education in english speaking countries

Countries in which English Language is a Mandatory or an Optional Subject (interactive)

Global english education policy.

Because this project is most interested in the spread of English usage through public education systems, we excluded countries where English is dominant to such an extent that the role of the public education systems are much more complex (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States – what Braj Kachru has famously but problematically labeled the ‘Inner Circle’ distinguishable from the ‘Outer Circle’ and the ‘Expanding Circle,’ Kachru 2005). This should not be taken to suggest that national public education systems in these countries do not play a role or that these countries are monolingual. On the contrary, each of these countries is, like every country in the world, on the spectrum of multilingualism, and schools in these countries, as in every other, are key sights of language politics. Moreover, there is obviously an argument that Quebec should be included, even if Canada as a whole is excluded, and the only officially bilingual province, New Brunswick, would be another special case. Indeed, we did collect data on Quebec separately, but with the dominance of English in North America, it begs the question whether such macro-level data is appropriate. Similarly, the autonomous Kurdish region of Iraq should ideally have its own entry (see note on Iraq) but to move below the 'nation-state' level of official policy analysis would, in our judgement, introduce more questions and possible misrepresentation of the accuracy of the data. Moreover, in the Kurdish region of Iraq, like the rest of Iraq, English is a mandatory subject from grades 1-12. So we have opted to be clear about the limitations of the current data and remain solely at the macro-level of state policy.

You can filter this map by clicking on the legend. We have also included a filter based on countries that were former British colonies and those which were not since the history of the dominance of English is often traced back to this imperial legacy. We would not want this filter to be used to reduce the complex arguments about the role of British colonialism in the advent of global English, but it does make clear the prevalence of mandatory English in countries that are not former colonies.

Viewers should also be aware of the unfortunate visual impact of the Mercator Projection of the world map as well at the mapping project’s dependence on territory when questions of population are more significant to most issues concerning global English. We have tried to address this to some extent in the following sections on population.

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When English becomes the global language of education we risk losing other – often better – ways of learning

Professor and Dean of Education, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington

Adjunct Research Fellow Victoria University of Wellington; Head of the Quality Assurance Institute and Senior Lecturer, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Disclosure statement

Muhammad Zuhdi terafiliasi dengan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

Stephen Dobson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington provides funding as a member of The Conversation NZ.

Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU.

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• Bahasa Indonesia

The English language in education today is all-pervasive. “Hear more English, speak more English and become more successful” has become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Some say it’s already a universal language, ahead of other mother tongues such as Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Spanish or French. In reality, of course, this has been centuries in the making. Colonial conquest and global trade routes won the hearts and minds of foreign education systems.

These days, the power of English (or the versions of English spoken in different countries) has become accepted wisdom, used to justify the globalisation of education at the cost of existing systems in non-English-speaking countries.

The British Council exemplifies this, with its global presence and approving references to the “ English effect ” on educational and employment prospects.

English as a passport to success

In non-English countries the packaging of English and its promise of success takes many forms. Instead of being integrated into (or added to) national teaching curricula, English language learning institutes, language courses and international education standards can dominate whole systems.

Among the most visible examples are Cambridge Assessment International Education and the International Baccalaureate (which is truly international and, to be fair, also offered in French and Spanish).

Read more: Beyond the black hole of global university rankings: rediscovering the true value of knowledge and ideas

Schools in non-English-speaking countries attract globally ambitious parents and their children with a mix of national and international curricula, such as the courses offered by the Singapore Intercultural School across South-East Asia.

Language and the class divide

The love of all things English begins at a young age in non-English-speaking countries, promoted by pop culture, Hollywood movies, fast-food brands, sports events and TV shows.

Later, with English skills and international education qualifications from high school, the path is laid to prestigious international universities in the English-speaking world and employment opportunities at home and abroad.

But those opportunities aren’t distributed equally across socioeconomic groups. Global education in English is largely reserved for middle-class students.

This is creating a divide between those inside the global English proficiency ecosystem and those relegated to parts of the education system where such opportunities don’t exist.

For the latter there is only the national education curriculum and the lesson that social mobility is a largely unattainable goal.

The Indonesian experience

Indonesia presents a good case study. With a population of 268 million, access to English language curricula has mostly been limited to urban areas and middle-class parents who can afford to pay for private schools.

At the turn of this century, all Indonesian districts were mandated to have at least one public school offering a globally recognised curriculum in English to an international standard. But in 2013 this was deemed unconstitutional because equal educational opportunity should exist across all public schools.

Read more: Lessons taught in English are reshaping the global classroom

Nevertheless, today there are 219 private schools offering at least some part of the curriculum through Cambridge International, and 38 that identify as Muslim private schools. Western international curricula remain influential in setting the standard for what constitutes quality education.

In Muslim schools that have adopted globally recognised curricula in English, there is a tendency to over-focus on academic performance. Consequently, the important Muslim value of تَرْبِيَة ( Tarbiya ) is downplayed.

Encompassing the flourishing of the whole child and the realisation of their potential, Tarbiya is a central pillar in Muslim education. Viewed like this, schooling that concentrates solely on academic performance fails in terms of both culture and faith.

Learning is about more than academic performance

Academic performance measured by knowledge and skill is, of course, still important and a source of personal fulfilment. But without that cultural balance and the nurturing of positive character traits, we argue it lacks deeper meaning.

Read more: The top ranking education systems in the world aren't there by accident. Here's how Australia can climb up

A regulation issued by the Indonesian minister of education in 2018 underlined this. It listed a set of values and virtues that school education should foster: faith, honesty, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creativity, independence, democracy, curiosity, nationalism, patriotism, appreciation, communication, peace, a love of reading, environmental awareness, social awareness and responsibility.

These have been simplified to five basic elements of character education: religion, nationalism, Gotong Royong (collective voluntary work), independence and integrity.

These are not necessarily measurable by conventional, Western, English-speaking and empirical means. Is it time, then, to reconsider the internationalising of education (and not just in South-East Asia)? Has it gone too far, at least in its English form?

Isn’t it time to look closely at other forms of education in societies where English is not the mother tongue? These education systems are based on different values and they understand success in different ways.

It’s unfortunate so many schools view an English-speaking model as the gold standard and overlook their own local or regional wisdoms. We need to remember that encouraging young people to join a privileged English-speaking élite educated in foreign universities is only one of many possible educational options.

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The Education System in the UK

Introduction.

School in the UK is compulsory between the ages of five and sixteen. Children younger than five can go to a toddler group (accompanied by a parent), playgroup or nursery school.

