A clear and succinct description of your research.
A brief explanation of what you propose to research, why the research is of value and how you propose to go about it. Your introduction should summarise your problem statement, motivation and original approach in a way that can readily communicate why it is worth pursuing. You can think of the introduction as the equivalent of abstracts in research articles.
A thorough examination of key pieces of research relating to your topic. You should use the literature review to identify gaps in, or problems with, existing research to justify why further or new research is required.
A detailed presentation of your proposed project and study. Building upon the previous section, in this part you develop your thoughts and arguments on the research problem or question you identified. You should explain why your proposed work is novel and significant and you should provide details on how you propose to go about developing it. You may want to provide a chapter summary or a roadmap of your investigation.
A clear description of your choice of methodology, including details of research questions, methods of data collection, sampling and analytical strategy. A time schedule showing key activities would be useful.
Any literature cited in the proposal should be listed at the end of the document. Use of Harvard or OSCOLA referencing is recommended.
*Word count excludes footnotes.
In addition to the general guidelines for all applicants, please also consider the following points when framing your research proposal for studies in the Law Department.
Page last updated on 18 August 2017
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Are we participating collectively in the violation of human rights, constructing legal discourse at the un security council related to refugee crisis and countries’ refusal to enter migrants., introduction.
It is difficult to pinpoint the precise origin of the recent migration crisis that is currently engulfing Europe. Still, the migrant that fell from the sky on 9th September 20101 to enter Europe and then later on the images of Aylan Kurdi, a three-year-old boy washed up on a Turkish beach in 20152 foreshadowed a phenomenal crisis of a much larger scale which has presumably shaken European integration at its very centre.
According to the recent reports United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, there is currently a mass movement of millions of refugees and migrants attempting to flee from conflict areas such as Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq into European countries since 20153. The migrant crisis has generated an excessive disruption and disunity in the European Union and its member states to handle ongoing arrivals.
However, the crisis is primarily and principally a humanitarian cataclysm of a kind that Europe has not witnessed since the 1930s and 1940s4. Images from Greece and Turkey portray the magnitude and enormity of the human costs related to the growing crisis at a drastic rate even at this writing5. This paper proposes to argue that this particular humanitarian crisis and the methods with which European Union (EU) member states are dealing with the situation points to collectively violating human rights.
The collective violation of such human rights for migrants and refugees stems from deeply embedded and unresolved EU’s governance issues. As the EU and its member states are struggling with the pressure of mass migration of displaced persons, the treatment of these refugees and migrants exposes what can only be seen as the calamity of core European values. The
1 “Heathrow Stowaway Who Fell to Death Identified as Mozambican Migrant | World News | The Guardian” <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/10/heathrow-stowaway-who-fell-to-death-identified-as-mozambican-migrant> accessed November 22, 2016.
2 “Image of Drowned Syrian Boy Echoes Around World – WSJ” <http://www.wsj.com/articles/image-of-syrian-boy-washed-up-on-beach-hits-hard-1441282847> accessed November 22, 2016.
3 Eurostat, “Asylum Quarterly Report – Statistics Explained” https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Asylum_quarterly_report accessed November 22, 2016.
4 Justin Borg-Barthet and Carole Lyons, “The European Union Migration Crisis” (2016) 20 Edinburgh Law Review 230.
5 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (“UNHCR”), Refugees/Migrants Emergency Response- Mediterranean (20 November 2016) http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/country.php?id=83; accessed November 21, 2016.
Treatment of such people exposes the shortcomings in implementing fundamental European rights and humanitarian law, international human rights, and EU’s neighbourhood policy.
The migrant crisis in Europe is ongoing and will continue to grow until and unless policy measures are taken by the EU and the United Nations General Council. The UN Security Council plays a more active role in the crisis and its root cause. Therefore, the major research questions that arise include the following;
Is the International community, specifically the EU and UK, collectively violate human rights against refugees?.
Subsequent questions that build upon the main research question are;
1. Are the measures implemented by EU member states and UK governments that limit refugees’ movement legal?
2. What is the distinction between refugees and migrants? What term is best to describe the individuals involved in the EU and the UK’s mass movement?
3. Do “migrant caps” violate international law?
4. What is the impact of interpretations of Article 33 of the 1951 Refugee Convention6 regarding refugee rights and protection against refoulement7?
5. How can the UN Security Council play an active role in enforcing international law protecting refugees while also resolving the root cause of the issue leading to the migrant crisis?
