what is a synonym for according to in a thesis

Instantly enhance your writing in real-time while you type. With LanguageTool

Get started for free

“According To”: Phrases You Can Use Instead

“According to” is a useful phrase, but be careful not to overuse it in your writing. Below, you’ll find 11 other ways to say “according to.”

Find according to synonyms and examples here.

Quick Summary on “According To”

According to is a preposition used to state what someone else has said. It also means “agreeing with, following, or depending on something else.”

According to the weather forecast, it’ll be snowing all day tomorrow.
We’re doing everything according to plan.

What Does “According To” Mean?

According to is a phrase that has a few different uses. It means “in conformity with” and also “depending on.” But it’s also commonly used when writers need to credit a quote, fact, statement, data, or any other source of information to someone (or something) else.

This phrase can be found at the beginning or towards the end of sentences.

According to the results of the study, there is an increase in resistance to antibiotics.

There is an increase in resistance to antibiotics, according to the results of the study.

If you’re writing a college essay or any other type of text that relies heavily on other sources, you may find yourself repeating this phrase too often. To vary vocabulary within your writing, you can use the following according to synonyms.

You can ensure you're using these and other phrases correctly with our Grammar Check tool.

11 “According To” Synonyms

Before we go over other ways to say according to , it’s worth mentioning that an excellent alternative is to simply rewrite the text to be more direct. Here’s an example:

According to Dr. Joseph, the fracture will not heal properly if Jacob doesn’t get enough rest. ↓ Dr. Joseph warned that the fracture will not heal properly if Jacob doesn’t get enough rest.

But if you’re in need of other ways to say according to, you can check out the examples below or try our Paraphrase Tool .

1. As stated in/by

According to the contract, both parties will split the profit. ↓ As stated in the contract, both parties will split the profit.

According to the lawyers, both parties will split the profit. ↓ As stated by the lawyers, both parties will split the profit.

2. As explained by

According to the professor, the first two years of college are crucial. ↓ As explained by the professor, the first two years of college are crucial.

3. Based on

According to the data, there has been a decrease in the gazelle’s natural habitat. ↓ Based on the data, there has been a decrease in the gazelle’s natural habitat.

There was nothing to report, according to the student who witnessed the incident. ↓ There was nothing to report, per the student who witnessed the incident.

5. As mentioned in/by

According to the Little Town Times, the holiday parade will take place this upcoming Sunday. ↓ As mentioned in Little Town Times, the holiday parade will take place this upcoming Sunday.

According to Claire Luna, the holiday parade will take place this upcoming Sunday. ↓ As mentioned by Claire Luna, the holiday party will take place this upcoming Sunday.

6. As indicated in/by

According to the trial, the side effects are minimal. ↓ As indicated in the study, the side effects are minimal.

According to the lead scientist, the benefits far outweigh the risk. ↓ As indicated by the lead scientist, the benefits far outweigh the risk.

7. From the point of view of

According to my younger cousins, Christmas is the best holiday. ↓ From the point of view of my younger cousins, Christmas is the best holiday.

8. On the authority of

According to Sergeant Culpepper, the entire team has to stay overnight. ↓ On the authority of Sergeant Culpepper, the entire team has to stay overnight.

9. Pursuant to

The proposal has been submitted according to the instructions. ↓ The proposal has been submitted pursuant to the instructions.

10. As demonstrated by

According to the presentation, remodeling is crucial for the foundation. ↓ As demonstrated by the presentation, remodeling is crucial for the foundation.

11. As maintained by

According to fitness experts, a healthy and wholesome diet is just as important as exercise. ↓ As maintained by fitness experts, a healthy and wholesome diet is just as important as exercise.

Need other ways to say according to? Use these!

According to the Rest, LanguageTool Is the Best

Seeking other ways to say according to is a great way to make sure your writing is effective. After all, a strong and varied vocabulary is one of the pillars of successful writing.

You’ll also want to ensure that your grammar and punctuation are error-free. LanguageTool—a multilingual text editor— can help with this. LanguageTool can correct different types of mistakes, but it can also offer stylistic improvements and help rephrase your sentences to be more formal, fluent, or concise. Start writing flawlessly today !

Unleash the Professional Writer in You With LanguageTool

Go well beyond grammar and spell checking. Impress with clear, precise, and stylistically flawless writing instead.

Works on All Your Favorite Services

Thunderbird
Google Docs
Microsoft Word
Open Office
Libre Office

We Value Your Feedback

We’ve made a mistake, forgotten about an important detail, or haven’t managed to get the point across? Let’s help each other to perfect our writing.

133 According to Synonyms with Examples | Another Word for “According to”

When we need to acknowledge a source or attribute information in our writing, “according to” is a phrase we reach for instinctively. We can enhance the readability of our text and keep our writing fresh by incorporating synonyms for “according to.” These alternatives serve the same purpose, which is to credit a source of information, but they do so in different ways that can align more closely with the context of our message.

According to Synonyms

ACCORDING TO Synonym: List of 15 Synonyms for According to in English

What Is “According to”?

“According to” is a common English phrase used to convey that something aligns with what someone has said, written, or presented as factual. It’s often used to reference a source of information or to defer to an authority on a subject.

List of Synonyms for According to

As stated by
As reported by
As claimed by
As mentioned by
As cited by
As noted by
As indicated by
As outlined by
As expressed by
In accordance with
In the opinion of
Conforming to
In line with
Consistent with
On the authority of
On the testimony of
On the word of
In the view of
As believed by
As described by
As detailed by
As divulged by
As explained by
As revealed by
As suggested by
As recounted by
As affirmed by
As declared by
As presented by
As shown by
As evidenced by
As observed by
As recorded by
As documented by
As given by
As provided by
As specified by
As set forth by
As laid out by
As articulated by
As pointed out by
As alluded to by
As referenced by
As spoken of by
As averred by
As avouched by
As attested by
As certified by
As corroborated by
As vouched for by
As maintained by
As contended by
As upheld by
As argued by
As advanced by
As proposed by
As submitted by
As imparted by
As conveyed by
As narrated by
As communicated by
As informed by
As broadcast by
As relayed by
As reported in
As published in
As written in
As found in
As inscribed in
As chronicled in
As registered in
As enunciated in
As dictated by
As prescribed by
As directed by
As commanded by
As ordered by
Under the guidance of
With reference to
In relation to
In terms of
From the perspective of
Through the lens of
In the context of
In the words of
Paraphrasing
Following the argument of
Adhering to the claims of
In agreement with
Aligned with
Correlating with
Matching the description of
Coinciding with
In concert with
In the estimation of
According to the findings of
As synthesized by
As interpreted by
As concluded by
In the judgment of
Per the analysis of
As summarized by
As encapsulated by
As epitomized by
As exemplified by
In the tradition of
In the manner of
In the style of
In the spirit of
In the footsteps of
Modeled after
In the sense of
In the fashion of
Following the philosophy of
Under the premise of
From the standpoint of
From the angle of
From the viewpoint of
From the position of
From the side of
From the approach of
In the logic of
In the rationale of
From the reasoning of

Types of Synonyms for According to

Formal alternatives.

In conformity with

Informal Alternatives

Synonyms reflecting reporting.

As announced by

Synonyms Indicating Agreement

Common synonyms for according to, according to vs. in accordance with.

“ In accordance with ” implies compliance with rules or specifications, whereas “ according to ” often refers to someone’s point of view or a source of information.

“ According to our teacher, we must read the next chapter before the upcoming class.”
“The ceremony proceeded in accordance with the established traditions of the school.”

According to vs. Based on

“ Based on ” is used when referring to something that is a foundation or starting point for further reasoning or action, while “ according to ” suggests a source of information or authority.

“ Based on the latest research, we are revising our hypothesis.”
“ According to the manual, we need to restart the device to complete the update.”

