units of time problem solving

CONVERSION OF UNITS OF TIME PRACTICE PROBLEMS

Convert the following into minutes :

Example 1 :

1 hour  =  60 minutes

13 hrs  =  (13 × 60) min

13 hrs  =  780 min

Example 2 :

1560 seconds

1 minute  =  60 seconds

1560 s  =  [1560/60] min

1560 s =  26 min

Example 3 :

1 day  =  1440 minutes

2 days  =  (1440 × 2) min

2 days  =  2880 min

Example 4 :

6 hours 17 minutes

6 hrs  =  360 min

6 hours 17 minutes  =  (360 + 17) min

6 hours 17 minutes  =  377 min

Example 5 :

3 days 5 hours 38 minutes

3 days  =  (1440 × 3) min

3 days  =  4320 min

5 hrs  =  (60 × 5) min

5 hrs  =  300 min

3 days 5 hours 38 minutes  =  (4320 + 300 + 38) min

3 days 5 hours 38 minutes  =  4658 min

Convert the following into days :

Example 6 :

1 year  =  365 days

8 years  =  2 leap years + 6 years

2 Leap year  =  (366 × 2) days

2 Leap year  =  732 days

6 years  =  (365 × 6) days

6 years  =  2190 days

=  (732 + 2190) days

=  2922 days

8 years  =  2922 days

Example 7 :

4320 minutes

4320 minutes  =  (4320/1440) days

4320 min  =  3 days

Example 8 :

24 hrs  =  1 day

864 hrs  =  (864/24) days

=  36 days

864 hrs  =  36 days

Example 9 :

1 day  =  86400 seconds

864000 seconds  =  (864000/86400) days

=  10 days

864000 s  =  10 days

Convert the following into seconds :

Example 10 :

1 hr  =  3600 seconds

3 hrs  =  (3 × 3600) s

3 hrs  =  10800 s

Example 11 :

47 min  =  (47 × 60) s

47 min  =  2820 s

Example 12 :

5 hours 7 minutes

1 hour  =  3600 seconds

5 hrs  =  (5 × 3600) s

5 hrs  =  18000 s

7 min  =  (7 × 60) s

7 min  =  420 s

5 hours 7 minutes  =  (18000 + 420) s

5 hours 7 minutes  =  18420 s

Example 13 :

7 days  =  (7 × 86400) s

7 days  =  604800 s

1 week  =  7 days

1 week  =  604800 s

5 weeks  =  (5 × 604800) s

5 weeks  =  3024000 s

Which time period is longer :

Example 14 :

1000 seconds or 16 minutes

1000 s  =  (1000/60)

1000 s  =  16.67 min

16.67 min > 16 minutes

1000 seconds period is longer

Example 15 : 

6 hours or 20000 seconds

6 hrs  =  (6 × 3600) s

6 hrs  =  21600 s

21600 s > 20000 s

6 hours period is longer

Example 16 : 

2 weeks or 20000 minutes

7 days  =  (7 × 1440) min

7 days  =  10080 min

1 week  =  10080 min

2 weeks  =  20160 min

20160 min > 20000 min

2 weeks period is longer

Example 17 : 

5 days 7 hours or 8000 minutes ?

5 days  =  (5 × 1440) min

5 days  =  7200 min

1 hr  =  60 minutes

7 hrs  =  (7 × 60) min

7 hrs  =  420 min

5 days 7 hours  =  (7200 + 420) min

5 days 7 hours  =  7620 min

7620 min < 8000 min

8000 minutes period is longer

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Converting Units of Time

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Online Math Activity - Converting Units of Time

Get ready to practice converting units of time with your third grade class! Students will practice converting days to weeks, hours to days, minutes to hours, and so on in this digital math game. Here are a few sample math questions your students may be expected to answer in this telling time activity:

• "Drag and drop the symbol that makes the number sentence true. 300 minutes is [greater than, less than, or equal to] 3 hours."
• "Dayton's baby sister is six weeks old. How many days are in six weeks?"
• "Convert from minutes to hours. [Blank] minutes equals 9 hours."
• "How many minutes are in 2 hours?"
• "Cyrus slept for eight hours last night. How many minutes are in eight hours?"

As students work their way through the math activity, they can count on plenty of handy features to help them make the most out of their math practice session:

• Hint Button - When children get stuck on a question and need a little help, they can click on the Hint Button. The hint consists of a written or pictorial clue that will point children in the right direction without giving away the answer.
• Explanation Page - Students are bound to get an answer wrong every now and then. When they do, a detailed explanation page pops up on the practice screen to show them the correct answer, accompanied by an easy-to-understand explanation to help them learn from mistakes.
• Progress-Tracker - Students can check out the progress-tracker in the upper-right corner of their practice screen to see how many questions they have answered so far out of the total number of questions in the math activity.
• Score-Tracker - Children can view the score-tracker beneath the progress-tracker to see how many points they have earned for correct solutions.
• Speaker Icon - To hear the math question read out loud in a clear voice, students can click on the speaker icon in the upper-left corner of the practice screen. This feature is a great option for ESL/ELL students and children who are auditory processors.

All of these features have been carefully designed to help your third grade students achieve more in their online math practice.

Digital Math Practice Makes Learning Exciting

Give your class a reason to get excited about math practice with interactive math games from I Know It ! Whether you are an elementary math teacher, homeschool educator, or school administrator, we're confident you will love using the I Know It online math program with your students. Check out a few highlights of our program from an educator's perspective:

• Choose from hundreds of math lessons covering dozens of foundational elementary math topics from kindergarten to fifth grade.
• Browse math lessons that have been written by accredited elementary math teachers to meet Common Core Standards.
• Customize your class's math practice experience with comprehensive administrator tools…and more!

