SMART goals: Use the SMART technique to define your project goals by whether they’re specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound.
• Project approach: Define the methodology that the project manager will employ to manage the project. Also, figure out what type of contract will be used to define the project.
• Expected benefits: Show how the project will deliver advantages to the company and define what these benefits are in a quantifiable way.
• Project resource requirements: List all the resources, such as labor, materials, equipment, etc., needed to execute the project.
• Project costs & budget: Estimate the cost of the project and lay that out in a project budget that covers everything from start to finish.
• Project timeline: Outline the project schedule, including phases, milestones and task duration on a visual timeline.

Whatever project proposal you’re working on, there are a few tips that apply as best practices for all. While above we suggested a project proposal template that would have a table of contents, meaning it would be many pages long, the best-case scenario is keeping the proposal to one or two pages max. Remember, you’re trying to win over stakeholders, not bore them.

Speaking of project stakeholders , do the research. You want to address the right ones. There’s no point in doing all the work necessary to write a great proposal only to have it directed to the wrong target audience. Whoever is going to read it, though, should be able to comprehend the proposal. Keep the language simple and direct.

When it comes to writing, get a professional. Even a business document like a project proposal, business case or executive summary will suffer if it’s poorly constructed or has typos. If you don’t want to hire a professional business writer, make sure you get someone on your project team to copy, edit and proof the document. The more eyes on it, the less likely mistakes will make it to the final edition.

While you want to keep the proposal short and sweet, it helps to sweeten the pot by adding customer testimonials to the attachments. Nothing sells a project plan better than a customer base looking for your product or service.

ProjectManager & Project Proposals

ProjectManager allows you to plan proposals within our software. You can update tasks for the project proposal to signify where things stand and what’s left to be done. The columns allow you to organize your proposal by section, creating a work breakdown structure (WBS) of sorts.

When building a project proposal, it’s vital to remember your target audience. Your audience includes those who are excited about the project, and see completion as a gain for their organization. Conversely, others in your audience will see the project as a pain and something to which they aren’t looking forward. To keep both parties satisfied, it’s essential to keep language factual and concise.

Our online kanban boards help you think through that language and collaborate on it effectively with other team members, if necessary. Each card shows the percentage completed so everyone in the project management team is aware of the work done and what’s left to be done.

As you can see from the kanban board above, work has begun on tasks such as product documentation and design. Tasks regarding stakeholder feedback, ideation, market research and more have been completed, and there’s a good start on the engineering drawings, 3D rendering, supply chain sourcing and translation services.

A PDF is then attached to the card, and everyone added to the task receives an email notifying them of the change. This same process can be used throughout the life-cycle of the project to keep the team updated, collaborating, and producing a first-class project proposal. In addition to kanban boards, you can also use other project management tools such as Gantt charts , project dashboards, task lists and project calendars to plan, schedule and track your projects.

Project proposals are just the first step in the project planning process. Once your project is approved, you’ll have to solidify the plan, allocate and manage resources, monitor the project, and finally hand in your deliverables. This process requires a flexible, dynamic and robust project management software package. ProjectManager is online project management software that helps all your team members collaborate and manage this process in real-time. Try our award-winning software with this free 30-day trial .

Deliver your projects on time and on budget

Start planning your projects.

How To Write The Methodology Chapter

The what, why & how explained simply (with examples).

By: Jenna Crossley (PhD) | Reviewed By: Dr. Eunice Rautenbach | September 2021 (Updated April 2023)

So, you’ve pinned down your research topic and undertaken a review of the literature – now it’s time to write up the methodology section of your dissertation, thesis or research paper . But what exactly is the methodology chapter all about – and how do you go about writing one? In this post, we’ll unpack the topic, step by step .

Overview: The Methodology Chapter

• The purpose  of the methodology chapter
• Why you need to craft this chapter (really) well
• How to write and structure the chapter
• Methodology chapter example
• Essential takeaways

What (exactly) is the methodology chapter?

The methodology chapter is where you outline the philosophical underpinnings of your research and outline the specific methodological choices you’ve made. The point of the methodology chapter is to tell the reader exactly how you designed your study and, just as importantly, why you did it this way.