Compulsory schooling begins at the age of five. Pupils first attend primary school, which lasts for six years. Often primary school in the UK is divided into infant school (the first two years) and junior school (the following 4 years).

After primary school, students go to secondary school until they are sixteen (practical emphasis) or 18 (secondary school with 6th form - academic emphasis).

The school year consists of three terms. Students have about 12-13 weeks of holiday per school year.

When students in the UK say what year they are in, they usually use cardinal numbers, e. g. ‘year ten’. (In the USA, students would use ordinal numbers, e. g. ‘tenth grade’.)

At primary school, classes run Monday to Friday from about 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. There are usually between 25 and 35 pupils in one class. They primarily learn how to read, write and count. They also learn something about their country and about religion and they begin to study their first foreign language.

At secondary school, classes also run Monday to Friday, but are usually from about 8.45 to 3.30. Typical mandatory subjects are English, maths, natural sciences (biology, physics, chemistry), modern languages (French, German, Spanish), religion, citizenship, physical education, information and communication technology, geography and history. Apart from these, schools also offer optional courses from which their students can choose. At the age of sixteen, students usually sit several exams and decide whether they want to leave school or continue in a 6th form college.

Gifted and talented students can choose to enter for examinations early (one year or several terms) and then take additional courses in these or other subjects.

Grading Scale

In the UK (as in other English speaking countries) letter grades are used in reports.

• A > 80% (excellent)
• B > 70% (very good)
• C > 60% (improvement needed)
• D > 50% (close fail)
• E > 40% (fail)
• F < 40% (fail)

In general, only grades A to C are a 'pass'. Still, in the UK no student has to repeat a year – weak students can take extra lessons at school.

Different Kinds of Schools

Most students in the UK are enrolled in state funded schools. These are financed through taxes, so parents do not have to pay for their children's education. But there are also numerous private schools, also known as independent schools, where education is not free of charge.

Students can choose to attend a co-educational school or a single sex school.

School Uniforms

It is common for students in the UK to wear school uniforms. They consist of:

• blazer or sweater with school logo
• shirt and tie or polo shirt / t-shirt
• dark trousers or dark skirt
• black shoes

At some schools, students are required to wear a shirt and a tie, other schools only require a t-shirt or sweater. The colour of the uniform also depends on the school – blazer, sweater, trousers and skirt are usually blue, grey, green or brown.

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In this section

Countries where education is in english.

• Equivalent qualifications
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International

Education in the secondary and higher education systems of the countries listed below satisfies the University of Leicester’s English language requirements. This means that if you have...

• either completed your secondary (high school) education in a public (state-funded) school
• or completed at least one year of higher education in a recognised university

...in one of the countries listed below, the University does not need further evidence of your English language ability.

• Antigua and Barbuda
• British Virgin Islands
• Cayman Islands
• Christmas Islands
• Cocos Islands
• Cook Islands
• Falkland Islands
• New Zealand
• Norfolk Island
• Papua New Guinea
• Sierra Leone
• South Africa
• St Kitts and Nevis
• St Vincent and the Grenadines
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Turks and Caicos Islands

Not sure if you meet our English Language requirements? Please contact us by email and our staff will be happy to advise you:

• [email protected] for undergraduate courses
• [email protected] for postgraduate courses
• [email protected] for PhDs and postgraduate research degrees

Map of Countries That Speak English: The Guide

Meet  David De’ Ath , founder, editor, and writer at Wonderful World English. With his extensive background as an English teacher, David provides valuable insights and practical tips on ESL for students and teachers alike.

English, a language that originated in England, has become a global lingua franca.

Around the world, English can be found as an official, administrative, or cultural language in numerous countries and territories.

Its proliferation is closely tied to the history of British colonization and the subsequent adoption of the language in various domains such as education, government, and international business.

The spread of the English language has resulted in a map that highlights its status as the official or national language in over 50 sovereign states and numerous non-sovereign entities.

English also holds a position of prestige and is often used as a primary language in global commerce, science, and the internet.

This widespread use has reinforced its role in international communication and relations.

Inquiry into the nations where English is an official language sheds light on how it shapes the interactions between citizens and government officials, and how it continues to influence societal norms and business practices.

The language’s adaptability and its historical journey have solidified its place in the fabric of global communication.

Global Distribution of English

The English language boasts a widespread global presence, being an official language in numerous countries across various continents and a pivotal lingua franca in international affairs.

Its roots trace back to the influence of the British Empire and continue to expand with globalization.

English in Different Continents

English has a significant footprint across all inhabited continents. In  North America , the  United States  and  Canada are predominantly English-speaking. 

Africa  sees countries like  South Africa  and  Nigeria  using English as one of multiple official languages. 

Moving to  Europe , nations such as the  United Kingdom  and  Ireland  are native English-speaking, while many Europeans learn it as a second language. 

Asia  presents a diverse linguistic landscape with countries like  India ,  Singapore , and  Philippines  incorporating English into their official communications.

In  Oceania ,  Australia  and  New Zealand  are key native English-speaking countries.

Countries Where English Is an Official Language

English holds an official status in over 50 nations.

Examples include the  UK  in  Europe ,  Jamaica  in the  Caribbean , and  Kenya  in  Africa . 

Various  Asian  countries like  India ,  Singapore , and  Philippines  also maintain English as an official administrative language.

English as a Second Language

In nations where English is not an indigenous language, it often thrives as a  second language .

This is common across  Europe —in countries such as the  Netherlands  and  Germany —and in parts of  Africa  and  Asia , including regions where  French ,  Spanish , or  German  were historically dominant.

Are you interested in finding out about how you can become a part of the English teaching world?

Teaching ESL can be one of the most enriching adventures, be sure to check out the link below for more information!

Related: How to Teach English Overseas: Ultimate Guide

Historical Influence

The spread of English can largely be attributed to the expansion of the  British Empire , which established colonies around the globe.

Countries such as the  USA ,  Canada ,  Australia , and parts of the  Caribbean  like  Jamaica , reflect this historical influence in their official language.

English-Speaking Territories

Beyond independent nations, English is the official language of various non-sovereign entities and territories such as  Bermuda ,  Cayman Islands ,  Gibraltar , and  Montserrat .

English Variants

Different countries and regions have developed their own variants of English, such as  American English  in the  USA and  British English  in the  UK . 

These variants can differ significantly in vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Population of English Speakers

The  USA  leads with the highest population of English speakers, while significant numbers are found in  India , the  United Kingdom ,  Canada ,  Australia , and the  Philippines .

International Organizations and English Language

English serves as a primary  lingua franca  within international organizations such as the  United Nations  and the  European Union , facilitating cross-border communication.