According to vs. Following

“ Following ” can convey a more temporal or sequential relationship, showing that something comes after something else, often as a result or consequence, which is a different nuance than the source attribution given by “ according to “.

“ Following our lunch break, we headed out to explore the ancient ruins.”
“ According to the nutritionist , a balanced diet should include a variety of fruits and vegetables.”

According to vs. As reported by

“ As reported by ” emphasizes that the information provided comes from a reporting entity, which could be a person or an organization. It’s similar to “ according to ” but can imply an intermediary conveying the message.

“ As reported by local news, an eyewitness claimed the vehicle involved in the incident sped away.”
“ According to the CEO, the company will expand into three new markets by the end of the year.”

“According to” Synonym Usage in Formal Writing

In our examination of written communication, we underscore the significance of selecting proper synonyms for phrases such as “according to” in formal writing, particularly within an academic context.

Relevance to Clarity and Precision

We recognize that choosing the right synonyms in formal writing augments clarity and precision. Our language must delineate concepts with the accuracy expected in scholarly work. For example:

In lieu of “according to” : Use “as stated by” when referring to a source’s specific claim.
Instead of “according to” : Opt for “based on” to indicate the foundation of an assertion.

Each synonym serves a distinct purpose and should align closely with the original intent of the cited information.

Impact on Tone and Style

The tone we convey through our academic writing reflects our scholarly rigor and adherence to the formal style. Therefore, it is imperative to select synonyms that maintain the formality and seriousness of our discourse. For instance:

To suggest agreement with a theory or opinion, “in concurrence with” might be appropriate.
To illustrate compliance with guidelines, “in accordance with” appropriately conveys adherence to stipulated rules.

Through meticulous selection of language, we foster an authoritative and respectful tone, ensuring our academic contributions are received with the weight they deserve.

Synonyms for According to in Different Contexts

In academic writing.

When we’re striving for formality in our term papers or scholarly articles, we can use phrases with a certain gravitas.

As stated by : Our thesis aligns with the principles as stated by the leading researchers in the field.
In accordance with : The results appear in accordance with the theory proposed last year.

In Business Correspondence

In a business setting, it’s about clarity.

Pursuant to : Pursuant to your request, we have updated the contract details.
As per : As per the meeting minutes, the next phase of development starts Monday.

In Casual Writing

Our blogs or casual correspondences have room for less formal alternatives.

As reported by : It was warmer today, as reported by the local weather station.
Based on : Based on what I’ve read, that smartphone is a great value for the money.

In Reporting

Journalism needs to convey information credibly and concisely.

As per : As per the police commissioner, the area will remain closed until further notice.
In line with : The new policy is in line with the government’s commitment to reduce emissions.

Absolute and Near Synonyms of According to

Absolute synonyms for according to.

Synonym	Meaning
As stated by	Refers to what has been specifically said by a person
As reported by	Relates to the account or description given by a source
In accordance with	Signifies something that agrees with or is according to a source
Per	Indicates something that is as per the statements of a source

Near Synonyms for According to

Synonym	Meaning
Based on	Indicates something that uses another thing as its foundation
In line with	Denotes agreement or consistency with a source
Pursuant to	Implies being in conformity with or in response to something
As per	Suggests agreement or action according to a source

Synonyms for According to with Examples | Infographic

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some alternative phrases to ‘according to’ when referencing text?

In referencing text, we can use “based on,” “as per,” or “on the authority of” as alternatives to “according to.” These phrases serve to attribute information or views to a particular source in a similar manner.

Can you suggest a different expression for ‘as stated by’ in formal writing?

We might opt for “as reported by” or “in the words of” when we seek a formal tone to replace “as stated by.” These expressions preserve the original source’s authority and convey respect for the cited material.

What substitutes are available for ‘in accordance with’ that convey the same meaning?

When we aim to convey agreement or compliance with a source, we can use “in agreement with,” “conforming to,” or “in alignment with” instead of “in accordance with.”

How can I rephrase ‘according to this book’ in an academic or literary context?

We can say “as this book illustrates” or “this book suggests” to rephrase “according to this book.” These synonyms maintain the formal tone appropriate for academic or literary contexts.

Could you list synonyms that have a similar meaning to ‘per’ in regards to statements?

In contexts where we might use ‘per,’ alternatives like “as prescribed by” or “in line with” can be employed. These synonyms effectively indicate that a statement or idea is sourced from another authority.

What variations can we use for ‘according to the fact’ to enrich our writing style?

We can enrich our writing by using variations such as “based on the fact” or “in light of the fact” instead of the more common “according to the fact.” These phrases can provide a nuanced approach to presenting factual information.

Improve your writing with the help of AI writing assistants!

What Synonyms Can Replace ‘According to’ in a Thesis?

The phrase ‘according to’ is commonly utilized when we need to reference or attribute ideas, facts or opinions in writing. It plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of academic and professional writing. However, repetitive utilization of this phrase may detract from the originality and readability of your writing.

This guide provides an extensive list of alternatives or synonyms for ‘according to’, enhancing the diversity in your expressions.

Synonyms for ‘According to’

There are numerous synonyms or alternative phrases that can be effectively substituted for ‘according to’. Some of these include:

‘As stated by’
‘As reported by’
‘In accordance with’
‘In line with’
‘Conforming to’
‘In consonance with’
‘Just as’
‘Pursuant to’

The appropriate alternative to ‘according to’ largely depends on the context of your writing.

Using Synonyms in Different Contexts

The nuances of language become particularly important in different contexts. For instance, in academic writing, formal synonyms are suitable. Phrases like ‘as per’ or ‘in agreement with’ can serve as alternatives.

In a business setting characterized by clear communication, synonyms like ‘as reported by’ or ‘based on’ could be more fitting. For informal writing or blogging, ‘as said by’ or similar expressions add a touch of casualness. In journalism, the need for brevity and clarity makes ‘as per’ or ‘stated in’ good alternatives.

Adding Nuance with Near Synonyms

For more nuanced writing, near synonyms for ‘according to’ can be employed. They help in conveying slight differences in meanings and relationships. Examples include:

‘As shown by’
‘As detailed by’
‘As evidenced by’

Near synonyms not only help in avoiding repetition but bring a level of detail and intricacy to your writing.

Conclusions

Enhancing your writing skill and expression range is an ongoing endeavor. Employing synonyms for common phrases such as ‘according to’, not only diversifies your writing but also makes it more engaging and appealing. It’s essential to remember that the context of your writing can significantly influence the choice of synonym. Always strive for clarity of expression and adapt the language to suit the nature of your text for the most effective communication. Happy writing!

Standing Out: How Do I Make My Romance Novel Unique?

12 Other Ways to Say “According to”

When it comes to communication in writing professional emails or even casual conversations the phrase “according to” is commonly used. It helps reference people’s ideas cite sources or introduce a viewpoint.

In this article, we will delve into alternatives to “according to” that you can utilize in situations to enhance the effectiveness and precision of your writing and speech. Let’s expand your repertoire of tools!

Table of Contents

Alternatives to “According to “

1. as stated by.

Example: “ As stated by the author, the experiment yielded significant results.”

Meaning: This phrase is a respectful nod to the original source of the information or opinion. It indicates that you are not claiming the idea as your own but rather acknowledging the person who originally expressed it. It’s an acknowledgment of the source’s authority and credibility.

Usage: Ideal for formal writing where you’re citing another person’s work or statement.

Example: “ As per the guidelines, all members must attend the meeting.”

Meaning: This phrase carries a weight of officiality and formality. It’s often used to refer to guidelines, rules, or established facts and implies adherence to these standards. It’s as if the subsequent information is under the umbrella of the authority mentioned.

Usage: Common in business and legal documents to refer to specific guidelines or authoritative sources.

3. In the opinion of

Example: “ In the opinion of the expert, this method is outdated.”