Importantly, this chapter should comprehensively describe and justify all the methodological choices you made in your study. For example, the approach you took to your research (i.e., qualitative, quantitative or mixed), who  you collected data from (i.e., your sampling strategy), how you collected your data and, of course, how you analysed it. If that sounds a little intimidating, don’t worry – we’ll explain all these methodological choices in this post .

Why is the methodology chapter important?

The methodology chapter plays two important roles in your dissertation or thesis:

Firstly, it demonstrates your understanding of research theory, which is what earns you marks. A flawed research design or methodology would mean flawed results. So, this chapter is vital as it allows you to show the marker that you know what you’re doing and that your results are credible .

Secondly, the methodology chapter is what helps to make your study replicable. In other words, it allows other researchers to undertake your study using the same methodological approach, and compare their findings to yours. This is very important within academic research, as each study builds on previous studies.

The methodology chapter is also important in that it allows you to identify and discuss any methodological issues or problems you encountered (i.e., research limitations ), and to explain how you mitigated the impacts of these. Every research project has its limitations , so it’s important to acknowledge these openly and highlight your study’s value despite its limitations . Doing so demonstrates your understanding of research design, which will earn you marks. We’ll discuss limitations in a bit more detail later in this post, so stay tuned!

Need a helping hand?

How to write up the methodology chapter

First off, it’s worth noting that the exact structure and contents of the methodology chapter will vary depending on the field of research (e.g., humanities, chemistry or engineering) as well as the university . So, be sure to always check the guidelines provided by your institution for clarity and, if possible, review past dissertations from your university. Here we’re going to discuss a generic structure for a methodology chapter typically found in the sciences.

Before you start writing, it’s always a good idea to draw up a rough outline to guide your writing. Don’t just start writing without knowing what you’ll discuss where. If you do, you’ll likely end up with a disjointed, ill-flowing narrative . You’ll then waste a lot of time rewriting in an attempt to try to stitch all the pieces together. Do yourself a favour and start with the end in mind .

Section 1 – Introduction

As with all chapters in your dissertation or thesis, the methodology chapter should have a brief introduction. In this section, you should remind your readers what the focus of your study is, especially the research aims . As we’ve discussed many times on the blog, your methodology needs to align with your research aims, objectives and research questions. Therefore, it’s useful to frontload this component to remind the reader (and yourself!) what you’re trying to achieve.

In this section, you can also briefly mention how you’ll structure the chapter. This will help orient the reader and provide a bit of a roadmap so that they know what to expect. You don’t need a lot of detail here – just a brief outline will do.

Section 2 – The Methodology

The next section of your chapter is where you’ll present the actual methodology. In this section, you need to detail and justify the key methodological choices you’ve made in a logical, intuitive fashion. Importantly, this is the heart of your methodology chapter, so you need to get specific – don’t hold back on the details here. This is not one of those “less is more” situations.

Let’s take a look at the most common components you’ll likely need to cover. 

Methodological Choice #1 – Research Philosophy

Research philosophy refers to the underlying beliefs (i.e., the worldview) regarding how data about a phenomenon should be gathered , analysed and used . The research philosophy will serve as the core of your study and underpin all of the other research design choices, so it’s critically important that you understand which philosophy you’ll adopt and why you made that choice. If you’re not clear on this, take the time to get clarity before you make any further methodological choices.

While several research philosophies exist, two commonly adopted ones are positivism and interpretivism . These two sit roughly on opposite sides of the research philosophy spectrum.

Positivism states that the researcher can observe reality objectively and that there is only one reality, which exists independently of the observer. As a consequence, it is quite commonly the underlying research philosophy in quantitative studies and is oftentimes the assumed philosophy in the physical sciences.

Contrasted with this, interpretivism , which is often the underlying research philosophy in qualitative studies, assumes that the researcher performs a role in observing the world around them and that reality is unique to each observer . In other words, reality is observed subjectively .