Language and Integration

English acts as a critical tool for integration and cultural exchange, especially in regions with high linguistic diversity such as  Asia  and  Africa .

English in Non-Sovereign Entity

In non-sovereign territories like  Hong Kong ,  Puerto Rico , and the  Isle of Man , English plays a complex role alongside local languages, reflecting historical and cultural ties with the English-speaking world.

English Language Influence

The widespread use of English, often termed the  lingua franca  of the modern era, is deeply ingrained in numerous aspects of global interaction.

It has established itself as the predominant language in many international fields, thanks to historical and contemporary reasons spanning from the expansion of the British Empire to the cultural and economic influence of countries like the United States.

Business and Trade

In business and trade, English serves as a critical link between markets and professionals across continents. 

For instance, in Asia, nations such as Singapore use English as  an official language  to negotiate trade agreements and conduct business on an international scale. 

It is also common for companies headquartered in non-English speaking European countries to adopt English to appeal to a global customer base and maintain a competitive edge.

Education and Research

English-language publications dominate  education and research , with the majority of scientific papers published in English, irrespective of the authors’ native languages. 

Educational institutions from countries like India and the Netherlands often offer programs in English to attract international students and facilitate academic collaboration.

Cultural Impact

The cultural influence of the English language is undeniable. 

From the prevalence of English-language music and films originating in the United States and United Kingdom to the use of English in various media, it’s a driving force in shaping global entertainment. 

Countries around the world consume and produce content in English, making it a staple in entertainment  circles.

For a map of countries that do NOT speak English, click the link below!

Related: Countries That Don’t Speak English: An Insightful Guide

Technology and Internet

English’s dominance is particularly evident in the fields of technology and the internet, where it is the  primary language  of communication. 

Major technology companies, many of which are based in the USA, use English as their working language and a significant portion of internet content is written in English, making accessibility a priority for non-native speakers.

Political and Diplomatic Language

English’s role on the international political stage is substantial. 

It is one of the six official languages of the United Nations and is often the preferred language in diplomatic discourse. 

Countries like Malta and  Ireland , which are English-speaking, participate in international dialogues via this common linguistic medium.

Tourism and Travel

Finally, English’s reach extends into tourism and travel. 

Countries including New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and Ireland, boost their tourism industries by advertising attractions in English to draw international travelers. 

Moreover, English often comes in handy for tourists as a  second language  when they traverse through various nations, easing communication barriers.

With English as an influence across various spheres, it weaves a thread of cohesion among diverse linguistic landscapes and contemporary global dynamics.

Teaching English overseas combines the challenge of adapting to new cultural environments with the reward of aiding in the global spread of the English language.

Obtaining the necessary certifications such as TEFL, researching potential destinations, and understanding the specific requirements and conditions of each location are essential steps for success.

Educators must be prepared to navigate different educational systems, legal requirements, and cultural norms.

Those who take on this adventure will not only enhance their professional capabilities but also experience significant personal growth and cultural enrichment.

Engaging fully in this journey allows teachers to make lasting impacts on their students’ lives while broadening their own perspectives through immersive cultural experiences.

We hope you find value in this information; you can  contact us  if you need any assistance.

Have a wonderful day!

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New right to education report reveals measures taken by countries to expand linguistic diversity in education

UNESCO just published the report From rights to country level action analyzing the 82 reports that were submitted for the recent consultation with UNESCO Member States on the implementation of the Convention against discrimination in education . On the occasion of the International Mother Language Day , the findings of the report are particularly relevant in showcasing national efforts made to foster cultural and linguistic diversity, and can be of inspiration in the context of learning recovery.

Conducted on a periodic basis, the consultations require Member States to submit a national report on the measures taken to implement this normative instrument, providing a valuable opportunity to take stock of the progress made, sharing interesting national practices and report on challenges, for example in light of the impact of the COVID—19 pandemic. For the last twelve years, there has been more than 47% increase in state reporting which shows the value given to this reporting mechanism.

The Convention provides for clear rights when it comes to languages. Recognizing the importance of minority languages, 41% of reporting states have legislation or regulations which guarantee the right of national minorities to study in their mother tongue – some states have even guaranteed this right in their constitutions. The report reveals that countries provide instruction in minority or indigenous languages and in accordance with the needs of the local populations as well as spreading multicultural and intercultural bilingual education through teacher training in “linguistic, communicative, cultural, sociolinguistic and pedagogical competences” in the minority languages. Among the 47% of countries reporting on the adaptation of the curriculum to minorities needs, examples, for instance, on the creation of specific syllabus for schools in the mother tongue of the national minorities and in native languages of indigenous communities, were shared.

Refugees and migrants face a multitude of obstacles to education, including language barriers. 52% of reporting countries are providing language classes to ensure a smooth transition into the educational system of the host country.

Despite progress made, the findings reveal that when the language of instruction differed from the mother tongue, for example for those with migrant backgrounds, learning was extremely challenging and resulted in poor performance. In this respect, globally, 40% of the population does not have access to an education in a language they speak or understand.

Rights-based national measures taken to ensure that every learner can be educated in their mother language will help to foster inclusion and reduce disparities in education, especially for learning recovery. Technology may also have a role to advance multilingual education and support the development of quality learning for all, a facet which is being explored by the Initiative on Evolving the Right to Education . With increasing mobility and the risk of languages disappearing, it is timelier than ever to fully embrace linguistic diversity in education.

• Read the report
• More on UNESCO’s work on the right to education
• More on UNESCO’s work around languages in education

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• International Mother Language Day
• Right to education
• Inclusive education
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The Countries With the Best English Speakers

English language.

English proficiency is an increasingly important factor for job seekers, company success and tourism revenues all over the world. EF's English Proficiency Index shows how well people all over the world speak English - in general ranging from highly proficient speakers in culturally close and highly developed European nations to much lower skill levels in little-developed countries, often those in which education and daily life is centered around a different European language altogether.

But the results also reveal some surprising results, including one big tourism player not well-versed in the international lingua franca, a highly proficient Asian nation and another from the continent that is a global power, but might not always walk the talk.

Western and Northern European nations won out the category of very high proficiency last year, with the Netherlands in the lead. The second-highest scoring country was Singapore - at 631 out of 800 points far ahead of the Philippines (578), Malaysia (568) and Hong Kong (558). The city state profits from its highly urban population, international immigrants and business prowess.

Relatively low proficiency in English could be seen in China at 464 out of 800 points. Despite haven risen to global economic and cultural prominence, the once-closed-off country continues to look within - aided by censorship keeping public discourse domestic - while also supporting a relatively large rural population. The English language situation is more dire in Thailand, however. Despite a large number of tourists swarming the country, very low proficiency was measures in 2022 at 416 out of 800 points.