Students, too, have lots to love about the I Know It digital math program:

• Adorable, animated characters dance around on the practice screen and do a clever trick when students submit a correct solution to a math problem.
• Plenty of positive feedback messages spur students on in their math practice even when they make mistakes.
• Bright colors and a bold, kid-friendly math lesson format presents each practice session as a fun, yet challenging math game... and more!

We hope you and your students will enjoy converting units of time in this online math lesson. Be sure to browse the hundreds of other 3rd grade elementary skill practice lessons in our collection as well.

Test the Waters or Dive Right In

Looking for a way to "test the waters" and see if the I Know It digital math practice program is right for you and your class? Sign up for a free thirty-day trial and try out this telling time game, as well as all of the math lessons available on our website, at no cost for a full thirty days! We're confident you and your students will love experiencing the difference interactive math practice can make. In fact, when your free trial ends, we hope you won't hesitate to join our community as a member. This way, your class can continue to enjoy the benefits of digital math practice for a full calendar year. We offer membership options for families, individual teachers, schools, and school districts. Visit our membership information page for details: https://www.iknowit.com/order.html .

Your I Know It membership unlocks the program's extensive administrator tools. You will discover a plethora of handy features in your parent or teacher administrator account that help you create a class roster and add your students to it, change basic math lesson settings, monitor student progress with detailed statistics, print, download, and email student progress reports, and much more. These administrator tools serve to help you customize your class's math practice experience.

Your students will log into I Know It with their unique username and password. From a kid-friendly version of the homepage, they can quickly find and launch math activities you have assigned to them for practice. If you choose to give them permission through your parent or teacher administrator account, students can also explore other math activities at their grade level and beyond for additional practice or an extra challenge. Grade levels in the student mode of I Know It are labeled with letters instead of numbers (i.e., "Level C" for third grade), making it easy for you to assign math lessons based on each child's needs and skill level.

This math lesson is categorized as Level C. It may be ideal for a third grade class.

Common Core Standard

3.MD.1, MA.4.M.1.2, MA.5.M.1.1, 3.7C Measurement And Data Solve Problems Involving Measurement And Estimation Of Intervals Of Time, Liquid Volumes, And Masses Of Objects. Tell and write time to the nearest minute and measure time intervals in minutes. Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of time intervals in minutes, e.g., by representing the problem on a number line diagram.

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Telling Time (Nearest 5 Minutes) (Level C) In this third grade-level math lesson, students will practice telling time to the nearest five minutes. Questions are presented in multiple-choice format and fill-in-the-blank format.

Telling Time (Nearest Minute) (Level C) In this math lesson geared toward third grade, students will practice telling time to the nearest minute. Questions are presented in fill-in-the-blank format and multiple-choice format.

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GKT101: General Knowledge for Teachers – Math

Converting Units of Time

Watch this lecture series and complete the interactive exercises to practice converting measurements of time to different units.

Time conversion word problems - Questions

According to the recipe, how many more minutes does the turkey need to cook?

______ minutes

_______:_______

How many episodes may he watch?

_______ episodes

How many minutes does the casserole cook in total?

_______ minutes

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Time Worksheets Hub Page

Welcome to our Time Worksheets hub page.

Here you will find links to a wide range of free printable worksheets about Time, which will help your child become more confident telling the time, adding and subtracting time amounts, converting time and solving time word problems.

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Time Worksheets

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• Telling the Time sheets
• Time Conversion

Time Puzzles

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Telling the Time Worksheets

Here is our collection of telling the time worksheets for kids.

The following worksheets involve children telling the time with an analogue clock, and matching analogue and digital times.

O'clock and Half-past

Here is our selection of telling the time worksheets for 1st grade.

Using these sheets will help your child to:

• read o'clock and half-past times;
• convert o'clock and half-past times to digital;
• draw clock hands correctly to mark out o'clock and half-past.
• Telling Time Worksheets o'clock and half past

Quarter Past and Quarter To

Here are our collection of clock worksheets for 2nd grade. These sheets cover telling the time for quarter past and quarter to times.

Using these second grade math worksheets will help your child to:

• read quarter past and quarter to times;
• convert analogue to digital times;
• draw clock hands in the correct place for quarter past and quarter to.
• Clock Worksheets - Quarter Past and Quarter To

Telling the Time to 5 minutes

This section contains our 3rd grade time worksheets to help children tell the time in multiples of 5 minutes.

Using the sheets in this section will help your child to:

• tell the time to the nearest 5 minutes;
• become familiar with both digital and analogue times;
• add and subtract time intervals;
• use the words 'past' and 'to' to describe the time correctly.

These 3rd grade time worksheets will help your child become more familiar with telling the time.

• Telling Time to 5 Minutes Worksheets

Telling the Time to 1 minute

This section contains our 4th grade time worksheets to help children tell the time to the nearest minute.

• tell the time to the nearest minute;
• add and subtract time intervals.

These 4th grade time worksheets will help your child become more familiar with telling the time.

• Telling Time Worksheets Grade 4 (1 minute intervals)

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Converting Time

• 24 Hour Clock Conversion Worksheets

On this webpage there is a selection of printable 24 hour (military time) conversion worksheets which will help you learn to convert from 24 hour clock to standard 12 hour time, and from standard time to 24 hour time.

An answer sheet is provided with each sheet and the sheets are graded with the easiest sheets coming with supporting information.

Time Interval Worksheets

These sheets will help you learn to add and subtract hours and minutes from times as well as working out a range of time intervals.

There are also sheets to help you practice adding and subtracting time intervals.

• Add and Subtract Time Worksheets
• Elapsed Time Worksheets

Looking for an extension activity for children who can already tell the time?

