Stuckey and Nobel (2010) noted, "it has been shown that music can calm neural activity in the brain, which may lead to reductions in anxiety, and that it may help to restore effective functioning in the immune system." |
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Note: This example is a direct quote. It is an exact quotation directly from the text of the article. All direct quotes should appear in quotation marks: "...."
Try keeping direct quotes to a minimum in your writing. You need to show your understanding of the source material by being able to paraphrase or summarize it.
List the author’s last name only (no initials) and the year the information was published, like this:
(Dodge, 2008 ). ( Author , Date).
IF you use a direct quote, add the page number to your citation, like this:
( Dodge , 2008 , p. 125 ).
( Author , Date , page number )
Credit these sources when you mention their information in any way: direct quotation, paraphrase, or summarize.
What should you credit?
Any information that you learned from another source, including:
● statistics
EXCEPTION: Information that is common knowledge: e.g., The Bronx is a borough of New York City.
Quick help with apa 7 citations.
Download the In-text Citations presentation (above) for an in-depth look at how to correctly cite your sources in the text of your paper.
Paraphrasing activity from the excelsior owl, in-text citation quiz.
More than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations are presented in the seventh edition Publication Manual . Examples of the most common works that writers cite are provided on this page; additional examples are available in the Publication Manual .
To find the reference example you need, first select a category (e.g., periodicals) and then choose the appropriate type of work (e.g., journal article ) and follow the relevant example.
When selecting a category, use the webpages and websites category only when a work does not fit better within another category. For example, a report from a government website would use the reports category, whereas a page on a government website that is not a report or other work would use the webpages and websites category.
Also note that print and electronic references are largely the same. For example, to cite both print books and ebooks, use the books and reference works category and then choose the appropriate type of work (i.e., book ) and follow the relevant example (e.g., whole authored book ).
Examples on these pages illustrate the details of reference formats. We make every attempt to show examples that are in keeping with APA Style’s guiding principles of inclusivity and bias-free language. These examples are presented out of context only to demonstrate formatting issues (e.g., which elements to italicize, where punctuation is needed, placement of parentheses). References, including these examples, are not inherently endorsements for the ideas or content of the works themselves. An author may cite a work to support a statement or an idea, to critique that work, or for many other reasons. For more examples, see our sample papers .
Reference examples are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Chapter 10 and the Concise Guide Chapter 10
Textual works are covered in Sections 10.1–10.8 of the Publication Manual . The most common categories and examples are presented here. For the reviews of other works category, see Section 10.7.
Data sets are covered in Section 10.9 of the Publication Manual . For the software and tests categories, see Sections 10.10 and 10.11.
Audiovisual media are covered in Sections 10.12–10.14 of the Publication Manual . The most common examples are presented together here. In the manual, these examples and more are separated into categories for audiovisual, audio, and visual media.
Online media are covered in Sections 10.15 and 10.16 of the Publication Manual . Please note that blog posts are part of the periodicals category.
Home ➔ Citation Questions ➔ How to Cite an Article in an Essay? (APA and MLA)
Before we get to all the different cases that change the way to cite an article in your essay, we must clarify a couple of things first.
Note: For references, you can try our free online tools that support many styles — Citation Generators.
Usually, your assignment sheet instructions say what style you must stick to. If it doesn’t, ask your tutor for help.
Indicating your citations in the essay’s body is meant to be as short and as readable as possible. It’s quite different from the references pages where you indicate tons of details about the source. Your in-text citation is a link to the works cited page at the end of your paper.
There are two ways of using a quote in an essay MLA. The in-text method requires only the page number of the source used in parentheses at the end of the quote. The parenthetical one requires you to include both the author’s last name and the page number.
The author’s words are left unchanged and enclosed within quotation marks. Examples:
Use the author’s last name before the quote.
Smith states, “Citing an article in your essay correctly is fundamental if you want to avoid plagiarism” (26).
Don’t use the author’s last name before the quote.
The report states, “There are two ways of in-text citation” (Smith 26).
Use a lengthy excerpt (block quote) without quotation marks but with left indentation (half an inch). Moreover, note that you will have to place a period before the parentheses. A quote is regarded as long if it takes four or more lines in your essay.