6. How can legal discourse be developed with the UN Security Council to tackle refugees’ refusal to EU countries?
The proposed research aims to follow the characteristics of descriptive study methodology while utilising the positivist approach as a research paradigm. This research method accurately describes a given phenomenon and determines associations between different dimensions of the phenomena8. A descriptive study is concerned with describing the characteristics of a specific
6 Duncan Sim, “Experiences of ‘Post-Status’ Refugees: Evidence from Glasgow” (2012) 79 (First Serie Scottish Affairs 82.
7 Nikola Stojanovic, “Crisis in the Mediterranean Neighbourhood: A Test for the European Union Migration Policy” (2015) 67 Medjunarodni problem 328
8 CG Wren and JR Wren, “Teaching of Legal Research, The” [1988] Law Libr. J.
Individual or phenomenon with the aim of the detailed description of different aspects of it9. It is often defined as a fact-finding study coupled with adequate interpretation using presupposed prior knowledge of the issues being investigated.
The method of conducting legal research is also implemented to conduct the proposed study, which includes the following steps;
1. Preliminary Analysis
2. Investigation of Secondary Sources
3. Locating and Analysing Primary Authorities
4. Interpretations of Sources
Orders completed by our expert writers are
Principle Issues: Ethical, Moral, and Legal Issues One of the main ethical issues that arise from the refugee crisis is the moral obligation of developed countries in accepting refugees. The current study analyses this moral obligation using deontological ethics and the United Nations Convention Relations to the Status of Refugees (1951)12.
The Refugee convention sets up two normative obligations for states:
1. Obligations related to actions required by the states when asylum seekers arrive on their territory13.
2. Obligations towards refugees who have fled home countries and currently reside in refugee camps or informal settlements14.
Based on the preliminary review of available literature, there is an asymmetrical view of the two sets of obligations. The former is stronger and widely recognized than the latter. This is because signatories of the Refugee Convention have no obligation to fund refugees’ protection, and any contribution to the issue is considered strictly voluntary15. This voluntary stance needs to be analyzed based on international law and ethical theories such as deontology to comprehend how this stance leads to the collective violation of human rights, defined and legally agreed upon. There is also the absence of moral and legal obligations to refugees that reach EU states, specifically regarding discrepancies arising from burden-sharing.
9 L Sossin, “Discourse Politics: Legal Research and Writing’s Search for a Pedagogy of Its Own” [1994] New Eng. L. Rev.
10 C Alexander and AJ Burke, “How to Locate Educational Information and Data.”
11 CG Wren and JR Wren,” Teaching of Legal Research, Th” [1988] Law Libr. J.
12 Resolution 2198 (XXI), United Nations General Assembly
13 Catherine Dauvergne, Making People Illegal: What Globalization Means for Migration and Law (reprint, Cambridge University Press 2008) p. 125
14 Ibid. p. 126
15 Anna Sergeevna Matveevskaya,””Modern Trends of EuropeanUnion’ss Migration Polic”” (2016) 0 Krasnoyarsk Science 29.
16 Sergio Carrera, Leonhard D Hertog, and Joanna Parkin,” EU Migration Policy in the Wake of the Arab Spring: What Prospects for EU-Southern Mediterranean Relations” ”
Burden sharing refers to the Global South17 playing a larger role in hosting refugees than Western democracies responsible for essentially funding this scheme in which 87 percent of refugees are hosted in the Global South. In contrast, less than one percent of refugees are resettled in Western countries18. Lastly, there is no morally or legally accepted obligation to resettle refugees, with a majority remaining in protracted refugee situations in the Global South, primarily in the long-term encampment, which has turned into a de facto solution to the global refugee crisis.
The proposed study can be defined as interdisciplinary in terms of combining international law with political science, international relations, and human rights to explore and discuss the current issues faced under the refugee crisis. Political science and international relations theories give rise to four primary schools of thought: realism, liberalism, institutionalism, and constructivism19. These four mains schools examine through an interdisciplinary approach to examine the content of legal rules and institutions to explain legal institutions” origins and their effectiveness.
The methods have resulted in legal scholars reconceptualizing international law from a more general perspective. The proposed study uses the international legal process theories to conduct research and answer the developed research questions. The classical global legal technique is studying how international law is practically applied, functions with international policy, and studies how international law can be improved.
According to O’Connell (1999)20, the classical International Legal Proces” “concentrates not so much on the exposition of rules and their content regarding how makers of foreign policy national legal rule”.” This particular theory is also used to measure the extent to which individuals are held accountable for abuses in international conflicts. The proposed study will base its premises most heavily on liberalism, the school of thought which revolves around three interrelated principles;
1. Rejection of power politics as the only possible result of internal relations while also questioning realism principles, especially security and warfare21.
2. Emphasize mutual benefits and international cooperation22.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256031941_EU_Migration_Policy_in_the_Wake_of_the_Arab_Spring_What_Prospects_for_EU-Southern_Mediterranean_Relations
17 Reference to countries of the rest of the world mostly located in the Southern Hemisphere, such as Turkey, which holds the largest refugee population as of 2016.
18 Yasin Kerem Gumus” “What Explains Differences iCountries’s’ Migration Policie”?” (2016) 4 International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 51.