Maybe you want an interesting starter activity for your lesson to get the class thinking?

These printable time puzzles will help to get your child thinking about time and solving problems involving time.

They are good at developing an understanding of the language used in time.

• Printable Time Worksheets - Time Puzzles (easier)
• Time Word Problems Worksheets - Harder Riddles

Time Conversion Calculators

Our time calculators will allow you to convert any digital time into a military time, and back.

We also have a decimal time converter which will take a time in hours, minutes and seconds and then convert it to a decimal number which represents that time. This calculator will also take a decimal time and convert it to hours, minutes and seconds.

• Units of Time Converter

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Converting units of time

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Seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks and years

These grade 3 time worksheets give students practice in converting units of time  between seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks and years. 

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Converting units of measure

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Lessons (15)

Converting between seconds, minutes and hours, solving problems involving converting between seconds, minutes and hours, converting between units of time, solving problems involving converting between units of time, converting between units of length, converting between metric units of length, solving problems involving converting between metric units of length, converting between units of length in the context of perimeter, converting between miles and km, solving problems involving converting between miles and km, converting between units of metric mass, solving problems involving converting between units of metric mass, understanding pounds and converting kilograms to pounds, solving problems involving the conversion between lb and kg, solving problems involving various units of measure.

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Converting Time Word Problems Worksheet

Updated:  22 Feb 2024

Develop problem solving skills set of printable multi-step time conversion worksheets.

Editable:  Google Slides

Non-Editable:  PDF

Pages:  8 Pages

• Curriculum Curriculum:  AUS V8, NSW, VIC, AUS V9

Years:  4 - 6

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Tell time to the minute and investigate the relationship between units of time

Convert between units of time

Use 'am' and 'pm' notation and solve simple time problems

Time - reads and records time in one-minute intervals and converts between hours, minutes and seconds

Use am and pm notation and solve simple time problems

Recognise and use the relationship between formal units of time including days, hours, minutes and seconds to estimate and compare the duration of events

Describe the relationship between the hours and minutes on analog and digital clocks, and read the time to the nearest minute

Solve problems involving the duration of time including situations involving “am” and “pm” and conversions between units of time

This set of problem solving questions has been designed to support teachers when teaching students about converting units of time.

It provides students with the opportunity to work through 12 maths word problems identifying the relevant units and how they can work it out using a variety of methods.

An answer sheet has been included.

teaching resource

Converting units of time – task cards.

Practise converting time with a handy set of free Time Unit Conversion Task Cards.

Measuring and Converting Time – Teaching Presentation

Learn how to measure and convert time with this 14-slide teaching presentation.

Time Maths Investigation - The Sands of Time

A mathematics investigation about measuring time, embedded in a real-world context.

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Learn How to Solve a Time Word Problem

In today’s post, we are going to work with time word problems . We’ll take a look at some examples and solve them together.

Let’s begin!

Time Word Problem 1: The Sailboat Race

In a sailboat race, the winning boat completed two distances in the following times: 2 min 22 seconds and 3 min 45 seconds.  How much time did it take the sailboat to finish from the beginning to the end?

Time Word Problem 2: Flight to NYC

When Alex arrived at the airport, he looked at his watch and it was 5:45 a.m., exactly 3 hours before his next flight to NYC. If his next flight left on time and took exactly 114 minutes, what was the time on his watch when he arrived in NYC?

We need to calculate the amount of time that passed since the moment Alex looked at his watch until when he landed in NYC. The first thing we need to do is figure out when the plane took off. The text told us that exactly 3 hours passed, so he left at 8:45 a.m.

What did you think about this post? Did it help you understand how to solve time word problems?

If you want to practice more time word problems, and others, create an account on Smartick and try it for free!

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The equation here is not what I need but, thanks for giving those equations

Please can i learn online with you

As an educator, I find this very educative. Students can develop a time-conscious attitude when dealing with maths problems.

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Solving problems involving converting between units of time

Subject: Mathematics

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Other

Last updated

22 February 2018

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Maths / Time / Units of Time

Browse our collection of worksheets for teaching duration of time, including days of the week, months of the year and seasons. Resources include activities, word searches, word jumbles, colouring in and more.

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25 Time Word Problems for Year 2 to Year 6 With Tips On Supporting Pupils’ Progress

Emma Johnson

Time word problems are an important element of teaching children how to tell the time. Children are introduced to the concept of time in Year 1. At this early stage, they learn the basics of analogue time; reading to the hour and half past and learn how to draw hands on the clocks to show these times.

As they move through primary school, pupils progress onto reading the time in analogue, digital and 24 hour clocks and being able to compare the duration of events. By the time children reach upper Key Stage 2, they should be confident in reading the time in all formats and solving problems involving converting between units of time.

Time in Year 1

Time in year 2, time in year 3, time in year 4, time in year 5 & 6.

• Why are word problems important for children’s understanding of time

How to teach time word problem solving in primary school

Time word problems for year 2, time word problems for year 3, time word problems for year 4, time word problems for year 5, time word problems for year 6, more time and word problems resources.

Let's Practice Telling The Time

Download this free printable worksheet to let your students practice telling the time.

When students are first introduced to time and time word problems , it is important for them to have physical clocks, to hold and manipulate the hands. Pictures on worksheets are helpful, but physical clocks enable them to work out what is happening with the hands and to solve word problems involving addition word problems and subtraction word problems .

Time word problems are important for helping children to understand how time is used in the real-world. We have put together a collection of 25 time word problems, which can be used with pupils from Year 2 to Year 6.