Smith elaborates further: All the citation rules might seem too complicated, especially if you haven’t dealt with them before. One of the reasons for that could be the fact that students neglect to buy a corresponding style manual or to consult with their tutor. (26)
Note: If you refer to a web source or an article with no pagination, don’t mention the page number at all.
When paraphrasing the source , you don’t have to use quotation marks:
According to Smith, you must learn how to cite a source in your essay not to plagiarize (26).
Sometimes, you might choose to paraphrase individual quotes from multiple pages. In such a case, you can indicate the pages or a page range separated by a comma like this: (Smith 26, 28, 31-33).
Case 1: two authors.
Just use “and” to separate them. For instance:
Moisson and Zakher have found that “Having a 20-minute nap during the day improves information retention by 500%” (127).
“Napping three times a week lowers the risk of dying of heart disease by 37%” (Moisson and Zakher 127).
Mention the last name of the first author followed by “et al.” (which means “and others”). For example:
“Daytime napping brings many advantages” (Moisson et al. 127).
The author’s name might be unknown. If it’s the case, use the first several words from the article’s title but omit “A,” “An,” or “The” at the beginning. It can be written in quotes or italics, depending on how it’s written in your list of references. The number of words you pick to use depends on the title. You want as many as to make it clear for the reader what source the quote is from. For example:
( Astrophysics 221) or (“Global Warming” 310)
To avoid confusion, use the author’s initials or their full names (if the initials are also identical) like this:
Some researchers claim that North America’s global warming early signs were enough to start taking measures (H. Black 22), others refuse to even acknowledge global warming as a planet-scale issue (T. Black 35).
Take a look at some more examples of MLA in-text citations with their respective reference entries.
On October 1, 2019, Hanoi (Vietnam) became the leader in the list of cities with the highest levels of air pollution. (Smith 3)
Works Cited page
3. Smith, Thomas. “Hanoi Wrapped in Clouds.” The Morning Sun [Houston, TX] 1 Oct. 2019, p. 7.
Features of the child’s interaction with their relatives, the degree of relatives’ responsiveness to the signals received from the child, and the completeness of satisfying their needs in many aspects determine the nature of relations with people formed from the first years of life. (Spencer 5)
5. Spencer, Laura. “Aggressive behavior in adolescents and the identity of the parents.” Psychological Science and Education , vol. 50, no. 5, 2018, p. 14.
To restore the movement of qi energy, the doctor acts on certain acupuncture points — areas where the meridians come closest to the surface of the body. (Turnbull 5)
5. Turnbull, Katarina. “The Best Procedures for Your Vitality.” The Health, 19 May. 2018, p. 70.
The construction of the Okayama castle complex was completed in 1615, and the castle served as a residence for local daimyo (feudal lords) throughout the entire Edo period (XVII-XIX century). (Gilliam 2)
1. Gilliam, Szymon. “Cities with Historic Gardens.” Big in Japan, 3 Apr. 2019, p. 24.
Research on social networks in higher education institutions usually focuses on one of the two main groups of participants — teachers or students. (Kent 8)
8. Kent, Oscar. ” Social Networks of Students: Factors of Formation and Influence On Education.” Education Today, vol.11, no. 2, 2018, p.31 .
This style is the most commonly adopted one in the fields of health and social sciences. Remember to include all the articles you used in the references at the end of your essay .
To cite in an essay, using APA style, you will need to include the author’s name, the date of publication, and the page number where you found the information.
If compared to MLA, APA style is a bit more complicated and requires the writer to specify more details. Apart from the author’s last name and the page number, you’d also need to include the year of publication.
Smith states (2005), “Citing an article in your essay properly is essential to avoid plagiarism” (p. 26).
The manual states, “There are two ways of in-text citation” (Smith, 2005, p. 26).
In APA, a quote is recognized as long if it’s over 40 words. You don’t need to use quotation marks, and the indentation here is five spaces from the left margin. Example:
Smith (2005) elaborates on this issue: All the citation rules might be very confusing, especially if you haven’t dealt with them before. One of the reasons for that could be the fact that students neglect to buy a corresponding style manual or to consult with their tutor. (p. 26)
There are two ways you can format paraphrasing:
According to Smith (2005), you must be aware of citation rules to avoid plagiarism in your essay.