Description

This chart shows different countries' score on the EF English Proficiency Index 2023.

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English-speaking countries around the world

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on English-speaking countries around the world! In this article, we will explore the diverse range of countries where English is widely spoken as a first or second language. Whether you are a traveler seeking new destinations, a language enthusiast, or simply interested in expanding your knowledge, this guide will provide you with valuable insights into the cultural, historical, and linguistic aspects of these countries. From the United States to Australia , from the United Kingdom to South Africa , join us on this journey to discover the fascinating world of English-speaking countries.

North America

United states.

The United States is a diverse and culturally rich country located in North America . With English as its official language, it is one of the largest English-speaking countries in the world. The United States is home to over 330 million people, making it the third most populous country globally.

English is not only the primary language spoken by the majority of Americans but also serves as the de facto language of business, education, and government. From the bustling streets of New York City to the sunny beaches of California, English is the common thread that unites this vast and geographically diverse nation.

Canada, located in the northern part of North America, is another prominent English-speaking country. English and French are both official languages in Canada, with English being the most widely spoken language. Approximately 75% of Canadians speak English as their first language.

English in Canada varies regionally, and you may encounter different accents and dialects across the country. From the vibrant multicultural city of Toronto to the breathtaking landscapes of the Canadian Rockies, Canada offers a diverse and welcoming environment for English speakers.

Although Spanish is the official language of Mexico, English has gained significant importance in recent years. As one of the largest economies in the world and a major tourist destination, Mexico has seen a rise in the demand for English proficiency.

English-speaking expatriates and tourists can easily find English-speaking communities in popular destinations like Mexico City, Cancun, and Puerto Vallarta. Many businesses, particularly in the tourism and hospitality sectors, cater to English-speaking visitors. Exploring Mexico’s rich history, vibrant culture, and stunning beaches becomes more accessible for English speakers due to the increasing prevalence of English language services.

In conclusion, North America is home to several English-speaking countries, including the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Each country offers unique cultural experiences, diverse landscapes, and opportunities for English speakers to communicate and connect with people from all walks of life.

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is a country located in Northwestern Europe . It consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. English is the official language of the United Kingdom and is widely spoken by its population. The UK has a rich history and is known for its iconic landmarks such as Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, and the Tower of London. The country is also renowned for its contributions to literature, with famous authors like William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and J.K. Rowling hailing from the UK.

Ireland, also known as the Republic of Ireland, is a country situated in Western Europe. English is one of the two official languages of Ireland, along with Irish Gaelic. The majority of the population in Ireland speaks English as their first language. The country is famous for its stunning landscapes, ancient castles, and vibrant cities like Dublin, Cork, and Galway. Ireland has produced many notable literary figures, including Oscar Wilde, James Joyce, and Samuel Beckett.

Australia is a country and continent located in the Southern Hemisphere. English is the primary language spoken in Australia and serves as the country’s official language. Known for its diverse wildlife and breathtaking landscapes, Australia is a popular destination for travelers. The country is home to iconic landmarks such as the Sydney Opera House, the Great Barrier Reef , and Uluru (Ayers Rock). Australian literature has also made significant contributions to the English language, with authors like Patrick White, Peter Carey, and Tim Winton receiving international recognition.

India is one of the largest English-speaking countries in Asia . With a population of over 1.3 billion people, English has become an important language in India for communication and business purposes. English is widely spoken and understood in urban areas, making it easier for tourists and expatriates to navigate the country. Additionally, English is the primary language of instruction in many schools and universities, further emphasizing its significance in Indian society.

Singapore, a vibrant city-state in Southeast Asia, is another English-speaking country in the region. English is one of the official languages in Singapore, alongside Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. Due to its colonial history and diverse population, English has become the lingua franca for communication among different ethnic groups. The widespread use of English in Singapore has contributed to its economic success and international prominence as a global business hub.

Philippines

The Philippines, located in Southeast Asia, is known for its proficiency in English. English is an official language of the Philippines, along with Filipino, which is based on Tagalog. English has played a significant role in the country’s education system, media, and government, making it one of the largest English-speaking nations in the world. Many Filipinos are bilingual, with English being their second language, enabling them to communicate effectively with people from different parts of the world.

These three countries in Asia showcase the widespread use and importance of the English language in the region. From India’s vast population to Singapore’s cosmopolitan nature and the Philippines’ bilingualism, English serves as a unifying tool for communication, education, and business across borders.

South Africa

South Africa is a diverse and vibrant country located at the southernmost tip of the African continent. With a population of over 59 million people, it is one of the most populous English-speaking countries in Africa.

English is one of the 11 official languages of South Africa, making it a widely spoken language among the diverse population. It is the primary language of business, government, and education, and is used as a lingua franca among different ethnic groups.

South Africa is renowned for its rich history, stunning landscapes, and cultural diversity. From the bustling city of Johannesburg to the iconic Table Mountain in Cape Town, there is something for everyone in this beautiful country. Visitors can explore the vibrant townships, go on thrilling wildlife safaris, or indulge in the world-class cuisine and wines.

Nigeria, located in West Africa, is the most populous country in Africa and has the largest economy on the continent. With over 200 million people, it is home to a diverse range of ethnic groups, languages, and cultures. English is the official language of Nigeria and serves as a unifying language among the various ethnic groups.

Nigeria has a rich cultural heritage and is known for its vibrant music, literature, and film industries. The country has produced internationally acclaimed authors like Chinua Achebe and Wole Soyinka, as well as globally recognized musicians such as Fela Kuti and Burna Boy.

In addition to its cultural significance, Nigeria is also a popular destination for tourists seeking natural beauty and wildlife. From the breathtaking landscapes of Yankari National Park to the bustling markets of Lagos, Nigeria offers a unique blend of history, culture, and natural wonders.

Located in East Africa, Kenya is a country known for its stunning landscapes, diverse wildlife, and vibrant culture. It is also one of the major English-speaking countries in Africa.

English is one of the official languages of Kenya and is widely spoken in urban areas, government institutions, and the tourism industry. However, Kenya is also home to numerous indigenous languages, reflecting its rich cultural heritage.

Kenya is famous for its wildlife reserves, such as the Maasai Mara National Reserve, where visitors can witness the annual wildebeest migration. The country is also home to Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, and the beautiful beaches of Mombasa.

In addition to its natural wonders, Kenya offers a unique cultural experience. Visitors can immerse themselves in Maasai traditions, explore vibrant markets, or visit historical sites like Fort Jesus in Mombasa.

