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HOSPITAL FACILITY DESIGN: A GUIDE TO SPACE PLANNING FOR A NEW GENERAL HOSPITAL IN VIETNAM

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Vietnam is a relatively small and populous developing country. Over the past several decades, the change in the country’s market economy and the population growth have greatly affected the lives, activities, and the demands for heath care as well as impacted the healthcare system. Since 1994, the... Show more Vietnam is a relatively small and populous developing country. Over the past several decades, the change in the country’s market economy and the population growth have greatly affected the lives, activities, and the demands for heath care as well as impacted the healthcare system. Since 1994, the time when the United States abolished the trade embargo against Vietnam, the economic development and the growth of the healthcare system in the country have been extraordinary. Even though substantial investment has been obtained from the Vietnamese government, limitations remain in the physical facilities in the healthcare system as well as in the facility design. Designing a new general hospital is a complicated process and requires a lot of attention and knowledge from a design team. Generally, the design process consists of two phases: a planning phase and a design phase. The planning phase is extremely important and will decide the success of the general hospital. G D Kunders, an Indian professional hospital administrator and a healthcare facility planner, has stated “Failing to plan is planning to fail” (Kunders 2004, 61). The main objective of this dissertation, “HOSPITAL FACILITY DESIGN: A GUIDE TO SPACE PLANNING FOR A NEW GENERAL HOSPITAL IN VIETNAM,” is to produce a guide that will be a reference source for the Vietnamese government to improve the current standard for hospital design. As a reference source, the proposed guide can be used as a tool to assist Vietnamese architects and other professionals in healthcare design areas in improving the quality of the hospital planning and design in Vietnam. This dissertation also aims to be a teaching reference source for architecture educators to use in their instruction at universities in Vietnam and a learning resource to help architecture students understand requirements for spaces in a general hospital as well as how a general hospital functions so they can better plan and design it. The proposed guide is set in an arrangement that can help educators and students without strong backgrounds in hospital design to easily understand how to plan a new general hospital. The research methods used in this dissertation are (i) document reviews, (ii) qualitative research based on Post-occupancy Evaluation (POE), and (iii) comparative analyses. The findings are used to create a guide to space planning for a new general hospital to use to improve the current Vietnamese standards, TCVN 4470: 2012, General Hospital - Design Standard, in hospital planning and design for Vietnam. This dissertation consists of eight chapters, which include Chapter 1 - Introduction, Chapter 2 - Literature Review, Chapter 3 - Problem Statement, Chapter 4 - Methodology, Chapter 5 - Data Analysis, Chapter 6 - Findings, Chapter 7 - A Guide to Space Planning for a New General Hospital in Vietnam, and Chapter 8 - Conclusion. Ph.D. in Architecture, July 2015 Show less

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• Electronic Theses and Dissertations

ARCH / Architecture

Illinois Institute of Technology

Pham, Tuan Anh

Krawczyk, Robert J.

2015 2015-07

Vietnam is a relatively small and populous developing country. Over the past several decades, the change in the country’s market economy and the population growth have greatly affected the lives,... Show more Vietnam is a relatively small and populous developing country. Over the past several decades, the change in the country’s market economy and the population growth have greatly affected the lives, activities, and the demands for heath care as well as impacted the healthcare system. Since 1994, the time when the United States abolished the trade embargo against Vietnam, the economic development and the growth of the healthcare system in the country have been extraordinary. Even though substantial investment has been obtained from the Vietnamese government, limitations remain in the physical facilities in the healthcare system as well as in the facility design. Designing a new general hospital is a complicated process and requires a lot of attention and knowledge from a design team. Generally, the design process consists of two phases: a planning phase and a design phase. The planning phase is extremely important and will decide the success of the general hospital. G D Kunders, an Indian professional hospital administrator and a healthcare facility planner, has stated “Failing to plan is planning to fail” (Kunders 2004, 61). The main objective of this dissertation, “HOSPITAL FACILITY DESIGN: A GUIDE TO SPACE PLANNING FOR A NEW GENERAL HOSPITAL IN VIETNAM,” is to produce a guide that will be a reference source for the Vietnamese government to improve the current standard for hospital design. As a reference source, the proposed guide can be used as a tool to assist Vietnamese architects and other professionals in healthcare design areas in improving the quality of the hospital planning and design in Vietnam. This dissertation also aims to be a teaching reference source for architecture educators to use in their instruction at universities in Vietnam and a learning resource to help architecture students understand requirements for spaces in a general hospital as well as how a general hospital functions so they can better plan and design it. The proposed guide is set in an arrangement that can help educators and students without strong backgrounds in hospital design to easily understand how to plan a new general hospital. The research methods used in this dissertation are (i) document reviews, (ii) qualitative research based on Post-occupancy Evaluation (POE), and (iii) comparative analyses. The findings are used to create a guide to space planning for a new general hospital to use to improve the current Vietnamese standards, TCVN 4470: 2012, General Hospital - Design Standard, in hospital planning and design for Vietnam. This dissertation consists of eight chapters, which include Chapter 1 - Introduction, Chapter 2 - Literature Review, Chapter 3 - Problem Statement, Chapter 4 - Methodology, Chapter 5 - Data Analysis, Chapter 6 - Findings, Chapter 7 - A Guide to Space Planning for a New General Hospital in Vietnam, and Chapter 8 - Conclusion. Show less