You must learn how to cite properly in your paper to avoid plagiarism-related issues (Smith, 2005, p. 26).
Use “and” to separate them in text and use an ampersand (&) to separate them in parentheses. For instance:
The result of research by Crompton and Gibson (2009) suggests that… (Crompton & Gibson, 2009, p. 55).
Mention all authors the first time you cite them. For all other instances, write only the last name of the first author and add “et al.”
(Foster, Peattie, Rajagopalan, Frankfeldt, 2001) (Foster et al., 2001)
Use the first author’s name with “et al.” after it.
Hanks et al. (2008) suggest that… (Hanks et al., 2008, p. 43)
If the author’s name is unknown, use the first word or words of the source’s title. Titles of reports and books must be written in italics or underlined, whereas article titles and chapters should be put inside quotation marks.
Similar results were received after all students learned more about citing sources in essays (“Citation Guide,” 2016).
Check more examples of in-text citations in APA style with their corresponding references.
Earlier, journalists reported on the British Prime Minister’s plan to establish centers for customs clearance of goods across the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland, and to leave the duty-free regime for food and agricultural products. (Morton, 2019)
Morton, M. (2019, October 11). New Brexit Agreement Proposals. The Day.
This position is quite common in the context of human study; it constitutes the ideology of most modern psychological assistance services and underlies the technology and many methods of psychotherapeutic and psychocorrectional work. (Watt, 2019)
Watt, A. (2019). Three Paradigms in Psychology – Three Strategies for Psychological Impact. The Art of Psychology, 9 (7), 24.
16-year-old Greta insists that, according to the 2015 Paris Agreement, the governments of the 195 countries that have signed this document are obliged to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere immediately. (Iles, 2019)
Iles, V. (2019, September 30). Greta Tunberg’s Stolen Childhood. Generation Today, 127 (234), 17. https://doi.org/10.1416/generation.aay3410
The most accepted ways in which graduates respond to the conflicts are “Competition” (27%) and “Cooperation” (24%). (Reide, 2019)
Reide, B. (2019). Psychological Features of Communication and Response in Conflict Situations In The Professional Education System. Interscience, 12(5), 36.
It is surprising that 78% of respondents neglect sleep and stay up late on the Internet, forget about eating, personal hygiene, household duties, study, etc. (Benjamin, 2018)
Benjamin, P. (2018). Internet Addiction in Teenagers. Cyber Community, 7 (6), 41. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm00002415
You will find a lot more rules related to the citation style you’re using because there are many types of sources and exceptions to those sources. So, by acquiring a fresh style manual, you’ll be on the safe side when it comes to citing and paraphrasing in your essay.
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University of Notre Dame
Fresh Writing
A publication of the University Writing Program
By Katrina Fay
Published: June 06, 2024
On December 5th, 2022, the Supreme Court of the United States heard the case of 303 Creative LLC. v. Elenis , a case that was marketed as pitting free speech against LBGTQ rights. [1] In this case, Lorie Smith, the sole owner and creator of 303 Creative LLC., wanted to create wedding websites; she was afraid, however, that the Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act (CADA) would compel her to create websites for the weddings of same-sex couples, which goes against her sincerely held religious beliefs. She sought an injunction from the Colorado courts that would allow her not only to refuse to create such content but allow her to post a notice saying she was not willing to provide that kind of service. [2]
Justice Gorsuch and the majority of the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Smith (6-3), as stated by Gorsuch in his Opinion of the Court. Primarily, they held that the public accommodation laws against discrimination were secondary to Smith’s First Amendment rights to expressive speech and that Smith’s business was not entitled equally to everyone as a public service under these laws. Additionally, they believed that forcing her to comply with CADA would create “compelled speech” which would infringe on her First Amendment rights. While I agree with Gorsuch’s theory and understanding of the law, I believe that the Court errs in its application of the law at hand. In his opinion, Gorsuch creates an incomplete picture of public accommodation laws by not including the proper context of their importance, failing to consider fundamental principles of public accommodation laws and ignoring critical precedents of the Court that have protected classes from similar claimed exemptions before. Additionally, he misleads by relying on three legal precedents whose situations are different from the case at hand in substantial ways. I will, however, focus on his specific claim of “compelled speech.” I believe that Justice Gorsuch misrepresents the issue as one of “compelled speech” as opposed to conduct, disregarding the instances when expressive activities are regulated by the government as well as the complexities involved when “content” and “characteristic” are inherently connected.