Overall, Africa is home to several English-speaking countries, each offering a unique blend of culture, natural beauty, and warm hospitality. From the diverse landscapes of South Africa to the vibrant cultural scenes of Nigeria and Kenya, exploring these countries is a fascinating journey.

New Zealand

New Zealand is a stunning island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . With a population of approximately 4.9 million people, it is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, rich Maori culture, and friendly locals. As an English-speaking country, it offers a unique experience for travelers and expats alike.

English is the primary language spoken in New Zealand, making it easy for visitors to communicate and navigate their way around the country. Whether you are exploring the vibrant city of Auckland, immersing yourself in the adventure capital of Queenstown, or discovering the geothermal wonders of Rotorua, you will find a warm welcome and a shared language in every corner of New Zealand.

Apart from its natural beauty, New Zealand also boasts a strong educational system, attracting students from all over the world. With several prestigious universities and institutions, international students can pursue their higher education while enjoying the country’s unparalleled outdoor lifestyle.

Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea is a diverse and culturally rich country located in the southwestern Pacific. With over 800 different languages spoken, it is a melting pot of linguistic diversity. However, English serves as the official language, making it easier for communication and trade within the country.

This unique nation is known for its stunning landscapes, including dense rainforests, towering mountains, and pristine beaches. From trekking through the remote Highlands to exploring the vibrant underwater world in the crystal-clear waters, Papua New Guinea offers extraordinary experiences for adventure enthusiasts and nature lovers.

In addition to its natural wonders, Papua New Guinea showcases a rich cultural heritage. Traditional customs and rituals are still practiced by many indigenous tribes, providing a fascinating insight into their way of life. Visitors can witness vibrant festivals, intricate tribal art, and traditional dance performances, making it a truly immersive experience.

Fiji, a tropical paradise in the South Pacific, is renowned for its azure waters, palm-fringed beaches, and warm hospitality. English is widely spoken across the islands, making it a popular destination for travelers from English-speaking countries.

Fiji offers a range of activities for visitors to indulge in, such as snorkeling, scuba diving, and relaxing beachside getaways. With its abundant marine life and vibrant coral reefs, Fiji is a haven for underwater enthusiasts. The friendly locals, known as Fijians, are always ready to welcome visitors with their warm smiles and hospitality, adding to the overall charm of the islands.

In addition to its natural beauty, Fiji is rich in cultural heritage. Traditional Fijian customs, such as the Kava ceremony and Meke dance, are still practiced and celebrated today. Visitors can immerse themselves in the local culture by participating in these rituals or exploring the unique handmade crafts and artworks created by local artisans.

Overall, Oceania offers a diverse range of English-speaking countries, each with its own unique attractions and experiences. Whether you choose to explore the breathtaking landscapes of New Zealand, immerse yourself in the cultural diversity of Papua New Guinea, or indulge in the tropical paradise of Fiji, you are guaranteed a memorable and enriching journey.

English-speaking countries are spread across the globe, providing a common language for communication and facilitating cultural exchange. From the United States to Australia, the United Kingdom to Canada, these countries share a rich history and diverse landscapes. As English continues to be a dominant global language, the significance of these countries in international affairs and trade cannot be underestimated. Whether for travel, education, or business, the English-speaking countries offer a multitude of opportunities and experiences. Exploring the unique cultures and traditions within each country allows for a deeper understanding and appreciation of the English language and its global reach.

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• English-speaking countries

List of English-speaking countries

English is an official language of the following countries:

• Antigua and Barbuda
• Australia and territories
• The Bahamas
• Marshall Islands
• Federated States of Micronesia
• New Zealand and territories
• Papua New Guinea
• Philippines
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Saint Lucia
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Sierra Leone
• Solomon Islands
• South Africa
• South Sudan
• Trinidad and Tobago
• United Kingdom and territories
• United States

Wilson College Online Blog

How to teach english abroad.

Learning English is mandatory for students in 138 nations, according to a 2022 survey and data analysis from Preply, an online language-tutor platform. Another 40 countries offer English as an optional part of their education.

The data portal Statista reports that around 1.5 billion people around the world spoke English in 2023, making it the most widely spoken language. Additionally, the global business world widely considers its primary language to be English.

Pursuing a Master in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) degree can be a great way to build the skills and expertise needed to help people from other countries learn English. In fact, for those interested in how to teach English abroad, pursuing an education focused on teaching English to those who speak other languages is a critical step.

Benefits of Teaching English Abroad

From travel opportunities to career development, there are many benefits of teaching English abroad. Here are some of the key advantages that this type of work can provide:

Traveling the Globe

Those who teach English abroad can take advantage of travel and cultural adventures—but their career allows them to enjoy deeper experiences than the typical tourist. As teachers, these travelers have the opportunity to become a contributing part of the communities where they work.

Meeting the Demand

In 2024, the market research and management consulting firm Global Market Insights projected that the language learning market would be valued at $300 billion by 2032, up from $61.5 billion in 2023. In addition, more global businesses required English than any other language in 2023, according to translation app provider Talkao, so those who help people learn English are in particularly high demand.

Building a Career

Teaching English abroad is valuable not only to those who learn the language, but also to those who provide the instruction. The experience can help educators develop a resume that shows a strong background in teaching English to speakers of other languages. And for those interested in future opportunities outside the classroom, international experience also can help individuals stand out among other job applicants.

Making an Impact

Pursuing an education provides students with a host of benefits, from improving their confidence to bolstering their career development. For those who are learning English as a second language, their education also can lead to a number of global job opportunities. Teaching English abroad allows education professionals to make an impact on their student’s career options—and their lives.

5 Steps to Teach English Abroad

While many teaching roles have educational and certification requirements, pursuing a career teaching English abroad often includes some additional steps that are unique to employment in another country. Following are five key steps to take to prepare for this work:

1. Pursue an Education

While educational requirements vary for individuals who teach English in other countries based on factors like their location and employer, training that focuses on teaching English to speakers of other languages can be an invaluable way to learn how to provide this type of instruction.

Those interested in teaching English abroad can begin by earning a bachelor’s degree focused on education, TESOL, English as a second language (ESL), or a related field. Pursuing a master’s degree can help in further strengthening the skills needed for this career. And, while not always required, a degree program also can provide a foundation for the next step in the process: earning a certification.

2. Earn a Certification

Regardless of what credentials an employer requires, a certification shows that an individual has the ability to teach English to others. It also helps job applicants stand out from others competing for roles in this field.