19 J Samue Barkin, “Realist Constructivism” (2003) 5 International Studies Review 325.
20 Ibid. p. 326
21 M La Caze” “At the Intersection: Kant, Derrida, and the Relation Between Ethics and Politi”s” (2007) 35 Political theory 781.
22 Ibid. p. 781
3. Uses international organizations and non-governmental actors for shaping state preferences and policy choices23. Under this thought, international institutions such as the UN Security Council, a primary component for the current study, play a crucial role in cooperation among states. The present study will also implement the theory of institutional liberalism to formulate arguments. This modern international relations theory claims that international institutions such as United Nations and European Union can increase and aid cooperation between states24. Using this theory, states will be treated as rational actors operating in an international political system while no hierarchy is enforced.
23 Ibid. p. 782 24 Ibid. p. 782
Hope you got your required research sample that will help you in your project further you can unlock your academic potential with our Research Paper Writing Service . Expert writers , top-quality research, and on-time delivery. Excel in your studies today!
Bibliography.
Alexander C and Burke A “How to Locate Educational Information and Data” <http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201300333537> [Accessed 10th November 2016]
Anna Sergeevna Matveevskaya, “Modern Trends of European Union’s Migration Policy” (2016). Krasnoyarsk Science 29.
Barkin JS, “Realist Constructivism” (2003) 5 International Studies Review 325
Berring R and Heuvel K, “Legal Research: Should Students Learn It or Wing It” (1989). Law Libr. J. <http://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/llj81§ion=44> [Accessed 15th November 2016]
Borg-Barthet J and Lyons C, “The European Union Migration Crisis” (2016). 20 Edinburgh Law Review 230
Catherine Dauvergne, Making People Illegal: What Globalization Means for Migration and Law (reprint, Cambridge University Press 2008)
Carrera S, Hertog LD and Parkin J, “EU Migration Policy in the Wake of the Arab Spring: What Prospects for EU-Southern Mediterranean Relations?”
Cohen M, Berring R and Olson K, “How to Find the Law” (1983)
Duncan Sim, “Experiences of ‘Post-Status’ Refugees: Evidence from Glasgow” (2012). 79 (First Serie Scottish Affairs 82.
Eurostat,“Asylum Quarterly Report – Statistics Explained” https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Asylum_quarterly_report accessed November 22, 2016 Gumus YK, “What Explains Differences in Countries’ Migration Policies?” (2016).
Gumus YK, “What Explains Differences in Countries’ Migration Policies?” (2016). 4 International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 51
“Heathrow Stowaway Who Fell to Death Identified as Mozambican Migrant | World News | The Guardian” (2016) <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/10/heathrow-stowaway-who-fell-to-death-identified-as-mozambican-migrant> [Accessed 20th November 2016]
“Image of Drowned Syrian Boy Echoes Around World – WSJ” (2016). <http://www.wsj.com/articles/image-of-syrian-boy-washed-up-on-beach-hits-hard-1441282847> [Accessed 14th November 2016]
La Caze M, “At the Intersection: Kant, Derrida, and the Relation Between Ethics and Politics” (2007). 35 Political theory 781
Matveevskaya AS, “Modern Trends of European Union’s Migration Policy” (2016). Krasnoyarsk Science 29
Shores L. and Focke H., “Basic Reference Sources” <http://alagappauniversity.ac.in/downloads/examinations/modelQP/Dec2010DDE/CCLIS.doc> [Accessed 10th November 2016]
Sossin L, “Discourse Politics: Legal Research and Writing’s Search for a Pedagogy of Its Own” (1994). New Eng. L. Rev.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (“UNHCR”), Refugees/Migrants Emergency Response- Mediterranean https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean?id=83 [Accessed 18th November 2016]
Wren C and Wren J, “Teaching of Legal Research, The” (1988). Law Libr. J.
How to write an undergraduate dissertation proposal.
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How to write your research proposal, with examples of good proposals.
Your research proposal is a key part of your application. It tells us about the question you want to answer through your research. It is a chance for you to show your knowledge of the subject area and tell us about the methods you want to use.
We use your research proposal to match you with a supervisor or team of supervisors.
In your proposal, please tell us if you have an interest in the work of a specific academic at York St John. You can get in touch with this academic to discuss your proposal. You can also speak to one of our Research Leads. There is a list of our Research Leads on the Apply page.