To begin, Gorsuch held that forcing Smith to comply with Colorado’s Anti-Discrimination Act would create “compelled speech” by the government which would infringe on her First Amendment rights. The core of the First Amendment’s right to freedom of speech is that individuals have the right to believe what they want to believe and that they have a right to express those beliefs. One of the ways the government can infringe upon this right is if it compels an individual to espouse or create speech that goes against their beliefs. Smith’s claim, supported by the Court, is that enforcing CADA, compelling her to create content she does not agree with, goes against her First Amendment right. Any expressive action or activities relating to these beliefs are considered expressive action or expressive speech, and this expressive element is a point that Gorsuch holds onto as the cornerstone of the case: Smith is engaging in expressive speech; the right to expressive speech cannot be taken away from her. [3]
Up to this point, I agree. Contrary to Gorsuch’s opinion, however, the speech and its expressivity are not the critical point in this case; the conduct relating to expressive activity is. There is no debate, among the majority and the dissenting judges, that speech is being created and that Smith has a right to express what she believes. While her speech in and of itself may be free, “The First Amendment does not prevent restrictions directed at commerce or conduct from imposing incidental burdens on speech.” [4] Gorsuch’s claim that the government protects expressive speech and association is true, [5] but there are certain important caveats. In United States v. O’Brien (1968) , the Court ruled against David O’Brien after he protested the Vietnam war by burning his draft card. Although his actions were expressive, the government was not regulating the law against burning draft cards to suppress expression. Thus, the statutes of the O’Brien precedent were born, whereby if the law’s regulation of conduct is unrelated to the suppression of expression and carries out a government interest that cannot be done in a more effective way, the law is considered to not be in contradiction with First Amendment rights. [6] Efficacy in this case is much intertwined with the importance and substantiality of the government’s interests. In O’Brien , the Court ruled that since the draft cards served many purposes and mutilating the cards prevented them from serving the government’s interest, individuals found breaking the law would be penalized; the “efficacy” was weighed based on a governmental system’s smooth and proper functioning. Any burden on expressive speech in these cases is “incidental,” proving expressive speech can be regulated as conduct. Gorsuch never mentions O’Brien but disagrees that the burden of enforcing CADA would be “incidental,” as he claims that enforcing CADA, thus compelling Smith to speech, goes against her rights. [7]
First, Gorsuch focuses his attention on the “content” element, whereas O’Brien indicates that the “conduct” element is a more important factor in this case. CADA meets the O’Brien statutes, as it is not aimed at suppressing speech and is an effective law in the state of Colorado for fighting discrimination. The law does not dictate the content of any business or individual’s speech at all. An individual or business is only “compelled” if, and to the extent, that the company offers speech in a discriminatory manner. In this case, Colorado is not forcing Smith to speak any message of the State. She could provide only quotes and templates on her website that adhere to her moral beliefs, and the government would not compel her to say anything different; “All the company has to do is offer its services without regard to customers’ protected characteristics.” [8] [9] Several legal precedents also indicate that public accommodation laws have conflicted with “compelled speech” before. In Runyon v. McCrary (1976) , the Court ruled that “[a private] school’s “practice” of denying educational services to [racial] minorities was not shielded by the First Amendment.” [10] The Court clarified that “[r]equiring the schools to abide by anti-discrimination law was not the same thing as compelling the schools to express teachings contrary to their sincerely held belief that racial segregation is desirable.” [11] Gorsuch mentions nothing of Runyon , a case that Sotomayor says “the majority studiously avoids.” [12] The efficacy of the O’Brien statutes has been used before in other cases as well. Its standards were upheld most notably in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District .