Meaning: This expression emphasizes the subjective nature of the information following it. It’s a reminder that what’s being presented is not an undeniable fact but rather a perspective or interpretation held by an individual or group.

Usage: Best used when emphasizing the subjective nature of the statement.

4. Based on

Example: “ Based on the data, we can conclude that the treatment was effective.”

Meaning: This phrase signifies a foundation of evidence or information. It implies that there is a solid base of facts, research, or findings that the subsequent statement is built upon. It’s commonly used when the speaker wants to underline the reliability of the source material.

Usage: Suitable for academic writing and professional reports where you’re building upon or analyzing existing information.

5. As reported by

Example: “ As reported by the news agency, the event was a huge success.”

Meaning: Often used when referring to information gathered from secondary sources, especially in journalism or research. It implies that the speaker is not the original observer but is relaying information obtained from a source deemed reliable.

Usage: Ideal for referencing reports, articles, or broadcasts.

6. In accordance with

Example: “The decisions were made in accordance with company policy.”

Meaning: This phrase suggests a harmonious agreement or compliance with certain rules, regulations, or wishes. It’s often used in contexts where precision and adherence to specific guidelines or expectations are paramount.

Usage: Common in legal, policy, and procedural documents.

7. Per the findings of

Example: “ Per the findings of the recent study, a healthy diet is directly linked to increased longevity.”

Meaning: This phrase underscores that the information presented is not mere speculation but is backed by researched and documented studies or experiments. It conveys a sense of scientific rigor and empirical support.

Usage: Commonly used in academic and research settings to refer to specific discoveries or conclusions.

8. As evidenced by

Example: “ As evidenced by the increase in sales, the new marketing strategy is effective.”

Meaning: It’s a way of pointing to tangible, often observable proof that reinforces the claim being made. This phrase lends credence to your statement by connecting it directly to demonstrable facts or occurrences.

Usage: Useful when you want to highlight evidence supporting your argument or viewpoint.

9. In line with

Example: “ In line with the committee’s recommendations, we will be changing our policy.”

Meaning: This expression suggests a harmonious alignment with established ideas, rules, or patterns. It’s often used to show that new findings or suggestions are not random but are supported by a pre-existing framework or consensus.

Usage: Ideal for demonstrating that one set of ideas or results aligns with another.

10. As delineated by

Example: “ As delineated by the contract, the tenant is responsible for all repairs.”

Meaning: It emphasizes the clarity and explicitness with which something has been described or laid out by a particular source. It suggests that the source has provided a detailed, clear framework or guideline that is being followed or referenced.

Usage: Best used in contexts where precision and detail are important.

11. Following the argument of

Example: “ Following the argument of the philosopher, one can conclude that ethics and morality are subjective.”

Meaning: This phrase indicates a logical continuation from someone else’s line of reasoning. It suggests that your point is not in isolation but is part of a larger, ongoing discourse or analysis set forth by another.

Usage: Suitable for academic discussions or debates where you’re building upon someone’s theory or argument.

12. As concurred by

Example: “ As concurred by all the experts, early intervention is key to successful treatment.”

Meaning: It emphasizes a collective agreement or shared conclusion among various parties. It’s particularly effective when you want to showcase widespread consensus or endorsement from multiple reputable sources.

Usage: Useful when you want to emphasize that multiple sources share the same viewpoint or findings.

12 Other Ways to Say According to Inforgraphic

The phrase “according to” is a preposition that has been a part of the English language since the 14th century. Its etymology traces back to Middle English, originating from the phrase “acordyng to,” which combines “acordyng” (meaning agreeing, from ‘accorden’ to accord) with “to.”

The phrase is used in various contexts, including conformity, as stated or attested by, and depending on.

It’s a versatile term widely used to attribute information or opinion to a specific source, often indicating agreement or compliance with a particular set of rules or standards . For more information, visit Merriam-Webster .

It indicates that the information or viewpoint presented is based on or aligns with another source.
“In accordance with” and “as delineated by” are considered more formal.
“In line with” or “based on” can be used more informally.
It’s commonly placed at the beginning or in the middle, depending on the sentence structure.
Yes, usually it’s followed by a comma when it introduces a phrase mid-sentence.

17 Other Ways to Say “Thank You for Your Interest”
18 Other Ways to Say “Thank You for Your Patience…
16 Other Ways to Say "I Would Love To"
12 Other Ways to Say "You Can Do It"
16 Other Ways to Say "Hope to See You Soon"
18 Other Ways to Say "Thank You So Much"

bottom_desktop desktop:[300x250]

Word Tools	Finders & Helpers	Apps	More	Synonyms

Copyright WordHippo © 2024

Another Word for ACCORDING TO: 35 Ways of Saying “According to” in English

Another word for “according to”!!! On this page, we will find all the ways of saying “according to” in English with example sentences and ESL infographic.

According to Synonyms

Ways of saying “according to”.

Referring to

In agreement with

As believed by

In accordance with

In the opinion of

As claimed by

In the light of

In line with

As determined by

Pursuant to

As you can see

In relation to

Consistent with

As explained by
In AB’s opinion

Conforming to

As mentioned by

As far as I know

As part of …

On the authority of
As reported by

In conformity with

As stated in/ by

In keeping with

As specified by

In consideration of

In proportion to

As maintained by
In consonance with

According to Synonyms with Examples

Referring to my conversation with you today, I now enclose an order sheet for the hosiery as specified.
As per your request, we have marked the cases with gross, tare, and net weights.
In agreement with the above-mentioned data, this effect is also observed in HeLa cells.
In accordance with her wishes, she was buried in France.
In the opinion of his fellow-writers and critics, Mr. Calvino was a world-class author.
In the light of these changes, we must revise our plan.
As determined by the ice crystal geometry, the Moon is 22 degrees from the lovely paraselene.
There was no claim for possession pursuant to the proviso for forfeiture .
As you can see from the weather map, huge rain clouds are completely covering the South East.
The money he’d been ordered to pay was minimal in relation to his salary.
What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week.
Conforming to the new regulations will add to the cost of the project.
Based on the edge of Lake Matt, Sunbeam Yachts started boatbuilding in 1870.
As far as I know , they’re arriving on Saturday.
As part of the treatment, he attended 15 weeks of after-care.
In conformity with your instructions, we have the goods insured against All Risks.
As stated in the supplement, heritage erosion is due to ignorance, and not wanton destruction.
In keeping with tradition, they always have turkey on Christmas Day.
The inside diameter of fitting should match the inside diameter of the pipe as specified by the purchaser.
In consideration of our old friendship, I forgave him.
Spices had a high value in proportion to their weight.

Another Word for “According to” | Infographic

List of According to Synonyms

Last Updated on May 27, 2021

1 thought on “Another Word for ACCORDING TO: 35 Ways of Saying “According to” in English”

it helped me with my practical

What Is Another Way to Say “According to the Text”?

January 16, 2024

Linda Brown

Looking for synonyms for according to the text ? We’ve got you covered!

Here’s a list of other ways to say according to the text .

As stated in the text
As the text indicates
As per the text
In accordance with the text
Based on the text
As the text suggests
Following the text
In line with the text
As described in the text
In keeping with the text
As mentioned in the text
Consistent with the text
As the text outlines
As the text presents
In agreement with the text

Want to learn how to say according to the text professionally? Keep reading for examples and use cases.

1. As Stated in the Text

Appropriate Use : Referring directly to a specific statement or claim in the text. Example : “As stated in the text, the company’s revenue has increased by 15% this year.”

2. As the Text Indicates

Appropriate Use : Pointing out information or data presented in the text. Example : “As the text indicates, there is a significant correlation between sleep and productivity.”

3. As Per the Text

Appropriate Use : Conforming to what has been mentioned or specified in the text. Example : “As per the text, the meeting is scheduled for next Wednesday.”