When you write your proposal you need to:
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The relationship between international law and domestic law revolves around two doctrines namely monism and dualism. The application of an international legal instrument such as treaty, agreement or charter in the domestic legal order of a country is based on whether a country follow a dualist or monist approach. Nigeria is a dualist country meaning that the domestic court does not automatically apply international law. As a dualist nation, international law has no effect in domestic law in the absence of legislation to incorporate it into rules of the Nigerian domestic legal order. Nigeria is the first common law country in Africa to incorporate the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights in its domestic legal order. This research will mainly focus on the relationship between international law and domestic law. Then, it concentrates on the analysis of the application of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights in the Nigerian domestic legal order. The analysis will look at how the judicial arm of government in Nigeria apply or interpret the African Charter in the adjudication of cases brought before it by individuals invoking the African Charter to enforce their fundamental rights in the Nigerian courts. The analysis will show that so far, there has been limited or infinitesimal use or application of the African Charter by Nigerian courts as revealed by judicial jurisprudence.
Commonwealth Law Bulletin
Eghosa O Ekhator
ABSTRACT The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter) establishes a system or mechanism for the promotion and protection of human rights in Africa within the framework of the African Union (formerly known as the Organisation of African Unity). The African Charter promotes a range of human rights such as civil and political, socio-economic and cultural, individual and collective rights. The African Charter is the first regional mechanism to incorporate the different classes of human rights in a single document. There have been a plethora of academic postulations indicating that the African Charter has impacted Nigerian Law minimally. This article contends that the African Charter has impacted positively on Nigerian law notwithstanding the academic postulations to the contrary.
Kehinde Balogun
The Place of Customary International Law in the Nigerian Legal System – A Jurisprudential Perspective
Edupedia Publications
Every society has a framework of laws and principles upon which it develops. The international society, thus posits various rules upon which the sovereign states and other subjects of international law may develop in pursuit of the actualization of their interests. A similar situation obtains in Nigeria where her legal system prescribes various laws towards regulating social relations within her jurisdiction. As a sovereign state, Nigeria remains subject to international law with the incidental international responsibility for any breach of same. Though her legal system allows for the enforcement of international treaties in her municipal courts subject to certain qualifications, the law appears to be silent on the status of customary international law. This paper argues that customary international law forms part of the Nigerian legal system and should be applied where appropriate towards the maintenance of peaceful co-existence between all interests represented in the Nigerian society.
Isdore Ozuo
Over the years, uncertainty has fathered the applicability or otherwise of customary international law in Nigeria. The legislature by omission or commission failed to provide for the place of customary international law in our laws. This precarious situation is peculiar to customary international law because article 12 of the Nigerian Constitution took care of the application of treaties but nowhere under our enactment was the application of customary international law addressed. This is notwithstanding the fact that treaties and customary international law are both sources of international law. This work examines the position of customary international law in other jurisdiction spread among the five continents so as to determine how international custom ought to be treated. The work also considers our case laws as regards the practice of customary international law in Nigeria to discern the position adopted by our courts. To accomplice this project, this work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter will aid us in understanding the true concept and nature of international law and its development. The second chapter throws light on the sources of international law particularly customary international law. The third chapter takes us on a voyage to the five continents of the world to decipher their relationship with international law via treaties and customary international law. The fourth chapter transports us back to the position in Nigeria and finally chapter five deals with the implication of various practices adopted by states with respect to customary international law, recommendations and of course the conclusion.
Problems of Legality
Enya Nwocha
LAWAL ABDULMUTHALIB
Human rights have enjoyed tremendous attention and expansion at the global level. To concretize and energise human rights protection at national level, virtually all national constitutions embody human rights either in their preamble or substantive provisions. In Nigeria, human rights are embodied in two separate chapters, encapsulating both the civil and political rights and the economic, social and cultural rights. This paper undertakes a critical content analysis of the provisions of human rights in the 1999 Nigerian Constitution with particular reference to its applicability. It raises pertinent issues and problems in some provisions which negate and undermine human rights goal and jurisprudence. today , human rights issues have not only become a global concern but remarkable interest aimed at protecting and promoting universal respect for, and observance of, human rights has continually been shown at the international, regional and national levels. Indeed " the issue of human rights, in the recent past, has penetrated the international dialogue, become an active ingredient in interstate relations and has burst the sacred bounds of national sovereignty. " The formation of the United Nations Organisation and the promulgation and adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provided a firm foundation for the historical developments and globalisation of human rights.
christian okeke
II. THE COLONIAL AND COMMON LAW BACKGROUNDS OF GHANA AND NIGERIA 378 A. The Colonial Experiences of Ghana and Nigeria 378 B. The Common Law Origins of Ghana 381 C. The Common Law Traditions of Nigeria 384
The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law
Muyiwa Adigun
Abdulhafeez O L A Y I N K A Mohammad
Law and Justice are two contentious concepts with an age long history of difficulty in definition. Perhaps different scholars have their own notion of the two concepts, but the fact remains that there is no unanimous conception about the two. This paper presents the two concepts with a view to appraise both and find a meeting point for both concepts and where they depart. The paper argues that the main reason for the existence of laws is to attain justice, even though some would consider law as law, whether just or unjust. Using principles and thoughts of renowned writers of the field therefore, this paper brings their theories into perspectives. The paper ends with certain examples which could be found in Nigeria, particularly as the courts try to interpret laws in order to attain justice. The paper recommends a swift approach to curbing injustices with prompt amendment of laws and a more vibrant judiciary in Nigeria.