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GENERAL HOSPITAL DESIGN HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE HOSPITAL FACILITY DESIGN HOSPITAL PLANNING IN VIETNAM SPACE PLANNING

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http://hdl.handle.net/10560/3712

Harshad Munj

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Materials Advances

A robotic system for automated chemical synthesis of therapeutic agents †.

* Corresponding authors

a Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA E-mail: [email protected]

b Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA

c Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea E-mail: [email protected]

d Curadel, LLC, Natick, MA 01760, USA E-mail: [email protected]

The development of novel compounds for tissue-specific targeting and imaging is often impeded by a lack of lead compounds and the availability of reliable chemistry. Automated chemical synthesis systems provide a potential solution by enabling reliable, repeated access to large compound libraries for screening. Here we report an integrated solid-phase combinatorial chemistry system created using commercial and customized robots. Our goal is to optimize reaction parameters, such as varying temperature, shaking, microwave irradiation, aspirating and dispensing large-sized solid beads, and handling different washing solvents for separation and purification. This automated system accommodates diverse chemical reactions such as peptide synthesis and conventional coupling reactions. To confirm its functionality and reproducibility, 20 nerve-specific contrast agents for biomedical imaging were systematically and repeatedly synthesized and compared to other nerve-targeted agents using molecular fingerprinting and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection, which lays the foundation for creating reliable and reproductive chemical libraries in bioimaging and nanomedicine.

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A robotic system for automated chemical synthesis of therapeutic agents

K. Bao, J. S. Yoon, S. Ahn, J. H. Lee, C. J. Cross, M. Y. Jeong, J. V. Frangioni and H. S. Choi, Mater. Adv. , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4MA00099D

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Simulation-based training program improves evaluation of undescended testicles

by Jessica Cerretani, Children's Hospital Boston

Could a lifelike manikin torso help improve pediatricians' understanding of undescended testicles? That's the hope of Eric Bortnick, MD, a fellow in Boston Children's Department of Urology whose new simulation- and video-based educational tool aims to improve the diagnosis and management of this condition.

Also known as cryptorchidism, undescended testicles are common congenital anomalies in which one or more of a baby's testicles have not moved into the proper position. Prompt diagnosis through a thorough physical exam , typically followed by surgery, can help prevent future complications, such as fertility issues, hormonal problems, and testicular cancer.

Yet research suggests that primary care physicians may not be comfortable or confident performing the exam and may not refer to a pediatric urologist within the recommended timeline of ages 6 to 18 months. In fact, many physicians report receiving little structured training around the exam.

Leveraging hands-on learning

Such findings inspired Bortnick to focus on improving education about undescended testicles in his thesis project for Harvard Medical School's Master of Medical Sciences in Medical Education. Working with pediatric urologist Caleb Nelson, MD, MPH, he developed a 10-minute video about the diagnosis and management of the condition, which clinicians could watch at home. But he knew that the best way to learn is often by doing.

"We really wanted to leverage simulation so we could avoid having to rely on real patients," explains Bortnick. He and Nelson consulted with Boston Children's Immersive Design Systems to create a trainer—a realistic infant male torso that allows clinicians to identify normal testicles, retractile testicles, and palpable and nonpalpable undescended testicles.

Impressive—and lasting—results

Bortnick put the manikin and video training program to the test with 53 pediatric residents and attending physicians. After taking a baseline survey , the clinicians watched the video, which details the American Urological Association's guidelines and includes a demonstration of the exam to evaluate undescended testicles.

Next, they performed an in-person physical exam using the manikin, during which they received immediate feedback. They then took surveys about the experience, both following the exam and three months later.

The results were impressive: More than 90% of the physicians reported feeling more confident in their ability to perform the exam, diagnose an undescended testicle , document their clinical findings, and know when to refer to a pediatric urologist.

In addition, three months after the training, 42% had decreased the number of ultrasounds they ordered for undescended testicles, and 33% referred patients to a pediatric urologist at an earlier age than before the training session .

Bringing the training to the masses

Based on their results, Bortnick and the team have applied for a provisional patent for the manikin and plan to expand the training program to other institutions. Already, they've presented it at a conference in Portugal and are holding trainings in Texas and Washington, DC.

"The delay in referrals for undescended testicles is a problem that's been discussed for decades," says Bortnick. "We feel we have a good educational strategy that can lead to a better understanding of their diagnosis and management."

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