4. In Accordance with the Text

Appropriate Use : Suggesting that something is in agreement with the information provided in the text. Example : “In accordance with the text, the new policy will be implemented from the first of next month.”

5. Based on the Text

Appropriate Use : Deriving an interpretation or conclusion from the content of the text. Example : “Based on the text, we can conclude that the marketing strategy was highly effective.”

6. As the Text Suggests

Appropriate Use : Drawing inferences or interpretations from the text. Example : “As the text suggests, employee satisfaction directly impacts customer service quality.”

7. Following the Text

Appropriate Use : Referring to or adhering to the content of the text. Example : “Following the text, the experiment’s next step is data analysis.”

8. In Line with the Text

Appropriate Use : Suggesting consistency or agreement with what the text states. Example : “Her thesis is in line with the text’s theories on social dynamics.”

9. As Described in the Text

Appropriate Use : Referring to a description or account given in the text. Example : “As described in the text, the device operates in two distinct modes.”

10. In Keeping with the Text

Appropriate Use : Maintaining consistency with the information or viewpoint presented in the text. Example : “The project’s approach is in keeping with the text’s recommendations on sustainable development.”

11. As Mentioned in the Text

Appropriate Use : Referring to something specifically mentioned in the text. Example : “As mentioned in the text, the survey was conducted across six different countries.”

12. Consistent with the Text

Appropriate Use : Indicating that something is in harmony or does not contradict the text. Example : “The results are consistent with the text’s findings on climate change impacts.”

13. As the Text Outlines

Appropriate Use : Referring to the structure, plan, or main points presented in the text. Example : “As the text outlines, there are three primary stages of the software development lifecycle.”

14. As the Text Presents

Appropriate Use : Indicating the way information or arguments are laid out in the text. Example : “The management strategy, as the text presents, focuses on both short-term and long-term goals.”

15. In Agreement with the Text

Appropriate Use : Showing conformity or accordance with the content of the text. Example : “Her analysis is in agreement with the text’s perspective on cultural influences in marketing.”

What Is Another Way to Say “Power Trip”?
How to Politely Ask for Information in an Email
What Is Another Way to Say “Have a Great Rest of Your Day”?
What Is Another Way to Say “In Between”?
What Is Another Way to Say “Apples to Apples”?
What Is Another Way to Say “This Is Why”?
What Is Another Way to Say “On and Off”?
What Is Another Way to Say “In Sync”?
What Is Another Way to Say “Self-Centered”?
What Is Another Way to Say “Clean Up”?

[email protected]

We help you expand your vocabulary and improve your understanding of the English language.

Daily Crossword
Word Puzzle
Word Finder
Word of the Day
Synonym of the Day
Word of the Year
Language stories
All featured
Gender and sexuality
All pop culture
Writing hub
Grammar essentials
Commonly confused
All writing tips
Pop culture
Writing tips

noun as in belief, assumption to be tested

Strongest matches

proposition
supposition

Strong matches

contestation
postulation
presumption
presupposition

noun as in written dissertation

argumentation
composition
disquisition

Weak matches

Example Sentences

In “Back Home,” Gil also revisits the nostalgia for the South explored in his Johns Hopkins thesis, “Circle of Stone.”

At least father and son were in alignment on this central thesis: acting “gay”—bad; being thought of as gay—bad.

Her doctoral thesis, says Ramin Takloo at the University of Illinois, was simply outstanding.

Marshall McLuhan long ago argued the now accepted thesis that different mediums have different influences on thinking.

He wrote his Master's thesis on the underrepresentation of young people in Congress.

And indeed for most young men a college thesis is but an exercise for sharpening the wits, rarely dangerous in its later effects.

It will be for the reader to determine whether the main thesis of the book has gained or lost by the new evidence.

But the word thesis, when applied to Systems, does not mean the 'position' of single notes, but of groups of notes.

This conclusion, it need hardly be said, is in entire agreement with the main thesis of the preceding pages.

Sundry outlying Indians, with ammunition to waste, took belly and knee rests and strengthened the thesis to the contrary.

Related Words

Words related to thesis are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word thesis . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.

noun as in putting regard in as true

expectation
understanding

noun as in main part of written work

dissertation

noun as in written or musical creation

arrangement
literary work
short story

noun as in argument for idea

advancement
affirmation
asseveration
declaration
explanation
maintaining
predication

Viewing 5 / 44 related words

Synonyms of thesis

as in argument
as in hypothesis
More from M-W
To save this word, you'll need to log in. Log In

Thesaurus Definition of thesis

Synonyms & Similar Words

proposition
speculation
explanation
presupposition
supposition
generalization
presumption
abstraction

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

Examples of thesis in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'thesis.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Thesaurus Entries Near thesis

Cite this entry.

“Thesis.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/thesis. Accessed 11 Aug. 2024.

More from Merriam-Webster on thesis

Nglish: Translation of thesis for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of thesis for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about thesis

Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!

Play Quordle: Guess all four words in a limited number of tries. Each of your guesses must be a real 5-letter word.

Can you solve 4 words at once?

Word of the day.

See Definitions and Examples »

Get Word of the Day daily email!

Popular in Grammar & Usage

Plural and possessive names: a guide, commonly misspelled words, how to use em dashes (—), en dashes (–) , and hyphens (-), absent letters that are heard anyway, how to use accents and diacritical marks, popular in wordplay, 8 words for lesser-known musical instruments, it's a scorcher words for the summer heat, 7 shakespearean insults to make life more interesting, plant names that sound like insults, 10 words from taylor swift songs (merriam's version), games & quizzes.

Play Blossom: Solve today's spelling word game by finding as many words as you can using just 7 letters. Longer words score more points.

Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Synonyms and antonyms of thesis in English

Word of the Day

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

towards the direction that is the opposite to the one in which you are facing

Robbing, looting, and embezzling: talking about stealing

Learn more with +Plus

Recent and Recommended {{#preferredDictionaries}} {{name}} {{/preferredDictionaries}}
Definitions Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English English Learner’s Dictionary Essential British English Essential American English
Grammar and thesaurus Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English Grammar Thesaurus
Pronunciation British and American pronunciations with audio English Pronunciation
English–Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Simplified)–English
English–Chinese (Traditional) Chinese (Traditional)–English
English–Dutch Dutch–English
English–French French–English
English–German German–English
English–Indonesian Indonesian–English
English–Italian Italian–English
English–Japanese Japanese–English
English–Norwegian Norwegian–English
English–Polish Polish–English
English–Portuguese Portuguese–English
English–Spanish Spanish–English
English–Swedish Swedish–English
Dictionary +Plus Word Lists

To add ${headword} to a word list please sign up or log in.

Add ${headword} to one of your lists below, or create a new one.

Something went wrong.

There was a problem sending your report.

Want more celebrity and pop culture news?

Start your day with Page Six Daily.

Thanks for signing up!

Please provide a valid email address.

By clicking above you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy .

Want celebrity news as it breaks? Hooked on Housewives?

She began dating Bryan, 28, last year. They confirmed their relationship in July following his May split with Deb Peifer.

While they have kept their relationship generally to themselves, Chickenfry did not hold back when roasting her beau after he got arrested in Oklahoma in September 2023.

She took to her Instagram Story at the time to share a screenshot of herself listening to Britney Spears’ 2011 song “Criminal” with the lyrics, “Mama, I’m in love with a criminal,” playing.

Election 2024
Entertainment
Newsletters
Photography
AP Buyline Personal Finance
AP Buyline Shopping
Press Releases
Israel-Hamas War
Russia-Ukraine War
Global elections
Asia Pacific
Latin America
Middle East
Delegate Tracker
AP & Elections
2024 Paris Olympic Games
Auto Racing
Movie reviews
Book reviews
Financial Markets
Business Highlights
Financial wellness
Artificial Intelligence
Social Media

Why Harris and Democrats keep calling Trump and Vance ‘weird’

Kamala Harris and her Democratic allies have found a new word to describe Donald Trump and JD Vance: “weird.” And it’s everywhere.