Time word problems in the National Curriculum  

In Year 1, students are introduced to the basics of time. They learn to recognise the hour and minute hand and use this to help read the time to the hour and half past the hour. They also draw hands on clock faces to represent these times. 

By the end of Year 2, pupils should be able to tell the time to five minutes, including quarter past/to the hour and draw the hands on a clock face to show these times. They should also know the number of minutes in an hour and the number of hours in a day.

In Year 3, children read the time in analogue (including using Roman Numerals). By this stage they are also learning to read digital time in 12 and 24 hour clock, using the AM and PM suffixes. Pupils record and compare time in terms of seconds, minutes and hours; know the number of seconds in a minute, days in a month and year and compare durations of events.

By Year 4, pupils should be confident telling the time in analogue to the nearest minute, digital and 24 hour clock. They also need to be able to read, write and convert time between analogue and digital 12 and 24 hour clocks and solve problems involving converting from hours to minutes; minutes to seconds; years to months and weeks to days. 

By Year 5 and 6, there is only limited mention of time in the curriculum. Pupils continue to build on the knowledge they have picked up so far and should be confident telling the time and solving a range of problems, including: converting units of time; elapsed time word problems, working with timetables and tackling multi-step word problems .

Time word problems have been known to appear on Year 6 SATs tests. Third Space Learning’s online one-to-one SATs revision programme incorporates a wide range of word problems to develop students’ problem solving skills and prepare them the SATs tests. Available for all primary year groups as well as Year 7 and GCSE, our online tuition programmes are personalised to suit the needs of each individual student, fill learning gaps and build confidence in maths.

Why are word problems important for children’s understanding of time

Word problems are important for helping children to develop their understanding of time and the different ways time is used on an every-day basis. Confidence in telling the time and solving a range of time problems is a key life skill. Time word problems provide children with the opportunity to build on the skills they have picked up and apply them to real-world situations.

It’s important children learn the skills needed to solve word problems. Key things they need to remember are: to make sure they read the question carefully; to think whether they have fully understood what is being asked and then identify what they will need to do to solve the problem and whether there are any concrete resources or pictorial representations which will help them.

Here is an example:

Mr Arrowsmith drives to Birmingham. He sets off at 3:15pm. He stops for a break of 15 minutes at 4:50 and arrives in Birmingham at 6:15pm.

How long did Mr Arrowsmith spend driving?

How to solve:

What do you already know?

• We know that he set off at 3:15pm and stopped for a break at 4:50. We can calculate how long the first part of his journey was, by counting on from 3:15 to 4:50.
• He had a break at 4:50pm for 15 minutes, so we won’t include that in our driving time calculation.
• He then must have set off again at 5:05pm, before arriving at 6:15pm. We can use this information to work out the length of the second part of his journey.
• We can then add the 2 journey times together, to calculate the total amount of time spent driving. 

How can this be represented pictorially?

•  We can use a number line to calculate the length of time each journey takes.
• If we start by adding on an hour, we can then calculate how many more minutes for each section of the journey.
• Once we have calculated the journey time for each part of the journey, we can add these together to calculate the total journey time.

Time word problems in Year 2 require students to read the time to o’clock and half past the hour and compare and sequence time intervals. 

Oliver went for a bike ride with his friend. 

He left home at 2 o’clock and came home at 4 o’clock.

How long was he out on his bike for?

Answer: 2 hours

Count on from 2 o’ clock to 4 o’clock or subtract 2 from 4.

Mum went shopping at 3 o’clock and got home an hour later.

Draw the time she got home on the clock below.

Tom baked a cake.

The cake was in the oven for one hour. 

If he took the cake out at half past 11, what time did he put the cake in?

Answer: Half past 10

Use an hour from half past 11.

Arlo starts school at 9 o’clock and has his first break at half past 10. 

How long does he have to wait for his first break?

Answer: One and a half hours.

(Use a number line to count on from 9 to half past 10)

The Smith family are going to the beach.

They plan to leave home at 10 o’clock and the journey take two hours.

What time will they arrive at the beach?

Answer: 12 o’clock

(Use a number line to count on 2 hours from 10 o’clock)

With time word problems for year 3 , students build on their understanding of analogue time from Year 2 and also begin to  read the time in  digital (12 and 24 hour clock). Children also need to be able to compare time and durations of events.

Chloe is walking to football training.

She sets off at 8:40am and takes 17 minutes to get there.

What time does she arrive?

Answer: 8:57

(Count on 17 minutes from 8:40 – use a number line if needed)

(Picture of analogue clock with 2:30 showing here)

Maisie says that in 1 hour and 48 minutes it will be 4:28.

Do you agree? Explain how you worked out your answer.

Answer: Maisie is wrong. It will be 4:18. 

This can be worked out by counting on an hour from 2:30 to 3:30 and then another 48 minutes to 4:18.

The Baker family are driving to their campsite. 

They set off at 8:30 am, drive for 2 hours and 15 minutes, then had a 30 minute break. 

If they drive for another 1 hour and 45 minutes, what time do they arrive at the campsite?

Answer: 12:45pm

Use a number line to show what time they arrive at the break. From 8:30, count on 2 hours and 15 minutes to get to 10:45. Add on the 30 minute break. It is now 11:15. They count on another hour and a half  to 12:45

Ahmed looks at his watch and says ‘it is half past 4 in the afternoon’

Jude says that it is 17:30 in a 24 hour clock.

Is Jude correct? Explain your answer.

Answer: Jude is not correct. Half past 4 in the afternoon is 16:30 not 17:30

How many minutes are there in 2 hours and 30 minutes?

Answer: 150 minutes

60 + 60 + 30 = 150

When solving time word problems for year 4 , pupils need to be confident telling time in analogue, and digital, as well as converting between analogue, 12 hour and 24 hour clock. They also begin to solve more challenging problems involving duration of time and converting time.