Secondly, Gorsuch misrepresents the case at hand by drawing a clear line between characteristics and content that in reality is more complicated. Smith claims she is not discriminating based on any characteristic; she simply refuses to create content against her beliefs. She objects not to the person but to the speech that providing the service would create. Gorsuch defends this argument on the grounds that the First Amendment’s “protections belong to all, including to speakers whose motives others may find misinformed or offensive.” [13]
The issue in this case, however, is not the right to free speech, as Gorsuch claims. The issue is that characteristic and content overlap in a way that Gorsuch does not touch on. There is no dispute that the content of the website can convey whatever speech Smith wishes, but as a business owner, she must be willing to offer everyone this speech. She cannot refuse to provide LGBTQ couples with an identical service she provides for heterosexual couples. Smith makes the argument that she would be willing to provide LGBTQ members with other types of websites, just not wedding ones, but that harkens back to Katzenbach v. McClung (1964) : serving one class a different array of services, or a limited menu, is still discrimination as it denotes that one class is deserving of different treatment because of a characteristic. Additionally, the services provided (wedding website design) lead to expressive action of some kind (a wedding website), [14] and objecting to the content inherently objects, in this case, to the protected characteristic of the couple; in refusing to create a website for a same-sex wedding, Smith is refusing to provide her services for a same-sex couple based on a protected characteristic. Sotomayor discusses this in her dissent, referring to characteristic as “status” and content as “message.” She says, “The majority insists that petitioners discriminate based on message, not status. The company, says the majority, will not sell same-sex wedding websites to anyone. It will sell only opposite-sex wedding websites; that is its service. Petitioners, however, cannot define their service as “opposite-sex wedding [websites]” any more than a hotel can recast its services as “whites-only lodgings.” [15] If a business such as Smith is offering a public service, they cannot refuse to serve someone simply because it produces speech they do not like.
While I agree with the Court’s definitions, and I acknowledge that the First Amendment right to freedom of speech is important, I believe that Court came to the wrong conclusion. Gorsuch misrepresents the issue as one of “compelled speech” as opposed to one of conduct and denial of service, disregarding the instances when expressive activities are regulated by the government, as well as the complexities involved when “content” and “characteristic” are inherently connected. While this case may seem like just another public accommodation law case, the implications of the Court’s decision to rule in Smith’s favor could create new loopholes for discriminatory behavior. Professor Theo Myhre from the University of Washington described the impact of the case, saying, “This case creates an exception under the First Amendment free speech provision — or for people engaged in expressive activities — when they disagree with the message being sent in that activity. So now businesses that are open to the public, under public accommodations law, have a free speech exception and are able to discriminate against LGBTQ people, if they disagree with the message in the expressive activity.” [16]
[1] “Supreme Court hears arguments on Colorado case pitting free speech against LGBTQ
rights | full audio,” Youtube video, 2:24:10, streamed live by “CBS News” on December 5, 2022, accessed 8 October 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6elYU3fqkDM .
[2] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2334.
[3] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2312.
[4] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2334.
[5] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2312.
[6] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2335.
[7] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2318.
[8] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2336.
[9] Smith also does not need to be a business that serves the public “at large”; she could instead be a private business. Many artists are not regulated by law because they are not public-facing. Smith can still create and produce whatever speech or creative expression she likes, but it must be available to everyone.
[10] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2332.
[11] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2332.
[12] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2332.
[13] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2317.
[14] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2337.
[15] 303 Creative v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct 2298, 2339.
[16] Theo Myhre, “Three-Minute Legal Talks: The 303 Creative Case Explained,” The University of Washington School of Law, July 24, 2023, accessed 9 October 2023, https://www.law.uw.edu/news-events/news/2023/303-creative-case .
Camp, Tanner B. “Employers Beware: The Potential Employment-Related Impacts of 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis.” The National Law Review , 31 July 2023, www.natlawreview.com/article/employers-beware-potential-employment-related-impacts-303-creative-llc-v-elenis , accessed 10 October 2023.
Myhre, Theo. “Three-Minute Legal Talks: The 303 Creative Case Explained.” The University of
Washington School of Law, 24 July 2023, www.law.uw.edu/newsevents/news/2023/303creative-case , accessed 9 October 2023.