Republican presidential candidate former President Donald Trump, left, and Republican vice presidential candidate Sen. JD Vance, R-Ohio, attend the Republican National Convention, July 15, 2024, in Milwaukee. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, File)

Copy Link copied

Vice President Kamala Harris and her Democratic allies are emphasizing a new line of criticism against Republicans — branding Donald Trump and his running mate, Ohio Sen. JD Vance , as “weird.”

Democrats are applying the label with gusto in interviews and online, notably to Vance’s comments on abortion and his previous suggestion that political leaders who didn’t have biological children “don’t really have a direct stake” in the country.

The “weird” message appears to have given Democrats a narrative advantage that they rarely had when President Joe Biden was still running for reelection. Trump’s campaign, which so often shapes political discussions with the former president’s pronouncements, has spent days trying to flip the script by highlighting things about Democrats it says are weird.

“I don’t know who came up with the message, but I salute them,” said David Karpf, a strategic communication professor at George Washington University.

AP AUDIO: Why Harris and Democrats keep calling Trump and Vance ‘weird’

‘Weird’ is the political label-du-jour. The AP’s Jennifer King has more.

Karpf said labeling Republican comments as “weird” is the sort of concise take that resonates quickly with Harris supporters. Plus, Karpf noted, “it frustrates opponents, leading them to further amplify it through off-balance responses.”

“So far, at least, Trump-Vance has been incapable of finding an effective response,” Karpf said.

Harris and her allies have used the label frequently

Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, a Democrat who is on Harris’ short list for vice president , called Trump and Vance “just weird” last week in an MSNBC interview, which the Democratic Governors Association — of which Walz is chair — amplified in a post on X . Walz reiterated the characterization Sunday on CNN, referencing Trump’s repeated mentions of the fictional serial killer Hannibal Lecter from the film “Silence of the Lambs” in stump speeches.

Responding to Trump’s Thursday appearance on Fox News, the Harris campaign — in a news release with the subject line “Statement on a 78-Year-Old Criminal’s Fox News Appearance” — included “Trump is old and quite weird?” in a bulleted list of takeaways.

A day later, multiple news releases from the Harris campaign described her opponents similarly, declaring simply that “JD Vance is weird” in part due to his stances on abortion, and Harris’ campaign spokesperson saying that Vance had “spent all week making headlines for his out-of-touch, weird ideas.”

Two of Harris’ allies, Sens. Brian Schatz of Hawaii and Chris Murphy of Connecticut, on Friday posted a video on X calling Vance’s past comments about limiting the political power of childless Americans “a super weird idea.”

And then, at her first fundraiser since becoming the Democrats’ likely White House nominee, Harris used the characterization herself, calling out some of Trump’s “wild lies about my record and some of what he and his running mate are saying, it is just plain weird.”

“I mean that’s the box you put that in, right?” she added.

Many of Democrats’ comments appear to be allusions to a 2021 interview with Vance in which he slammed some prominent Democrats without biological children — including Harris — as “childless cat ladies” with “no direct stake” in America.

But Harris’ own characterization of Trump as “weird” may date back even further. In his 2021 book, political reporter Edward-Isaac Dovere wrote that Harris reportedly gathered with aides in 2018 to prepare for her own presidential bid.

What to know about the 2024 Election

Today’s news: Follow live updates from the campaign trail from the AP.
Ground Game: Sign up for AP’s weekly politics newsletter to get it in your inbox every Monday.
AP’s Role: The Associated Press is the most trusted source of information on election night, with a history of accuracy dating to 1848. Learn more.

As staff aimed to prepare her for how she’d react if, during a debate, Trump stood over her as he did Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton in 2016, Harris reportedly quipped, “‘I’d turn around and say, ‘Why are you being so weird? What’s wrong with you?’”

Trump’s campaign has tried to flip the script

On Sunday, Trump spokesman Steven Cheung posted video of Walz calling Trump and Vance “weird” as he stumped for Harris and said the likely Democratic nominee and her backers were themselves out of line for “trying to gaslight everyone into thinking the shooting was staged,” a reference to the assassination attempt at Trump’s rally in Pennsylvania.

More broadly, some of Trump’s allies have angled to turn the conversation back to Harris and what they portray as her failed policy ideas.

Donald Trump Jr., the former president’s oldest son, took to X on Monday to ask, “You know what’s really weird? Soft on crime politicians like Kamala allowing illegal aliens out of prison so they can violently assault Americans.”

On Saturday, Vance reposted an X video Trump Jr. shared in which Harris talked about “climate anxiety, which is fear of the future and the unknown of whether it makes sense for you to even think about having children.”

“It’s almost like these people don’t want young people starting families or something,” Vance wrote. “Really weird stuff.”

Democrats are co-opting Republican attack lines to support Harris

Republicans have long shared clips of Harris’ laugh and some of her jokes or stories to try to make the vice president seem weird — notably an anecdote she told last year about her mother scolding her, “You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?”

The “coconut tree” story has itself become a Democratic in-joke in the days since Harris took over the campaign. Many of her supporters have embraced coconut emojis in their online accounts.

Calling Republicans “weird” may be a way to take Republicans’ previous tactics and make them their own, said Matt Sienkiewicz, a communication professor at Boston College.

University at Buffalo political communication professor Jacob Neiheisel compared the “weird” message to Arizona Sen. John McCain’s 2008 attempt to portray Barack Obama as a celebrity with no real accomplishments .

“At a functional level, I think that this might be part of a concerted attempt to mitigate some of the longstanding efforts on the right to paint Harris in a similar way,” Neiheisel said.

Kinnard reported from Chapin, South Carolina, and can be reached at http://twitter.com/MegKinnardAP .

Follow the AP’s coverage of the 2024 election at https://apnews.com/hub/election-2024 .

Cash App to award $15M to users in security breach settlement: How to file a claim

Cash app users have until nov. 18, 2024 to submit their claim for reimbursement for the data and security breach..

Our audience experiences team would love to hear our readers' thoughts on artificial intelligence. Please fill out this short survey and share your feedback.

Cash App users could get some cash sent to their bank accounts soon.

In a settlement, the mobile payment service was ordered to pay out $15 million in damages.

According to a class-action lawsuit obtained by USA TODAY, plaintiffs sued Cash App Investing and Block Inc. for the companies' "failure to exercise reasonable care in securing and safeguarding consumer information."

The lawsuit said that the December 2021 data breach resulted, “in the unauthorized public release of the personally identifiable information of 8.2 million current and former Cash App Investing customers.”

In addition, a former employee gained access to Cash App users’ personal information during their employment and downloaded the data without the users’ knowledge, the lawsuit said.

If users had unauthorized or fraudulent withdrawals or transfers of funds from their Cash App account between Aug. 23, 2018, and before Aug. 20, 2024, they are eligible to submit a claim for up to $2,500, the Cash App website said.

Here is what you need to know about the Cash App settlement.

Meta settlement: Meta to pay Texas $1.4 billion in 'historic settlement' over biometric data allegations

Do I qualify to file a claim?

Cash App users that will be able to file a claim must have had an account on Aug. 23, 2018 and before Aug. 20, 2024. The users that will qualify have not already been reimbursed by Block Inc., Cash App Investing or a third party, the mobile payment service said.

What types of claims can Cash App users file for?

According to Cash App, a user can submit a claim for the following:

Out-of-Pocket Losses: Users can submit a claim that shows their Cash App account was involved in the data breach. If a user is eligible for a reimbursement, after submitting the required documentation to the company they could receive up to $2,500.
Lost Time: Cash App users who submit a claim may be eligible for reimbursement for lost time. Users can submit a claim for up to three hours at a rate of $25 per hour for time spent regarding the unauthorized users and data breach.
Transaction Losses: If a user experienced a monetary loss and has not been reimbursed, they will be able to submit the Transaction Losses claim.