If there are 60 seconds in 1 minute. How many seconds are there in 8 minutes?

Answer: 480 seconds

60 x 8 = 480 seconds (calculate 6 x 8, then multiply by 10)

Mason played on his VR from 3:35 to 5:25.

How long did he play on his VR?

Answer: 1 hour and 50 minutes.

Count on from 3:35 (using a numberline if needed)

Jamie started his homework at 3:45pm. He finished 43 minutes later.

What time did Jamie finish? Give your answer in 24 hour clock.

Answer: 16:28

Count on 43 minutes from 3:45 (use a number line, if needed) = 4:28. Convert to 24 hour clock.

Chloe and Freya went to the cinema to watch a film. The film started at 2:05pm and lasted for 1 hour and 43 minutes. 

What time did the film end?

Answer: 3:48pm

Count on one hour from 2:05 pm to 3:05pm, then add another 43 minutes – 3:48pm

A family is driving on their holiday.

They drive for 2 hours and 28 minutes, stop for 28 minutes and then drive a further 1 hour and 52 minutes.

If they left at 8:30am, what time did they arrive?

Answer: 1:18pm

2 hours and 28 minutes from 8:30am = 10:58am

10:58am with a 28 minute break = 11:26am

1 hour 52 minute drive from 11:26 am = 1:18pm

With word problems for year 5 , pupils should be confident telling the time in analogue and digital and solving a wider range of time problems including: converting units of time; interpreting and answering questions on timetables and elapsed time.

The sun set at 19:31 and rose again at 6:28. 

How many hours passed between the sun setting and rising again?

Answer: 10 hours and 57 minutes

Count on from 19:31 to 5:31 (10 hours)

Then count on from 5:31 to 6:28 (57 minutes)

A play started at 14:45 and finished at 16:58.

How long was the play?

Answer: 2 hours and 13 minutes

Count on 2 hours from 14:45 to 16:45, then add another 13 minutes to get to 16:58

How many seconds are there in 23 minutes?

Answer: 1380 seconds

Show as column method: 60 x 23 = 1380

Max ran a race in 2 minutes 13 seconds, Oscar ran it in 125 seconds. 

What was the difference in time between Max and Oscar?

Answer: Oscar was 8 seconds faster.

Max – 2 minutes 13 seconds, Oscar – 2 minutes 5 seconds (difference of 8 seconds)

4 children take part in a freestyle swimming relay.

There times were: 

Maisie: 42.8 seconds

Amber 36.3 seconds

Megan 48.7 seconds

Zymal 45.6 seconds

What was the final time for the relay in minutes and seconds?

Answer: 2:53.4

(Show as column method) 42.8 + 36.3 + 48.7 + 45.6 = 173.4 seconds

173.4 seconds = 2:53.4

No new time concepts are taught to pupils in word problems for year 6 . By this stage they are continuing to build confidence and develop skills within the concepts already taught.

Chess: 25 minutes

Basketball: 40 minutes.

Trampolining: 30 minutes

Gymnastics: 50 minutes

Tennis 40 minutes

Tri golf – 45 minutes

Hamza is choosing activities to take part in at his holiday club.

The activities can’t add up to more than 2 hours.

Which 3 activities could he do, which add up to exactly 2 hours?

Answer: Trampolining, gymnastics and tennis: Trampolining: 30 minutes, gymnastics: 50 minutes, tennis: 40 minutes.

5 children took part in a sponsored swim. The children swam for the following lengths of time:

Sam: 27 minutes 37 seconds

Jemma: 33 minutes 29 seconds.

Ben: 23 minutes 18 seconds

Lucy: 41 minutes 57 seconds

Oliver: 39 minutes 21 seconds

Answer: 18 minutes 30 seconds

Longest: Lucy: 41 minutes 57 seconds

Shortest: Ben: 23 minutes 18 seconds.

Difference – count up from 23 minutes 18 seconds to 41 minutes 57 seconds = 18 minutes 39 seconds

What is 6 minutes 47 seconds in seconds?

Answer: 407 minutes

60 x 6 = 360

360 + 47 = 407 minutes

Bethany’s goal is to run round her school running track in under 8 minutes.

She runs it in 440 seconds. Does she achieve her goal? How far above or below the target is she?

Answer: Bethany beats her target by 40 seconds

8 minutes = 8 x 60 = 480 minutes

Lucy’s favourite programme is on TV twice a week for 35 minutes. 

In 6 weeks, how many hours does Lucy spend watching her favourite programme?

Answer: 7 hours

420 minutes = 7 hours

(Show as column method) 35 x 12 = 420 minutes

420 ÷ 60 = 7 

For more time resources, take a look at our collection of printable time worksheets. Third Space Learning also offers a wide collection of word problems covering a range of topics such as place value, decimals and fractions word problems , percentages word problems , division word problems , ratio word problems , addition and subtraction word problems , multiplication word problems , money word problems and other word problem challenge cards.

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In Echoes of Wisdom, Zelda Has Plenty to Teach Us With Her Unusual Problem-Solving Styles

Zelda finally takes the lead role in the franchise that bears her name. In a hands-on preview, I learned there are countless ways she can save the day.

• Bridget has spent over 18 years as a consumer tech reporter, hosting daily tech news shows and writing syndicated newspaper columns. She's often a guest on national radio and television stations, including ABC, CBS, CNBC and NBC.

Zelda picks up sword fighting in Echoes of Wisdom.

In the Legend of Zelda series, it's the swordsman Link who always finds himself on a quest to save Princess Zelda. But for the latest installment of the franchise, Echoes of Wisdom, it's Zelda who must roll up her royal sleeves to fight monsters and unlock dungeon puzzles to save her knight -- and the kingdom. 