These are just two philosophies (there are many more), but they demonstrate significantly different approaches to research and have a significant impact on all the methodological choices. Therefore, it’s vital that you clearly outline and justify your research philosophy at the beginning of your methodology chapter, as it sets the scene for everything that follows.

Methodological Choice #2 – Research Type

The next thing you would typically discuss in your methodology section is the research type. The starting point for this is to indicate whether the research you conducted is inductive or deductive .

Inductive research takes a bottom-up approach , where the researcher begins with specific observations or data and then draws general conclusions or theories from those observations. Therefore these studies tend to be exploratory in terms of approach.

Conversely , d eductive research takes a top-down approach , where the researcher starts with a theory or hypothesis and then tests it using specific observations or data. Therefore these studies tend to be confirmatory in approach.

Related to this, you’ll need to indicate whether your study adopts a qualitative, quantitative or mixed  approach. As we’ve mentioned, there’s a strong link between this choice and your research philosophy, so make sure that your choices are tightly aligned . When you write this section up, remember to clearly justify your choices, as they form the foundation of your study.

Methodological Choice #3 – Research Strategy

Next, you’ll need to discuss your research strategy (also referred to as a research design ). This methodological choice refers to the broader strategy in terms of how you’ll conduct your research, based on the aims of your study.

Several research strategies exist, including experimental , case studies , ethnography , grounded theory, action research , and phenomenology . Let’s take a look at two of these, experimental and ethnographic, to see how they contrast.

Experimental research makes use of the scientific method , where one group is the control group (in which no variables are manipulated ) and another is the experimental group (in which a specific variable is manipulated). This type of research is undertaken under strict conditions in a controlled, artificial environment (e.g., a laboratory). By having firm control over the environment, experimental research typically allows the researcher to establish causation between variables. Therefore, it can be a good choice if you have research aims that involve identifying causal relationships.

Ethnographic research , on the other hand, involves observing and capturing the experiences and perceptions of participants in their natural environment (for example, at home or in the office). In other words, in an uncontrolled environment.  Naturally, this means that this research strategy would be far less suitable if your research aims involve identifying causation, but it would be very valuable if you’re looking to explore and examine a group culture, for example.

As you can see, the right research strategy will depend largely on your research aims and research questions – in other words, what you’re trying to figure out. Therefore, as with every other methodological choice, it’s essential to justify why you chose the research strategy you did.

Methodological Choice #4 – Time Horizon

The next thing you’ll need to detail in your methodology chapter is the time horizon. There are two options here: cross-sectional and longitudinal . In other words, whether the data for your study were all collected at one point in time (cross-sectional) or at multiple points in time (longitudinal).

The choice you make here depends again on your research aims, objectives and research questions. If, for example, you aim to assess how a specific group of people’s perspectives regarding a topic change over time , you’d likely adopt a longitudinal time horizon.

Another important factor to consider is simply whether you have the time necessary to adopt a longitudinal approach (which could involve collecting data over multiple months or even years). Oftentimes, the time pressures of your degree program will force your hand into adopting a cross-sectional time horizon, so keep this in mind.

Methodological Choice #5 – Sampling Strategy

Next, you’ll need to discuss your sampling strategy . There are two main categories of sampling, probability and non-probability sampling.

Probability sampling involves a random (and therefore representative) selection of participants from a population, whereas non-probability sampling entails selecting participants in a non-random  (and therefore non-representative) manner. For example, selecting participants based on ease of access (this is called a convenience sample).

The right sampling approach depends largely on what you’re trying to achieve in your study. Specifically, whether you trying to develop findings that are generalisable to a population or not. Practicalities and resource constraints also play a large role here, as it can oftentimes be challenging to gain access to a truly random sample. In the video below, we explore some of the most common sampling strategies.

Methodological Choice #6 – Data Collection Method

Next up, you’ll need to explain how you’ll go about collecting the necessary data for your study. Your data collection method (or methods) will depend on the type of data that you plan to collect – in other words, qualitative or quantitative data.

Typically, quantitative research relies on surveys , data generated by lab equipment, analytics software or existing datasets. Qualitative research, on the other hand, often makes use of collection methods such as interviews , focus groups , participant observations, and ethnography.