Timilehin Ojo
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Amana Mohammed Yusuf
Olusegun Obaloluwa
Ikenga K E Oraegbunam
Carnelian Journal of Law and Politics CJLP
Adegoke Fadekemi
Malachi Elisha Brown, LL.M, M.Sc, PhD and Evangel Augustine Esq, LL.M
SCSR Journals (www.scholarconsult.com)
Busingye Kabumba
adedeji akeem okemuyiwa zakare
Kolawole K Oyeyemi
Bukola Oyaleke
Pandecta: Research Law Journal
Ijaiya Hakeem
21st September Consultant
Mohammed I S
Olusola Toluwanimi Festus
Olusola T O L U W A N I M I Festus
A SYNOPSIS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND ITS ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA
Mofiyinfoluwa Odetoyinbo
Mojeed O L U J I N M I A . Alabi
Magnus Killander
Hakeem Yusuf
Elite Project Writers
Akinrinade S A M U E L Adewuyi
Evangelle Austin-Amadi
International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Review
Peter Ikechukwu EMEJURU
Bode Osanaiye
An Oxford PhD proposal sample, like Oxford personal statement examples , should give you an idea of how to structure and write your own PhD proposal, which is a key element of how to get into grad school . Should you pursue a master's or PhD , you should know that, with few exceptions, all graduate programs require that applicants submit a research proposal. It can vary in length (usually between 1,000 and 3,000 words) and must outline your main research goals and methods and demonstrate your facility with the topic. The almost 35,000 applications Oxford received in a recent year should give you some idea of how competitive getting into a master's or PhD program is.
Writing a stellar proposal is important to make your application stand out, so, to that end, this article will show you an expert-approved Oxford PhD proposal sample based on the actual requirements of an Oxford graduate program.
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Oxford phd proposal sample.
PhD Program : DPhil in Migrant Studies
Research Proposal Length: minimum 2000 - maximum 3000 words
To: Matthew J. Gibney, Professor of Politics and Forced Migration
Name: Adrian Toews
Title: Wired and Hungry Masses: Social Media, Migrants and Cultural Bereavement in the Digital Sphere
Proposed Research Topic: Does social media help migrants cross the cultural barriers of their adopted home and succeed in helping them preserve touchstones of their home culture?
Abstract: The ascendance of social media platforms has increased and, strangely, decreased interconnectedness among disparate groups in society. But, while social media has been implicated, rightly, as a catalyst for the rise of disinformation, hate speech, and other anti-social behaviors, I would argue that its ubiquity and prevalence provide those experiencing cultural bereavement with a more-effective coping mechanism, as social media is able to replicate, in a non-physical space, the culturally specific mechanisms they know and which, prior to digital communications, could not be replicated in new, adopted countries and cultures.
Objective: I want to present social media as an informal networking tool, expressive outlet, and cultural road map with which migrants who are experiencing cultural bereavement can engage for two specific reasons: 1) to assuage the grief that accompanies anyone who has left their homeland as a migrant or refugee, and 2) to help them assimilate into their new identity by giving them a window into the cultural norms and practices of their new country or culture.
An Oxford PhD proposal sample like this one is only one version of what a proposal can look like, but it should contain at least these basic elements. You should know how to choose a PhD topic at this point in your career, but if you still feel like you need help, then you can hire PhD admission consultants to help you choose your topic and research interests.
Above all, you should know why you want to do a PhD . Answering this question first will be effective in helping you ultimately decide on a program, which can then make it easier for you to write any number of different doctorate-related texts, such as a PhD motivation letter and a statement of intent .
Understanding your true motivations, passions, and research interests is doubly important when pursuing a PhD since you do not want to invest so much time and resources in a subject you are only partially interested in. If you can honestly answer why you want to pursue a PhD, you can then take concrete steps toward defining your research goals and how they can be fulfilled by the program you choose.
Your Oxford PhD proposal should adhere to the requirements set forth by the program you wish to enter. Regardless of your discipline or field, almost all PhD programs at Oxford require that you submit a research proposal of between 2,000 and 3,000 words.
A statement of intent is another type of essay that applicants are often asked to submit to graduate schools. It involves talking about your past academic experiences and achievements, what you intend to do in graduate school, and why you want to go there. A PhD proposal, on the other hand, contains no personal details or experiences.
Instead, a PhD proposal should be a focused, concrete road map built around a specific research question. In your proposal, you list the theoretical approaches that you are going to use, research methods, past scholarship on the same topic, and other investigative tools to answer this question or present evidence from this research to support your argument.