I got a chance to play a small portion of the game, which comes out Sept. 26, to get a taste of the mechanics and style. To take on the tough bosses, game designers bestow Princess Zelda with a magic rod, giving players numerous options for confronting problems and puzzles. The cutesy visuals of the game are simplistic. It's a graphical style similar to the 2019 remake of Link's Awakening. 

But don't take the simple art and 2D-levels to mean the gameplay is antiquated. This heroine's quest is an amusing brain exercise in how to use your new abilities. It brings back elements of classic Zelda games that fans will appreciate, but you may find yourself solving problems in new and often ridiculous ways.

For example, I went a little overboard using beds to solve many of my early challenges. But someone else might lean into pottery. Or summon flying bat creatures for attacks, or instead use spiky sea urchins as a shield.

Zelda gets magical assistance on her quest from a creature called Tri and a staff called the Tri Rod. It lets Zelda make copies of all sorts of in-game objects (rocks, beds, decorative pottery) and copies of monsters (used to fight other monsters, naturally). The Tri Rod also can be a tether, which moves objects or it can act like a grappling hook. And this being a Zelda game, she, of course, gets a sword -- but her sword-fighting skills are used in limited-time bursts.  

It's delightful, it's addicting and even a bit therapeutic. In my brief time, I realized Zelda's style of fighting and problem-solving may offer us all some new wisdom to apply to our own lives.

Zelda uses Bind power to do some dungeon redecorating.

Men are simple to fool

I was a little stressed starting my quest without fighting skills or weapons, but as I made my way around the castle and collected objects to copy -- known as echoes -- I realized most problems don't need to be solved by swinging a sword. 

In one part, you need to avoid detection from male guards, and they are pretty simple to get around. The game encourages you to break some pottery to cause a distraction. But I found another way out of the jam -- I hid inside a large ceramic pot and carefully hopped around the guard. Lucky for me, he didn't notice a giant decorative pot was moving around. Doesn't take much to fool some foes!

You don't want to get pulled into the Still World. Unless you're Zelda. Then you'll be fine.

Don't let friends fade away

The big, scary problem of the game is that a mysterious purple void is consuming the kingdom of Hyrule. Objects and people that fall into this void wind up in a spooky dimension called the Still World, where Zelda finds people frozen in time, just floating in space. We're told they may eventually fade from existence. We know Link also fell into this void.

Zelda's powers with Tri are keeping her safe to explore the Still World, but it's not known how many people will be counting on her as this void swallows up more people. Zelda must push forward in this uncomfortable situation to prevent the people she cares for from fading away. Part of that is done by solving puzzles in classic-style dungeons to go after Link and find out what's causing the void to grow. 

Make self-care a priority

Among the many items you can duplicate, and the most helpful for me at the start, is an old bed. I was using beds as boats and bridges and staircases and quickly learned that you can sleep on any of these beds at any time. Even if monsters are around the corner, you can just conjure up a bed and take a nap. In fact, it's important to do that in tough zones. Sleeping replenishes your health. 

Go ahead and take a nap on some stacked beds in the water. You need your rest.

Zelda is out here reminding us that no matter how tough things get, the crisis can wait -- you need to make time for rest and self-care, especially before facing a giant rock monster.

A good leader knows when to delegate

It is a lot of fun to play as Zelda while slicing baddies with a sword, but her sword-fighting abilities come with a limited energy meter. So sometimes the smartest move is to save your strength and generate monsters to do the fighting for you. 

Once you defeat a monster, you can use the Tri Rod to learn an "echo" of it to make a copy of it later. There is some strategy in how you decide to unleash monsters. Zelda is limited in how much she can create, and the type of monster determines how many can be generated at once. For example, you might summon a fleet of small bat creatures called Keese or choose a single ax-wielding armored warrior called a Darknut. 

Either way, it's a handy way to make sure you get the job done without getting your hands dirty. It's OK to save your health and ask for help from those who are the experts in the (battle)field. 

Zelda is just fine taking on the Talus rock monster on her own. But you could summon some monsters to help.

Make time to savor life's treasures

I'm used to playing Link in the open-world Zelda games like Breath of the Wild and Tears of the Kingdom, where treasure chests open to reveal cool weapons. But all I unlocked for the princess in this early demo was a few keys, some radiant butter and electro apples. Busting open wooden boxes gave me floral nectar, not fire arrows. Food is a big treasure at the start.

Nintendo has said she will be using these items to make smoothies. I can appreciate the efficiency of a smoothie -- of staying hydrated and nourished on-the-go. But there are many more elements and treasures I have yet to discover in the gameplay.

Do I want to keep playing? Absolutely. The cute cartoon-style design mixed with open puzzle-solving possibilities has me hooked. I found nothing in the first section of the game too hard to become discouraging. But it's also very rewarding to find a creative solution to a tricky problem -- especially when it makes you laugh with unexpected furniture and creature combos. 

I am a fan of 2023's Tears of the Kingdom, which also invokes the spirit of solving problems in various ways. Even though this game is not an open world, Tears fans may also like the absurdity of Echoes and using all sorts of objects in odd ways to win.

The Legend of Zelda is an 38-year-old franchise with about 20 different titles. But Nintendo found yet another way for it to feel fresh -- and yet different for everyone who plays it.

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Celebrating the evolution of 75 years of Sandia

BY MICHAEL ELLIS LANGLEY

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2024

California site Associate Labs Director Andy McIlroy reflects on impacts of the Labs through the years

Associate Labs Director Andy McIlroy, head of Sandia’s Integrated Security Solutions division, has worked at the Labs for 30 of its 75 years, witnessing the institution’s evolution into an internationally renowned, problem-solving juggernaut.