So, as you can see, there is a tight link between this section and the design choices you outlined in earlier sections. Strong alignment between these sections, as well as your research aims and questions is therefore very important.

Methodological Choice #7 – Data Analysis Methods/Techniques

The final major methodological choice that you need to address is that of analysis techniques . In other words, how you’ll go about analysing your date once you’ve collected it. Here it’s important to be very specific about your analysis methods and/or techniques – don’t leave any room for interpretation. Also, as with all choices in this chapter, you need to justify each choice you make.

What exactly you discuss here will depend largely on the type of study you’re conducting (i.e., qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods). For qualitative studies, common analysis methods include content analysis , thematic analysis and discourse analysis . In the video below, we explain each of these in plain language.

For quantitative studies, you’ll almost always make use of descriptive statistics , and in many cases, you’ll also use inferential statistical techniques (e.g., correlation and regression analysis). In the video below, we unpack some of the core concepts involved in descriptive and inferential statistics.

In this section of your methodology chapter, it’s also important to discuss how you prepared your data for analysis, and what software you used (if any). For example, quantitative data will often require some initial preparation such as removing duplicates or incomplete responses . Similarly, qualitative data will often require transcription and perhaps even translation. As always, remember to state both what you did and why you did it.

Section 3 – The Methodological Limitations

With the key methodological choices outlined and justified, the next step is to discuss the limitations of your design. No research methodology is perfect – there will always be trade-offs between the “ideal” methodology and what’s practical and viable, given your constraints. Therefore, this section of your methodology chapter is where you’ll discuss the trade-offs you had to make, and why these were justified given the context.

Methodological limitations can vary greatly from study to study, ranging from common issues such as time and budget constraints to issues of sample or selection bias . For example, you may find that you didn’t manage to draw in enough respondents to achieve the desired sample size (and therefore, statistically significant results), or your sample may be skewed heavily towards a certain demographic, thereby negatively impacting representativeness .

In this section, it’s important to be critical of the shortcomings of your study. There’s no use trying to hide them (your marker will be aware of them regardless). By being critical, you’ll demonstrate to your marker that you have a strong understanding of research theory, so don’t be shy here. At the same time, don’t beat your study to death . State the limitations, why these were justified, how you mitigated their impacts to the best degree possible, and how your study still provides value despite these limitations .

Section 4 – Concluding Summary

Finally, it’s time to wrap up the methodology chapter with a brief concluding summary. In this section, you’ll want to concisely summarise what you’ve presented in the chapter. Here, it can be a good idea to use a figure to summarise the key decisions, especially if your university recommends using a specific model (for example, Saunders’ Research Onion ).

Importantly, this section needs to be brief – a paragraph or two maximum (it’s a summary, after all). Also, make sure that when you write up your concluding summary, you include only what you’ve already discussed in your chapter; don’t add any new information.

Methodology Chapter Example

In the video below, we walk you through an example of a high-quality research methodology chapter from a dissertation. We also unpack our free methodology chapter template so that you can see how best to structure your chapter.

Wrapping Up

And there you have it – the methodology chapter in a nutshell. As we’ve mentioned, the exact contents and structure of this chapter can vary between universities , so be sure to check in with your institution before you start writing. If possible, try to find dissertations or theses from former students of your specific degree program – this will give you a strong indication of the expectations and norms when it comes to the methodology chapter (and all the other chapters!).

Also, remember the golden rule of the methodology chapter – justify every choice ! Make sure that you clearly explain the “why” for every “what”, and reference credible methodology textbooks or academic sources to back up your justifications.

If you need a helping hand with your research methodology (or any other component of your research), be sure to check out our private coaching service , where we hold your hand through every step of the research journey. Until next time, good luck!

Psst... there’s more!

This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

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Construction Project Management Tips And Best Practices

Published: Aug 28, 2024, 8:40am

Table of Contents

What is construction project management, why is project management important for construction, challenges in construction project management, 9 tips and best practices for construction project management, bottom line, frequently asked questions (faqs).