A statement of purpose is another common essay that graduate school applicants must submit. The line between a statement of purpose and a statement of intent is a fine one, but the line between a statement of purpose and a PhD proposal is much more prominent, and there is no mistaking the two. So, you should not read over graduate school statement of purpose examples to learn how to write a PhD proposal.
A statement of purpose can also be research-focused, but in an undefined way. A PhD proposal combines theory and practice and requires that you demonstrate your knowledge of proper scientific research, investigative methods, and the existing literature on your topic.
You should include a title page where you list your name, the program you are applying to, and a title for your research project. You should address it to a specific faculty member, who can perhaps, if they agree, show you how to prepare for a thesis defense . The proposal itself should include an abstract, an overview of the existing scholarship on your topic, research questions, methods, and a bibliography listing all your sources.
The usual length of PhD proposals is between 1,000 and 3,000 words, but your program may have different requirements, which you should always follow.
There are up to 350 different graduate programs at Oxford, all with their own particular requirements, so the university does not set forth a universal set of requirements for all graduate programs. Many of these programs and their affiliated schools offer students advice on how to write a PhD proposal, but there are few, if any, stated requirements other than the implied ones, which are that you have familiarity with how to conduct graduate-level research and are knowledgeable in the field you are researching.
A majority of programs do, yes. There are always exceptions, but a fundamental part of pursuing a PhD involves research and investigation, so it is normal for any PhD program to require that applicants write a PhD proposal.
It is quite possible for your research interests and direction to change during your research, but you should not be discouraged. Graduate programs understand that these things happen, but you should still do your best to reflect the current state of research on your topic and try to anticipate any changes or sudden shifts in direction while you research.
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How to make your grad school application stand out, (and avoid the top 5 mistakes that get most rejected).
Department of Politics and International Relations
University | A to Z | Departments
The research proposal is the main way in which we evaluate the quality of your research plans. You should aim to make your proposal about 1500-2000 words long.
The title indicates the overall question or topic of the PhD. It should include any key concepts, empirical focus, or lines of inquiry that you aim to pursue, and it should be concise and descriptive. You can normally discuss changes in the title with your supervisor(s) should you be successful but it is important to try to choose a clear and engaging title.
What are the questions or problems for politics or international relations that you are trying to understand and solve? In explaining these, it will be helpful to spell out what else we need to know in order to understand why you are framing the problem this way.
In answering these questions, what will your research project do? What will it shed light on or help us to understand that we don’t really understand better?
Why this project? Explain why your project is interesting, what its broader implications are, and – if you think this is relevant – why you are particularly well placed to tackle it. It is also valuable to reflect on who has worked on the topic before and to provide a brief literature review. Are there any good approaches to the topic, or particular articles or books, that you are drawing on or bad ones you want to push back against?
What are the sources you plan to use to answer your research questions? These will vary according to the nature of your research but may include study of particular texts, interviews, published or unpublished data, archival or policy documents, or field site visits, among others. Try to be as specific as you can and assess the possibility of access to relevant sources.
This includes thinking about the research methods you will use to analyse empirical sources (e.g., sampling, survey or interview design, data collection, discourse analysis) but may also include setting out the kind of theoretical framework you will employ or your approach to history or political ideas. What prior knowledge and skills do you bring to the project? What extra training may you need?
Include a provisional chapter structure and timetable to completion, covering the three years of the full-time programme or six years of the part-time programme, as appropriate.
To help you with your application here are some examples of PhD proposals which were successful in obtaining funding: PhD sample research proposal 1 (PDF , 96kb) PhD sample research proposal 2 (PDF , 79kb) PhD sample research proposal 3 (PDF , 197kb)
Apply for a PhD now
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Writing a research proposal.
In a research proposal you pitch your research idea. You pitch a research problem, your approach to developing a solution and why it matters. This pitch needs to be credible and convincing. You need to sell your research idea.
A research proposal describes your planned research. It presents your research topic and describes why this topic is significant, it reviews some of the key thinking related to the topic that can be found in published literature and it signals the approach you will take to gather data so that you can investigate the topic you propose.
Research proposals are used whether the research you propose will be qualitative (i.e. research which is based on textual data), quantitative (i.e. research based more on numerical data) or mixed (i.e. based both on texts and numbers).
You may be asked to develop a research proposal as part of an assignment task in a unit or you may wish to write your own research proposal to express interest to enrol in a research degree. You may need to compile a research proposal when you apply for a grant or scholarship.
The purposes of a research project may include one or more of these:
1. Write a that directly describes the intended research. | |
2. Write an which summarises the proposed research directions in the present tense. | |
3. Write a which positions your proposed research in the field. It should show how the work of other scholars connects to your proposed topic and identify the key thinking in this area. This is usually written in the past tense. | |
4. Write a logical, step-by-step in the future tense that explains how you will approach gathering data for this topic. | |
5. Define where appropriate. |
(This story was updated to include new information.)