There are several certifications that those who want to teach English as a second language may pursue. ESL certification, for example, often emphasizes work with English learners in locations where it’s the primary language. Teaching English as a second or foreign language (TEFL) and TESOL are two other certification examples that can be beneficial for those interested in teaching abroad. Certification generally requires earning a degree or taking certain courses and passing an exam, and applicants often must pay a fee to apply.

3. Apply for Jobs

The next step for those who want to teach English abroad is to apply for positions. Several options are available for seeking these roles, including the following:

Searching for positions independently, through online sources such as social media and job boards or through personal contacts

Working with a professional recruiter, who works with schools in other countries to fill positions for English teachers

Participating in teach-abroad programs, which typically work on behalf of the nation’s education department or a private organization to help connect job seekers with open positions

4. Obtain a Visa

A typical requirement for those who want to move to a foreign country to work is obtaining a visa. While the type of visa required varies according to factors such as the job’s location and the teacher’s citizenship status, the process for qualifying for this type of permit generally includes providing required documentation and paying a fee.

5. Establish a Home

After being accepted for a job teaching English abroad and securing a visa, the last step is moving to the area where the job is located. The process of setting up a home abroad includes considerations such as:

Finding housing

Establishing a bank account

Securing insurance

Key Skills for Teaching English to Non-English Speakers

The education and training that best helps those who aspire to teach English abroad covers education concepts, teaching practices, and resources for teachers . This preparation should help aspiring teachers sharpen the skills that are important for success in this type of work, including the following:

Ability to effectively teach English to those for whom it is not their primary language

Adaptability to local customs, teaching practices, and interpersonal dynamics

Sensitivity to different cultures and traditions, to foster inclusivity

Mastery of classroom management, to establish routines and encourage learning

Continuous learning about teaching strategies and their use in teaching abroad

Make a Difference in the World Teaching English Abroad

If you’re interested in not only expanding your mastery of teaching English to non-English speakers but also working to make a difference in the world, explore the Wilson College Online Master in TESOL degree program.

The program emphasizes teaching English for success in the classroom and beyond, helping educators master the knowledge and skills they need to teach students abroad how to read, listen, speak, and write in English. It provides this valuable instruction in a flexible online format that allows aspiring teachers to manage their other commitments while pursuing their degree.

Discover how the Wilson College Online Master in TESOL can help you achieve your career goals.

Recommended Readings

ESL Teaching Requirements: Do You Have to Be Bilingual?

How esl technology can benefit students and teachers.

What Is a Master in TESOL?

Forbes, “Education Is Still Important for Your Career: 5 Compelling Benefits”

Global Market Insights, Language Learning Market Size, 2024-2032

Indeed, “How to Earn an ESL Certification in 5 Steps (Plus Tips)”

Preply, “English Language Statistics: How Many People Speak English Worldwide?”

Reach & Teach, “10 Essential Qualifications and Skills for Teaching Abroad”

Rosetta Stone, “9 Top Languages to Learn for International Business”

Statista, The Most-Spoken Languages Worldwide in 2023

Talkao, “The Most-Required Languages to Work in 2023”

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2023 Edition

The world’s largest ranking of countries and regions by English skills

Based on test results of 2.2m adults in 113 countries & regions.

This year's number 1

EF EPI 2023

Download the report

PDF (11.05MB)

Global Ranking of Countries and Regions 2023

Very high proficiency

• 1 Netherlands (647)
• 2 Singapore (631)
• 3 Austria (616)
• 4 Denmark (615)
• 5 Norway (614)
• 6 Sweden (609)
• 7 Belgium (608)
• 8 Portugal (607)
• 9 South Africa (605)
• 10 Germany (604)
• 11 Croatia (603)
• 12 Greece (602)

High proficiency

• 13 Poland (598)
• 14 Finland (597)
• 15 Romania (596)
• 16 Bulgaria (589)
• 17 Hungary (588)
• 18 Slovakia (587)
• 19 Kenya (584)
• 20 Philippines (578)
• 21 Lithuania (576)
• 22 Luxembourg (575)
• 23 Estonia (570)
• 24 Serbia (569)
• 25 Malaysia (568)
• 26 Czech Republic (565)
• 27 Nigeria (562)
• 28 Argentina (560)
• 29 Hong Kong, China (558)
• 30 Switzerland (553)

Moderate proficiency

• 31 Honduras (544)
• 32 Georgia (541)
• 33 Belarus (539)
• 34 Ghana (537)
• 35 Spain (535)
• 35 Italy (535)
• 35 Moldova (535)
• 38 Costa Rica (534)
• 39 Albania (533)
• 39 Uruguay (533)
• 41 Bolivia (532)
• 41 Russia (532)
• 43 Cuba (531)
• 43 France (531)
• 45 Ukraine (530)
• 45 Paraguay (530)
• 47 Uganda (529)
• 48 Armenia (528)
• 49 South Korea (525)
• 50 El Salvador (524)
• 51 Peru (521)
• 52 Chile (518)
• 53 Guatemala (515)
• 54 Israel (514)
• 55 Dominican Republic (512)
• 56 Venezuela (508)
• 57 Nepal (507)
• 58 Iran (505)
• 58 Vietnam (505)
• 60 Bangladesh (504)
• 60 India (504)
• 62 Nicaragua (503)
• 63 Tunisia (502)

Low Proficiency

• 64 Pakistan (497)
• 65 Lebanon (496)
• 66 Turkey (493)
• 67 Sri Lanka (491)
• 67 Tanzania (491)
• 69 Ethiopia (490)
• 70 Brazil (487)
• 71 U.A.E. (486)
• 71 Panama (486)
• 73 Mongolia (482)
• 73 Qatar (482)
• 75 Colombia (480)
• 76 Morocco (478)
• 77 Algeria (475)
• 78 Madagascar (474)
• 79 Indonesia (473)
• 80 Ecuador (467)
• 80 Syria (467)
• 82 China (464)
• 83 Azerbaijan (463)
• 83 Egypt (463)
• 85 Kuwait (461)
• 86 Malawi (460)
• 87 Japan (457)
• 88 Afghanistan (456)
• 89 Mexico (451)
• 90 Myanmar (450)
• 90 Kyrgyzstan (450)

Very low proficiency

• 92 Palestine (445)
• 93 Uzbekistan (442)
• 94 Cameroon (438)
• 94 Senegal (438)
• 96 Jordan (431)
• 97 Sudan (430)
• 98 Cambodia (421)
• 98 Haiti (421)
• 100 Oman (418)
• 101 Angola (416)
• 101 Thailand (416)
• 101 Benin (416)
• 104 Kazakhstan (415)
• 105 Somalia (411)
• 106 Iraq (410)
• 107 Côte d'Ivoire (409)
• 108 Saudi Arabia (408)
• 109 Rwanda (405)
• 110 Libya (392)
• 110 Yemen (392)
• 112 Tajikistan (388)
• 113 Democratic Republic of Congo (385)

Country/region

Global age trends, global gender trends, regional trends, ef epi featured in, test your english for free now.