Whether it’s a single dwelling or a shopping complex, every construction project has multiple moving parts. Using construction project management can elevate the quality, efficiency and profitability of the projects through effective planning, execution and supervision.

These essential best practices can help guide your approach to managing construction projects successfully. From foundational principles to advanced strategies, our tips will enhance your skills and equip you with the knowledge to tackle challenges head-on, ensuring your projects meet and exceed expectations.

Construction project management is the disciplined approach to managing construction projects, encompassing a wide range of functions from inception to completion. It involves detailed planning, coordination, budget management, vendor management and problem-solving to ensure projects are completed on time, within budget and to the required quality standards.

Construction project management is a specialized form of project management that addresses the unique challenges of construction projects, including design complexities, regulatory compliance, material procurement, labor management and delivery management. By applying effective project management principles, construction managers can streamline processes, avoid common pitfalls and achieve their project objectives efficiently.

Key Stakeholders in Construction Projects

Here is a list of common roles and responsibilities in construction project management.

• Project Owner: The individual or entity that finances the project is the project owner. They have a vested interest in its successful completion within the agreed-upon budget and timeframe.
• Project Manager: This role oversees the project’s planning, execution, monitoring and closure. They are the link between the project’s operational team and the project owner.
• Architects and Design Engineers: These professionals are tasked with designing the project, ensuring the designs meet the owner’s requirements and complying with local regulations.
• Contractors and Subcontractors: Contractors manage the actual construction work, and subcontractors specialize in specific areas, such as electrical, plumbing or roofing.
• Suppliers: They provide the materials and equipment necessary for the construction project. Their timely delivery is crucial for project schedules.
• Local Government and Regulatory Bodies: These stakeholders ensure the project complies with all local, state and federal regulations, issuing necessary permits and conducting inspections.
• Community: The local community can be a stakeholder, especially if the construction project impacts local traffic, environment or economy.
• Financial Institutions: If the project is financed through loans, banks or other financial institutions, they become stakeholders. They are interested in the project’s timely completion and financial success.
• Legal Advisors: They provide counsel regarding contracts, regulations and potential disputes among stakeholders.
• Labor Unions: If the construction workforce is unionized, labor unions play a role in negotiations concerning wages, working conditions and labor practices.

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Effective project management is crucial for maintaining profitability, enhancing reputation and ensuring the long-term success of any business. It is especially critical for construction businesses because they have many teams and stakeholders involved in a given project.

Project management for construction projects provides a structured framework to enable teams to work more cohesively and effectively on projects of any size or complexity. Good project management ensures that projects are delivered on time and within budget while also meeting or exceeding industry standards and customer expectations. It minimizes risks, optimizes resource allocation and improves communication among stakeholders, thereby reducing the likelihood of project failures, delays and cost overruns.

Construction project management has challenges that can hinder project progress and affect overall success. Understanding these hurdles is critical for taking a proactive approach to problem-solving and adapting to changing conditions and requirements of construction management .

• Project Delays: Construction projects often face delays due to various factors such as weather conditions, unforeseen site issues, delays in material supply or labor shortages.
• Budget Overruns: Staying within the project budget is a significant challenge, with unexpected expenses often arising from changes in project scope, increased material costs or design modifications.
• Quality Control: Maintaining high standards of quality throughout the construction process is crucial. Issues related to workmanship, materials or noncompliance with specifications can lead to rework and affect the project timeline and budget.
• Safety Concerns: Construction sites are fraught with safety risks. Ensuring the safety of workers and compliance with occupational health and safety regulations is paramount.
• Communication Breakdowns: Effective communication among all stakeholders, including clients, contractors and team members, is key to the smooth execution of construction projects. Miscommunication can lead to errors, delays and dissatisfaction.
• Regulatory and Legal Issues: Navigating the complex landscape of regulatory compliance and legal requirements is another challenge. Staying informed about local, state and federal regulations and obtaining all necessary permits in advance is necessary for successful project completion.
• Technological Integration: While technology can significantly improve efficiency and productivity in construction project management, integrating new tools and systems can be challenging.
• Environmental Concerns: Environmental sustainability, which covers aspects such as waste management, pollution control and resource conservation, is becoming increasingly important in construction.
• Stakeholder Expectations: Balancing the expectations of various stakeholders, including clients, investors and community members, can be challenging.