A new proposed ordinance by City-County Council could help Indianapolis Metropolitan Police tackle street takeovers.
Proposal No. 314 , on the agenda for Monday, Sept. 23, would impose a penalty on anyone who plans, participates in, or attends "an illegal street racing, motorcycle stunting or reckless driving exhibition."
If the ordinance is approved, one of the main penalties for participants, organizers or promoters would be fines of up to $250. Even just watching as a spectator could mean a fine of up to $100.
The proposal would also allow officials to confiscate and impound cars and motorcycles used for illegal street takeovers or racing. The cars involved could be impounded for at least 30 days or through the end of a court case on the matter.
The proposal after Indianapolis Metropolitan Police officers were attacked and their squad cars damaged last weekend while trying to stop street takeovers.
Illegal street racing: IMPD, ISP overwhelmed by six 'street takeovers' in just over 24 hours
Last night, IMPD officers proactively towed cars, made arrests, and ended the reckless driving behavior of spinning (street takeovers). Your safety—and the safety of our community—comes first! #IMPD #ZeroTolerance #SafeRoads pic.twitter.com/cdw5LLQzfJ — IMPD (@IMPDnews) September 21, 2024
"It's extremely dangerous," Indianapolis Metropolitan Police officer William Young said. "Not only that, but people are often obstructing traffic which is also against the law. It's relatively concerning when officers are just trying to do their job, and they're attacked with things thrown at them."
Young told IndyStar the department is taking the issue "very seriously." He said people who see an illegal street takeover should call 911 so police officers can investigate.
The Marion County Prosecutor's Office last week announced criminal recklessness and resisting law enforcement charges against nine people in connection with the multiple street takeovers.
Ahead of this weekend, Indiana State Police have collaborated with Indianapolis Metropolitan Police to offer support in stopping illegal street takeovers. They are increasing patrols across the city.
"We respond to dangerous environments all the time and will continue to do that," Indiana State Police superintendent Doug Carter said in a statement to CBS4Indy. "Our citizens deserve better. They deserve stability, and that only comes with collaboration. We will respond appropriately and accordingly."
The proposal defines illegal street racing as “a motor vehicle contest using public highways, streets, rights-of-ways, public or private driveways, airport runways or off-street parking facilities in violation of Indiana motor vehicle and traffic laws.”
The proposal goes on to define an organizer as “any person who knowingly promotes an exhibition of illegal drag racing."
The term promote includes, but is not limited to advertising, posting or sharing the location of any illegal street racing or reckless driving exhibition or taking video or photographic images for the purpose of promoting and/or profiting from the event.
A spectator is defined as “an individual who is a bystander or observer of an illegal street racing or reckless driving exhibition.”
Related: Instagram account associated with illegal street takeovers threatens IMPD
The proposal says the following are examples of illegal street racing:
The proposal also characterized “motorcycle stunting” as an activity that would be subject to punishment. The proposal defines “motorcycle stunting” as “any use of a motorcycle for the purpose of acrobatic maneuvering to perform wheelies, burnouts or front wheelies/stoppies.”
If the proposed ordinance is passed through City-County Council, it will next go to Indianapolis Mayor Joe Hogsett for approval or veto.
Jade Jackson is a public safety reporter for IndyStar. Contact her at Jade.Jackson@IndyStar. Follow her on Twitter @IAMJADEJACKSON .
COMMENTS
Nevertheless, a PhD proposal should amount to a coherent, intelligent, realistic and relatively well thought-out idea of an area of potential research. The following errors should be avoided if possible: Simplistic descriptions of an area of study should be avoided - eg 'I want to research EU law'.
The research proposal: Centre for Applied Human Rights1. Your research proposal will be carefully considered by the Centre's faculty. The main purposes of the proposal are (a) to allow the admissions team to check the feasibility and potential originality of the research; (b) to ensure that we are able to allocate each successful applicant to ...
Abstract. This is a succinct summary of your research proposal that will present a condensed outline, enabling the reader to get a very quick overview of your proposed project, lines of inquiry and possible outcomes. An abstract is often written last, after you have written the proposal and are able to summarise it effectively.
2 Components of a Doctoral Research Proposal in Law. The proposal should be substantial (generally 2000 to 3000 words) but not lengthy (5000 words is probably too long). The structure of a proposal can vary, but it will generally include the following sections. 1. Introduction.