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UK recruitment falters as Asian students enrol closer to home

Uk advised to invest in transnational education as more east asian students opt to study in nearby countries.

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The number of students enrolling in British universities from parts of Asia is declining as more choose to study closer to home, according to a new report from the British Council.

Researchers found that between 2013 and 2020, the mobility of students within east Asia grew faster than that of students from the region to major English-speaking destination countries. 

Now, nations including Indonesia, Japan, South Korea and Thailand send more students to China than to any English-speaking destinations, as Asian  countries continue to invest in attracting international students . 

The British Council report, published on 13 August, warns that this trend could “depress” demand for UK education. 

A significant shift in mobility from the region emerged around eight years ago, when the number of students from Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand enrolled in British institutions began to decline. 

While the global growth in outbound mobility from east Asia accelerated in the latter half of the 2010s, between 2015 and 2019, UK enrolments from South-east Asia began to fall.  

The number of students from north-east Asia, excluding China, has also “plateaued” since 2015, as students increasingly choose to study in non-English-speaking destinations. 

While overall outbound mobility from east Asia to the UK did grow during this period, this was largely driven by a “meteoric” rise from China, the report says. 

Researchers attribute this shift in part to new education policies in many east Asian countries focused on developing higher education hubs, internationalising universities and offering scholarships to entice international students.

Many governments in the region have set  ambitious international student targets  in recent years, with mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and Hong Kong emerging as the top host regions. 

East Asian countries also benefit from competitive fees and a lower cost of living than traditional English-speaking destinations, researchers say. 

“Continued investment” in east Asia is key to upholding the UK’s reputation in the region, they advise. 

“While the growth in intra-regional mobility in east Asia could depress student mobility to the UK, the UK stands to benefit from increased demand for transnational education in the region,” authors of the report write. 

“New and innovative partnerships could attract these students to the UK part way through their studies or in the next phase of their studies, complementing their education in the region and contributing to the formation of truly global citizens.”

Jazreel Goh, Malaysia director at the British Council, said the study showed “there is work to be done to uphold UK higher education’s position as a preferred destination for east Asia students”. 

Charley Robinson, head of global mobility policy at Universities UK International, added: “Whilst the UK and other English-speaking destinations remain popular among South-east Asian students and families, this report details the growing interest in regional alternatives, and signals the need to clearly demonstrate the quality, diversity and strong return on investment of a UK education, as well as ensuring a safe and welcoming environment for all international students. As a leader in transnational education, the UK has an opportunity to harness some demand for regional study through our high quality and innovative TNE partnerships.”

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2023 Edition

The world’s largest ranking of countries and regions by English skills

Based on test results of 2.2m adults in 113 countries & regions.

This year's number 1

EF EPI 2023

Download the report

PDF (10.8 MB)

Global Ranking of Countries and Regions 2023

Very high proficiency

• 1 Netherlands (647)
• 2 Singapore (631)
• 3 Austria (616)
• 4 Denmark (615)
• 5 Norway (614)
• 6 Sweden (609)
• 7 Belgium (608)
• 8 Portugal (607)
• 9 South Africa (605)
• 10 Germany (604)
• 11 Croatia (603)
• 12 Greece (602)

High proficiency

• 13 Poland (598)
• 14 Finland (597)
• 15 Romania (596)
• 16 Bulgaria (589)
• 17 Hungary (588)
• 18 Slovakia (587)
• 19 Kenya (584)
• 20 Philippines (578)
• 21 Lithuania (576)
• 22 Luxembourg (575)
• 23 Estonia (570)
• 24 Serbia (569)
• 25 Malaysia (568)
• 26 Czech Republic (565)
• 27 Nigeria (562)
• 28 Argentina (560)
• 29 Hong Kong, China (558)
• 30 Switzerland (553)

Moderate proficiency

• 31 Honduras (544)
• 32 Georgia (541)
• 33 Belarus (539)
• 34 Ghana (537)
• 35 Spain (535)
• 35 Italy (535)
• 35 Moldova (535)
• 38 Costa Rica (534)
• 39 Albania (533)
• 39 Uruguay (533)
• 41 Bolivia (532)
• 41 Russia (532)
• 43 Cuba (531)
• 43 France (531)
• 45 Ukraine (530)
• 45 Paraguay (530)
• 47 Uganda (529)
• 48 Armenia (528)
• 49 South Korea (525)
• 50 El Salvador (524)
• 51 Peru (521)
• 52 Chile (518)
• 53 Guatemala (515)
• 54 Israel (514)
• 55 Dominican Republic (512)
• 56 Venezuela (508)
• 57 Nepal (507)
• 58 Iran (505)
• 58 Vietnam (505)
• 60 Bangladesh (504)
• 60 India (504)
• 62 Nicaragua (503)
• 63 Tunisia (502)

Low Proficiency

• 64 Pakistan (497)
• 65 Lebanon (496)
• 66 Turkey (493)
• 67 Sri Lanka (491)
• 67 Tanzania (491)
• 69 Ethiopia (490)
• 70 Brazil (487)
• 71 U.A.E. (486)
• 71 Panama (486)
• 73 Mongolia (482)
• 73 Qatar (482)
• 75 Colombia (480)
• 76 Morocco (478)
• 77 Algeria (475)
• 78 Madagascar (474)
• 79 Indonesia (473)
• 80 Ecuador (467)
• 80 Syria (467)
• 82 China (464)
• 83 Azerbaijan (463)
• 83 Egypt (463)
• 85 Kuwait (461)
• 86 Malawi (460)
• 87 Japan (457)
• 88 Afghanistan (456)
• 89 Mexico (451)
• 90 Myanmar (450)
• 90 Kyrgyzstan (450)

Very low proficiency

• 92 Palestine (445)
• 93 Uzbekistan (442)
• 94 Cameroon (438)
• 94 Senegal (438)
• 96 Jordan (431)
• 97 Sudan (430)
• 98 Cambodia (421)
• 98 Haiti (421)
• 100 Oman (418)
• 101 Angola (416)
• 101 Thailand (416)
• 101 Benin (416)
• 104 Kazakhstan (415)
• 105 Somalia (411)
• 106 Iraq (410)
• 107 Côte d'Ivoire (409)
• 108 Saudi Arabia (408)
• 109 Rwanda (405)
• 110 Libya (392)
• 110 Yemen (392)
• 112 Tajikistan (388)
• 113 Democratic Republic of Congo (385)

Country/region

Global age trends, global gender trends, regional trends, ef epi featured in, test your english for free now.