The first mission

“When you look at the 75-year history of the Labs, we were founded with a sole mission of nuclear deterrence,” Andy said, adding that it may be hard for younger generations of Americans and Sandians, who grew up following the end of the Cold War, to understand how the nation’s nuclear stockpile may have prevented international conflict.

“As awful as nuclear weapons are, they have brought a certain level of peace and stability to the world that was sorely lacking in the several centuries previous to that,” Andy continued. “People were genuinely worried about nuclear war. The nation’s arsenal has served its purpose and has deterred numerous bad outcomes. Looking back, Sandia has played a central role in creating the safe, secure deterrent that made this possible and has given policymakers a tool to keep the peace. When I consider what might have been, I think we can be proud of being part of that deterrent and helping to achieve a historically unprecedented level of global stability.”

Sandia, which engineers all the non-nuclear components of weapons systems, has been a central champion for building safety systems into the stockpile.

“It’s an incredible achievement — planned and executed largely by Sandia teams — to attain the level of safety that we have in nuclear weapons,” Andy said. “Over the years, some plane crashes and other accidents have come closer to an unintended detonation than anyone would like. I think it’s fair to say that Sandia has played an outsized role in assuring the safety and security of the weapons during our 75-year history. Nuclear weapons will remain secure, due in no small part to the work of our amazing scientists and engineers.”

From weapons to world-changing technology

The reputation and experience that Sandia has developed as systems analysts and engineers since 1949 have made modern life possible — from the microchip to the automobile.

In 1962, Labs physicist Willis Whitfield created  the world’s first laminar-flow cleanroom , which filtered microscopic particles out of the air — allowing for the manufacturing of extraordinarily sensitive technologies in an atmosphere free from pollutants. This technology, licensed by Sandia around the world, has enabled billion-dollar industries to flourish, including microchips that are found in almost everything today.

“The laminar-flow cleanroom is a fundamental pillar in modern microelectronics,” Andy said. “Talk about impact on the lives of everyday people! People who video chat, for example, do so over probably 50 different computers without realizing it. Smartphones. Cars. Most people don’t know how one invention at Sandia enabled our modern way of life. The story is rarely told because it happened so long ago.”

That was just Sandia’s first step in ushering in the modern electronic age.

“In the 1990s, Sandia California, along with Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley national labs, led what is still the largest cooperative research and development agreement in the history of the national lab complex,” Andy said. “We partnered with the Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, a not-for-profit consortium of companies focused on advancing microchip manufacturing, to develop practical extreme UV lithography.”

Extreme ultraviolet lithography is a method, using UV light, to create intricate patterns on silicon wafers. The method allows chipmakers to create electron pathways on wafers as small as three to five nanometers. This made it possible to create smaller technologies more powerful than anything that had come before.

“It was at Sandia California that the first EUVL machine was invented. We made the first prototype and demonstrated it,” Andy recalled. “It took 20 years before that became a practical industry capability, but the very highest-performance microchips of today are directly traceable back to the work that Rick Stulen (former vice president of Sandia California), Glenn Kubiak (former director of the Biological, Radiation, and Signature Science, Technology, & Engineering center), and their team did.”

Sandia, under the hood

Another era in scientific discovery was born inside the Combustion Research Facility on the Sandia California campus — one that has silently impacted the automotive industry for decades.

“Our focus was on clean and efficient combustion,” said Andy, who previously oversaw the Combustion Research Facility in one of his many prior roles at Sandia. “I once fielded a question from someone in academia during a CRF function about how much the work we were doing mattered because they didn’t see many patents coming from there. Standing with me was the director of research and development for General Motors. Before I could respond, he said — quite succinctly I might add — ‘There is not a single car in the parking lot outside this building, domestic or international, whose engine has not been affected by the work done in this building.’”

Andy said that Sandia’s fundamental work to understand combustion have helped the design of several generations of cleaner and more efficient vehicle engines.

“But there’s no Thunderbird stamped on all those engines, so most people don’t know about that part of the story,” he said.

National interest, international impact

Andy also pointed out the Combustion Research Facility’s status as one of the few facilities in the national security lab complex to host collaborators from all over the world.

“The founders of the CRF were rather prescient in understanding the importance of collaborating throughout the world on areas of common interest where national boundaries are less important,” Andy said. “If you’re going to say you’re the best in the world, the only way you can know for sure is by diving into the international competition of ideas. Peer interactions and peer reviews hone your skills and make you better. They also help you understand what is actually state-of-the-art.”

The Livermore Valley Open Campus, which includes portions of both Sandia California and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, has created a nexus of national lab experts, foreign national experts and the Bay Area’s high-tech community to tackle groundbreaking work. But the campus is about more than science diplomacy.

“The LVOC is critically important for our national security missions,” Andy said. “Our energy and science programs give us global arenas to test ourselves, so we can see where we stand and make sure we rise up to truly be the best in the world. The world is a far more competitive place than it was seven decades ago. Understanding where we sit in that space and other countries’ capabilities is vital.”

The evolution of Sandia’s culture

Modernizing research and capabilities for the 21st century is not the only way in which Sandia has evolved.

“In the ’50s,” Andy said, “there was a model of recruiting the smartest people at a college campus to work at the Labs. Unfortunately, this meant that the early Sandians were almost all white males, especially because women were actively kept out of scientific fields. My own mother tried to take physics in college and was literally told by the professor to leave and unregister from the class.”

Today, Andy sees a diverse laboratory, composed of individuals who have come to Sandia from a range of backgrounds, bringing different cultural viewpoints. He also sees the incalculable benefits of that diversity.