What if I have more than one Cash App account?

Users should only submit one claim form. However, if you have multiple Cash App accounts to submit a claim for, the mobile payment service recommends users to list all of their $(InsertYourCashTag) and information about their claims on a single claim form, Cash App said.

How can I submit a claim?

To file a claim, Cash App users can submit a completed claim form by Nov. 18, 2024 for consideration.

You can submit the claim form at https://cashappsecuritysettlement.com/submit-claim .

Ahjané Forbes is a reporter on the National Trending Team at USA TODAY. Ahjané covers breaking news, car recalls, crime, health, lottery and public policy stories. Email her at [email protected] . Follow her on Instagram , Threads and X (Twitter) @forbesfineest.

University of Notre Dame

Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews

Home ›
Reviews ›

Dangerous Jokes: How Racism and Sexism Weaponize Humor

Claire Horisk, Dangerous Jokes: How Racism and Sexism Weaponize Humor , Oxford University Press, 2024, 204pp., $32.88 (hbk), ISBN 9780197691496.

Reviewed by Mary Kate McGowan, Wellesley College

Jokes are no joke; they can harm, disparage, and reinforce an unjust social hierarchy. Jokes also function in a complex communicative manner, and when we are amused, we are less critical of the derogating messages conveyed by jokes. In Dangerous Jokes: How Racism and Sexism Weaponize Humor , Claire Horisk argues persuasively for these claims. The book is clearly and carefully written in a manner accessible to a general audience. This is no small feat since the book also successfully incorporates complex tools from the philosophy of language as well as quite a bit of empirical research. It also argues for two novel philosophical claims. For philosophers of language interested in manipulative speech, and indeed for anyone interested in how jokes actually work, this is a must read. It’s also fun, highly informative, surprising in many ways, and philosophically astute.

Horisk makes a slew of important distinctions, but she focuses her attention on what she calls belittlement. A joke is belittling if it conveys a negative stereotype that supports—or has supported—an unjust social hierarchy. Jokes that demean lawyers are not belittling but jokes that demean women are; the difference, for Horisk, lies in the broader social structure and the subordinate position of the targeted group in that hierarchy.

One of the many things that the book does is bridge common sense beliefs about jokes with both philosophical theory and empirical evidence. To this end, Horisk identifies several widespread folk beliefs about jokes, assesses whether these theses are true, and also explains why they might seem true, even when they are false. The Harmless Fun thesis claims that jokes cannot be harmful; this thesis is refuted but Horisk argues that it might seem true because of two other theses: Wrong Audience and Wrong Joker. Wrong Audience claims that jokes can seem to be problematic when told to the wrong audience. The idea here is that a joke can seem harmful even when it is not but this is because it is told either to humorless people who don’t manage to get the joke or to oversensitive people who react to it in unwarranted ways. This thesis is also false, but there’s a surprising twist. People who are amused by a belittling joke might seem like the right audience for it. But, as Horisk argues, when one is amused by a joke, one is more likely to rely on less critical cognitive faculties; this means that one is more likely to uncritically accept the belittling content conveyed. The amused audience then is, in an important sense, the wrong one. The third thesis, Wrong Joker, contends that it is acceptable to tell a belittling joke about one’s own social group but not about a group to which one does not belong. Again, this thesis purports to protect Harmless Fun from apparent counter evidence and again the results are surprising. Although one might think that self-deprecating humor is less harmful than belittling other groups, the evidence suggests otherwise. When one belittles a different group, one violates a social norm against doing so, and the evidence suggests that doing that triggers critical faculties in one’s audience, thus potentially preventing them from taking the harmful content on board. When one tells a self-disparaging joke, by contrast, that particular social norm is not violated and so the audience is less likely to be critical of the harmful content conveyed.

One interesting issue not directly addressed by the book concerns the basis of amusement. One might be amused by the belittling content conveyed by a joke but one might also be amused by something else about it: the clever word play, the inside information required to get the joke, the unexpected nature of the crucial connection, the delivery, the timing, or any number of things. Although judiciously avoiding these complexities, Horisk is characteristically careful; she does not assume that being amused by a belittling joke involves endorsing the belittling content. Instead, she says only that if one is amused by such a joke, then that is some (circumstantial) evidence to think that one might hold such beliefs, and this is reason enough to investigate them.

This is a genuine crossover book, so in addition to making these issues available to a general audience and to identifying the above surprising empirical results, Horisk also argues for two novel philosophical theses. First, she argues that belittling jokes convey belittling content via generalized conversational implicatures. Prior philosophical attention to racist and sexist jokes did not concern their communicative function. Mostly, such work concerns the ethics of telling and enjoying (that is, being amused by or laughing at) such jokes. Second, Horisk develops an account of culpable listening. According to Horisk, when one is a participant in a conversation in which a belittling joke is told, one acts wrongly by allowing that belittling content into the common ground. This wrong is prior to any failure to speak out against that content. She says, “listening to racist language is sometimes wrong; challenging it is a corrective measure, which can be used to make reparations for the wrong (132)”. While many think that failing to object to belittling content can be wrong, Horisk goes considerably further; for Horisk, it’s wrong to even listen. This is an interesting—and even radical—claim.

In what follows, I will focus on the first claim, namely that belittling jokes convey content via generalized conversational implicature. As is well known, jokes convey content without explicitly stating that content and implicature is one way to convey content without saying it. There are several kinds: conventional implicature, particularized conversational implicature, and generalized conversational implicature. A generalized conversational implicature conveys content via a presumption that a speaker is being communicatively cooperative (this makes it conversational) but it does not rely on specific features of the conversational context (so it is generalized). Here are some examples of generalized conversational implicature. ‘Sally ate some of the cake’ generally implicates that Sally did not eat all of the cake, and ‘The pool is warm’ generally implicates that the pool is not hot. Horisk argues that belittling jokes convey their belittling content via this sort of invited inference.

Even though this is a public philosophy book that ought to omit technical and potentially distracting details, I’d nevertheless like for Horisk to say more. First, one might wonder whether Horisk is assuming that all jokes convey implicit content in the same way. Horisk does not make this assumption explicit or give any reason to support it. And it seems that there is good reason to reject it. After all, jokes are complex and varied. Why think that word play jokes convey implicit content the same way as narrative jokes? Second, it is unclear that Horisk’s argumentative strategy excludes all (plausible) alternatives. To see this, let’s first summarize Horisk’s argument, which is two-fold. She begins by arguing that belittling jokes share two features with generalized conversational implicatures: reinforcement and cancellation. Then, she argues against a presuppositional account, which she identifies as the main alternative account.

These features (of reinforcement and cancellation) are also features of particularized implicatures. So it’s unclear why this consideration supports Horisk’s contention (that belittling jokes convey content via generalized implicatures) as opposed to the claim that they—or at least some of them—convey that content via particularized implicatures. Narrative jokes, for example, often with quite rich contextual features, seem like especially good candidates for conveying content via particularized implicature. Horisk should say more.

In arguing against presuppositional accounts, Horisk targets Robert Stalnaker’s (fairly specific notion of) pragmatic presupposition. To pragmatically presuppose something, in Stalnaker’s sense, is to treat it as already shared (i.e., accepted by all and recognized as accepted by all) or to treat it as something that would be uncontroversially accepted by all. For those unfamiliar, some examples will help. When speaking with a family friend, one can take for granted that one has a sibling. That information is already shared, and it can be legitimately presupposed. We can also introduce presuppositions. To see this, suppose that I am speaking to a colleague (who doesn’t know anything about my birth family) and I excuse myself from a conversation by saying that I need to respond to my brother’s email; in this case, I presuppose that I have a brother and I legitimately do so even though my colleague does not already accept this (so it is not shared at the time of my utterance). I nevertheless presuppose it, because I rely on it and reasonably expect that my colleague will happily accept it.