Take the EF Standard English Test and get an accurate assessment of your English level from home

Ethiopia Population 2024 (Live)

Ethiopia ’s current population is about 115 million and is expected to surpass 200 million by the end of 2049. Ethiopia’s population is growing about 2.7% annually with no projected peak year or period of decline.

The birth rate in Ethiopia is 36 births per 1,000 people. The fertility rate is 4.1 births per woman. Religion plays a major role in Ethiopia’s high birth rate, as well as the lack of contraceptives.

The disproportionate population increase has hindered the economy’s ability to grow and develop at a more rapid pace due to the increased need for more resources. Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world due to its rapid population upsurge.

Ethiopia Population Growth

Ethiopia is a nation that has been beset by hunger and poverty for most of its long history. A land where child starvation and subsequent death have been prevalent for such a long time requires assistance from the more privileged and prosperous nations of the world. It is the responsibility of all members of the peaceful international community to step in with more rigor and determination to empower the Ethiopians. This population has proven to be one of the strongest on the face of the earth, having endured massive hardships. If it is given a little assistance, Ethiopia will be able to build on the strength of its inhabitants in order to increase the strength of the nation itself.

Ethiopia Population Projections

Ethiopia is currently one of the fastest growing countries in the world, with a growth rate of 3.02% per year. If Ethiopia follows its current rate of growth, its population will double in the next 30 years, hitting 210 million by 2060. Most of the world's population growth in the next 40-50 years is expected to come from Africa , and Ethiopia will be a large part of the growth.

Ethiopia Growth Rate

Ethiopia population clock.

Net increase of 1 person every 9 seconds

Population estimates based on interpolation of data from World Population Prospects

Components of Population Change

Ethiopia Population Density Map

Ethiopia Area and Population Density

The surface area in Ethiopia is currently at 1,104,300 km² (or 426,372.6137 miles square). Ethiopia has a population density of 83 people per square mile (214/square mile), which ranks 123rd in the world.

Largest Cities in Ethiopia

The largest city and capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa , or Addis Abeba, which has an estimated population of 3.6 million in the city proper and a metro population of more than 4.6 million. Being as old as two millenniums, its cultures and traditions hold family as a significant part of Ethiopian life, sometimes even surpassing the significance their careers or businesses might have.

Other major cities include Adama (324,000), Gondar (324,000), Mek'ele (324,000), and Hawassa (302,000).

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Ethiopia Population by Year (Historical)

Ethiopia Population by Year (Projections)

Ethiopia population pyramid 2024, ethiopia median age, ethiopia population by age.

There are people over age 18 in Ethiopia .

Census Years

Ethiopia Population Pyramid

With one of the highest poverty levels in the world, Ethiopia is considered by many to be one of the most under-developed nations in the world. But within its African boundaries lies a nation filled with a rich culture and heritage. Bordered by Kenya , South Sudan , Sudan , Djibouti , Eritrea , and Somalia .

Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the continent of Africa and the second-most populous country of Africa after Nigeria . This estimate of how many people live in Ethiopia is based on the most recent United Nations projections, and makes Ethiopia the 14th most populous country in the world. The most recent census in 2007 found an official population of 73.7 million.

Ethiopia Demographics

Ethiopia is home to various ethnicities, predominantly the Oromo at 34.4% of the country's population and the Amhara, who account for 27% of the population. Other major ethnic groups include the Somali (6.2%), Tigray (6.1%), Sidama (4%), Gurage (2.5%), Welayta (2.3%), Afar (1.7%), Hadiya (1.7%), and Gamo (1.5%).

In 2009, Ethiopia had an estimated 135,000 asylum seekers and refugees, mostly from Somalia (64,000), Eritrea (42,000) and Sudan (23,000). The government requires refugees to live in designated refugee camps. According to a 2013 report, the number of refugees hosted by Ethiopia has grown to 680,000.

Ethiopia Religion, Economy and Politics

Ethiopia has close ties with all three major Abrahamic religions, and it was the first in the region to officially adopt Christianity in the 4th century. Christians account for 63% of the country's population, with 44% belonging to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Ethiopia has the first Hijra in Islamic history and the oldest Muslim settlement on the continent. Muslims account for 34% of the population.

Despite its wealth in culture, Ethiopia, unfortunately, does not suffer the same fate economically. With a significantly agriculture-based economy, it is not surprising that in today's technologically thriving world, Ethiopia has one of the lowest incomes per capita. Its reliance on domestic investment restricts foreign investment, which could otherwise account for a comparatively successful economy. However, improvement in agricultural practices has shown a decrease in the level of starvation that the country had been previously accustomed to. The GDP is also increasing, showing a 7% increase in 2014. The composition of the labor force is almost 40%, accounting for another step toward progress. However, only if the conditions of the average Ethiopian get better will the country be able to witness a better tomorrow.

The median age in Ethiopia is approximately 17.9 years of age. 60% of the population in Ethiopia is under the age of 25.

In terms of access to clean drinking water and sanitation, the numbers are still quite grim in this country. According to the World Factbook, only 57% of the country has improved access to clean drinking water, while 42% still struggle to find clean water. Only 28% of the population has access to improved sanitation services, while 72% struggle to maintain sanitation. This likely contributes greatly to the very high degree of risk with transmittable diseases and illnesses in the area.

Only 49% of the population over 15 years of age is literate and many children only attend school for 8 or 9 years.

Ethiopia Population History

The conditions of poverty entail deterioration in health for many of Ethiopia's inhabitants. The most common diseases that cause mortality among many Ethiopians are AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and various communicable diseases that occur due to improper sanitation and malnutrition. Most women give birth to children outside of the vicinity of hospitals. Often the mothers are only attended to by an elderly midwife. The mortality rate of mothers while giving birth is high. Various organizations, governmental and non-governmental, seek to improve the deplorable health conditions in Ethiopia. The World Health Organization is working to initiate a healthy Ethiopia. Low literacy levels also support the inferior health conditions. Therefore, it is important to provide the Ethiopians with adequate knowledge regarding common diseases and their appropriate medication and cure. The empowerment of women could also help achieve improvements in the circumstances pertaining to the well-being of Ethiopians.

• National Bank of Ethiopia
• World Population Prospects (2024 Revision) - United Nations population estimates and projections.