Oyez . Cornell Law School, Chicago-Kent College of Law, Justia Supreme Court Center, and Legal Information Institute, www.oyez.org .
“Supreme Court hears arguments on Colorado case pitting free speech against LGBTQ rights | full audio.” YouTube , streamed live by CBS News, 5 December 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=6elYU3fqkDM , accessed 8 October 2023.
303 Creative LLC v. Elenis, 143 S. Ct. 2298, 600 U.S.___ (2023). No. 21-476.
“303 Creative LLC v. Elenis.” American Bar Association, 7 December 2022, www.americanbar.org/groups/public_education/publications/preview_home/303-creative-v-elenis/ , accessed 10 October 2023.
Katrina Fay
Katrina Fay, class of 2027, is from South Bend, IN. She is studying political science, economics, and theology. Inspired by her love for legal research and passion for social justice, her essay, “Conduct, Content, and the Supreme Court,” takes a deep dive into the majority opinion of a 2023 Supreme Court case that pitted freedom of speech against LGBTQ+ rights. After college, Katrina intends to pursue a law degree, focusing on either constitutional or international law. Katrina would like to thank Lauryn Sparger, a Hesburgh librarian and law student who helped her access and correctly cite the case, but, most especially, she would like to thank Dr. Ian Gerdon for all his critiques, support, and encouragement throughout the writing process.
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Mar 16, 2023 | Jared Spataro - CVP, AI at Work
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“Today marks the next major step in the evolution of how we interact with computing, which will fundamentally change the way we work and unlock a new wave of productivity growth,” said Satya Nadella, Chairman and CEO, Microsoft. “With our new copilot for work, we’re giving people more agency and making technology more accessible through the most universal interface — natural language.”
Copilot is integrated into Microsoft 365 in two ways. It works alongside you, embedded in the Microsoft 365 apps you use every day — Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams and more — to unleash creativity, unlock productivity and uplevel skills. Today we’re also announcing an entirely new experience: Business Chat . Business Chat works across the LLM, the Microsoft 365 apps, and your data — your calendar, emails, chats, documents, meetings and contacts — to do things you’ve never been able to do before. You can give it natural language prompts like “Tell my team how we updated the product strategy,” and it will generate a status update based on the morning’s meetings, emails and chat threads.
With Copilot, you’re always in control. You decide what to keep, modify or discard. Now, you can be more creative in Word, more analytical in Excel, more expressive in PowerPoint, more productive in Outlook and more collaborative in Teams.
Microsoft 365 Copilot transforms work in three ways:
Unleash creativity. With Copilot in Word, you can jump-start the creative process so you never start with a blank slate again. Copilot gives you a first draft to edit and iterate on — saving hours in writing, sourcing, and editing time. Sometimes Copilot will be right, other times usefully wrong — but it will always put you further ahead. You’re always in control as the author, driving your unique ideas forward, prompting Copilot to shorten, rewrite or give feedback. Copilot in PowerPoint helps you create beautiful presentations with a simple prompt, adding relevant content from a document you made last week or last year. And with Copilot in Excel, you can analyze trends and create professional-looking data visualizations in seconds.
Unlock productivity. We all want to focus on the 20% of our work that really matters, but 80% of our time is consumed with busywork that bogs us down. Copilot lightens the load. From summarizing long email threads to quickly drafting suggested replies, Copilot in Outlook helps you clear your inbox in minutes, not hours. And every meeting is a productive meeting with Copilot in Teams. It can summarize key discussion points — including who said what and where people are aligned and where they disagree — and suggest action items, all in real time during a meeting. And with Copilot in Power Platform, anyone can automate repetitive tasks, create chatbots and go from idea to working app in minutes.
GitHub data shows that Copilot promises to unlock productivity for everyone. Among developers who use GitHub Copilot, 88% say they are more productive, 74% say that they can focus on more satisfying work, and 77% say it helps them spend less time searching for information or examples.