Horisk argues against a presuppositional account with what she calls the contentious joker. Consider the following joke: “Hey, did you hear that Wellesley had to close its philosophy department? Yah, they lost all their majors as soon as the college required logic as part of the major.” This joke relies on the social belief that women are not good at math. Suppose now that Paul, a sexist jerk, tells this joke to his feminist friend, Helen, and he does so in order to get an (entertaining-to-him) rise out of her. Paul is a contentious joker. He does not believe that Helen accepts—or would readily accept—the claim that women are not good at math. As a result, and although the joke seems to presuppose that women cannot do math, it does not satisfy Stalnaker’s notion of presupposition. According to Horisk, this tells against presuppositional accounts and in favor of her generalized implicature account.

Horisk is absolutely correct that the contentious joker does not presuppose, in Stalnaker’s sense, that women cannot do math. But Stalnaker’s account is not the only account in town; it’s quite narrow. Moreover, Stalnaker’s account is designed for ideal contexts and an ignorant jerk telling a sexist joke to a card-carrying feminist does not seem to be an ideal context. (In later chapters, Horisk skillfully extends Stalnaker’s common ground framework in order to explain power differences amongst participants.) There also seems to be another option: one might think that Paul is flouting the norms of presupposition; he is pretending to presuppose something in order to irritate; on this way of thinking, which seems intuitive, Paul is still presupposing but he is abusing the practice of doing so. It’s also not clear how Horisk’s preferred account would fare with Paul’s joke; that is, it is not clear that Paul’s joke conveys belittling content via generalized implicature, as Horisk would have it. And, finally, as we saw above, jokes can convey content in different ways so even if a presuppositional account cannot handle the contentious joker, it does not follow that a presuppositional account cannot correctly explain how other jokes convey belittling content.

Horisk’s account of culpable listening is the most innovative and controversial claim in her excellent book. The claim, the account of it, and the arguments in favor of it are each too subtle and complex to investigate responsibly in such a short review. Consequently, I confine myself to two short comments. First, the view relies heavily on Stalnaker’s notion of common ground and so a lot depends on exactly what is required for something to be a part of the common ground. Second, there’s good news: Horisk’s future work will extend what she says here on the topic.

In sum, Dangerous Jokes: How Racism and Sexism Weaponize Humor is a terrific, informative, clear, accessible, unpretentious, careful, and innovative book on an important topic. It’s fun to read and teach. I recommend it as required reading for all social philosophers of language and for anyone interested in the subtle ways that jokes mask the harmful content they sometimes convey.

Share full article

Supported by

Guest Essay

Will A.I. Be a Creator or a Destroyer of Worlds?

A hand projects into a swirl made up of the colors of the rainbow.

By Thomas B. Edsall

Mr. Edsall contributes a weekly column from Washington, D.C., on politics, demographics and inequality.

The advent of A.I. — artificial intelligence — is spurring curiosity and fear. Will A.I. be a creator or a destroyer of worlds?

In “ Can We Have Pro-Worker A.I. ? Choosing a Path of Machines in Service of Minds,” three economists at M.I.T., Daron Acemoglu , David Autor and Simon Johnson , looked at this epochal innovation last year:

The private sector in the United States is currently pursuing a path for generative A.I. that emphasizes automation and the displacement of labor, along with intrusive workplace surveillance. As a result, disruptions could lead to a potential downward cascade in wage levels, as well as inefficient productivity gains. Before the advent of artificial intelligence, automation was largely limited to blue-collar and office jobs using digital technologies while more complex and better-paying jobs were left untouched because they require flexibility, judgment and common sense.

Now, Acemoglu, Autor and Johnson wrote, A.I. presents a direct threat to those high-skill jobs: “A major focus of A.I. research is to attain human parity in a vast range of cognitive tasks and, more generally, to achieve ‘artificial general intelligence’ that fully mimics and then surpasses capabilities of the human mind.”

The three economists make the case that

There is no guarantee that the transformative capabilities of generative A.I. will be used for the betterment of work or workers. The bias of the tax code, of the private sector generally, and of the technology sector specifically, leans toward automation over augmentation. But there are also potentially powerful A.I.-based tools that can be used to create new tasks, boosting expertise and productivity across a range of skills. To redirect A.I. development onto the human-complementary path requires changes in the direction of technological innovation, as well as in corporate norms and behavior. This needs to be backed up by the right priorities at the federal level and a broader public understanding of the stakes and the available choices. We know this is a tall order.

“Tall” is an understatement.

In an email elaborating on the A.I. paper, Acemoglu contended that artificial intelligence has the potential to improve employment prospects rather than undermine them:

It is quite possible to leverage generative A.I. as an informational tool that enables various different types of workers to get better at their jobs and perform more complex tasks. If we are able to do this, this would help create good, meaningful jobs, with wage growth potential, and may even reduce inequality. Think of a generative A.I. tool that helps electricians get much better at diagnosing complex problems and troubleshoot them effectively.

This, however, “is not where we are heading,” Acemoglu continued:

The preoccupation of the tech industry is still automation and more automation, and the monetization of data via digital ads. To turn generative A.I. pro-worker, we need a major course correction, and this is not something that’s going to happen by itself.

Acemoglu pointed out that unlike the regional trade shock that decimated manufacturing employment after China entered the World Trade Organization in 2001, “The kinds of tasks impacted by A.I. are much more broadly distributed in the population and also across regions.” In other words, A.I. threatens employment at virtually all levels of the economy, including well-paid jobs requiring complex cognitive capabilities.

Four technology specialists — Tyna Eloundou and Pamela Mishkin , both on the staff of OpenAI , with Sam Manning , a research fellow at the Centre for the Governance of A.I., and Daniel Rock at the University of Pennsylvania — provided a detailed case study on the employment effects of artificial intelligence in their 2023 paper, “ GPTs Are GPTs : An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models.”

“Around 80 percent of the U.S. work force could have at least 10 percent of their work tasks affected by the introduction of large language models,” Eloundou and her co-authors wrote, and “approximately 19 percent of workers may see at least 50 percent of their tasks impacted.”

Large language models have multiple and diverse uses, according to Eloundou and her colleagues, and “can process and produce various forms of sequential data, including assembly language, protein sequences and chess games, extending beyond natural.” In addition, these models “excel in diverse applications like translation, classification, creative writing, and code generation — capabilities that previously demanded specialized, task-specific models developed by expert engineers using domain-specific data.”

We are having trouble retrieving the article content.

Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access.

Already a subscriber? Log in .

Want all of The Times? Subscribe .

Help Center

Synonyms for According to research

88 other terms for according to research - words and phrases with similar meaning.

Alternatively

IMAGES

According to Synonym
100+ Other Ways To Say "According to" in Writing
Thesis synonyms
THESIS: Synonyms and Related Words. What is Another Word for THESIS
According to Synonym
In Conclusion Synonym