Here are some tips to help you navigate the challenges posed by construction projects.

1. Establish Clear Objectives and Scope

Defining clear objectives and a detailed project scope at the outset is crucial. This ensures that all team members understand the goals, deliverables and limitations of the project. A well-defined scope helps prevent scope creep, which can lead to project delays and budget overruns.

2. Implement Robust Planning and Scheduling

Effective planning and scheduling are key to a construction project’s success. Use tools such as Gantt charts or project management software to outline each phase of the project, from pre-construction to completion. Detailed schedules help track progress, manage timelines and allocate resources efficiently.

3. Embrace Technology and Software Solutions

Leveraging technology can significantly enhance project management efficiency. Construction management software offers tools for scheduling, budgeting, communication and documentation. Implementing the right technology streamlines processes, facilitates better communication and offers real-time insights into project progress.

4. Effective Resource Allocation

Optimal resource allocation, including labor, materials and equipment, is essential. Plan your resource use meticulously to avoid shortages or excesses that can lead to delays or increased costs. Regularly reviewing resource allocation throughout the project can help you make necessary adjustments promptly.

5. Ensure Strong Communication Channels

Maintaining open and effective communication channels among all stakeholders, including contractors, subcontractors, clients and team members, is vital. Clear communication prevents misunderstandings and ensures everyone is aligned with the project objectives and progress.

6. Risk Management and Mitigation

Identify potential risks early in the project and develop strategies to mitigate them. Risks might include safety hazards, supply chain issues or regulatory changes. Effective risk management involves continuous monitoring and being prepared to implement contingency plans as necessary.

7. Focus on Quality Control

Quality control is nonnegotiable in construction project management. Implement regular inspections and quality assurance procedures to ensure that all aspects of the project meet or exceed the required standards. Quality control affects not only the durability and safety of the construction but also the project’s overall success and client satisfaction.

8. Legal and Regulatory Compliance

Stay informed about and comply with all relevant laws, regulations and building codes. Noncompliance can result in legal penalties, project delays and additional costs. Understanding and adhering to legal requirements is crucial for smooth project execution.

9. Continuous Learning and Improvement

The construction industry is constantly evolving, with new techniques, materials and technologies emerging. Embrace a culture of continuous learning and improvement within your team. Encourage feedback, learn from each project and apply these lessons to enhance future project outcomes.

Clear objectives, robust planning and the right tools and technologies are essential for successfully managing any construction project. It is also important to optimize resource allocation, establish strong communication protocols and focus on quality control to navigate the complexities of construction projects. Adhering to legal requirements and meeting sustainability norms is vital for long-term success.

What are the four types of management in construction?

The four types of management are project management, cost management, time management and quality management. Project management oversees the planning, execution and completion of the project, ensuring it meets specified goals. Cost management involves budget planning, cost control and financial tracking to keep the project within the allocated budget. Time management focuses on schedule planning and tracking to ensure the project is completed on time. Quality management ensures that the construction meets or exceeds the required standards and specifications through quality planning, assurance and control.

What are the steps in construction project management?

The steps in construction project management are initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing. Initiation involves defining the project at a broad level and obtaining necessary approvals. Planning encompasses detailing the project scope, schedule, budget and resources and identifying potential risks. In the execution phase, the project plan is put into action and the construction work begins. Monitoring and controlling involves tracking the project’s progress against the plan and making adjustments as necessary. Closing includes finalizing all activities, ensuring all contractual obligations are fulfilled and delivering and formally closing the project.

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A seasoned small business and technology writer and educator with more than 20 years of experience, Shweta excels in demystifying complex tech tools and concepts for small businesses. Her work has been featured in NewsWeek, Huffington Post and more. Her postgraduate degree in computer management fuels her comprehensive analysis and exploration of tech topics.