But Copilot doesn’t just supercharge individual productivity. It creates a new knowledge model for every organization — harnessing the massive reservoir of data and insights that lies largely inaccessible and untapped today. Business Chat works across all your business data and apps to surface the information and insights you need from a sea of data — so knowledge flows freely across the organization, saving you valuable time searching for answers. You will be able to access Business Chat from Microsoft 365.com, from Bing when you’re signed in with your work account, or from Teams.
Uplevel skills. Copilot makes you better at what you’re good at and lets you quickly master what you’ve yet to learn. The average person uses only a handful of commands — such as “animate a slide” or “insert a table” — from the thousands available across Microsoft 365. Now, all that rich functionality is unlocked using just natural language. And this is only the beginning.
Copilot will fundamentally change how people work with AI and how AI works with people. As with any new pattern of work, there’s a learning curve — but those who embrace this new way of working will quickly gain an edge.
The Copilot System: Enterprise-ready AI
Microsoft is uniquely positioned to deliver enterprise-ready AI with the Copilot System . Copilot is more than OpenAI’s ChatGPT embedded into Microsoft 365. It’s a sophisticated processing and orchestration engine working behind the scenes to combine the power of LLMs, including GPT-4, with the Microsoft 365 apps and your business data in the Microsoft Graph — now accessible to everyone through natural language.
Grounded in your business data. AI-powered LLMs are trained on a large but limited corpus of data. The key to unlocking productivity in business lies in connecting LLMs to your business data — in a secure, compliant, privacy-preserving way. Microsoft 365 Copilot has real-time access to both your content and context in the Microsoft Graph. This means it generates answers anchored in your business content — your documents, emails, calendar, chats, meetings, contacts and other business data — and combines them with your working context — the meeting you’re in now, the email exchanges you’ve had on a topic, the chat conversations you had last week — to deliver accurate, relevant, contextual responses.
Built on Microsoft’s comprehensive approach to security, compliance and privacy. Copilot is integrated into Microsoft 365 and automatically inherits all your company’s valuable security, compliance, and privacy policies and processes. Two-factor authentication, compliance boundaries, privacy protections, and more make Copilot the AI solution you can trust.
Architected to protect tenant, group and individual data. We know data leakage is a concern for customers. Copilot LLMs are not trained on your tenant data or your prompts. Within your tenant, our time-tested permissioning model ensures that data won’t leak across user groups. And on an individual level, Copilot presents only data you can access using the same technology that we’ve been using for years to secure customer data.
Integrated into the apps millions use every day. Microsoft 365 Copilot is integrated in the productivity apps millions of people use and rely on every day for work and life — Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams and more. An intuitive and consistent user experience ensures it looks, feels and behaves the same way in Teams as it does in Outlook, with a shared design language for prompts, refinements and commands.
Designed to learn new skills. Microsoft 365 Copilot’s foundational skills are a game changer for productivity: It can already create, summarize, analyze, collaborate and automate using your specific business content and context. But it doesn’t stop there. Copilot knows how to command apps (e.g., “animate this slide”) and work across apps, translating a Word document into a PowerPoint presentation. And Copilot is designed to learn new skills. For example, with Viva Sales, Copilot can learn how to connect to CRM systems of record to pull customer data — like interaction and order histories — into communications. As Copilot learns about new domains and processes, it will be able to perform even more sophisticated tasks and queries.
Committed to building responsibly
At Microsoft, we are guided by our AI principles and Responsible AI Standard and decades of research on AI, grounding and privacy-preserving machine learning. A multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers and policy experts reviews our AI systems for potential harms and mitigations — refining training data, filtering to limit harmful content, query- and result-blocking sensitive topics, and applying Microsoft technologies like InterpretML and Fairlearn to help detect and correct data bias. We make it clear how the system makes decisions by noting limitations, linking to sources, and prompting users to review, fact-check and adjust content based on subject-matter expertise.
Moving boldly as we learn
In the months ahead, we’re bringing Copilot to all our productivity apps—Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams, Viva, Power Platform, and more. We’ll share more on pricing and licensing soon. Earlier this month we announced Dynamics 365 Copilot as the world’s first AI Copilot in both CRM and ERP to bring the next-generation AI to every line of business.