PhD Research Proposal Guidance for Law. Your research proposal should be no more than 2000 words in length, including any references to existing research. References may be made in footnotes or endnotes. Take time to write your proposal as clearly and concisely as possible and remember to proofread your proposal before submitting it.
dy of interdisciplinary scholarship seekin. to analyze law as a linguistic phenomenon. This work draws upon the theory and methods of 4 established disciplines such as sociolinguistics, sem. otics, and literary theory in order. to gainnew insight into the legal process. Applying resear.
The idea, here, is to also assist you in choosing and refining your own. research area/question(s), as well as place your investigation within the general research already carried out. It is essential that the proposal should set out the central aims and the key research question(s) that will guide your research in a justified and logical manner.
2. Abstract. The proposal should include a concise statement of your intended research of no more than 100 words. This may be a couple of sentences setting out the problem that you want to examine or the central question that you wish to address. 3.
Making your proposal clear and interesting is important. Faculty members who review applications often have to read a large number of proposals/applications. Offer a concise, unique, and short title to help assessors remember your work. There are many possible stylistic rules which could contribute to a good proposal - we offer a few here:
academic literature and law. III. Types of PhD research There are many ways of approaching a PhD. Some common ones (more than one of which may be used) are listed below. (a) Analysis of new and developing areas of law A thesis could examine a new area of law or reform proposals, on which there has been little written to date.
PhD proposal 3.1 General A PhD proposal is sui generis; it is unlike any other form of writing. It aims at setting out a clear picture of what will be researched and how. Hence the PhD proposal does have to take the form of a publishable short paper. The proposal's title is not a working title, but ought to cover the research contents.
The Law Proposal and Dissertation Writing Guide is a comprehensive and invaluable resource designed to assist law students and researchers in the complex and demanding process of conceiving, developing, and completing a successful law dissertation or thes ... You may even venture out and collect your own data by, for example, conducting ...
Writing a PhD research proposal School of Law and Social Sciences ... How PhD proposals are assessed • Subject area of the proposal: does it fit with the subject areas of the School? is there expertise within the School to supervise your research? • The nature of the proposed research: ... For example: what are the main stages of your project?
Writing a research proposal. As part of the process of applying for a research degree, you will need to prepare an outline of your proposed research. Please see our guidance on what to include below, including word count: Key Elements. Content. Title (up to 20 words) Your research topic A clear and succinct description of your research ...
preliminary research and proposal phase") Introduction . All LLM and PhD candidates must submit a detailed research proposal, which will initially be scrutinised and approved by their supervisors. Supervisors may require candidates to redraft their proposals until the requisite detail and depth have been achieved.
Guidance on writing a research proposal for a Ph.D. in the Law Department. In addition to the general guidelines for all applicants, please also consider the following points when framing your research proposal for studies in the Law Department. Identify a research question that you wish to explore. The research question can guide you to ...
It is important to remember that a PhD is a 3 year project (plus 1 additional year for writing up if necessary) or in some cases (if accepted on a part-time basis) a 5 year project (plus 2 additional years for writing up if necessary). Structuring a PhD Research Proposal A generic PhD proposal structure could include:
Sample PHD Law Dissertation Proposal. Here is a sample that showcases why we are one of the world's leading academic writing firms. This assignment was created by one of our expert academic writers and demonstrated the highest academic quality. Place your order today to achieve academic greatness. View a different grade.
Examples of research proposals. Research Proposal Example 1 (DOC, 49kB) Research Proposal Example 2 (DOC, 0.9MB) Research Proposal Example 3 (DOC, 55.5kB) Research Proposal Example 4 (DOC, 49.5kB) Subject specific guidance. Writing a Humanities PhD Proposal (PDF, 0.1MB) Writing a Creative Writing PhD Proposal (PDF, 0.1MB)
The relationship between international law and domestic law revolves around two doctrines namely monism and dualism. The application of an international legal instrument such as treaty, agreement or charter in the domestic legal order of a country is ... PhD RESEARCH PROPOSAL NAME: MUSTAPHA BASHIR BELLO THESIS TITLE: The Relationship between ...
An Oxford PhD proposal sample, like Oxford personal statement examples, should give you an idea of how to structure and write your own PhD proposal, which is a key element of how to get into grad school. Should you pursue a master's or PhD, you should know that, with few exceptions, all graduate programs require that applicants submit a research proposal.
PhD sample research proposal 1 (PDF , 96kb) PhD sample research proposal 2 (PDF , 79kb) PhD sample research proposal 3 (PDF , 197kb) Apply for a PhD now . Department of Politics and International Relations University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK Tel: work +44 (0) 1904 323542 | Fax: fax 01904 323563. Legal ...
1. Write a descriptive title that directly describes the intended research. 2. Write an introduction which summarises the proposed research directions in the present tense. 3. Write a literature review which positions your proposed research in the field. It should show how the work of other scholars connects to your proposed topic and identify ...
The proposal says the following are examples of illegal street racing: A group of motor vehicles or individuals gathering at a location for the purpose of participating in such an event