COMMENTS

11 Other Ways To Say "According To" (With Examples)
11 "According To" Synonyms. Before we go over other ways to say according to, it's worth mentioning that an excellent alternative is to simply rewrite the text to be more direct.Here's an example: According to Dr. Joseph, the fracture will not heal properly if Jacob doesn't get enough rest. ↓ Dr. Joseph warned that the fracture will not heal properly if Jacob doesn't get enough rest.
133 According to Synonyms with Examples
Common Synonyms for According to. According to vs. In accordance with. " In accordance with " implies compliance with rules or specifications, whereas " according to " often refers to someone's point of view or a source of information. "According to our teacher, we must read the next chapter before the upcoming class.".
What Synonyms Can Replace 'According to' in a Thesis?
The phrase 'according to' is commonly utilized when we need to reference or attribute ideas, facts or opinions in writing. It plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of academic and professional writing. However, repetitive utilization of this phrase may detract from the originality and readability of your writing.
13 Synonyms & Antonyms for ACCORDING TO
Find 13 different ways to say ACCORDING TO, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
Synonyms for According to
Another way to say According To? Synonyms for According To (other words and phrases for According To).
12 Other Ways to Say "According to"
Alternatives to "According to ". 1. As stated by. Example: " As stated by the author, the experiment yielded significant results.". Meaning: This phrase is a respectful nod to the original source of the information or opinion. It indicates that you are not claiming the idea as your own but rather acknowledging the person who originally ...
What is another word for "according to"?
in accordance with. in compliance with. in conformity with. in keeping with. in line with. accordant with. commensurate with. conforming to. consistent with.
Another Word for ACCORDING TO: 35 Ways of Saying "According to" in
Ways of Saying "According to". Referring to. As per. In agreement with. AB related. As believed by. In accordance with. As said by. In the opinion of.
ACCORDING TO
ACCORDING TO - Synonyms, related words and examples | Cambridge English Thesaurus
ACCORDING TO Synonyms
Synonyms for ACCORDING TO in English: as claimed by, in the opinion of, on the authority of, as stated by, as believed by, on the report of, as maintained by, in keeping with, in line with, consistent with, …
According-to Synonyms: 17 Synonyms and Antonyms for According-to
accost. Synonyms for ACCORDING-TO: in accordance with, as, to the degree that, in consonance with, conforming to, just as, in-keeping-with, in line with, in agreement with, consistent with, congruent with, pursuant to.
What Is Another Way to Say "According to the Text"?
Example: "Her thesis is in line with the text's theories on social dynamics." 9. As Described in the Text. Appropriate Use: Referring to a description or account given in the text. Example: "As described in the text, the device operates in two distinct modes." 10. In Keeping with the Text
Synonyms for According to a study
according to one study. according to research. according to research carried out. according to research conducted. according to the research. according to the study. according to the survey. at a studio. for a study.
According To This Study synonyms
according to the report. according to the research. according to the study. according to the survey. according to this report. according to this survey. after this study. based on this study. following this study.
ACCORDING Synonyms: 81 Similar and Opposite Words
Synonyms for ACCORDING: corresponding, coinciding, conforming, agreeing, fitting, consisting, checking, answering; Antonyms of ACCORDING: differing (from ...
48 Synonyms & Antonyms for THESIS
Find 48 different ways to say THESIS, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
THESIS Synonyms: 44 Similar and Opposite Words
Synonyms for THESIS: argument, contention, assertion, hypothesis, theory, guess, assumption, hunch; Antonyms of THESIS: fact, knowledge, assurance, certainty. ... II, so the two got married and Virginia Hislop left Stanford after completing her coursework but before handing in her thesis, according to the university.
THESIS
THESIS - Synonyms, related words and examples | Cambridge English Thesaurus
THESIS Synonyms
Synonyms for THESIS in English: proposition, theory, hypothesis, idea, view, opinion, proposal, contention, line of argument, dissertation, …
Zach Bryan's girlfriend, Brianna Chickenfry, slammed for allegedly
"White women favorite word 😂," another quipped. "why do they even say it like that? the sentences that they use it in could've been the same [without] it," a third user pointed out .
Why Harris keeps calling Trump and Vance 'weird'
Vice President Kamala Harris and her Democratic allies are emphasizing a new line of criticism against Republicans — branding Donald Trump and his running mate, Ohio Sen. JD Vance, as "weird." Democrats are applying the label with gusto in interviews and online, notably to Vance's comments on abortion and his previous suggestion that political leaders who didn't have biological ...
Synonyms for According to a research
0 other terms for according to a research- words and phrases with similar meaning. Lists. synonyms. antonyms. definitions. sentences. thesaurus. suggest new. according to a study. according to a review. according to a survey. according to an analysis. according to an investigation. according to one study.
Cash App settlement claims can be submitted now: See if you qualify
Cash App users could get some cash sent to their bank accounts soon.. In a settlement, the mobile payment service was ordered to pay out $15 million in damages. According to a class-action lawsuit ...
Dangerous Jokes: How Racism and Sexism Weaponize Humor
The Harmless Fun thesis claims that jokes cannot be harmful; this thesis is refuted but Horisk argues that it might seem true because of two other theses: Wrong Audience and Wrong Joker. Wrong Audience claims that jokes can seem to be problematic when told to the wrong audience. ... According to Horisk, this tells against presuppositional ...
What it means to have a 'Black job' in America
When former President Donald Trump last week reasserted his unsubstantiated claim that immigrants are "taking Black jobs," the phrasing once again became internet fodder.
Opinion
These "assistants," according to Schneier, serve as your advocate with others, and as a butler with you. This requires an intimacy greater than your search engine, email provider, cloud ...
Judge clarifies: Yes, Trump was found to have raped E. Jean Carroll
What the jury found Donald Trump did to E. Jean Carroll was in fact rape, as commonly understood, even if it didn't fit New York law's narrow definition, says Judge Lewis A. Kaplan.
What Does Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Actually Want?
According to the Post, Kennedy seemed to have recorded the encounters as a way of policing himself. In one entry, he recalls being propositioned to have sex with two women: "It was tempting but ...
Synonyms for According to research
88 other terms for according to research - words and phrases with similar meaning. research suggests. by the studies. based on studies. according to studies. according to surveys. from the literature. according to survey. according to study.
The math behind why Harris picked Walz and why she may regret it
Tim Walz's selection as Kamala Harris' running mate underscores both the power of social media and of being relatively affable and nondivisive.

“According To”: Phrases You Can Use Instead

Quick Summary on “According To”

What Does “According To” Mean?

11 “According To” Synonyms

1. As stated in/by

2. As explained by

3. Based on

5. As mentioned in/by

6. As indicated in/by

7. From the point of view of

8. On the authority of

9. Pursuant to

10. As demonstrated by

11. As maintained by

According to the Rest, LanguageTool Is the Best

Unleash the Professional Writer in You With LanguageTool

Works on All Your Favorite Services

We Value Your Feedback

133 According to Synonyms with Examples | Another Word for “According to”

According to Synonyms

What Is “According to”?

List of Synonyms for According to

Types of Synonyms for According to

Informal Alternatives

Synonyms Indicating Agreement

According to vs. Based on

According to vs. Following

According to vs. As reported by

“According to” Synonym Usage in Formal Writing

Relevance to Clarity and Precision

Impact on Tone and Style

Synonyms for According to in Different Contexts

In Business Correspondence

In Casual Writing

In Reporting

Absolute and Near Synonyms of According to

Near Synonyms for According to

Synonyms for According to with Examples | Infographic

Frequently Asked Questions

Improve your writing with the help of AI writing assistants!

What Synonyms Can Replace ‘According to’ in a Thesis?

Synonyms for ‘According to’

Using Synonyms in Different Contexts

Adding Nuance with Near Synonyms

Conclusions

Related articles

12 Other Ways to Say “According to”

Alternatives to “According to “

3. In the opinion of

4. Based on

5. As reported by

6. In accordance with

7. Per the findings of

8. As evidenced by

9. In line with

10. As delineated by

11. Following the argument of

12. As concurred by

Related Posts:

Leave a comment Cancel reply

bottom_desktop desktop:[300x250]

Another Word for ACCORDING TO: 35 Ways of Saying “According to” in English

According to Synonyms

According to Synonyms with Examples

Another Word for “According to” | Infographic

1 thought on “Another Word for ACCORDING TO: 35 Ways of Saying “According to” in English”

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

What Is Another Way to Say “According to the Text”?

1. As Stated in the Text

2. As the Text Indicates

3. As Per the Text

4. In Accordance with the Text

5. Based on the Text

6. As the Text Suggests

7. Following the Text

8. In Line with the Text

9. As Described in the Text

10. In Keeping with the Text

11. As Mentioned in the Text

12. Consistent with the Text