“When teams have a wide range of expertise and viewpoints, they usually do better —sometimes a lot better,” he said. “Your culture and where you came from influence how you think about solving problems and how you approach those things. People who say, ‘Oh, it’s all just technical, you don’t need that,’ sell themselves and their organizations short. If we still limited ourselves to hiring white, male, U.S.-born scientists and engineers, we would have an awfully small pool to draw from, and we would miss out on lots of talent.”

Andy believes in casting a wide net to find the best possible minds on earth to tackle the most pressing issues facing the nation and the world.

“The nation has become more diverse, and the competition for that talent has become much more intense,” he points out, particularly when it comes to policymaking. “When we sit down at Sandia’s senior leadership table, we have true diversity around the table and different ways of thinking about problems. We reach better solutions that way. Sometimes things can be a little rocky during our discussions because folks are coming from very different perspectives and different ways of thinking about things.”

“But,” Andy said, “the solutions that we arrive at are better for having been tested in all those different dimensions. This has been a really positive evolution for us as a laboratory.”

• Sandia California: Innovation and inspiration come together
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• Good judgment, technical problem-solving, and analytical skills.
• Flexibility and adaptability as technology evolves.
• Prior experience in imaging techniques and applications in biological research.
• General lab skills and knowledge of lab safety and infection control.

Qualifications:

• Ph.D. in immunology, biological sciences, biochemistry, or a related field, and 2+ years of related postgraduate work experience
• Other technical and academic degrees will be considered with relevant research experience.
• 3+ years of demonstrated skill and experience using CODEX/PhenoCycler.
• Possess deep knowledge and expertise in immunology, biology, and multi-omics applications in translational research across various disease areas such as oncology (ONC), immuno-oncology (IO), immunity-driven diseases, and related treatment strategies.
• Understanding sample preparation, instrument optimization, and data analysis.
• Interest in bioinformatics and experience with software.
• Ability to identify and troubleshoot critical issues.
• Detail-orientated

Why Novartis: Our purpose is to reimagine medicine to improve and extend people’s lives and our vision is to become the most valued and trusted medicines company in the world. How can we achieve this? With our people. It is our associates that drive us each day to reach our ambitions. Be a part of this mission and join us! Learn more here: https://www.novartis.com/about/strategy/people-and-culture

You’ll receive: You can find everything you need to know about our benefits and rewards in the Novartis Life Handbook: https://www.novartis.com/careers/benefits-rewards

Commitment to Diversity and Inclusion / EEO: The Novartis Group of Companies are Equal Opportunity Employers and take pride in maintaining a diverse environment. We do not discriminate in recruitment, hiring, training, promotion or other employment practices for reasons of race, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital or veteran status, disability, or any other legally protected status. We are committed to building diverse teams, representative of the patients and communities we serve, and we strive to create an inclusive workplace that cultivates bold innovation through collaboration and empowers our people to unleash their full potential.

Novartis Compensation and Benefit Summary: The pay range for this position at commencement of employment is expected to be between $112,800 to $186,000/year; however, while salary ranges are effective from 1/1/24 through 12/31/24, fluctuations in the job market may necessitate adjustments to pay ranges during this period. Further, final pay determinations will depend on various factors, including, but not limited to geographical location, experience level, knowledge, skills, and abilities. The total compensation package for this position may also include other elements, including a sign-on bonus, restricted stock units, and discretionary awards in addition to a full range of medical, financial, and/or other benefits (including 401(k) eligibility and various paid time off benefits, such as vacation, sick time, and parental leave), dependent on the position offered. Details of participation in these benefit plans will be provided if an employee receives an offer of employment. If hired, employee will be in an “at-will position” and the Company reserves the right to modify base salary (as well as any other discretionary payment or compensation program) at any time, including for reasons related to individual performance, Company or individual department/team performance, and market factors.

Join our Novartis Network: If this role is not suitable to your experience or career goals but you wish to stay connected to hear more about Novartis and our career opportunities, join the Novartis Network here: https://talentnetwork.novartis.com/network

Commitment to Diversity and Inclusion: Novartis is committed to building an outstanding, inclusive work environment and diverse teams' representative of the patients and communities we serve.

Why Novartis: Helping people with disease and their families takes more than innovative science. It takes a community of smart, passionate people like you. Collaborating, supporting and inspiring each other. Combining to achieve breakthroughs that change patients’ lives. Ready to create a brighter future together? https://www.novartis.com/about/strategy/people-and-culture

Join our Novartis Network: Not the right Novartis role for you? Sign up to our talent community to stay connected and learn about suitable career opportunities as soon as they come up: https://talentnetwork.novartis.com/network

Benefits and Rewards: Read our handbook to learn about all the ways we’ll help you thrive personally and professionally: https://www.novartis.com/careers/benefits-rewards

EEO Statement:

The Novartis Group of Companies are Equal Opportunity Employers who are focused on building and advancing a culture of inclusion that values and celebrates individual differences, uniqueness, backgrounds and perspectives. We do not discriminate in recruitment, hiring, training, promotion or other employment practices for reasons of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital or veteran status, disability, or any other legally protected status. We are committed to fostering a diverse and inclusive workplace that reflects the world around us and connects us to the patients, customers and communities we serve.

Accessibility & Reasonable Accommodations

The Novartis Group of Companies are committed to working with and providing reasonable accommodation to individuals with disabilities. If, because of a medical condition or disability, you need a reasonable accommodation for any part of the application process, or to perform the essential functions of a position, please send an e-mail to [email protected] or call +1(877)395-2339 and let us know the nature of your request and your contact information. Please include the job requisition number in your message.