Everyone deserves to find purpose and meaning in their work — and Microsoft 365 Copilot can help. To serve the unmet needs of our customers, we must move quickly and responsibly, learning as we go. We’re testing Copilot with a small group of customers to get feedback and improve our models as we scale, and we will expand to more soon.
Learn more on the Microsoft 365 blog and visit WorkLab to get expert insights on how AI will create a brighter future of work for everyone.
And for all the blogs, videos and assets related to today’s announcements, please visit our microsite .
Tags: AI , Microsoft 365 , Microsoft 365 Copilot
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To quote a source, copy a short piece of text word for word and put it inside quotation marks. To paraphrase a source, put the text into your own words. It's important that the paraphrase is not too close to the original wording. You can use the paraphrasing tool if you don't want to do this manually.
When you cite a work that appears inside a larger source (for instance, an article in a periodical or an essay in a collection), cite the author of the internal source (i.e., the article or essay). For example, to cite Albert Einstein's article "A Brief Outline of the Theory of Relativity," which was published in Nature in 1921, you might write ...
In-text citations point the reader to the sources' information on the references page. The in-text citation typically includes the author's last name and the year of publication. If you use a direct quote, the page number is also provided. More information can be found on p. 253 of the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American ...
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
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The Chicago/Turabian style of citing sources is generally used when citing sources for humanities papers, and is best known for its requirement that writers place bibliographic citations at the bottom of a page (in Chicago-format footnotes) or at the end of a paper (endnotes). The Turabian and Chicago citation styles are almost identical, but ...
The following are guidelines to follow when writing in-text citations: Ensure that the spelling of author names and the publication dates in reference list entries match those in the corresponding in-text citations. Cite only works that you have read and ideas that you have incorporated into your writing. The works you cite may provide key ...
3. Include the title of the essay. Type the title of the essay in sentence case, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns in the title. If the essay has a subtitle, type a colon at the end of the title and then type the subtitle, also in sentence case. Place a period at the end.
These citations within the essay are called in-text citations. You must cite all quoted, paraphrased, or summarized words, ideas, and facts from sources. Without in-text citations, you are in danger of plagiarism, even if you have listed your sources at the end of the essay. In-text citations point the reader to the sources' information in ...
When learning how to write an academic essay with references, you must identify reliable sources that support your argument. As you read, think critically and evaluate sources for: Accuracy. Objectivity. Currency. Authority. Keep detailed notes on the sources so that you can easily find them again, if needed.
In-text citations. Using references in text. For APA, you use the authors' surnames only and the year in text. If you are using a direct quote, you will also need to use a page number. Narrative citations: If an in-text citation has the authors' names as part of the sentence (that is, outside of brackets) place the year and page numbers in ...
When citing sources in the text of your paper, you must list: The author's last name. The year the information was published. Types of In-Text Citations: Narrative vs Parenthetical. A narrative citation gives the author's name as part of the sentence. Example of a Narrative Citation: According to Edwards (2017), although Smith and Carlos's ...
More than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations are presented in the seventh edition Publication Manual.Examples of the most common works that writers cite are provided on this page; additional examples are available in the Publication Manual.. To find the reference example you need, first select a category (e.g., periodicals) and then choose the appropriate type of ...
The author's name might be unknown. If it's the case, use the first several words from the article's title but omit "A," "An," or "The" at the beginning. It can be written in quotes or italics, depending on how it's written in your list of references. The number of words you pick to use depends on the title.
General guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay Author/Authors How to refer to authors in-text, including single and multiple authors, unknown authors, organizations, etc. ... Resources on writing an APA style reference list, including citation formats. Basic Rules Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the ...
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Inspired by her love for legal research and passion for social justice, her essay, "Conduct, Content, and the Supreme Court," takes a deep dive into the majority opinion of a 2023 Supreme Court case that pitted freedom of speech against LGBTQ+ rights. After college, Katrina intends to pursue a law degree, focusing on either constitutional ...
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Copilot gives you a first draft to edit and iterate on — saving hours in writing, sourcing, and editing time. Sometimes Copilot will be right, other times usefully wrong — but it will always put you further ahead. You're always in control as the author, driving your unique ideas forward, prompting Copilot to shorten, rewrite or give feedback.